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Sun L, Wang H. Acupuncture in the treatment of cocaine addiction: how does it work? Acupunct Med 2024:9645284241248473. [PMID: 38706189 DOI: 10.1177/09645284241248473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cocaine is a frequently abused and highly addictive drug that damages brain health and imposes substantial social and economic costs. Acupuncture has been used in the treatment of cocaine addiction and has been shown to improve abnormal mental and motor states. This article mainly focuses on the neurobiological mechanisms involving the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) that underlie the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of cocaine addiction. The central dopamine system is a key player in acupuncture treatment of cocaine addiction; the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-nucleus accumbens (NAc) signaling pathway, which has a modulatory influence on behavior and psychology after chronic use of cocaine, is a significant target of acupuncture action. Moreover, acupuncture alleviates cocaine-induced seizures or acute psychomotor responses through the paraventricular thalamus and the lateral habenula (LHb)-rostromedial tegmental (RMTg) nucleus circuits. The data suggest that acupuncture can impact various cocaine-induced issues via stimulation of diverse brain areas; nevertheless, the interconnection of these brain regions and the PNS mechanisms involved remain unknown. In this review, we also discuss the effects of specific acupuncture protocols on cocaine addiction and note that variations in needling modalities, current intensities and traditional acupuncture point locations have led to different experimental results. Therefore, standardized acupuncture protocols (with respect to stimulation methods, point locations and number of sessions) may become particularly important in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqiang Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Lu TC, Kuo CE, Wu SY, Tsai YH, Hung YC, Hu WL, Tsai MC. Effect of light needle in the treatment of opioid use disorder: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31451. [PMID: 36550884 PMCID: PMC9771195 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder occurs worldwide and creates an increasing economic burden and public health crisis. Some problems are associated with using opioid agonists; therefore, there is a need to develop non-opioid treatments to improve acute and long-term opioid withdrawal syndromes. METHODS We will enroll 100 participants with opioid use disorders receiving methadone maintenance treatment at an addiction treatment center and randomly allocate them to an experimental or control group. The experimental group will receive 12 sessions of light needle therapy within 4 weeks, while the control group will receive sham light needle treatment without any laser output. Urinary morphine levels were assessed before and after treatment. Participants will be asked to self-report their number of episodes or days of heroin use and heroin craving/refusal to use heroin in the previous week before and after treatment on a visual analogue scale score of 0 to 10. Quality of life will be reported using the Short Form-12v2 before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Pulse diagnosis and heart rate variability will be evaluated before and after treatment. Baseline patient characteristics will be compared between the groups using the independent t test and the χ2 test. Data between the 2 groups will be compared using generalized estimation equations, and paired t tests. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of adjuvant light needle therapy in patients with opioid use disorder on methadone maintenance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuo-Cheng Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-En Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure and Sports Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ying Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate I-Shou University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Tsai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Fooyin University College of Nursing, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wen-Long Hu, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan (e-mail: )
| | - Meng-Chang Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chang S, Fan Y, Lee SM, Ryu Y, Lee BH, Kim SC, Bills KB, Steffensen SC, Yang CH, Kim HY. Acupuncture reduces cocaine psychomotor responses by activating the rostromedial tegmental nucleus. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13052. [PMID: 33969586 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), a GABAergic afferent to midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, has emerged as an integral player in both rewarding and nociceptive responses. While previous studies have demonstrated that acupuncture modulates DA transmission in the mesolimbic reward system originating in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and can reduce drug self-administration, the central links between peripheral acupuncture signals and brain reward systems are not well-characterized. Thus, we hypothesised that acupuncture would elicit inhibitory signals from RMTg neurons to brain reward systems. Acupuncture reduced acute cocaine-induced locomotor activity and DA release in a point-specific manner, which was blocked by optogenetic silencing or chemical lesion of the RMTg. The acupuncture effect was mimicked by chemical activation of the RMTg. Acupuncture activated RMTg GABA neurons. In addition, the inhibitory effects of acupuncture on acute cocaine-induced locomotor activity were prevented by electrolytic lesions of the lateral habenula (LHb) or fasciculus retroflexus (FR), areas known to project to the RMTg. These findings suggest that acupuncture recruits the RMTg to reduce the psychomotor responses enhanced by acute cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchan Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine Daegu Haany University Daegu South Korea
