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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Shoji M, Okamoto R, Unno T, Harada K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y, Kuzuhara T. Transcriptome analysis of PC12 cells reveals that trans-banglene upregulates RT1-CE1 and downregulates abca1 in the neurotrophic pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1784-1790. [PMID: 36155550 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trans(t)-banglene and cis(c)-banglene possess neurotrophin-like activity in rat neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying t-banglene-induced neurotrophic activity in rat and human neurons remain unclear. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis in PC12 cells, a rat adrenal gland pheochromocytoma cell line treated with t-banglene, using comprehensive RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed gene analysis of the sequencing data revealed that the expression of RT1 class I, locus CE1 (RT1-CE1) was upregulated, and that of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (abca1), myosin light chain 6, and hippocampus abundant transcript 1 was downregulated in t-banglene-treated PC12 cells, with statistically significant differences. We also confirmed the RT1-CE1 upregulation and abca1 downregulation in t-banglene-treated PC12 cells by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RT1-CEl is a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) protein. ABCAl is a major cholesterol transporter that regulates efflux of intracellular cholesterol and phospholipids. Thus, our results suggest an exciting link between MHCI, cholesterol regulation, and neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Risa Okamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Taishi Unno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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Gohil K, Kazmi MZH, Williams FJ. Structure-Activity Relationship and Bioactivity Studies of Neurotrophic trans-Banglene. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2187-2193. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00016d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and bioactivity of neurotrophic banglenes and derivatives is described, establishing a structure-activity relationship which enables future mechanistic studies. Neuritogenesis assays indicate that (–) trans-banglene is the active enantiomer....
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Han AR, Kim H, Piao D, Jung CH, Seo EK. Phytochemicals and Bioactivities of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082377. [PMID: 33921835 PMCID: PMC8073654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), is an important medicinal plant known as “Plai (Phlai)” in Thailand, “Bangle” in Indonesia, and “Bulei” in China. Traditionally, this plant has been used to treat inflammation, pain, and respiratory problems. The rhizomes are the primary part of the plant that has been used for medicinal purposes due to their constituents with therapeutic properties, including phenylbutenoids, curcuminoids, and essential oils. Since the 1970s, many studies have been conducted on the phytochemicals and bioactivities of Z. cassumunar to establish fundamental scientific evidence that supports its use in traditional medicine. The accumulated biological studies on the extracts, solvent fractions, and constituents of Z. cassumunar have described their diverse medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective/neurotrophic, cosmeceutical, and antifungal/antimicrobial bioactivities. In this review, we summarize information on the phytochemicals of Z. cassumunar and the bioactivities of its extracts and constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Reum Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea;
| | - Hyunyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (H.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Donglan Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (H.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Chan-Hun Jung
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54810, Korea;
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (H.K.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-3047
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Musdja MY. Potential bangle ( Zingiber montanum J.König) rhizome extract as a supplement to prevent and reduce symptoms of Covid-19. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2245-2253. [PMID: 33519275 PMCID: PMC7832787 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality rates due to Covid-19 are increasing day by day, to overcome this, we urgently need a better treatment strategy, therefore various ways and strategies for this must be pursued. The purpose of the present review is to explain that the rhizome of bangle (Zingiber montanum) has great potential to increase antibodies and reduce symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which also seems suitable for treating Covid-19. Method: This review is looking for the results of scientific research from various sources, regarding the efficacy of bangle (Zingiber montanum) rhizome which is strongly suspected to be able to prevent, and reduce the symptoms that occur in COVID-19. The results showed that the bangle rhizome extract had activity as immunomodulatory, antiviral and reduced symptoms such as what happened in COVID-19. Conclusion: Bangle rhizome extract has dozens of nutritious substances and has multifunctional activities, and it can be postulated that among the benefits of bangle rhizome extract it is able to prevent and reduce symptoms that occur in Covid-19, and preclinical studies and clinical studies are needed to prove this postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yanis Musdja
