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Barbaresi P, Fabri M, Lorenzi T, Sagrati A, Morroni M. Intrinsic organization of the corpus callosum. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1393000. [PMID: 39035452 PMCID: PMC11259024 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1393000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum-the largest commissural fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres-is considered essential for bilateral sensory integration and higher cognitive functions. Most studies exploring the corpus callosum have examined either the anatomical, physiological, and neurochemical organization of callosal projections or the functional and/or behavioral aspects of the callosal connections after complete/partial callosotomy or callosal lesion. There are no works that address the intrinsic organization of the corpus callosum. We review the existing information on the activities that take place in the commissure in three sections: I) the topographical and neurochemical organization of the intracallosal fibers, II) the role of glia in the corpus callosum, and III) the role of the intracallosal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Barbaresi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mara Fabri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Teresa Lorenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sagrati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Manrico Morroni
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ancona, Italy
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2
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Miao Z, Li Y, Mao F, Zhang J, Sun ZS, Wang Y. Prenatal witness stress induces intergenerational anxiety-like behaviors and altered gene expression profiles in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2022; 202:108857. [PMID: 34728220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal cues imposed on an organism can exert long-term and even cross-generational influences on the physiology and behaviors. To date, numerous rodent models have been developed to mimic the effects of prenatal physical stress on offspring. Whether psychological stress during gestation exerts adverse influences on offspring remains investigated. Here, we report that prenatal witnessing the defeat process of the mated partner induces anxiety-like behaviors in F1 male, but not female offspring. These abnormal behaviors were not present in the F2 generation, indicating a sex-specific intergenerational effects. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling identified 71 up-regulated and 120 down-regulated genes shared in F0 maternal and F1 male hippocampus. F0 and F1 hippocampi also shared witness stress-sensitive and -resistant genes. Whole transcriptome comparison reveals that F1 dentate gyrus showed differential expression profiles from hippocampus. Few differentially expressed genes were identified in the dentate gyrus of F1 stress female mice, explaining why females were resistant to the stress. Finally, candidate drugs as the potential treatment for psychological stress were predicted according to transcriptional signatures, including the histone deacetylase inhibitor and dopamine receptor agonist. Our work provides a new model for better understanding the molecular basis of prenatal psychological stress, highlighting the complexity of stress and sex factors on emotion and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Miao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengbiao Mao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Arasaratnam CJ, Singh-Bains MK, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM. Neuroimaging and neuropathology studies of X-linked dystonia parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105186. [PMID: 33227492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism (XDP) is a recessive, genetically inherited neurodegenerative disorder endemic to Panay Island in the Philippines. Clinical symptoms include the initial appearance of dystonia, followed by parkinsonian traits after 10-15 years. The basal ganglia, particularly the striatum, is an area of focus in XDP neuropathology research, as the striatum shows marked atrophy that correlates with disease progression. Thus, XDP shares features of Parkinson's disease symptomatology, in addition to the genetic predisposition and presence of striatal atrophy resembling Huntington's disease. However, further research is required to reveal the detailed pathology and indicators of disease in the XDP brain. First, there are limited neuropathological studies that have investigated neuronal changes and neuroinflammation in the XDP brain. However, multiple neuroimaging studies on XDP patients provide clues to other affected brain regions. Furthermore, molecular pathological studies have elucidated that the main genetic cause of XDP is in the TAF-1 gene, but how this mutation relates to XDP neuropathology still remains to be fully investigated. Hence, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the current literature describing neuropathological changes within the XDP brain, and discuss future research avenues, which will provide a better understanding of XDP neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Arasaratnam
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Malvindar K Singh-Bains
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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4
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Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and for events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and chronic kidney disease and is a major determinant of disability-adjusted life-years. Despite the importance of hypertension, the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, which involves the complex interaction of several mechanisms, is still poorly understood. Evidence suggests that interplay between bone marrow, microglia and immune mediators underlies the development of arterial hypertension, in particular through mechanisms involving cytokines and peptides, such as neuropeptide Y, substance P, angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7). Chronic psychological stress also seems to have a role in increasing the risk of hypertension, probably through the activation of neuroimmune pathways. In this Review, we summarize the available data on the possible role of neuroimmune crosstalk in the origin and maintenance of arterial hypertension and discuss the implications of this crosstalk for recovery and rehabilitation after cardiac and cerebral injuries.
