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Qi M, Su X, Li Z, Huang H, Wang J, Lin N, Kong X. Bibliometric analysis of research progress on tetramethylpyrazine and its effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108656. [PMID: 38735486 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, natural products have attracted worldwide attention and become one of the most important resources for pharmacological industries and medical sciences to identify novel drug candidates for disease treatment. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid extracted from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., which has shown great therapeutic potential in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver and renal injury, as well as cancer. In this review, we analyzed 1270 papers published on the Web of Science Core Collection from 2002 to 2022 and found that TMP exerted significant protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that is the cause of pathological damages in a variety of conditions, such as ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, and liver transplantation. TMP is limited in clinical applications to some extent due to its rapid metabolism, a short biological half-life and poor bioavailability. Obviously, the structural modification, administration methods and dosage forms of TMP need to be further investigated in order to improve its bioavailability. This review summarizes the clinical applications of TMP, elucidates its potential mechanisms in protecting I/R injury, provides strategies to improve bioavailability, which presents a comprehensive understanding of the important compound. Hopefully, the information and knowledge from this review can help researchers and physicians to better improve the applications of TMP in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Qi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaohui Su
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhuohang Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Helan Huang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhao B. Preparation of drug-loaded microspheres with a core-shell structure using silk fibroin and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and their application. Biomed Mater Eng 2023; 34:503-523. [PMID: 37424458 DOI: 10.3233/bme-230012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in bone tissue engineering offer novel options for the regeneration of bone tissue. In the current clinical treatment, the method of accelerating bone tissue regeneration rate by promoting early angiogenesis has been widely accepted. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a long-acting slow-release system using the pro-angiogenic drug tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) and pro-osteogenic drug icariin (ICA), which can be administered locally to achieve the sequential release of TMPZ and ICA for better clinically efficiency in the treatment of bone defects. METHODS This study aimed to prepare microspheres with a core-shell structure using two polymers, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and silk fibroin, by coaxial electrostatic spraying. Based on the therapeutic model for bone defects, the pro-angiogenic drug TMPZ and pro-osteogenic drug ICA were encapsulated in the shell and core layers of the microspheres, respectively. Subsequently, TMPZ and ICA were released sequentially to promote early angiogenesis and late osteogenesis, respectively, at the site of the bone defect. The optimal preparation parameters for preparing the drug-loaded microspheres were identified using the univariate controlled variable method. Additionally, microsphere morphology and core-shell structure, such as physical properties, drug-loading properties, in vitro degradation and drug release patterns, were characterised using scanning electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS The microspheres prepared in this study were well-defined and had a core-shell structure. The hydrophilicity of the drug-loaded microspheres changed compared to the no-load microspheres. Furthermore, in vitro results indicated that the drug-loaded microspheres with high encapsulation and loading efficiencies exhibited good biodegradability and cytocompatibility, slowly releasing the drug for up to three months. CONCLUSION The development of the drug delivery system with a dual-step release mechanism has potential clinical applications and implications in the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Cen Y, Wang P, Gao F, Jing M, Zhang Z, Yi P, Zhang G, Sun Y, Wang Y. Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone activates hypoxia-inducible factor and regulates iron homeostasis to improve renal anemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:964234. [PMID: 36324690 PMCID: PMC9618660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.964234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal anemia is one of the most common complications of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease. Despite the progress made in recent years, there is still an urgent unmet clinical need for renal anemia treatment. In this research, we investigated the efficacy and mechanism of action of the novel tetramethylpyrazine nitrone (TBN). Animal models of anemia including the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the cisplatin (CDDP)-induced C57BL/6J mice are established to study the TBN's effects on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor and erythropoietin. To explore the mechanism of TBN's therapeutic effect on renal anemia, cobalt chloride (CoCl2) is used in Hep3B/HepG2 cells to simulate a hypoxic environment. TBN is found to increase the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α and HIF-2α under hypoxic conditions and reverse the reduction of HIFs expression caused by saccharate ferric oxide (SFO). TBN also positively regulates the AMPK pathway. TBN stimulates nuclear transcription and translation of erythropoietin by enhancing the stability of HIF-1α expression. TBN has a significant regulatory effect on several major biomarkers of iron homeostasis, including ferritin, ferroportin (FPN), and divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1). In conclusion, TBN regulates the AMPK/mTOR/4E-BP1/HIFs pathway, and activates the hypoxia-inducible factor and regulates iron homeostasis to improve renal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peile Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Jing
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yi
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
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Feng Y, Wang K, Wang N, Jia P, Zhang L, Yuan H, Lu P, Lu Y, Zhang H, Li R, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhang P. Tetramethylpyrazine protects neural stem cells against sevoflurane-induced toxicity through Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2457-2466. [PMID: 35838869 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane, a commonly used anesthetic, has been found to cause neural stem cell (NSC) injury, thereby contributing to neurocognitive impairment following general anesthesia. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), one of the most widely used medicinal compounds isolated from a traditional Chinese herb, possess neuroprotective activity. However, its effect on sevoflurane-induced NSC injury remains unclear. NSCs were pretreated with indicated concentrations of TMP for 2 h and then exposed to sevoflurane for 6 h. Cell injury was measured using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Cell viability and proliferation were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, respectively. Apoptotic cells were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The levels of cleaved caspase-3, phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) were detected by western blotting. Our results showed exposure to sevoflurane decreased the viability and proliferation of NSCs, while TMP preserved NSC viability and proliferation after sevoflurane exposure. In addition, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells were markedly decreased in TMP-treated NSCs compared with the control. Furthermore, pretreatment with TMP significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3β in sevoflurane-injured NSCs. However, an upstream inhibitor of Akt, LY294002 abolished the protective of TMP on the cell viability of NSCs. In conclusion, these findings indicate that TMP protects NSCs from sevoflurane-induced toxicity through Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haozheng Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157# West 5 Road, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Li C, Cui Z, Deng S, Chen P, Li X, Yang H. The potential of plant extracts in cell therapy. STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY 2022; 13:472. [PMID: 36104798 PMCID: PMC9476258 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is the frontier technology of biotechnology innovation and the most promising method for the treatment of refractory diseases such as tumours. However, cell therapy has disadvantages, such as toxicity and poor therapeutic effects. Plant extracts are natural, widely available, and contain active small molecule ingredients that are widely used in the treatment of various diseases. By studying the effect of plant extracts on cell therapy, active plant extracts that have positive significance in cell therapy can be discovered, and certain contributions to solving the current problems of attenuation and adjuvant therapy in cell therapy can be made. Therefore, this article reviews the currently reported effects of plant extracts in stem cell therapy and immune cell therapy, especially the effects of plant extracts on the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and nerve stem cells and the potential role of plant extracts in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) and T-cell receptor modified T-cell immunotherapy (TCR-T), in the hope of encouraging further research and clinical application of plant extracts in cell therapy.