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine Daegu Haany University Daegu South Korea
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryolgy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Soo Min Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine Daegu Haany University Daegu South Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- Korean Medicine Fundamental Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Daejeon South Korea
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine Daegu Haany University Daegu South Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- Medical Research Center, College of Korean Medicine Daegu Haany University Gyeongsan South Korea
| | - Kyle B. Bills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine Provo Utah USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Scott C. Steffensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine Daegu Haany University Daegu South Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine Daegu Haany University Daegu South Korea
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Zick SM, Kruger G, Harte S, Sen A, Harris RE, Pearce CL. Acupressure for Cancer-fatigue in Ovarian Cancer Survivor (AcuOva) Study: A community-based clinical trial study protocol examining the impact of self-acupressure on persistent cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer survivors. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 107:106477. [PMID: 34119716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Persistent cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common and burdensome symptoms experienced by ovarian cancer survivors. Despite the high burden of fatigue in ovarian cancer survivors, there are few available treatments. Previous research has shown self-acupressure to be a safe method for improving persistent fatigue, sleep, and quality of life among fatigued breast cancer survivors, yet there are no studies examining self-acupressure for fatigue in ovarian cancer survivors. Methods A three group parallel, randomized controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of self-acupressure taught and delivered via a patient-designed, custom-built mobile app ("MeTime") and accompanying hand-held device ("AcuWand") to help guide correct pressure application. A sample of 165 ovarian cancer survivors, who have completed primary cancer treatment will be recruited from tumor registries in Michigan and Los Angeles. Participants will be mailed a tablet preloaded with the app and a device, and all visits will be conducted remotely. Participants will be randomized to 6-weeks of daily self-acupressure via the app and device, or a sham app and device, or no care group. Self-report measures will be completed at baseline, 6-weeks (post-intervention), 3-, and 6-months. Primary outcome is the Brief Fatigue Inventory; secondary outcomes are sleep, quality of life, and symptoms commonly associated with persistent fatigue. Discussion An app based self-acupressure treatment may be an easily-accessible and inexpensive treatment to reduce fatigue in ovarian cancer survivors. The results of the study will provide information on the possible benefits of app-based self-acupressure for fatigue in ovarian cancer survivors. Trial registration: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03763838, date registered on December 4, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna Maria Zick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Grant Kruger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1043 H H Dow Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 1043 H H Dow Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA.
| | - Steven Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Domino's Farms/Lobby M, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA; Department of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Domino's Farms/Lobby M, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA.
| | - Ananda Sen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1213, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1213, USA.
| | - Richard Edmund Harris
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Bidirectional role of acupuncture in the treatment of drug addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:382-397. [PMID: 33839169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder, affecting people from all walks of life. Studies of acupuncture effects on drug addiction are intriguing in light of the fact that acupuncture can be used as a convenient therapeutic intervention for treating drug addiction by direct activation of brain pathway. The current review aims to discuss the neurobiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture's effectiveness in the treatment of drug addiction, on the basis of two different theories (the incentive sensitization theory and the opponent process theory) that have seemingly opposite view on the role of the mesolimbic reward pathways in mediating compulsive drug-seeking behavior. This review provides evidence that acupuncture may reduce relapse to drug-seeking behavior by regulating neurotransmitters involved in drug craving modulation via somatosensory afferent mechanisms. Also, acupuncture normalizes hyper-reactivity or hypoactivity of the mesolimbic dopamine system in these opposed processes in drug addiction, suggesting bidirectional role of acupuncture in regulation of drug addiction. This proposes that acupuncture may reduce drug craving by correcting both dysfunctions of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway.