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5
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Dehghani R, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. MicroRNA in Alzheimer's disease revisited: implications for major neuropathological mechanisms. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:161-182. [PMID: 28941357 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) goes far beyond neurotoxicity resulting from extracellular deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques. Aberrant cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and accumulation of Aβ in the form of the plaque or neurofibrillary tangles are the known primary culprits of AD pathogenesis and target for various regulatory mechanisms. Hyper-phosphorylation of tau, a major component of neurofibrillary tangles, precipitates its aggregation and prevents its clearance. Lipid particles, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein receptors can act in favor or against Aβ and tau accumulation by altering neural membrane characteristics or dynamics of transport across the blood-brain barrier. Lipids also alter the oxidative/anti-oxidative milieu of the central nervous system (CNS). Irregular cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial stress and apoptosis, which follow both, are also implicated in AD-related neuronal loss. Dysfunction in synaptic transmission and loss of neural plasticity contribute to AD. Neuroinflammation is a final trail for many of the pathologic mechanisms while playing an active role in initiation of AD pathology. Alterations in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD and their relevance to AD pathology have long been a focus of interest. Herein we focused on the precise pathomechanisms of AD in which miRNAs were implicated. We performed literature search through PubMed and Scopus using the search term: ('Alzheimer Disease') OR ('Alzheimer's Disease') AND ('microRNAs' OR 'miRNA' OR 'MiR') to reach for relevant articles. We show how a limited number of common dysregulated pathways and abnormal mechanisms are affected by various types of miRNAs in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Dehghani
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Students Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
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6
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Wanowska E, Kubiak MR, Rosikiewicz W, Makałowska I, Szcześniak MW. Natural antisense transcripts in diseases: From modes of action to targeted therapies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2018; 9:e1461. [PMID: 29341438 PMCID: PMC5838512 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antisense transcription is a widespread phenomenon in mammalian genomes, leading to production of RNAs molecules referred to as natural antisense transcripts (NATs). NATs apply diverse transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms to carry out a wide variety of biological roles that are important for the normal functioning of living cells, but their dysfunctions can be associated with human diseases. In this review, we attempt to provide a molecular basis for the involvement of NATs in the etiology of human disorders such as cancers and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the pros and cons of oligonucleotide-based therapies targeted against NATs, and we comment on state-of-the-art progress in this promising area of clinical research. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1461. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1461 This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule-RNA Interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wanowska
- Institute of Antropology, Laboratory of Integrative GenomicsAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland
| | - Magdalena Regina Kubiak
- Institute of Antropology, Laboratory of Integrative GenomicsAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Institute of Antropology, Laboratory of Integrative GenomicsAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland
| | - Izabela Makałowska
- Institute of Antropology, Laboratory of Integrative GenomicsAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland
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7
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Andersen RE, Lim DA. Forging our understanding of lncRNAs in the brain. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:55-71. [PMID: 29079882 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During both development and adulthood, the human brain expresses many thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and aberrant lncRNA expression has been associated with a wide range of neurological diseases. Although the biological significance of most lncRNAs remains to be discovered, it is now clear that certain lncRNAs carry out important functions in neurodevelopment, neural cell function, and perhaps even diseases of the human brain. Given the relatively inclusive definition of lncRNAs-transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with essentially no protein coding potential-this class of noncoding transcript is both large and very diverse. Furthermore, emerging data indicate that lncRNA genes can act via multiple, non-mutually exclusive molecular mechanisms, and specific functions are difficult to predict from lncRNA expression or sequence alone. Thus, the different experimental approaches used to explore the role of a lncRNA might each shed light upon distinct facets of its overall molecular mechanism, and combining multiple approaches may be necessary to fully illuminate the function of any particular lncRNA. To understand how lncRNAs affect brain development and neurological disease, in vivo studies of lncRNA function are required. Thus, in this review, we focus our discussion upon a small set of neural lncRNAs that have been experimentally manipulated in mice. Together, these examples illustrate how studies of individual lncRNAs using multiple experimental approaches can help reveal the richness and complexity of lncRNA function in both neurodevelopment and diseases of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Andersen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Ray and Dagmar Dolby Regeneration Medicine Building, 35 Medical Center Way, RMB 1037, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Ray and Dagmar Dolby Regeneration Medicine Building, 35 Medical Center Way, RMB 1037, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
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8