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, State Islamic University, Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Yanagimoto T, Kishimoto S, Kasai Y, Matsui N, Kubo M, Yamamoto H, Fukuyama Y, Imagawa H. Design and synthesis of dual active neovibsanin derivatives based on a chemical structure merging method. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127497. [PMID: 32800919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid compound consisting of neovibsanin and trans-banglene was designed according to a structure merging method and synthesized via a sequence of key steps including a Diels-Alder cycloaddition, stereoselective alkynylation, and intramolecular oxa-Michael addition reaction. The biological activity of the synthetized acetal compound and its hemiacetal analogue was investigated in PC12 cells. These studies revealed that the designed hybrid compounds displayed neuritogenic activity. Furthermore, a relatively strong neurite outgrowth promoting activity was observed in the presence of NGF. These results suggest that the designed hybrid compound exhibited a dual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Yanagimoto
- Chemistry of Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji Yamashiro-cyo, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Suguru Kishimoto
- Chemistry of Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji Yamashiro-cyo, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kasai
- Chemistry of Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji Yamashiro-cyo, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsui
- Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani, Gifu 509-0293, Japan
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji Yamashiro-cyo, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Chemistry of Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji Yamashiro-cyo, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji Yamashiro-cyo, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imagawa
- Chemistry of Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamabouji Yamashiro-cyo, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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Brillatz T, Kubo M, Takahashi S, Jozukuri N, Takechi K, Queiroz EF, Marcourt L, Allard PM, Fish R, Harada K, Ishizawa K, Crawford AD, Fukuyama Y, Wolfender JL. Metabolite Profiling of Javanese Ginger Zingiber purpureum and Identification of Antiseizure Metabolites via a Low-Cost Open-Source Zebrafish Bioassay-Guided Isolation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7904-7915. [PMID: 32628839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The rhizomes of Zingiber purpureum, "Bangle", were investigated for its antiseizure properties using a streamlined and cost-effective zebrafish screening strategy and a mouse epilepsy assay. Its hexane extract demonstrated strong antiseizure activity in zebrafish epilepsy assay and was, therefore, selected for bioactivity-guided fractionation. Twelve compounds (1-12) were isolated, and two bioactive phenylbutenoids, trans- (11) and cis-banglene (12), reduced up to 70% of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. These compounds showed moderate activity against PTZ-induced seizures in a mouse epilepsy assay. To understand the specificity of Z. purpureum active compounds, its chemical profile was compared to that of Z. officinale. Their composition was assessed by differential metabolite profiling visualized by a molecular network, which revealed only vanillin derivatives and terpenoids as common metabolites and gave a comprehensive view of Z. purpureum composition. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a streamlined zebrafish epilepsy assay, which is therefore suitable for routine screening in phytochemistry laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Brillatz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shimon Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Natsumi Jozukuri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Richard Fish
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Alexander D Crawford
- Department of Preclinical Sciences & Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ulleva°lsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Hirano K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y, Namihira M. Indonesian Ginger (Bangle) Extract Promotes Neurogenesis of Human Neural Stem Cells through WNT Pathway Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4772. [PMID: 32635647 PMCID: PMC7369972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indonesian ginger (Zingiber purpureum Rosc.), also known as Bangle, exhibits neurotrophic effects on cultured murine cortical neurons and in the adult mouse brain, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) as a model system for in vitro human neurogenesis, we show that Bangle extracts activate canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling. Bangle extract-treatment of hfNSCs not only promoted neuronal differentiation, but also accelerated neurite outgrowth from immature neurons. Furthermore, Bangle extracts induced expression of neurogenic genes and WNT signaling-target genes, and facilitated the accumulation of β-catenin in nuclei of hfNSC. Interestingly, altered histone modifications were also observed in Bangle-treated hfNSCs. Together, these findings demonstrate that Bangle contributes to hfNSC neurogenesis by WNT pathway and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Hirano