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Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113005. [PMID: 35483189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (known as Chuanxiong in China, CX) is one of the most widely used and long-standing medicinal herbs in China. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid and one of the active components of CX. Over the past few decades, TMP has been proven to possess several pharmacological properties. It has been used to treat a variety of diseases with excellent therapeutic effects. Here, the pharmacological characteristics and molecular mechanism of TMP in recent years are reviewed, with an emphasis on the signal-regulation mechanism of TMP. This review shows that TMP has many physiological functions, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis properties; autophagy regulation; vasodilation; angiogenesis regulation; mitochondrial damage suppression; endothelial protection; reduction of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells; and neuroprotection. At present, TMP is used in treating cardiovascular, nervous, and digestive system conditions, cancer, and other conditions and has achieved good curative effects. The therapeutic mechanism of TMP involves multiple targets, multiple pathways, and bidirectional regulation. TMP is, thus, a promising drug with great research potential.
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Design and Fabrication of Nanofibrous Dura Mater with Antifibrosis and Neuroprotection Effects on SH-SY5Y Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091882. [PMID: 35567051 PMCID: PMC9099771 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and treatment of some diseases, such as large-area cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, brain tumor, and craniocerebral trauma, which may involve the injury of the dura mater, elicit the need to repair this membrane by dural grafts. However, common dural grafts tend to result in dural adhesions and scar tissue and have no further neuroprotective effects. In order to reduce or avoid the complications of dural repair, we used PLGA, tetramethylpyrazine, and chitosan as raw materials to prepare a nanofibrous dura mater (NDM) with excellent biocompatibility and adequate mechanical characteristics, which can play a neuroprotective role and have an antifibrotic effect. We fabricated PLGA NDM by electrospinning, and then chitosan was grafted on the nanofibrous dura mater by the EDC-NHS cross-linking method to obtain PLGA/CS NDM. Then, we also prepared PLGA/TMP/CS NDM by coaxial electrospinning. Our study shows that the PLGA/TMP/CS NDM can inhibit the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts, as well as provide a sustained protective effect on the SH-SY5Y cells treated with oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). In conclusion, our study may provide a new alternative to dural grafts in undesirable cases of dural injuries.
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Yang S, Wu S, Dai W, Pang L, Xie Y, Ren T, Zhang X, Bi S, Zheng Y, Wang J, Sun Y, Zheng Z, Kong J. Tetramethylpyrazine: A Review of Its Antitumor Potential and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:764331. [PMID: 34975475 PMCID: PMC8716857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major public health threat. The mitigation of the associated morbidity and mortality remains a major research focus. From a molecular biological perspective, cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell division and abnormal cell growth caused by various gene mutations. Therefore, there remains an urgent need to develop safe and effective antitumor drugs. The antitumor effect of plant extracts, which are characterized by relatively low toxicity and adverse effect, has attracted significant attention. For example, increasing attention has been paid to the antitumor effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the active component of the Chinese medicine Chuanqiong, which can affect tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as reverse chemotherapeutic resistance in neoplasms, thereby triggering antitumor effects. Moreover, TMP can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to enhance their effects and reduce the side effect associated with chemotherapy. Herein, we review the antitumor effects of TMP to provide a theoretical basis and foundation for the further exploration of its underlying antitumor mechanisms and promoting its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuodong Wu
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanlin Dai
- Innovation Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwei Pang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaofeng Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tengqi Ren
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyuan Bi
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuyuan Zheng
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Kong,
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Chen B, An J, Guo YS, Tang J, Zhao JJ, Zhang R, Yang H. Tetramethylpyrazine induces the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs through activation of the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2429-2442. [PMID: 34374467 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidences suggest that transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can be therapeutically effective for central nervous system (CNS) injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. The therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs mainly attributes to their differentiation into neuron-like cells which replace injured and degenerative neurons. Importantly, the neurotrophic factors released from BM-MSCs can also rescue injured and degenerative neurons, which plays a biologically pivotal role in enhancing neuroregeneration and neurological functional recovery. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the main bioactive ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Chuanxiong, has been reported to promote the neuronal differentiation of BM-MSCs. This study aimed to investigate whether TMP regulates the release of neurotrophic factors from BM-MSCs. We examined the effect of TMP on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) released from BM-MSCs and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Our results demonstrated that TMP at concentrations of lower than 200 μM increased the release of BDNF in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the effect of TMP on increasing the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs was blocked by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathway. Therefore, we concluded that TMP could induce the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs through activation of the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway, leading to the formation of neuroprotective and proneurogenic microenvironment. These findings suggest that TMP possesses novel therapeutic potential to promote neuroprotection and neurogenesis through improving the neurotrophic ability of BM-MSCs, which provides a promising nutritional prevention and treatment strategy for CNS injuries and neurodegenerative diseases via the transplantation of TMP-treated BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing An