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The effects of acupuncture versus sham/placebo acupuncture for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 41:101253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chang S, Kim DH, Jang EY, Yoon SS, Gwak YS, Yi YJ, Lee JY, Ahn SH, Kim JM, Ryu YH, Kim SN, Roh HS, Lee MY, Kim SC, Lee BH, Kim HY, Yang CH. Acupuncture attenuates alcohol dependence through activation of endorphinergic input to the nucleus accumbens from the arcuate nucleus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1342. [PMID: 31517050 PMCID: PMC6726441 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A withdrawal-associated impairment in β-endorphin neurotransmission in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus is associated with alcohol dependence characterized by a chronic relapsing disorder. Although acupuncture activates β-endorphin neurons in the ARC projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a role for ARC β-endorphin neurons in alcohol dependence and acupuncture effects has not been examined. Here, we show that acupuncture at Shenmen (HT7) points attenuates behavioral manifestation of alcohol dependence by activating endorphinergic input to the NAc from the ARC. Acupuncture attenuated ethanol withdrawal tremor, anxiety-like behaviors, and ethanol self-administration in ethanol-dependent rats, which are mimicked by local injection of β-endorphin into the NAc. Acupuncture also reversed the decreased β-endorphin levels in the NAc and a reduction of neuronal activity in the ARC during ethanol withdrawal. These results suggest that acupuncture may provide a novel, potential treatment strategy for alcohol use disorder by direct activation of the brain pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchan Chang
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Hyo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Jang
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Shoon Yoon
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seob Gwak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Yoo Jung Yi
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hee Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Mook Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Ryu
- Acupuncture, Moxibustion & Meridian Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Roh
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- College of Biomedical Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongbuk 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (C.H.Y.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (C.H.Y.); (H.Y.K.)
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Acupuncture on the Stress-Related Drug Relapse to Seeking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5367864. [PMID: 30416533 PMCID: PMC6207895 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5367864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disease, which causes serious social and economic problems. The most important trial for the successful treatment of drug addiction is to prevent the high rate of relapse to drug-seeking behaviors. Opponent process as a motivational theory with excessive drug seeking in the negative reinforcement of drug dependence reflects both loss of brain reward system and recruitment of brain stress system. The negative emotional state produced by brain stress system during drug withdrawal might contribute to the intense drug craving and drive drug-seeking behaviors via negative reinforcement mechanisms. Decrease in dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens and recruitment of corticotropin-releasing factor in the extended amygdala are hypothesized to be implicated in mediating this motivated behavior. Also, a brain stress response system is hypothesized to increase drug craving and contribute to relapse to drug-seeking behavior during the preoccupation and anticipation stage of dependence caused by the exposure to stress characterized as the nonspecific responses to any demands on the body. Acupuncture has proven to be effective for reducing drug addiction and stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, acupuncture has been shown to correct reversible brain malfunctions by regulating drug addiction and stress-related neurotransmitters. Accordingly, it seems reasonable to propose that acupuncture attenuates relapse to drug-seeking behavior through inhibition of stress response. In this review, a brief description of stress in relapse to drug-seeking behavior and the effects of acupuncture were presented.
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Choi YJ, Kim NJ, Zhao RJ, Kim DH, Yang CH, Kim HY, Gwak YS, Jang EY, Kim JS, Lee YK, Lee HJ, Lee SN, Lim SC, Lee BH. Acupuncture suppresses intravenous methamphetamine self-administration through GABA receptor's mediation. Neurosci Lett 2017; 662:65-70. [PMID: 29030218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methamphetamine is one of the widely abused drugs. In spite of a number of studies, there is still little successful therapy to suppress the methamphetamine abuse. Acupuncture has shown to attenuate the reinforcing effects of psychostimulant. Based on, the present study investigated if acupuncture could suppress intravenous methamphetamine self-administration behavior. In addition, a possible neuronal mechanism was investigated. MATERIALS & METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 270-300g were trained to intake food pellet. After catheter implantation, animal was trained to self-administer methamphetamine (0.05mg/kg) intravenously using fixed ratio 1 schedule in daily 2h session during 3 weeks. After training, rats who established baseline (infusion variation less than 20% of the mean for 3 consecutive days) received acupuncture treatment on the next day. Acupuncture was performed at each acupoint manually. In the second experiment, the selective antagonists of GABAA or GABAB receptor were given before acupuncture to investigate the possible neuronal involvement of GABA receptor pathway in the acupuncture effects. C-Fos expression was examined in the nucleus accumbens to support behavioral data. RESULTS Acupuncture at HT7, but not at control acupoint LI5, reduced the self-administration behavior significantly. Also, the effects of acupuncture were blocked by the GABA receptor antagonists. C-Fos expression was shown to be parallel with the behavioral data. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study have shown that acupuncture at HT7 suppressed methamphetamine self-administration through GABA receptor system, suggesting that acupuncture at HT7 can be a useful therapy for the treatment of methamphetamine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jeong Choi
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Jun Kim
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Rong Jie Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161006, China
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Young S Gwak
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jong Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Nam Lee
- Department of Qigong, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea.