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Masakazu Namihira
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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Harada K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y. Chemistry and Neurotrophic Activities of (-)-Talaumidin and Its Derivatives. Front Chem 2020; 8:301. [PMID: 32391327 PMCID: PMC7192021 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
(–)-Talaumidin (1), a 2,5-biaryl-3,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran lignan isolated from Aristolochia arcuata Masters, exhibits significant neurite-outgrowth promotion and neuroprotection in primary cultured rat cortical neurons and in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. The first enantioselective total synthesis of 1 was achieved by a flexible and reliable synthetic pathway involving an Evans asymmetric aldol reaction, as well as a stereocontrolled hydroboration and Friedel–Crafts arylation, to construct the four contiguous chiral centers on the tetrahydrofuran (THF) ring of 1. In order to investigate the stereochemistry–activity relationship of 1, a systematic synthesis of all diastereomers of 1 was accomplished by applying the synthetic strategy used for natural product 1. The evaluation of neurite-outgrowth promotion by all of the synthesized diastereomers indicated that the (–)-(1S,2R,3S,4R)-isomer 1e was significantly more active than naturally occurring 1. Additionally, we established a synthetic methodology for talaumidin derivatives that could be used to prepare a variety of analogs in a few steps and on a large scale. The synthesized racemic analog rac-1e (56a) exhibited neurite-outgrowth promoting activity in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells to the same degree as the optically active (–)-1e, revealing that a relative configuration bearing all-cis- substituents is important for potent neurotrophic activity, whilst the absolute configuration does not affect activity. Fourteen analogs based on (±)-56a were prepared via the same synthetic methodology. Among them, 56b with a methylenedioxy group on both benzene rings was found to exhibit the most significant neurite outgrowth promotion. In addition, 56a and 56b induced regeneration of the mouse optic nerve in vivo, and their activity was higher than that of talaumidin, as well as their in vitro measured activity. Furthermore, the structure–activity relationship of 56b indicated that the two benzene rings were essential structures, and that the methyl groups on the THF ring could enhance the neurotrophic activity. This result suggests that the two benzene rings of the talaumidin derivatives are essential structures for neurotrophic activity, while the two methyl groups on the THF ring can enhance neurite-outgrowth activity. Finally, it was observed that 1 and derivatives 56a and 56b exhibited potent regenerative activity in the injured mouse optic nerve in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
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cis-Banglene, a bangle (Zingiber purpureum)-derived bioactive compound, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose uptake by activating the IL-6/AMPK signaling pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Kato E, Kubo M, Okamoto Y, Matsunaga Y, Kyo H, Suzuki N, Uebaba K, Fukuyama Y. Safety Assessment of Bangle ( Zingiber purpureum Rosc.) Rhizome Extract: Acute and Chronic Studies in Rats and Clinical Studies in Human. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15879-15889. [PMID: 30556016 PMCID: PMC6288899 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bangle (Zingiber purpureum Rosc.) rhizome extract (BRE) contains phenylbutenoid dimers (banglenes), which exert neurotrophic effects and possess the potential capability to regenerate hippocampal neurons in mice. The acute and chronic oral toxicities of BRE powder were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. A dose of BRE powder was estimated to be higher than 2000 mg/kg containing BRE 534 mg/kg as minimum lethal dose in a single-dose oral toxicity study. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level for the BRE powder was 1000 mg/kg/day (BRE 267 mg/kg) in the 90 day oral toxicity study. Four week clinical studies of BRE tablets in humans suggested that the ingestion of BRE tablets within 850 mg/man/day (BRE 227 mg/man/day) was safe for at least 1 month and in a usual manner. The C max, t max, and AUC of cis- and trans-(E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(E)-3,4-dimethoxystyryl]cyclohex-1-enes (c- and t-banglenes) were calculated after the ingestion of BRE tablets (BRE 227 mg) and were 17.73 and 22.61 ng/mL, 1.8 and 1.8 h, and 71.47 and 95.53 ng/mL/h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishin Kato
- Hosoda
SHC Co., Ltd., 3-2-21
Miyuki, Fukui 910-0854, Japan
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri
University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yasuko Okamoto
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri
University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsunaga
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri
University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hoko Kyo
- Department
of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Clinical R&D, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Suzuki