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Shan Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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An J, Chen B, Tian D, Guo Y, Yan Y, Yang H. Regulation of Neurogenesis and Neuronal Differentiation by Natural Compounds. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:756-771. [PMID: 34493197 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210907141447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal damage or degeneration is the main feature of neurological diseases. Regulation of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation is important in developing therapies to promote neuronal regeneration or synaptic network reconstruction. Neurogenesis is a multistage process in which neurons are generated and integrated into existing neuronal circuits. Neuronal differentiation is extremely complex because it can occur in different cell types and can be caused by a variety of inducers. Recently, natural compounds that induce neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation have attracted extensive attention. In this paper, the potential neural induction effects of medicinal plant-derived natural compounds on neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs), the cultured neuronal cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are reviewed. The natural compounds that are efficacious in inducing neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation include phenolic acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, glucosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, and others. They exert neural induction effects by regulating signal factors and cell-specific genes involved in the process of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, including specific proteins (β-tubulin III, MAP-2, tau, nestin, neurofilaments, GFAP, GAP-43, NSE), related genes and proteins (STAT3, Hes1, Mash1, NeuroD1, notch, cyclin D1, SIRT1, reggie-1), transcription factors (CREB, Nkx-2.5, Ngn1), neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF, NT-3) and signaling pathways (JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, GSK-3β/β-catenin, Ca2+/CaMKII/ATF1, Nrf2/HO-1, BMP). The natural compounds with neural induction effects are of great value for neuronal regenerative medicine and provide promising prevention and treatment strategies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| | - Ding Tian
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| | - Yunshan Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| | - Yuzhu Yan
- Clinical Lab, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
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Kahroba H, Ramezani B, Maadi H, Sadeghi MR, Jaberie H, Ramezani F. The role of Nrf2 in neural stem/progenitors cells: From maintaining stemness and self-renewal to promoting differentiation capability and facilitating therapeutic application in neurodegenerative disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101211. [PMID: 33186670 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) cause progressive loss of neurons in nervous system. NDs are categorized as acute NDs such as stroke and head injury, besides chronic NDs including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, Friedreich's Ataxia, Multiple Sclerosis. The exact etiology of NDs is not understood but oxidative stress, inflammation and synaptic dysfunction are main hallmarks. Oxidative stress leads to free radical attack on neural cells which contributes to protein misfolding, glia cell activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of DNA repair system and subsequently cellular death. Neural stem cells (NSCs) support adult neurogenesis in nervous system during injuries which is limited to certain regions in brain. NSCs can differentiate into the neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Impaired neurogenesis and inadequate induction of neurogenesis are the main obstacles in treatment of NDs. Protection of neural cells from oxidative damages and supporting neurogenesis are promising strategies to treat NDs. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional master regulator that maintains the redox homeostasis in cells by provoking expression of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective genes. Nrf2 can strongly influence the NSCs function and fate determination by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species in benefit of NSC survival and neurogenesis. In this review we will summarize the role of Nrf2 in NSC function, and exogenous and endogenous therapeutic strategies in treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Kahroba
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Jaberie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Zhang YQ, Wu JB, Yin W, Zhang YH, Huang ZJ. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of ligustrazine/resveratrol hybrids as potential anti-ischemic stroke agents. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:633-640. [PMID: 32768171 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To search for potent anti-ischemic stroke agents, a series of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)/resveratrol (RES) hybrids 6a-t were designed and synthesized. These hybrids inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- or arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation, among them, 6d, 6g-i, 6o and 6q were more active than TMP. The most active compound 6h exhibited more potent anti-platelet aggregation activity than TMP, RES, as well as positive control ticlopidine (Ticlid) and aspirin (ASP). Furthermore, 6h exerted strong antioxidative activity in a dose-dependent manner in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells which were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or hydroxyl radical (·OH). Importantly, 6h significantly protected primary neuronal cells suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury, comparable to an anti-ischemic drug edaravone (Eda). Together, our findings suggest that 6h may be a promising candidate warranting further investigation for the intervention of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Qiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhang-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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13
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Chen H, Cao J, Zha L, Wang P, Liu Z, Guo B, Zhang G, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Neuroprotective and neurogenic effects of novel tetramethylpyrazine derivative T-006 in Parkinson's disease models through activating the MEF2-PGC1α and BDNF/CREB pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14897-14917. [PMID: 32710729 PMCID: PMC7425444 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
T-006, a new derivative of tetramethylpyrazine, has been recently found to protect against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neuronal damage and clear α-synuclein (α-syn) by enhancing proteasome activity in an α-syn transgenic Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. The effect of T-006 on the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model, however, has not been tested and T-006’s neuroprotective mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we further investigated the neuroprotective and neurogenic effects of T-006 and explored its underlying mechanism of action in both cellular and animal PD models. T-006 was able to improve locomotor behavior, increase survival of nigra dopaminergic neurons and boost striatal dopamine levels in both MPTP- and 6-OHDA-induced animals. T-006 treatment restored the altered expressions of myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) co-activator 1α (PGC1α) and NF-E2-related factor 1/2 (Nrf1/2) via modulation of Akt/GSK3β signaling. T-006 stimulated MEF2, PGC1α and Nrf2 transcriptional activities, inducing Nrf2 nuclear localization. Interestingly, T-006 promoted endogenous adult neurogenesis toward a dopaminergic phenotype by activating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) in 6-OHDA rats. Our work demonstrated that T-006 is a potent neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agent that may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cao
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zha
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peile Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China.,Foshan Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Baojian Guo
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yewei Sun
