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Miguel PM, Deniz BF, Confortim HD, de Almeida W, Bronauth LP, Vieira MC, Bertoldi K, Siqueira IR, Silveira PP, Pereira LO. Methylphenidate treatment increases hippocampal BDNF levels but does not improve memory deficits in hypoxic-ischemic rats. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:750-758. [PMID: 32255391 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120913153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulant drug mainly prescribed to treat cognitive impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We demonstrated that neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) induced attentional deficits in rats and MPH administration reversed these deficits. However, MPH effects on memory deficits after the HI procedure have not been evaluated yet. AIMS We aimed to analyze learning and memory performance of young hypoxic-ischemic rats after MPH administration and associate their performance with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=11-13/group): control saline (CTS), control MPH (CTMPH), HI saline (HIS) and HIMPH. The HI procedure was conducted at post-natal day (PND) 7 and memory tasks between PND 30 and 45. MPH administration (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) occurred 30 min prior to each behavioral session and daily, for 15 days, for the BDNF assay (n=5-7/group). RESULTS As expected, hypoxic-ischemic animals demonstrated learning and memory deficits in the novel-object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. However, MPH treatment did not improve learning and memory deficits of these animals in the MWM-and even disrupted the animals' performance in the NOR task. Increased BDNF levels were found in the hippocampus of HIMPH animals, which seem to have been insufficient to improve memory deficits observed in this group. CONCLUSIONS The MPH treatment was not able to improve memory deficits resulting from the HI procedure considering a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Further studies investigating different MPH doses would be necessary to determine a dose-response relationship in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Maidana Miguel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Deola Confortim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wellington de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Loise Peres Bronauth
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Milene Cardoso Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karine Bertoldi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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2
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Leffa DT, Panzenhagen AC, Salvi AA, Bau CHD, Pires GN, Torres ILS, Rohde LA, Rovaris DL, Grevet EH. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the behavioral effects of methylphenidate in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:166-179. [PMID: 30826386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are the most widely used model for ADHD. While face and construct validity are consolidated, questions remain about the predictive validity of the SHR model. We aim at summarizing the evidence for the predictive validity of SHR by evaluating its ability to respond to methylphenidate (MPH), the most well documented treatment for ADHD. A systematic review was carried out to identify studies evaluating MPH effects on SHR behavior. Studies (n=36) were grouped into locomotion, attention, impulsivity or memory, and a meta-analysis was performed. Meta-regression, sensitivity, heterogeneity, and publication bias analyses were also conducted. MPH increased attentional and mnemonic performances in the SHR model and decreased impulsivity in a dose-dependent manner. However, MPH did not reduce hyperactivity in low and medium doses, while increased locomotor activity in high doses. Thus, since the paradoxical effect of stimulant in reducing hyperactivity was not observed in the SHR model, our study does not fully support the predictive validity of SHR, questioning their validity as an animal model for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas T Leffa
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical studies - Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alana C Panzenhagen
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Artur A Salvi
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical studies - Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel N Pires
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical studies - Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit - GPPG - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis A Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Brazil
| | - Diego L Rovaris
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Yan P, Xu D, Ji Y, Yin F, Cui J, Su R, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Wei S, Lai J. LiCl Pretreatment Ameliorates Adolescent Methamphetamine Exposure-Induced Long-Term Alterations in Behavior and Hippocampal Ultrastructure in Adulthood in Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:303-316. [PMID: 30649326 PMCID: PMC6441133 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent methamphetamine exposure causes a broad range of neurobiological deficits in adulthood. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β is involved in various cognitive and behavioral processes associated with methamphetamine exposure. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor lithium chloride on adolescent methamphetamine exposure-induced long-term alterations in emotion, cognition, behavior, and molecule and hippocampal ultrastructure in adulthood. METHODS A behavioral test battery was used to investigate the protective effects of lithium chloride on adolescent methamphetamine exposure-induced long-term emotional, cognitive, and behavioral impairments in mice. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. Electron microscopy was used to analyze changes in synaptic ultrastructure in the dorsal hippocampus. Locomotor sensitization with a methamphetamine (1 mg/kg) challenge was examined 80 days after adolescent methamphetamine exposure. RESULTS Adolescent methamphetamine exposure induced long-term alterations in locomotor activity, novel spatial exploration, and social recognition memory; increases in glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity in dorsal hippocampus; and decreases in excitatory synapse density and postsynaptic density thickness in CA1. These changes were ameliorated by lithium chloride pretreatment. Adolescent methamphetamine exposure-induced working memory deficits in Y-maze spontaneous alternation test and anxiety-like behavior in elevated-plus maze test spontaneously recovered after long-term methamphetamine abstinence. No significant locomotor sensitization was observed after long-term methamphetamine abstinence. CONCLUSIONS Hyperactive glycogen synthase kinase-3β contributes to adolescent chronic methamphetamine exposure-induced behavioral and hippocampal impairments in adulthood. Our results suggest glycogen synthase kinase-3β may be a potential target for the treatment of deficits in adulthood associated with adolescent methamphetamine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyuan Yin
- College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Su
- College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Wei
- College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Shuguang Wei, PhD, College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China (); and Jianghua Lai, PhD, College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China ()
| | - Jianghua Lai
- College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Shuguang Wei, PhD, College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China (); and Jianghua Lai, PhD, College of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China ()
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Repeated Acquisition in the Morris Swim Task: Effects of MDMA, Methamphetamine and Methylphenidate. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2014; 64:143-150. [PMID: 24976647 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-014-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine (MA) and methylphenidate (MPD) were studied using a within-subject, repeated acquisition/performance procedure adapted to the Morris Swim Task. To investigate place learning, the acquisition component consisted of a hidden platform that varied in location across experimental sessions. As a control for drug effects not specific to acquisition, a performance component was included in which the hidden platform was in the same pool location in every experimental session. All three drugs increased escape latencies and swim distances in dose-dependent fashion. However, impairment in the acquisition component was generally observed only at doses that also produced impairment in the performance component, suggesting that effects were not selective to place learning. None of the drugs produced enhancement of learning or performance at any dose. Taken together, the results suggest that acute exposure to these psychomotor stimulants produce global impairment of performance in the Morris task, rather than specific deficits in place learning.