- Department
of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Clinical R&D, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuo Uebaba
- Urata
Clinic, Medical Corporation HOSPY Group, Uozu, Toyama 937-0805, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri
University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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Effect of Bangle (Zingiber purpureum) extract and low-intensity exercise on mTOR phosphorylation and autophagy flux in skeletal muscles of rats on a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Cao CY, Zhang CC, Shi XW, Li D, Cao W, Yin X, Gao JM. Sarcodonin G Derivatives Exhibit Distinctive Effects on Neurite Outgrowth by Modulating NGF Signaling in PC12 Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1607-1615. [PMID: 29653489 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcodonin G, one of the cyathane diterpenoids isolated from the mushroom Sarcodon scabrosus, possesses pronounced neurotrophic activity but ambiguous mechanical understanding. In this work, sarcodonin G was chosen as a lead compound to prepare a series of 19- O-benzoyl derivatives by semisynthesis and their neuritogenic activities were evaluated. 6 and 15 (10 μM) were investigated with opposite effects in PC12 cells. 6 exhibited a superior activity to sarcodonin G by promoting NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, while 15 showed an inhibitory effect. Supportingly, 6 and 15 (20 μM) significantly induced and suppressed neurite extension in primary cultured rat cortical neurons, respectively. In mechanism, the two derivatives were revealed to influence NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells through the regulation of PKC-dependent and -independent ERK/CREB signaling as well as the upstream TrkA receptor phosphorylation. Furthermore, a possible pattern of interaction among NGF, 6/15 and TrkA was presented using molecular simulations. It revealed that 6/15 may contribute to the stabilization of the NGF-TrkAd5 complex by establishing several hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond interactions with NGF and TrkA, respectively. Taken together, 6 and 15 modulate PKC-dependent and -independent ERK/CREB signaling pathways possibly by influencing the binding affinity of NGF to the receptor TrkA, and finally regulate neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Cao
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Cheng-Chen Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Xin-Wei Shi
- Xi'an Botanical Garden , Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an 710061 , Shaanxi China
| | - Ding Li
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Xia Yin
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
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Kubo M, Kaga S, Harada K, Okamoto Y, Kato E, Hosoda S, Fukuyama Y. Studies on Extraction Conditions to Increase the Content of Neurotrophic Compounds in the Bangle (Zingiber purpureum) Extract. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop the Javanese ginger Bangle ( Zingiber purpureum), which contains neurotrophic phenylbutenoid compounds named banglenes 1 and 2, as a functional food additive for protection of neurodegenerative disease, we investigated conversion method from 3 to 1 and 2 under practical conditions available in food processing steps. After several trials, we found that dimerization of 3 proceeded smoothly under refluxing EtOH/H2O (1/3) in the presence of ubiquinone (0.1 eq) in sealed tube, giving rise to 1 and 2 in 54% yield. When this condition was applied for 70% EtOH extract of bangle, content of 1 and 2 in the extract was increased 2-fold by 2.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Sho Kaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Eishin Kato
- HOSODA SHC Co., Ltd, 3-2-21 Miyuki, Fukui 910-0854, Japan
| | - Shinya Hosoda
- HOSODA SHC Co., Ltd, 3-2-21 Miyuki, Fukui 910-0854, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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15
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The olfactory bulbectomized rat as a model of depression: The hippocampal pathway. Behav Brain Res 2016; 317:562-575. [PMID: 27633561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, the removal of the olfactory bulbs (OBs), i.e. olfactory bulbectomy (OBX), results in numerous alterations in neurotransmitter, endocrine and immune systems, as well as behavioral changes, similar to those observed in depressed patients. Because the behavioral deficits induced in OBX animals are reversed after repeated administration of antidepressants, this is a model often used to test the effectiveness of putative antidepressant agents. Recent evidence suggests that OBX results in the dysfunction of various cellular processes within the hippocampus, including decreases in dentate gyrus neurogenesis, disruption in long-term potentiation in CA1 and CA3 subregions and neuronal atrophy in the CA1 subregion, along with downstream markers, all of which are consistent with abnormal neuronal activity in the hippocampus of clinically depressed populations. Moreover, repeated administration of novel natural and synthetic antidepressant compounds can improve certain aspects of depression-like behavior and hippocampal function. In an effort to bring together the existing literature, this review will focus on the mechanisms by which proposed pharmaceuticals impact hippocampal-dependent processes and behavior.