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zhou Z, Dun L, Wei B, Gan Y, Liao Z, Lin X, Lu J, Liu G, Xu H, Lu C, An H. Musk Ketone Induces Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Cerebral Ischemia via Activation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Neuroscience 2020; 435:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Cao H, Zhu X, Zhang J, Xu M, Ge L, Zhang C. Dose-dependent effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the characteristics of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for stroke therapy. Neurosci Lett 2020; 722:134797. [PMID: 32067986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (ucMSCs) may serve as a new source for cell therapy in stroke patients; however, the poor efficiency of viability, migration, and differentiation limit the application of ucMSCs. This study determined the dose-dependent effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the characteristics of ucMSCs in vitro. The effect on proliferation was determined with Cell Counting kit-8 assays. Cell migration was analyzed with Transwell assays and western blot analysis. Differentiation of ucMSCs was evaluated according to markers and the expression of relevant proteins and genes. Secretion capacity was detected by ELISA analysis. TMP protected ucMSCs against H2O2 induced-oxidative damage but had no influence on ucMSC activity at a low concentration. Furthermore, ucMSC migration was improved by TMP via the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. The observed effects were dose dependent. At a high dose, however, TMP induced the differentiation of ucMSCs into neuron-like cells that expressed neuron-specific markers. In addition, the secretion of cytokines was significantly increased by TMP. Therefore, TMP pre-treatment of ucMSCs may be an effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of ucMSC transplantation in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liang Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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16
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Liu ZK, Ng CF, Shiu HT, Wong HL, Chin WC, Zhang JF, Lam PK, Poon WS, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Ko CH. Neuroprotective effect of Da Chuanxiong Formula against cognitive and motor deficits in a rat controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 217:11-22. [PMID: 29425850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Da Chuanxiong Formula (DCXF) is one of the famous herb pairs that contains dried rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and Gastrodia elata Bl. in the mass ratio of 4:1. This classic representative traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used to treat brain diseases like headache and migraine caused by blood stasis and wind pathogen. However, the therapeutic effect of DCXF on traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been reported yet. AIM OF STUDY The present study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of DCXF and its underlying mechanisms in the controlled cortical impact (CCI)-induced TBI rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham, TBI control, 1X DCXF (520.6 mg/kg) and 5X DCXF (2603.0 mg/kg). Two treatment groups (1X and 5X DCXF) were intragastrically administered daily for 7 days before CCI-induced TBI and then DCXF treatments were continued post-TBI until the animal behavioral tests, including Morris water maze test, acceleration rotarod motor test and CatWalk quantitative gait analysis test, were done. The brain water content and blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity were measured by wet-dry weight method and Evans blue method, respectively. The number of neuron cells, neural stem cells (NSCs), GFAP positive cells (astrocyte) as well as Iba-1 positive cells (microglia) were determined by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Treatment with DCXF significantly improved the learning ability and memory retention in Morris water maze test, and remarkably enhanced motor performances in acceleration rotarod motor test and catwalk quantitative gait analysis test after TBI. Moreover, DCXF treatment was able to reduce BBB permeability, brain edema, microglia and astrocyte activation, improve the proliferation of NSCs and decrease neurons loss in the brain with TBI. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that DCXF treatment could decrease BBB leakage and brain edema, reduce neuron loss, microglia and astrocyte activation, and increase NSCs proliferation, which may contribute to the cognitive and motor protection of DCXF in the TBI rats. It is the first time to provide potentially underlying mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect of DCXF on TBI-induced brain damage and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ke Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chun-Fai Ng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hoi-Ting Shiu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hing-Lok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai-Ching Chin
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ping-Kuen Lam
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai-Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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17
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Zhang G, Zhang T, Li N, Wu L, Gu J, Li C, Zhao C, Liu W, Shan L, Yu P, Yang X, Tang Y, Yang G, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z. Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone activates the BDNF/Akt/CREB pathway to promote post-ischaemic neuroregeneration and recovery of neurological functions in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:517-531. [PMID: 29161771 PMCID: PMC5773967 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuronal regeneration from endogenous precursors is an attractive strategy for the treatment of ischaemic stroke. However, most stroke-generated newborn neurons die over time. Therefore, a drug that is both neuroprotective and pro-neurogenic may be beneficial after stroke. Here, we assessed the neurogenic and oligodendrogenic effects of tetramethylpyrazine nitrone (TBN), a neuroprotective drug candidate for stroke, in a rat model of ischaemic stroke. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used Sprague Dawley rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). TBN was administered by tail vein injection beginning at 3 h post ischaemia. Therapeutic effect of TBN was evaluated by neurological behaviour and cerebral infarction. Promotion of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis was determined by double immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting analyses. Primary cultures of cortical neurons were used to assess the effect of TBN on neuronal differentiation in vitro. KEY RESULTS TBN reduced cerebral infarction, preserved and/or restored neurological function and promoted neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in rats after MCAO. In addition, TBN stimulated neuronal differentiation on primary culture of cortical neurons in vitro. Pro-neurogenic effects of TBN were attributed to its activation of the AKT/cAMP responsive element-binding protein through increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, as shown by the abolition of the effects of TBN by a specific inhibitor of BDNF receptor ANA-12 and by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS As TBN can simultaneously provide neuroprotection and pro-neurogenic effects, it may be a promising treatment for both acute phase neuroprotection and long-term functional recovery after ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Liangmiao Wu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianbo Gu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Magpie Pharmaceuticals Co., LTD.GuangzhouChina
| | - Cuimei Li
- Guangzhou Magpie Pharmaceuticals Co., LTD.GuangzhouChina
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangzhou Magpie Pharmaceuticals Co., LTD.GuangzhouChina
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Pei Yu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenChina
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guo‐Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
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18