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Knockdown of long noncoding antisense RNA brain-derived neurotrophic factor attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced nerve cell apoptosis through the BDNF–TrkB–PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Neuroreport 2017; 28:910-916. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Anxiety-Related Behaviours Associated with microRNA-206-3p and BDNF Expression in Pregnant Female Mice Following Psychological Social Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1097-1111. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Brüggemann N, Heldmann M, Klein C, Domingo A, Rasche D, Tronnier V, Rosales RL, Jamora RDG, Lee LV, Münte TF. Neuroanatomical changes extend beyond striatal atrophy in X-linked dystonia parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 31:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Qiu B, Bell RL, Cao Y, Zhang L, Stewart RB, Graves T, Lumeng L, Yong W, Liang T. Npy deletion in an alcohol non-preferring rat model elicits differential effects on alcohol consumption and body weight. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:421-30. [PMID: 27461754 PMCID: PMC5055068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely expressed in the central nervous system and influences many physiological processes. It is located within the rat quantitative trait locus (QTL) for alcohol preference on chromosome 4. Alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats consume very little alcohol, but have significantly higher NPY expression in the brain than alcohol-preferring (P) rats. We capitalized on this phenotypic difference by creating an Npy knockout (KO) rat using the inbred NP background to evaluate NPY effects on alcohol consumption. Zinc finger nuclease (ZNF) technology was applied, resulting in a 26-bp deletion in the Npy gene. RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed the absence of Npy mRNA and protein in KO rats. Alcohol consumption was increased in Npy(+/-) but not Npy(-/-) rats, while Npy(-/-) rats displayed significantly lower body weight when compared to Npy(+/+) rats. In whole brain tissue, expression levels of Npy-related and other alcohol-associated genes, Npy1r, Npy2r, Npy5r, Agrp, Mc3r, Mc4r, Crh and Crh1r, were significantly greater in Npy(-/-) rats, whereas Pomc and Crhr2 expressions were highest in Npy(+/-) rats. These findings suggest that the NPY-system works in close coordination with the melanocortin (MC) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) systems to modulate alcohol intake and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qiu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; Experimental Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Robert B Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tamara Graves
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lawrence Lumeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Weidong Yong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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12
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Czarnecka M, Trinh E, Lu C, Kuan-Celarier A, Galli S, Hong SH, Tilan JU, Talisman N, Izycka-Swieszewska E, Tsuei J, Yang C, Martin S, Horton M, Christian D, Everhart L, Maheswaran I, Kitlinska J. Neuropeptide Y receptor Y5 as an inducible pro-survival factor in neuroblastoma: implications for tumor chemoresistance. Oncogene 2014; 34:3131-43. [PMID: 25132261 PMCID: PMC4333135 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor of neural crest origin with heterogeneous phenotypes. While low stage tumors carry a favorable prognosis, over 50% of high risk NB relapses after treatment with a fatal outcome. Thus, developing therapies targeting refractory NB remains an unsolved clinical problem. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its TrkB receptor are known to protect NB cells from chemotherapy-induced cell death, while neuropeptide Y (NPY), acting via its Y2 receptor (Y2R), is an autocrine proliferative and angiogenic factor crucial for maintaining NB tumor growth. Here, we show that in NB cells, BDNF stimulates the synthesis of NPY and induces expression of another one of its receptors, Y5R. In human NB tissues, the expression of NPY and Y5R positively correlated with the expression of BDNF and TrkB. Functionally, BDNF triggered Y5R internalization in NB cells, while Y5R antagonist inhibited BDNF-induced p44/42-MAPK activation and its pro-survival activity. These observations suggested TrkB-Y5R transactivation that resulted in cross-talk between their signaling pathways. Additionally, NPY and Y5R were up-regulated in a BDNF-independent manner in NB cells under pro-apoptotic conditions, such as serum deprivation and chemotherapy, as well as in cell lines and tissues derived from post-treatment NB tumors. Blocking Y5R in chemoresistant NB cells rich in this receptor sensitized them to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and inhibited their growth in vivo by augmenting cell death. In summary, the NPY/Y5R axis is an inducible survival pathway activated in NB by BDNF or cellular stress. Upon such activation, Y5R augments the pro-survival effect of BDNF via its interactions with TrkB receptor and exerts an additional BDNF-independent anti-apoptotic effect, both of which contribute to NB chemoresistance. Therefore, the NPY/Y5R pathway may become a novel therapeutic target for patients with refractory NB, thus far an incurable form of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - E Trinh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Lu
- McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Kuan-Celarier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S Galli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S-H Hong
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J U Tilan
- 1] Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA [2] Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - N Talisman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - E Izycka-Swieszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Tsuei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S Martin
- Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Horton
- Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Christian
- Department of Human Science, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L Everhart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - I Maheswaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Kitlinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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De Felice E, Porreca I, Alleva E, De Girolamo P, Ambrosino C, Ciriaco E, Germanà A, Sordino P. Localization of BDNF expression in the developing brain of zebrafish. J Anat 2014; 224:564-74. [PMID: 24588510 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is expressed in differentiating and post-mitotic neurons of the zebrafish embryo, where it has been implicated in Huntington's disease. Little is known, however, about the full complement of neuronal cell types that express BDNF in this important vertebrate model. Here, we further explored the transcriptional profiles during the first week of development using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH). RT-qPCR results revealed a high level of maternal contribution followed by a steady increase of zygotic transcription, consistent with the notion of a prominent role of BDNF in neuronal maturation and maintenance. Based on WISH, we demonstrate for the first time that BDNF expression in the developing brain of zebrafish is structure specific. Anatomical criteria and co-staining with genetic markers (shh, pax2a, emx1, krox20, lhx2b and lhx9) visualized major topological domains of BDNF-positive cells in the pallium, hypothalamus, posterior tuberculum and optic tectum. Moreover, the relative timing of BDNF transcription in the eye and tectum may illustrate a mechanism for coordinated development of the retinotectal system. Taken together, our results are compatible with a local delivery and early role of BDNF in the developing brain of zebrafish, adding basic knowledge to the study of neurotrophin functions in neural development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Felice