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Carmack SA, Block CL, Howell KK, Anagnostaras SG. Methylphenidate enhances acquisition and retention of spatial memory. Neurosci Lett 2014; 567:45-50. [PMID: 24680747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulants containing methylphenidate (MPH) are increasingly being used both on and off-label to enhance learning and memory. Still, almost no studies have investigated MPH's ability to specifically improve spatial or long-term memory. Here we examined the effect of training with 1 or 10mg/kg MPH on hidden platform learning in the Morris water maze. 10mg/kg MPH improved memory acquisition and retention, while 1mg/kg MPH improved memory retention. Taken together with prior evidence that low, clinically relevant, doses of MPH (0.01-1mg/kg MPH) enhance fear memory we conclude that MPH broadly enhances memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Carmack
- Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego 92093-0109, United States
| | - Carina L Block
- Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego 92093-0109, United States
| | - Kristin K Howell
- Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego 92093-0109, United States
| | - Stephan G Anagnostaras
- Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego 92093-0109, United States; Program in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego 92093-0109, United States.
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Changes of synaptic ultrastructure in the guinea pig interpositus nuclei associate with response magnitude and timing after trace eyeblink conditioning. Behav Brain Res 2011; 226:529-37. [PMID: 22019363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Learning-induced changes of synaptic ultrastructure have long been proposed as a mechanism that may contribute to support memory formation. Although recent studies have demonstrated that the interpositus nuclei (IN) play critical role in acquisition and retention of trace conditioned eyeblink responses (CRs), there is now limited evidence associating trace eyeblink conditioning with changes of synaptic ultrastructure in the IN. Here, we investigated this issue using a transmission electron microscope. Adult guinea pigs were randomly allocated to either a trace-paired, delay-paired, unpaired or exposure-only condition. The IN tissue was taken for morphological analysis 1h after the completion of the tenth training session. Serial section analysis of synaptic ultrastructure revealed that trace eyeblink conditioning induced increases in the thickness of excitatory PSD. Classification of the synapses into shape subtypes indicated that the increased thickness of excitatory PSD was mainly attributable to increase in the concave- and convex-shaped synapses. On the contrary, trace eyeblink conditioning resulted in decreases in the thickness of inhibitory PSD. Specifically, these significant changes of PSD thickness were limited to occur in the animals with good behavioral performance. Further analysis of correlations between the trace CR performance and synaptic ultrastructural modifications showed that the thickness of excitatory PSD within the IN correlated with the peak amplitude of trace CRs, whereas the thickness of inhibitory PSD correlated with the onset latency. The present findings suggest that trace eyeblink conditioning induces structural plasticity in the IN, which may play a crucial role in acquiring and executing adaptive eyeblink movements.
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Meneses A, Ponce-Lopez T, Tellez R, Gonzalez R, Castillo C, Gasbarri A. Effects of d-amphetamine on short- and long-term memory in spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague-Dawley rats. Behav Brain Res 2010; 216:472-6. [PMID: 20813138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diverse studies indicate that the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with alterations in encoding processes, including working or short-term memory. Some ADHD dysfunctional domains are reflected in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Here SHR-saline group showed significantly poor STM and LTM relative to SD and WKY saline rats. SD and WKY rats treated with d-amphetamine displayed better STM and LTM, compared to SD-vehicle, WKY-vehicle or SHR-d-amphetamine groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meneses
- Department of Pharmacobiology, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico.
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