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Qin W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Q, Xu C, Cai J. The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:792-811. [PMID: 29344417 PMCID: PMC5758352 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special types of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. NSCs are regulated by multiple pathways and pathway related transcription factors during the process of proliferation and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown that the compound medicinal preparations, single herbs, and herb extracts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have specific roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the markers of NSCs in various stages of differentiation, the related pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation, and the corresponding transcription factors in the pathways. We also review the influence of TCM on NSC proliferation and differentiation, to facilitate the development of TCM in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shiya Chen
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cai
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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19
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Li R, Zhou P, Guo Y, Zhou B. The involvement of autophagy and cytoskeletal regulation in TDCIPP-induced SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. Neurotoxicology 2017; 62:14-23. [PMID: 28495519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure and toxicity to organophosphate-based flame retardants are an increasing health concern. Neurons appear to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of these chemicals. For example, in vitro studies have shown that tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) induces apoptosis and autophagy in neural cells. In the present study, we investigated the cell biological mechanisms of TDCIPP-induced neurotoxicity using undifferentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as a model. Interestingly, TDCIPP treatment promoted differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells, which displayed various alterations including neurite elongation, an expansion of the numbers of neurite-bearing cells, and an increase in expression of cytoskeletal components normally enriched in neurons. Furthermore, the upregulation of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, the degradation of p62/sequestosome 1, and the formation of autophagosomes occurred in treated cells, suggesting that TDCIPP exposure induces autophagy. However, pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine suppressed TDCIPP-induced autophagy and reduced expression of the aforementioned cytoskeletal components. This correlated with a reduction in neurite outgrowth and numbers of neurite-bearing cells. Taken together, these results indicate that autophagy might promote TDCIPP-induced SH-SY5Y cell differentiation, which leads to an increase in expression of cytoskeletal components and neurite outgrowth. This study offers key insights into the mechanisms of neurotoxicity associated with this commonly used organophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peijiang Zhou
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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20
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Huang L, Wang G. The Effects of Different Factors on the Behavior of Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9497325. [PMID: 29358957 PMCID: PMC5735681 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9497325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of central nervous system (CNS) injury has been a worldwide problem in the biomedical field. How to reduce the damage to the CNS and promote the reconstruction of the damaged nervous system structure and function recovery has always been the concern of nerve tissue engineering. Multiple differentiation potentials of neural stem cell (NSC) determine the application value for the repair of the CNS injury. Thus, how to regulate the behavior of NSCs becomes the key to treating the CNS injury. So far, a large number of researchers have devoted themselves to searching for a better way to regulate the behavior of NSCs. This paper summarizes the effects of different factors on the behavior of NSCs in the past 10 years, especially on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. The final purpose of this review is to provide a more detailed theoretical basis for the clinical repair of the CNS injury by nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
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Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone, a multifunctional neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37148. [PMID: 27841332 PMCID: PMC5107909 DOI: 10.1038/srep37148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
TBN, a novel tetramethylpyrazine derivative armed with a powerful free radical-scavenging nitrone moiety, has been reported to reduce cerebral infarction in rats through multi-functional mechanisms of action. Here we study the therapeutic effects of TBN on non-human primate model of stroke. Thirty male Cynomolgus macaques were subjected to stroke with 4 hours ischemia and then reperfusion. TBN were injected intravenously at 3 or 6 hours after the onset of ischemia. Cerebral infarction was examined by magnetic resonance imaging at 1 and 4 weeks post ischemia. Neurological severity scores were evaluated during 4 weeks observation. At the end of experiment, protein markers associated with the stroke injury and TBN treatment were screened by quantitative proteomics. We found that TBN readily penetrated the blood brain barrier and reached effective therapeutic concentration after intravenous administration. It significantly reduced brain infarction and modestly preserved the neurological function of stroke-affected arm. TBN suppressed over-expression of neuroinflammatory marker vimentin and decreased the numbers of GFAP-positive cells, while reversed down-regulation of myelination-associated protein 2', 3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and increased the numbers of NeuN-positive cells in the ipsilateral peri-infarct area. TBN may serve as a promising new clinical candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Tetramethylpyrazine Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Involvement of Its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Actions. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4866-4878. [PMID: 27514753 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. Apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are the current hypothesized mechanisms for PD pathogenesis. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the major bioactive component of Ligusticum wallichii Franchat (ChuanXiong), Family Apiaceae, reportedly has anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the role of 'TMP' in preventing rotenone-induced neurobiological and behavioral sequelae. A preliminary dose-response study was conducted where rats received TMP (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) concomitantly with rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 4 weeks. Catalepsy, locomotor activity, striatal dopamine content, and tyrosine hydroxylase "TH" and α-synuclein immunoreactivity were evaluated. The selected TMP dose (20 mg/kg) was used for western blot analysis of Bax, Bcl2, and DJ-1, immunohistochemical detection of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, in addition to biochemical analysis of caspase-3 activity, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. Results showed that TMP (20 mg/kg) significantly improved midbrain and striatal TH expression and striatal dopamine content as well as the motor deficits, compared to rotenone-treated group. These results were correlated with reduction in caspase-3 activity and α-synuclein expression, along with improvement of midbrain and striatal Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to rotenone-treated group. TMP also attenuated rotenone-induced upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Furthermore, TMP downregulated rotenone-induced neuroinflammation markers: NF-кB, iNOS, COX2, and GFAP expression in both the midbrain and striatum. Taken together, the current study suggests that TMP is entitled to, at least partially, preventing PD neurobiological and behavioral deficits by virtue of its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions.
