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Belpomme D, Irigaray P. Why electrohypersensitivity and related symptoms are caused by non-ionizing man-made electromagnetic fields: An overview and medical assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113374. [PMID: 35537497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Much of the controversy over the cause of electrohypersensitivity (EHS) lies in the absence of recognized clinical and biological criteria for a widely accepted diagnosis. However, there are presently sufficient data for EHS to be acknowledged as a distinctly well-defined and objectively characterized neurologic pathological disorder. Because we have shown that 1) EHS is frequently associated with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) in EHS patients, and 2) that both individualized disorders share a common pathophysiological mechanism for symptom occurrence; it appears that EHS and MCS can be identified as a unique neurologic syndrome, regardless their causal origin. In this overview we distinguish the etiology of EHS itself from the environmental causes that trigger pathophysiological changes and clinical symptoms after EHS has occurred. Contrary to present scientifically unfounded claims, we indubitably refute the hypothesis of a nocebo effect to explain the genesis of EHS and its presentation. We as well refute the erroneous concept that EHS could be reduced to a vague and unproven "functional impairment". To the contrary, we show here there are objective pathophysiological changes and health effects induced by electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in EHS patients and most of all in healthy subjects, meaning that excessive non-thermal anthropogenic EMFs are strongly noxious for health. In this overview and medical assessment we focus on the effects of extremely low frequencies, wireless communications radiofrequencies and microwaves EMF. We discuss how to better define and characterize EHS. Taken into consideration the WHO proposed causality criteria, we show that EHS is in fact causally associated with increased exposure to man-made EMF, and in some cases to marketed environmental chemicals. We therefore appeal to all governments and international health institutions, particularly the WHO, to urgently consider the growing EHS-associated pandemic plague, and to acknowledge EHS as a mainly new real EMF causally-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Belpomme
- Medical Oncology Department, Paris University, Paris, France; European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Irigaray
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), Brussels, Belgium
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Hu C, Zuo H, Li Y. Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Neurotransmitters in the Brain. Front Public Health 2021; 9:691880. [PMID: 34485223 PMCID: PMC8415840 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.691880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic information in the past 30 years, technical achievements based on electromagnetism have been widely used in various fields pertaining to human production and life. Consequently, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has become a substantial new pollution source in modern civilization. The biological effects of EMR have attracted considerable attention worldwide. The possible interaction of EMR with human organs, especially the brain, is currently where the most attention is focused. Many studies have shown that the nervous system is an important target organ system sensitive to EMR. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the neurobiological effects of EMR, including the metabolism and transport of neurotransmitters. As messengers of synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters play critical roles in cognitive and emotional behavior. Here, the effects of EMR on the metabolism and receptors of neurotransmitters in the brain are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Hu
- Anhui Medical University, Academy of Life Sciences, Hefei, China.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Anhui Medical University, Academy of Life Sciences, Hefei, China.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Bachmann M, Päeske L, Ioannides AA, Lass J, Hinrikus H. After-effect induced by microwave radiation in human electroencephalographic signal: a feasibility study. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:896-901. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1478164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maie Bachmann
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Laura Päeske
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andreas A. Ioannides
- Laboratory for Human Brain Dynamics, AAI Scientific Cultural Services Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jaanus Lass
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Hiie Hinrikus
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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Roggeveen S, van Os J, Lousberg R. Does the Brain Detect 3G Mobile Phone Radiation Peaks? An Explorative In-Depth Analysis of an Experimental Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125390. [PMID: 25962168 PMCID: PMC4427287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether third generation mobile phone radiation peaks result in event related potentials. Thirty-one healthy females participated. In this single-blind, cross-over design, a 15 minute mobile phone exposure was compared to two 15 minute sham phone conditions, one preceding and one following the exposure condition. Each participant was measured on two separate days, where mobile phone placement was varied between the ear and heart. EEG activity and radiofrequency radiation were recorded jointly. Epochs of 1200 ms, starting 200 ms before and lasting until 1000 ms after the onset of a radiation peak, were extracted from the exposure condition. Control epochs were randomly selected from the two sham phone conditions. The main a-priori hypothesis to be tested concerned an increase of the area in the 240-500 ms post-stimulus interval, in the exposure session with ear-placement. Using multilevel regression analyses the placement*exposure interaction effect was significant for the frontal and central cortical regions, indicating that only in the mobile phone exposure with ear-placement an enlarged cortical reactivity was found. Post-hoc analyses based on visual inspection of the ERPs showed a second significantly increased area between 500-1000 ms post-stimulus for almost every EEG location measured. It was concluded that, when a dialing mobile phone is placed on the ear, its radiation, although unconsciously, is electrically detected by the brain. The question of whether or not this cortical reactivity results in a negative health outcome has to be answered in future longitudinal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Roggeveen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
- King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richel Lousberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
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Eroglu D, Peron TKD, Marwan N, Rodrigues FA, Costa LDF, Sebek M, Kiss IZ, Kurths J. Entropy of weighted recurrence plots. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:042919. [PMID: 25375579 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.042919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Shannon entropy of a time series is a standard measure to assess the complexity of a dynamical process and can be used to quantify transitions between different dynamical regimes. An alternative way of quantifying complexity is based on state recurrences, such as those available in recurrence quantification analysis. Although varying definitions for recurrence-based entropies have been suggested so far, for some cases they reveal inconsistent results. Here we suggest a method based on weighted recurrence plots and show that the associated Shannon entropy is positively correlated with the largest Lyapunov exponent. We demonstrate the potential on a prototypical example as well as on experimental data of a chemical experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Eroglu
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany and Department of Physics, Humboldt University, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas K Dm Peron
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nobert Marwan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Francisco A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada e Estatística, Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação,Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 668,13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano da F Costa
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Sebek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, USA
| | - István Z Kiss
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, USA
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany and Department of Physics, Humboldt University, 12489 Berlin, Germany and Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
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Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Lass J. Parametric mechanism of excitation of the electroencephalographic rhythms by modulated microwave radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:1077-85. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.620063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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