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16
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Matsui N, Akae H, Hirashima N, Kido Y, Tanabe S, Koseki M, Fukuyama Y, Akagi M. Magnolol Enhances Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1856-1861. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Matsui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Nishihama-bouji Yamashiro-cho Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Haruka Akae
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Nishihama-bouji Yamashiro-cho Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Nana Hirashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Nishihama-bouji Yamashiro-cho Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Yuki Kido
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Nishihama-bouji Yamashiro-cho Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Nishihama-bouji Yamashiro-cho Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Mayumi Koseki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Nishihama-bouji Yamashiro-cho Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Nishihama-bouji Yamashiro-cho Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Masaaki Akagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Nishihama-bouji Yamashiro-cho Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
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17
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Kubo M. [Search of Neurotrophin-mimic Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 135:1147-52. [PMID: 26423871 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As part of our continuing studies on neurotrophin-mimic active compounds in natural products, we investigated the chemical constituents of the pericarps of Illicium jiadifengpi and the roots of Indonesian ginger Zingiber purpureum, resulting in the isolation of new seco-prezizaane-type sesquiterpenoid 1 and phenylbutenoid dimer 3-4 and two new curcuminoids 5-6. The MeOH extract of I. jiadifengpi was fractionated, leading to the isolation of compound 1. Compound 1 significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth in primary cell cultures of fetal rat cortical neurons. It is noteworthy that compound 1 has potential significantly to promote differentiation of multipotent neural stem cell line (MEB5 cells) into neurons. Additionally, we investigated the MeOH extract of the root of Bangle (Z. purpureum) that exhibited neuritogenesis activity in PC12 cells at 25 μg/mL, resulting in the isolation of neurotrophic phenylbutenoid dimers 3-4 and new compounds 5-6. Compounds 3 and 4 were found not only significantly to induce neurite sprouting of PC12 cells but also to increase the neurite length and number of neurites in primary cultured rat cortical neurons, and also showed protective activity against cell death caused by deprivation of serum. Furthermore, chronic treatment with these compounds enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis in dementia model olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice. Compounds 5 and 6 had significant NGF-potentiating effects on PC12 cells whereas compound 5 enhanced prevention of amyloid β (Aβ) 42 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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18
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Nakai M, Iizuka M, Matsui N, Hosogi K, Imai A, Abe N, Shiraishi H, Hirata A, Yagi Y, Jobu K, Yokota J, Kato E, Hosoda S, Yoshioka S, Harada K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y, Miyamura M. Bangle (Zingiber purpureum) Improves Spatial Learning, Reduces Deficits in Memory, and Promotes Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse P8. J Med Food 2016; 19:435-41. [PMID: 26829513 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bangle (Zingiber purpureum) is a tropical ginger that is used as a spice in Southeast Asia. Phenylbutenoid dimers isolated from Bangle have exhibited neurotrophic effects in primary cultured rat cortical neurons and PC12 cells. Furthermore, chronic treatment with phenylbutenoid dimers enhances hippocampal neurogenesis in olfactory bulbectomized mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of Bangle extract on behavior and hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo. SAMP8 mice, which are an established model for accelerated aging, with age-related learning and memory impairments, were given a Bangle-containing diet for 1 month, and subsequent behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry for Ki67, a proliferating cell marker, were performed. We found that the Bangle-containing diet improved spatial learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze and significantly increased the numbers of Ki67-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of the SAMP8 mice. In addition, the Bangle extract exhibited a neurotrophin-like activity as indicated by the induction of neurite sprouting in PC12 cells. Our results suggest that Bangle is beneficial for the prevention of age-related progression of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nakai
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical Graduate School , Kochi, Japan .,2 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital , Kochi, Japan
| | - Michiro Iizuka
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital , Kochi, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsui
- 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hosogi
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical Graduate School , Kochi, Japan
| | - Akiko Imai
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital , Kochi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Abe
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical Graduate School , Kochi, Japan .,2 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital , Kochi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shiraishi