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Yan YX, Zhao JX, Han S, Zhou NJ, Jia ZQ, Yao SJ, Cao CL, Wang YL, Xu YN, Zhao J, Yan YL, Cui HX. Tetramethylpyrazine induces SH-SY5Y cell differentiation toward the neuronal phenotype through activation of the PI3K/Akt/Sp1/TopoIIβ pathway. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:626-41. [PMID: 26518113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an active compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Chuanxiong. Previously, we have shown that TMP induces human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell differentiation toward the neuronal phenotype by targeting topoisomeraseIIβ (TopoIIβ), a protein implicated in neural development. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate whether the transcriptional factors specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), in addition to the upstream signaling pathways ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt, are involved in modulating TopoIIβ expression in the neuronal differentiation process. We demonstrated that SH-SY5Y cells treated with TMP (80μM) terminally differentiated into neurons, characterized by increased neuronal markers, tubulin βIII and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2), and increased neurite outgrowth, with no negative effect on cell survival. TMP also increased the expression of TopoIIβ, which was accompanied by increased expression of Sp1 in the differentiated neuron-like cells, whereas NF-Y protein levels remained unchanged following the differentiation progression. We also found that the phosphorylation level of Akt, but not ERK1/2, was significantly increased as a result of TMP stimulation. Furthermore, as established by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway increased Sp1 binding to the promoter of the TopoIIβ gene. Blockage of PI3K/Akt was shown to lead to subsequent inhibition of TopoIIβ expression and neuronal differentiation. Collectively, the results indicate that the PI3K/Akt/Sp1/TopoIIβ signaling pathway is necessary for TMP-induced neuronal differentiation. Our findings offer mechanistic insights into understanding the upstream regulation of TopoIIβ in neuronal differentiation, and suggest potential applications of TMP both in neuroscience research and clinical practice to treat relevant diseases of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xin Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jun-Xia Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Na-Jing Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Sheng-Jie Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Cui-Li Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yan-Nan Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Hui-Xian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience, Hebei, PR China
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Tetramethylpyrazine Promotes Migration of Neural Precursor Cells via Activating the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6526-6539. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chen MM, Zhao GW, He P, Jiang ZL, Xi X, Xu SH, Ma DM, Wang Y, Li YC, Wang GH. Improvement in the neural stem cell proliferation in rats treated with modified "Shengyu" decoction may contribute to the neurorestoration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 165:9-19. [PMID: 25704929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Shengyu" decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat diseases with deficit in "qi" and "blood". The modified "Shengyu" decoction (MSD) used in the present study was designed to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the basis of the "Shengyu" decoction, in which additional four herbs were added. Many ingredients in these herbs have been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of brain injury. The present study was performed to evaluate the neurorestorative effect and the underlying mechanisms of MSD on the rat brain after a TBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS TBI was induced in the right cerebral cortex of adult rats using Feeney's weight-drop method. Intragastrical administration of MSD (1.0 ml/200 g) was begun 6h after TBI. The neurological functions and neuronal loss in the cortex and hippocampus were determined. The levels of nerve growth-related factors GDNF, NGF, NCAM, TN-C, and Nogo-A and the number of GFAP(+)/GDNF(+), BrdU(+)/nestin(+), BrdU(+)/NeuN(+) immunoreactive cells in the brain ipsilateral to TBI were also measured. Moreover, the influences of MSD on these variables were observed at the same time. RESULTS We found that treatment with MSD in TBI rats ameliorated the neurological functions and alleviated neuronal loss. MSD treatment elevated the expression of GDNF, NGF, NCAM, and TN-C, and inhibited the expression of Nogo-A. Moreover, MSD treatment increased the number of GFAP(+)/GDNF(+), BrdU(+)/nestin(+), and BrdU(+)/NeuN(+) immunoreactive cells in the cortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that MSD treatment in TBI rats could improve the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells and differentiation into neurons, which may facilitate neural regeneration and tissue repair and thus contribute to the recovery of neurological functions. These effects of modified "Shengyu" decoction may provide a foundation for the use of MSD as a prescription of medicinal herbs in the traditional medicine to treat brain injuries in order to improve the neurorestoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Chen
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Guang-Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China; Department of Neurology, The People׳s Hospital of Gaocheng, Hebei 052160, China
| | - Peng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People׳s Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Jiang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China.