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy; Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Productions, Section of Morphology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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14
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Croce N, Gelfo F, Ciotti MT, Federici G, Caltagirone C, Bernardini S, Angelucci F. NPY modulates miR-30a-5p and BDNF in opposite direction in an in vitro model of Alzheimer disease: a possible role in neuroprotection? Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 376:189-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Modarresi F, Faghihi MA, Lopez-Toledano MA, Fatemi RP, Magistri M, Brothers SP, van der Brug MP, Wahlestedt C. Inhibition of natural antisense transcripts in vivo results in gene-specific transcriptional upregulation. Nat Biotechnol 2012; 30:453-9. [PMID: 22446693 PMCID: PMC4144683 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that natural antisense transcripts (NATs), which are abundant in mammalian genomes, can function as repressors of specific genomic loci and that their removal or inhibition by AntagoNAT oligonucleotides leads to transient and reversible upregulation of sense gene expression. As one example, we show that Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is under the control of a conserved noncoding antisense RNA transcript, BDNF-AS, both in vitro and in vivo. BDNF-AS tonically represses BDNF sense RNA transcription by altering chromatin structure at the BDNF locus, which in turn reduces endogenous BDNF protein and function. By providing additional and analogous examples of endogenous mRNA upregulation, we suggest that antisense RNA mediated transcriptional suppression is a common phenomenon. In sum, we demonstrate a novel pharmacological strategy by which endogenous gene expression can be upregulated in a locus-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Modarresi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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16
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Yoshimura R, Yamamoto E, Endo Y. Morphological effects of isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) on hypothalamic oxytocin neurons in the neonatal mouse brain slice cultures. Neurosci Lett 2011; 505:87-92. [PMID: 22001574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In adults, oxytocin (OXT) has various central functions including social behavior and reproduction. Many of these functions are steroid dependent and are also influenced by naturally occurring phytoestrogens, isoflavones (IFs). The aim of this study was, therefore, to clarify the effects of IFs on OXT neurons in the brain. In particular, the influence of IFs on the central OXT system of infant animal needs to be examined, because IFs are increasingly consumed for weaning as well as dietary supplements. We have morphologically analyzed the central OXT neurons in neonatal mice using slice cultures treated with IFs, daidzein (Ddz) and genistein (Gen). In the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of male mice, Gen decreased the size of OXT neurons, but not of female nor in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) of neither gender. In female PVN, Ddz and 17β-estradiol (E(2)) increased the frequencies of varicosity on neurites in small OXT neurons (<21μm diameter of cell body). Ddz and Gen, as well as E(2), induced prominent vacuolation of the OXT neurons more frequently in male than in female mice, and in SON than in PVN. Thus, IFs can modulate the hypothalamic OXT neurons and the effects are site-specific and sexually dimorphic, suggesting that neonatal exposure to IFs may modify such a steroid-dependent development of particular neural pathways, including OXT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Yoshimura
- Division of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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Croce N, Dinallo V, Ricci V, Federici G, Caltagirone C, Bernardini S, Angelucci F. Neuroprotective effect of neuropeptide Y against β-amyloid 25-35 toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells is associated with increased neurotrophin production. NEURODEGENER DIS 2011; 8:300-9. [PMID: 21346312 DOI: 10.1159/000323468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the central nervous system, several neuropeptides are believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among them, neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a small peptide widely distributed throughout the brain, where it serves as a neurotransmitter and/or a modulator of several neuroendocrine functions. More recently, NPY has generated interest because of its role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity and modulation of neurogenesis. Interestingly, these effects are also influenced by neurotrophins, critical molecules for the function and survival of neurons that degenerate in AD. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to investigate whether NPY might be a neuroprotective agent in AD and whether neurotrophins are involved in NPY-induced neuroprotection. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we exposed the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line to toxic concentrations of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide fragment 25-35 (Aβ(25-35)) and measured cell survival and neurotrophin expression before and after a preincubation with NPY in the growth medium. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that preincubation with NPY prevented cell loss due to the toxic effect of Aβ(25-35). Moreover, while intracellular production of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were reduced by Aβ, NPY restored or even increased neurotrophin protein and mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrates that NPY increases the survival of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and counteracts the toxic effect of Aβ. In addition, NPY restores the neurotrophin levels in these cells. Although preliminary, these observations might be useful to understand the pathology of Alzheimer's and/or develop new therapeutic strategies.
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