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical Graduate School , Kochi, Japan .,2 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital , Kochi, Japan
| | - Ayumu Hirata
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical Graduate School , Kochi, Japan .,2 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital , Kochi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yagi
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical Graduate School , Kochi, Japan .,2 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital , Kochi, Japan
| | - Kohei Jobu
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital , Kochi, Japan
| | - Junko Yokota
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital , Kochi, Japan
| | | | | | - Saburo Yoshioka
- 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miwa Kubo
- 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Miyamura
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical Graduate School , Kochi, Japan .,2 Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital , Kochi, Japan
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BE360, a new selective estrogen receptor modulator, produces antidepressant and antidementia effects through the enhancement of hippocampal cell proliferation in olfactory bulbectomized mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 297:315-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Kubo M, Gima M, Baba K, Nakai M, Harada K, Suenaga M, Matsunaga Y, Kato E, Hosoda S, Fukuyama Y. Novel neurotrophic phenylbutenoids from Indonesian ginger Bangle, Zingiber purpureum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1586-91. [PMID: 25728129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two new curcuminoids 1 and 2, and a new phenylbutenoid dimer 3, were isolated from Bangle (Zingiber purpureum). Their structures were determined on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data and their biogenetic pathway. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first example of curcumin coupled with phenylbutenoid. Compounds 1 and 2 promoted neurite outgrowth of NGF-mediated PC12 cells at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μM. In addition, compound 1 was found to accelerate the prevention of Aβ42 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Minori Gima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kohei Baba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Megumi Nakai
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical Graduate School, 185-1, Okou-cho, Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Midori Suenaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Eishin Kato
- HOSODA SHC Co., Ltd, 3-2-21 Miyuki, Fukui 910-0854, Japan
| | - Shinya Hosoda
- HOSODA SHC Co., Ltd, 3-2-21 Miyuki, Fukui 910-0854, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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Akagi M, Matsui N, Akae H, Hirashima N, Fukuishi N, Fukuyama Y, Akagi R. Nonpeptide neurotrophic agents useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:155-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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22
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Chae SW, Han AR, Park JH, Rhie JY, Lim HJ, Seo EK, Lee HJ. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of phenylbutenoid dimers as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2277-2281. [PMID: 24266329 DOI: 10.1021/np4004917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent efflux transporter, is closely associated with the failure of chemotherapy and drug absorption. Two synthesized optically active phenylbutenoid dimers, 3S-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4R-{(E)-3,4-dimethoxystyryl}cyclohex-1-ene (1) and 3R-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4S-{(E)-3,4-dimethoxystyryl}cyclohex-1-ene (2), were tested for their P-gp inhibitory effects by measuring cellular accumulation and efflux of daunomycin in P-gp-overexpressed human breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR). Compound 2 significantly increased the accumulation of daunomycin (539%) and decreased the efflux of this compound (55.4%), and similar results were observed for 1. ATPase assays and Western blot analysis were performed to identify the mechanisms by which compounds 1 and 2 inhibit P-gp. In addition, changes in the pharmacokinetic profile of paclitaxel coadministered with 2 in rats were evaluated. Paclitaxel (25 mg/kg) when orally administered with 2 (5 mg/kg) improved its relative bioavailability by 185%. Compound 2 effectively improved cellular accumulation by reducing the efflux of daunomycin and significantly enhanced oral exposure to paclitaxel. Therefore, compound 2 may be useful for improving oral exposure and cellular availability of drugs that are also substrates of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wha Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Ewha Global Top 5 Program), Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Kubo M, Ishii R, Ishino Y, Harada K, Matsui N, Akagi M, Kato E, Hosoda S, Fukuyama Y. Evaluation of constituents of Piper retrofractum fruits on neurotrophic activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:769-73. [PMID: 23506561 DOI: 10.1021/np300911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three new compounds, 1-3, together with 22 known compounds, were isolated from the fruits of Piper retrofractum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with literature values. Compound 1 was found to enhance the neurite outgrowth of NGF-mediated PC12 cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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