| | - Xin Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese Medicine, The People׳s Hospital of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shi-Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People׳s Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Dong-Ming Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People׳s Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese Medicine, The People׳s Hospital of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yong-Cai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People׳s Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
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Jiang B, Huang C, Chen XF, Tong LJ, Zhang W. Tetramethylpyrazine Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Mice Through Promotion of BDNF Signaling Pathway. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv010. [PMID: 25618406 PMCID: PMC4571627 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current antidepressants are clinically effective only after several weeks of administration. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an identified component of Ligusticum wallichii with neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the antidepressant effects of TMP in mice models of depression. METHODS Antidepressant effects of TMP were first detected in the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), and further assessed in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. Changes in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway and in hippocampal neurogenesis after CSDS and TMP treatment were then investigated. A tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor and BDNF signaling inhibitors were also used to determine the mechanisms of TMP. RESULTS TMP exhibited potent antidepressant effects in the FST and TST without affecting locomotor activity. TMP also prevented the CSDS-induced symptoms. Moreover, TMP completely restored the CSDS-induced decrease of BDNF signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, a blockade of the BDNF signaling pathway prevented the antidepressant effects of TMP, while TMP produced no influence on the monoaminergic system. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these data provide the first evidence that TMP has antidepressant effects, and this was mediated by promoting the BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chao Huang
- *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China (Drs Jiang, Huang, Chen, Tong, and Zhang)
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Tetramethylpyrazine promotes SH-SY5Y cell differentiation into neurons through epigenetic regulation of Topoisomerase IIβ. Neuroscience 2014; 278:179-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhao HB, Qi SN, Dong JZ, Ha XQ, Li XY, Zhang QW, Yang YS, Bai J, Zhao L. Salidroside induces neuronal differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells through Notch and BMP signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 71:60-7. [PMID: 24929042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Salidroside (p-hydroxyphenethyl-β-D-glucoside, SAL), a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from a popular traditional Chinese medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea L., possesses multiple pharmacological actions. Previous study showed that SAL could induce rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons and induce mouse MSCs D1 to differentiate into neuronal cells. However, the mechanisms of SAL-induced neuronal differentiation of MSCs still need investigation. In this study, we observed the effects of SAL on neuronal differentiation of D1 cells and the possible involvement of Notch and BMP signaling pathways. SAL inhibited the proliferation, induced neuronal phenotypes, and upregulated the expressions of neuronal-specific marker molecules, such as neuronal enolase 2 (Eno2/NSE), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and beta 3 class III tubulin (Tubb3/β-tubulin III) in D1 cells. SAL not only downregulated the expressions of Notch1 and hairy enhancer of split 1 (Drosophila) (Hes1) but also upregulated the expression of Smad1/5/8 and its phosphorylation (p-Smad 1/5/8). The neuronal differentiation effects of SAL on D1 cells were promoted by a Notch signaling antagonist, DAPT, but attenuated by a BMP signaling pathway antagonist, Noggin. Our findings suggest that SAL might be promising in inducing neuronal differentiation of mouse MSCs mediated by both Notch signaling pathway and BMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the PLA, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - She-Ning Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Ju-Zi Dong
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the PLA, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Ha
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the PLA, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the PLA, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Quan-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the PLA, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Yin-Shu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the PLA, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the PLA, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the PLA, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
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Pao LH, Lu SW, Sun GG, Chiou SH, Ma KH. Three Chinese herbal medicines promote neuroproliferation in vitro, and reverse the effects of chronic mild stress on behavior, the HPA axis, and proliferation of hippocampal precursor cell in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:261-269. [PMID: 23000114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present study investigated whether Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) could reverse the effects of chronic mild stress (CMS) in a depression-like mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of three Chinese herbals, Rhizome Chuanxiong, Radix Scutellaria and Radix Phellodendri on promoting neuroproliferation were evaluated in vitro first and followed by in vivo study of mice which were received by an experimental setting of CMS for 14 days. The effects of the three CHMs on depression were evaluated using a behavioral test, named a forced swimming test (FST). The possible anti-depressive mechanisms of these three CHMs, including the modulation of HPA axis and promoting the hippocampal precursor cell proliferation, were evaluated by measuring plasma corticosterone levels and BrdU incorporation. RESULTS The in vitro results of MTS assay showed that Rhizome Chuanxiong, Radix Scutellaria and Radix Phellodendri could promote the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in a concentration-dependent manner. The oral administration of these three CHMs for 14 days reversed not only the elevation of plasma corticosterone levels and body weight loss, but also the decreasing of hippocampal precursor cell proliferation and abnormal behavior in the CMS induced depression-like mouse model. CONCLUSION These results indicated that Rhizome Chuanxiong, Radix Scutellaria and Radix Phellodendri have the potential to ameliorate depression. The possible mechanisms were the inhibition of HPA axis hyperactivity and the increasing of hippocampal precursor cell proliferation. These findings supported the multicomponent and multitargeted approach of Chinese herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Heng Pao