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Mechanical Stimulation of the HT7 Acupuncture Point to Reduce Ethanol Self-Administration in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [PMID: 28638432 PMCID: PMC5468558 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6578621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Alcoholism, which is a disabling addiction disorder, is a major public health problem worldwide. The present study was designed to determine whether the application of acupuncture at the Shenmen (HT7) point suppresses voluntary alcohol consumption in addicted rats and whether this suppressive effect is potentiated by the administration of naltrexone. Methods Rats were initially trained to self-administer a sucrose solution by operating a lever. A mechanical acupuncture instrument (MAI) for objective mechanical stimulation was used on rats whose baseline response had been determined. In addition, the effect of HT7 acupuncture on beta-endorphin concentration and ethanol intake via naltrexone were investigated in different groups. Results We found that ethanol intake and beta-endorphin level in rats being treated with the MAI at the HT7 point reduced significantly. The treatment of naltrexone at high doses reduced the ethanol intake and low-dose injection of naltrexone in conjunction with the MAI also suppressed ethanol intake. Conclusions The results of the current study indicate that using the MAI at the HT7 point effectively reduces ethanol consumption in rats. Furthermore, the coadministration of the MAI and a low dose of naltrexone can produce some more potent reducing effect of ethanol intake than can acupuncture alone.
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Hierarchical Micro/Nano-Porous Acupuncture Needles Offering Enhanced Therapeutic Properties. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34061. [PMID: 27713547 PMCID: PMC5054419 DOI: 10.1038/srep34061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention has been widely used for treatment of many pathophysiological disorders. For achieving improved therapeutic effects, relatively thick acupuncture needles have been frequently used in clinical practice with, in turn, enhanced stimulation intensity. However due to the discomforting nature of the larger-diameter acupuncture needles there is considerable interest in developing advanced acupuncture therapeutical techniques that provide more comfort with improved efficacy. So motivated, we have developed a new class of acupuncture needles, porous acupuncture needles (PANs) with hierarchical micro/nano-scale conical pores upon the surface, fabricated via a simple and well known electrochemical process, with surface area approximately 20 times greater than conventional acupuncture needles. The performance of these high-surface-area PANs is evaluated by monitoring the electrophysiological and behavioral responses from the in vivo stimulation of Shenmen (HT7) points in Wistar rats, showing PANs to be more effective in controlling electrophysiological and behavioral responses than conventional acupuncture needles. Comparative analysis of cocaine induced locomotor activity using PANs and thick acupuncture needles shows enhanced performance of PANs with significantly less pain sensation. Our work offers a unique pathway for achieving a comfortable and improved acupuncture therapeutic effect.
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Combined approaches for the relief of spinal cord injury-induced neuropathic pain. Complement Ther Med 2016; 25:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Acupuncture Suppresses Morphine Craving in Progressive Ratio Through the GABA System. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2015; 8:175-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Zhao Z, Kim SC, Zhao R, Wu Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Kim YW, Zhu X, Gu C, Lee CW, Lee BH, Jang EY, Ko HL, Yang CH. The tegmental–accumbal dopaminergic system mediates the anxiolytic effect of acupuncture during ethanol withdrawal. Neurosci Lett 2015; 597:143-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Acupuncture as a Treatment for Substance Abuse in Pediatric Patients. Subst Abus 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1951-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Golianu B, Seybold J, Almgren C. Acupuncture Helps Reduce Need for Sedative Medications in Neonates and Infants Undergoing Treatment in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Case Series. Med Acupunct 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/acu.2014.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Golianu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeannie Seybold
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Lu B, Ma Z, Cheng F, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Mao H, Shen X, Liu S. Effects of electroacupuncture on ethanol-induced impairments of spatial learning and memory and Fos expression in the hippocampus in rats. Neurosci Lett 2014; 576:62-7. [PMID: 24923763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that alcohol impairs spatial learning and memory. Here, we investigated the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 or nonacupoint on ethanol-induced learning and memory impairment and the expression of Fos in the hippocampus. Ethanol (5g/kg) was administered intragastrically once a day for 5 consecutive days; 2Hz EA was administered immediately after ethanol exposure. After a 2-day ethanol abstinence, for 6 consecutive days, the rats were submitted to Morris water maze training. Probe trials were performed on 1 day after the final training session. We also applied immunohistochemistry to detect Fos-positive nuclei in the hippocampus. We found that 5-day ethanol exposure markedly decreased spatial learning and memory abilities in the Morris water maze task as indicated by escape latency and time in the target quadrant. EA treatment shortened the time of reaching platform and increased times traveled in the target quadrant (P<0.05). Animals administered with ethanol emitted significantly fewer Fos expression in the hippocampal CA1 area. EA increased Fos expression in the hippocampal CA1 area. Significant correlations were obtained between Fos protein expression in CA1 and time in the target quadrant. Altogether, these results suggest that EA protects against ethanol-induced impairments of spatial learning and memory, which may be involved in the hippocampal CA1 area. EA treatment may provide a novel nonpharmacological strategy for ethanol-induced learning and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijuan Mao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xueyong Shen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Bergdahl L, Berman AH, Haglund K. Patients' experience of auricular acupuncture during protracted withdrawal. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2014; 21:163-9. [PMID: 23230968 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades interest in using auricular acupuncture for substance dependence care has increased. The specific auricular acupuncture protocol used follows the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) definition. This paper describes patients' experiences of receiving auricular acupuncture during protracted withdrawal. Interviews were conducted with 15 patients treated at an outpatient clinic for substance dependence. Content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. The analysis resulted in seven categories of positive experiences and seven categories of negative experiences. The positive experiences were: Relaxation and well-being, Peacefulness and harmony, New behaviours, Positive physical impact, Importance of context, Anxiety reduction and Reduced drug and alcohol consumption. The negative experiences were: Nothing negative, Disturbing context, Short-term effect, Depending on someone else, Time-consuming, Physical distractions and Remaining cravings. The conclusion of this study is that all respondents appreciated NADA treatment. This study supports further research on using NADA in addiction treatment to reduce suffering during protracted withdrawal and in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bergdahl
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Amygdaloid Corticotropin-releasing Factor is Involved in the Anxiolytic Effect of Acupuncture during Ethanol Withdrawal in Rats. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2013; 6:234-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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20
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Lee BH, Lim SC, Jeon HJ, Kim JS, Lee YK, Lee HJ, In S, Kim HY, Yoon SS, Yang CH. Acupuncture suppresses reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior induced by a complex cue in rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 548:126-31. [PMID: 23693124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Morphine causes physical and psychological dependence for individuals after repeated-use. Above all, our previous study showed that acupuncture attenuated reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior induced by pharmacological cue. In this study, we investigated whether acupuncture could suppress the reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior induced by the combination of environmental and pharmacological cues and the possible neuronal involvement. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer morphine (1.0 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. Following the withdrawal phase (7 days), the effects of acupuncture on reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior were investigated. For the investigation of neuronal involvement, the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline and the GABAB receptor antagonist SCH 50911 were pre-treated. Morphine-seeking behavior induced by combination of re-exposure to the operant chamber and morphine injection was suppressed perfectly by acupuncture at SI5, but not at the control acupoint LI5 and this effect was blocked by pre-treatment with the GABA receptor antagonists. This study suggests that acupuncture at SI5 can be considered as a predominant therapy for the reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Hyo Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, South Korea.
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Abstract
Insomnia appears to be a fast-spreading problem in the modern days, which not only affects people's living quality but also impairs people's working efficiency even causing disability. Pharmacological treatment is effective but frequently with significant side effects. Acupuncture is traditionally used for the treatment of insomnia in China and now is widely accepted in the Western countries. Many research works on clinical applications of acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia and the potential mechanisms underlying the acupuncture treatment have been reported. This chapter will try to provide a systematic review on the research findings. A number of clinical studies, mainly randomized controlled clinical trials, have shown positive effects in acupuncture treatment of insomnia. Some of the studies demonstrated that acupuncture treatment appeared to be better than conventional pharmacological drugs in the improvement of insomnia. These encouraging findings are limited by the qualities problems of the methodology used in these clinical studies. The clinical efficacy of acupuncture appeared to be supported by evidence obtained from basic neuroendocrinological studies. A number of studies have demonstrated that acupuncture may modulate a wide range of neuroendocrinological factors following stimulation of acupoints. Evidence has suggested that the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in treatment of insomnia is potentially mediated by a variety of neurotransmitters including norepinephrine, melatonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and β-endorphin. However, due to the complexity, these findings are far from conclusive. More research is necessary. More rigors methodology and integrated approach to evaluate both clinical and basic research evidence are required for future studies.
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Pilkington K. Acupuncture Therapy for Psychiatric Illness. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 111:197-216. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411545-3.00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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23
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Acupuncture at SI5 attenuates morphine seeking behavior after extinction. Neurosci Lett 2012; 529:23-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Electroacupuncture reverses ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization and subsequent pERK expression in mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:1121-33. [PMID: 21859515 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145711001325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays a role in neuronal changes induced by repeated drug exposure. Given that electroacupuncture reverses locomotor sensitization induced by ethanol, we investigated whether this effect is parallel to ERK signalling. Mice received daily ethanol (2 g/kg i.p), for 21 d. Electroacupuncture was performed daily, during four (subsequent) days of ethanol withdrawal. The stimulus of 2 Hz or 100 Hz was provided in combinations of two acupoints: Ea1 (ST-36/Zusanli and PC-6/Neiguan) or Ea2 (Du-14/Dazhui and Du-20/Baihui). The specificity of acupoint effects were assessed by the inclusion of additional groups: Ea3 (ST-25/Tianshu--acupoint used for other non-related disorders), Sham1 or Sham2 (transdermic stimulation near the respective acupoints). The control group was only handled during withdrawal and the saline group was chronically treated with saline and handled similarly to controls. At day 5 of withdrawal, each group was divided in two subgroups, according to the presence or absence of ethanol challenge. The animals were perfused and their brains processed for pERK immunohistochemistry. Only Ea1 at 100 Hz (Ea1_100) and Ea2 at 2 Hz (Ea2_2) reversed locomotor sensitization induced by ethanol. Ethanol withdrawal decreases pERK in the dorsomedial striatum. This decrease is not abolished by electroacupuncture. Conversely, ethanol challenge increases pERK in the dorsomedial striatum, infralimbic cortex and central nucleus of amygdala. The specificity of acupoint stimulation to reverse these increases was seen only for Ea2_2, in the infralimbic cortex and dorsomedial striatum. Therefore, behavioural effects of Ea2_2 (but not Ea1_100) depend, at least in part, on ERK signalling.
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Fu JY, Zhang X, Zhao YH, Tong HF, Chen DZ, Huang MH. Scientific production and citation impact: a bibliometric analysis in acupuncture over three decades. Scientometrics 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-012-0737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lee JH, Kim HY, Jang EY, Choi SH, Han CH, Lee BH, Yang CH. Effect of acupuncture on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-experienced rats: The mediation of GABA receptors. Neurosci Lett 2011; 504:301-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Zhao ZL, Zhao GW, Li HZ, Yang XD, Wu YY, Lin F, Guan LX, Zhai FG, Liu JQ, Yang CH, Kim SC, Kim KW, Zhao RJ. Acupuncture Attenuates Anxiety-Like Behavior by Normalizing Amygdaloid Catecholamines during Ethanol Withdrawal in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:429843. [PMID: 21869897 PMCID: PMC3159395 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated acupuncture at acupoint HT7 (Shen-Men) attenuated ethanol withdrawal syndrome by normalizing the dopamine release in nucleus accumbens shell. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acupuncture on anxiety-like behavior in rats and its relevant mechanism by studying neuro-endocrine parameters during ethanol withdrawal. Rats were treated with 3 g kg(-1)day(-1) of ethanol (20%, w/v) or saline by intraperitoneal injections for 28 days. The rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal exhibited anxiety-like behavior 72 h after the last dose of ethanol characterized by the decrease of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze compared with the saline-treated rats (P < .05). Radioimmunoassay exhibited there were notably increased concentrations of plasma corticosterone in ethanol-withdrawn rats compared with saline-treated rats (P < .05). Additionally, high performance liquid chromatography analysis also showed the levels of norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol were markedly increased while the levels of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were significantly decreased in the central nucleus of the amygdala of ethanol-withdrawn rats compared with saline-treated rats (P < .01). Acupuncture groups were treated with acupuncture at acupoint HT7 or PC6 (Nei-Guan). Acupuncture at HT7 but not PC6 greatly attenuated the anxiety-like behavior during ethanol withdrawal as evidenced by significant increases in the percentage of time spent in open arms (P < .05). In the meantime, acupuncture at HT7 also markedly inhibited the alterations of neuro-endocrine parameters induced by ethanol withdrawal (P < .05). These results suggest that acupuncture may attenuate anxiety-like behavior during ethanol withdrawal through regulation of neuro-endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
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