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Liang X, Zhou H, Ding Y, Li J, Yang C, Luo Y, Li S, Sun G, Liao X, Min W. TMP prevents retinal neovascularization and imparts neuroprotection in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:2157-69. [PMID: 22410554 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-9315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on retinal neovascularization (NV) and neuroprotection in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. METHODS Neonatal C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 75% oxygen from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P12 and then returned to room air. TMP (200 mg/kg) or normal saline was given daily from P12 to P17. Immunostaining, HE staining, TUNEL assay, and RT-PCR were used to assess the effects of TMP on retinal neurovascular repair. RESULTS TMP effectively prevented pathologic NV and accelerated physiologic revascularization by enhancing the formation of endothelial tip cells at the edges of the repairing capillary networks and preserving the astrocytic template in the avascular retina. TMP also prevented morphologic changes and significantly decreased TUNEL-positive cells in the avascular retina by rescuing neurons such as amacrine, rod bipolar, horizontal, and Müller cells. In TMP-treated mice retinas, there was a less obvious loss of amacrine cell bodies and their distinct bands; the number of both rod bipolar and horizontal cell bodies, as well as the density of their dendrites in the outer plexiform layer, was greater than that in OIR control mice. TMP not only decreased the loss of alignment of Müller cell bodies and distortion of processes but reduced the reactive expression of GFAP in Müller cells. Furthermore, HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA expression were downregulated in TMP-treated mice retinas. CONCLUSIONS TMP improved neurovascular recovery by preventing NV and protecting retinal astroglia cells and neurons from ischemia-induced cell death partially due to its downregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang H, Li W, Sun S, Yu S, Zhang M, Zou F. Inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1 suppresses proliferation of glioma cells under hypoxia by attenuating activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:167-75. [PMID: 22288844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sphingosine kinase (SphK), which is regulated by hypoxia, catalyses phosphorylation of sphingosine to produce sphingosine-1-phosphate, which stimulates invasiveness of gliomas. However, whether SphK is involved in proliferation of glioma cells under hypoxic conditions is not clearly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of SphK in of proliferation glioma cells under hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on SphKs, SKI (inhibitor of SphK) and U0126 (inhibitor of ERK) on proliferation of glioma cells under hypoxia were studied using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Protein expression profiles were evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS SKI suppressed proliferation of glioma cells under hypoxia. Similarly, downregulation of SphKs by siRNA inhibited glioma cell proliferation, and the cell cycle was arrested in G(2) /M phase when SphK1 was inhibited. In addition, inhibition of SphK1 attenuated phosphorylation of ERK in hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, U0126 markedly inhibited cell population growth and arrested cells in G(2) /M as effectively as SKI. However, silencing SphK2 induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase and it showed little effect on hypoxia-induced activation of ERK. CONCLUSIONS SphK1 and SphK2 are involved in proliferation of glioma cells in hypoxic conditions through distinct signalling pathways. SphK1, but not SphK2, promotes cell population expansion in hypoxic conditions by activating ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ran X, Ma L, Peng C, Zhang H, Qin LP. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort: a review of chemistry and pharmacology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:1180-9. [PMID: 22014266 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.576346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (LC; Umbelliferae) is an effective medical plant, which has been extensively applied for many years to treat various diseases with other Chinese herbal medicines. Although a considerable amount of scientific research was reported on LC in the last decade, it is currently scattered across various publications. The present review comprises the chemical and pharmacological research on LC in the last decade. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to bring together most of the scientific research available on LC and evaluate its effects and mechanisms. METHODS The information for 82 cases included in this review was compiled using major databases such as Medline, Elsevier, Springer, Pubmed, and Scholar. RESULTS The compounds contained in LC can be divided into five kinds, essential oil (EO), alkaloids, phenolic acids, phthalide lactones, and other constituents. A great deal of pharmacological research has been done, which mainly focuses on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antifibrosis, antinociception, antiinflammation, and antineoplastic activity. CONCLUSION A large number of pharmacological and chemical studies during the last 10 years have demonstrated the vast medicinal potential of LC. It is still very clear that LC is a plant with widespread use now and also with extraordinary potential for the future. The documents strongly support the view that LC has beneficial therapeutic properties and indicates its potential as an effective adaptogenic herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Fu J, Zhao SD, Liu HJ, Yuan QH, Liu SM, Zhang YM, Ling EA, Hao AJ. Melatonin promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells subjected to hypoxia in vitro. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:104-12. [PMID: 21392094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenously produced neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, has a variety of physiological functions and neuroprotective effects. It can modulate the functions of neural stem cells (NSCs) including proliferation and differentiation in embryonic brain tissue but its effect and mechanism on the stem cells in hypoxia remains to be explored. Here, we show that melatonin stimulates proliferation of NSCs during hypoxia. Additionally, it also promoted the differentiation of NSCs into neurons. However, it did not appear to exert an obvious effect on the differentiation of astrocytes. The present results have further shown that the promotional effect of NSCs proliferation by melatonin involved the MT1 receptor and increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2. The effect of melatonin on differentiation of NSCs is linked to altered expression of differentiation-related genes. In the light of these findings, it is suggested that melatonin may be beneficial as a supplement for treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury for promoting the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Craig EA, Austin AF, Vaillancourt RR, Barnett JV, Camenisch TD. TGFβ2-mediated production of hyaluronan is important for the induction of epicardial cell differentiation and invasion. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:3397-405. [PMID: 20633555 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the developing heart, the epicardium is a major source of progenitor cells that contribute to the formation of the coronary vessel system. These epicardial progenitors give rise to the different cellular components of the coronary vasculature by undergoing a number of morphological and physiological changes collectively known as epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT). However, the specific signaling mechanisms that regulate epicardial EMT are yet to be delineated. In this study we investigated the role of TGFβ2 and hyaluronan (HA) during epicardial EMT and how signals from these two molecules are integrated during this important process. Here we show that TGFβ2 induces MEKK3 activation, which in turn promotes ERK1/2 and ERK5 phosphorylation. TGFβ2 also increases Has2 expression and subsequent HA production. Nevertheless, inhibition of MEKK3 kinase activity, silencing of ERK5 or pharmacological disruption of ERK1/2 activation significantly abrogates this response. Thus, TGFβ2 promotes Has2 expression and HA production through a MEKK3/ERK1/2/5-dependent cascade. Furthermore, TGFβ2 is able to induce epicardial cell invasion and differentiation but not proliferation. However, inhibition of MEKK3-dependent pathways, degradation of HA by hyaluronidases or blockade of CD44, significantly impairs the biological response to TGFβ2. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TGFβ2 activation of MEKK3/ERK1/2/5 signaling modulates Has2 expression and HA production leading to the induction of EMT events. This is an important and novel mechanism showing how TGFβ2 and HA signals are integrated to regulate changes in epicardial cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evisabel A Craig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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