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Li Y, Shen J, Cheng CS, Gao H, Zhao J, Chen L. Overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 promotes the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by regulating energy-related AMPK/mTOR signaling. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:95. [PMID: 32782783 PMCID: PMC7412669 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 (PDP1) plays an important physiological role in energy metabolism; however, its expression and function in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern and mechanisms of action of PDP1 in human PDAC. Methods The expression pattern of PDP1 in PDAC was determined, and its correlation with patient survival was analyzed. Ectopic expression or knockdown of PDP1 was performed, and in vitro proliferation and migration, as well as in vivo tumor growth of PDAC, were measured. The mechanism was studied by biochemical approaches. Results PDP1 was overexpressed in human PDAC samples, and high expression of PDP1 correlated with poor overall and disease-free survival of PDAC patients. PDP1 promoted the proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of PDAC cells in vitro and facilitated orthotopic tumor growth in vivo. PDP1 accelerated intracellular ATP production, leading to sufficient energy to support rapid cancer progression. mTOR activation was responsible for the PDP1-induced tumor cell proliferation and invasion in PDAC. AMPK was downregulated by PDP1 overexpression, resulting in mTOR activation and cancer progression. Conclusion Our findings suggested that PDP1 could be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for anti-PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jia Shen
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Pinghu, Zhejiang, 314200 China
| | - Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - HuiFeng Gao
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Zhejiang, 312030 China
| | - Lianyu Chen
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Enzymes Are Sensitive Targets of Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Metabolic Derangement. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225774. [PMID: 31744143 PMCID: PMC6888669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a closed-head impact acceleration model of mild or severe traumatic brain injury (mTBI or sTBI, respectively) in rats, we evaluated the effects of graded head impacts on the gene and protein expressions of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), as well as major enzymes of mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). TBI was induced in anaesthetized rats by dropping 450 g from 1 (mTBI) or 2 m height (sTBI). After 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 120 h gene expressions of enzymes and subunits of PDH. PDH kinases and phosphatases (PDK1-4 and PDP1-2, respectively), citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), succinyl-CoA synthase (SUCLG), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were determined in whole brain extracts (n = 6 rats at each time for both TBI levels). In the same samples, the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and free coenzyme A (CoA-SH) was performed. Sham-operated animals (n = 6) were used as controls. After mTBI, the results indicated a general transient decrease, followed by significant increases, in PDH and TCA gene expressions. Conversely, permanent PDH and TCA downregulation occurred following sTBI. The inhibitory conditions of PDH (caused by PDP1-2 downregulations and PDK1-4 overexpression) and SDH appeared to operate only after sTBI. This produced almost no change in acetyl-CoA and free CoA-SH following mTBI and a remarkable depletion of both compounds after sTBI. These results again demonstrated temporary or steady mitochondrial malfunctioning, causing minimal or profound modifications to energy-related metabolites, following mTBI or sTBI, respectively. Additionally, PDH and SDH appeared to be highly sensitive to traumatic insults and are deeply involved in mitochondrial-related energy metabolism imbalance.
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Shijo K, Sutton RL, Ghavim SS, Harris NG, Bartnik-Olson BL. Metabolic fate of glucose in rats with traumatic brain injury and pyruvate or glucose treatments: A NMR spectroscopy study. Neurochem Int 2016; 102:66-78. [PMID: 27919624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Administration of sodium pyruvate (SP; 9.08 μmol/kg, i.p.), ethyl pyruvate (EP; 0.34 μmol/kg, i.p.) or glucose (GLC; 11.1 μmol/kg, i.p.) to rats after unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury has been reported to reduce neuronal loss and improve cerebral metabolism. In the present study these doses of each fuel or 8% saline (SAL; 5.47 nmoles/kg) were administered immediately and at 1, 3, 6 and 23 h post-CCI. At 24 h all CCI groups and non-treated Sham injury controls were infused with [1,2 13C] glucose for 68 min 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained from cortex + hippocampus tissues from left (injured) and right (contralateral) hemispheres. All three fuels increased lactate labeling to a similar degree in the injured hemisphere. The amount of lactate labeled via the pentose phosphate and pyruvate recycling (PPP + PR) pathway increased in CCI-SAL and was not improved by SP, EP, and GLC treatments. Oxidative metabolism, as assessed by glutamate labeling, was reduced in CCI-SAL animals. The greatest improvement in oxidative metabolism was observed in animals treated with SP and fewer improvements after EP or GLC treatments. Compared to SAL, all three fuels restored glutamate and glutamine labeling via pyruvate carboxylase (PC), suggesting improved astrocyte metabolism following fuel treatment. Only SP treatments restored the amount of [4 13C] glutamate labeled by the PPP + PR pathway to sham levels. Milder injury effects in the contralateral hemisphere appear normalized by either SP or EP treatments, as increases in the total pool of 13C lactate and labeling of lactate in glycolysis, or decreases in the ratio of PC/PDH labeling of glutamine, were found only for CCI-SAL and CCI-GLC groups compared to Sham. The doses of SP, EP and GLC examined in this study all enhanced lactate labeling and restored astrocyte-specific PC activity but differentially affected neuronal metabolism after CCI injury. The restoration of astrocyte metabolism by all three fuel treatments may partially underlie their abilities to improve cerebral glucose utilization and to reduce neuronal loss following CCI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Shijo
- Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Box 956901, CA, USA.
| | - Richard L Sutton
- Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Box 956901, CA, USA.
| | - Sima S Ghavim
- Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Box 956901, CA, USA.
| | - Neil G Harris
- Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Box 956901, CA, USA.
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Hill JL, Kobori N, Zhao J, Rozas NS, Hylin MJ, Moore AN, Dash PK. Traumatic brain injury decreases AMP-activated protein kinase activity and pharmacological enhancement of its activity improves cognitive outcome. J Neurochem 2016; 139:106-19. [PMID: 27379837 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged metabolic suppression in the brain is a well-characterized secondary pathology of both experimental and clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI). AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) acts as a cellular energy sensor that, when activated, regulates various metabolic and catabolic pathways to decrease ATP consumption and increase ATP synthesis. As energy availability after TBI is suppressed, we questioned if increasing AMPK activity after TBI would improve cognitive outcome. TBI was delivered using the electromagnetic controlled cortical impact model on male Sprague-Dawley rats (275-300 g) and C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g). AMPK activity within the injured parietal cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus was inferred by western blots using phospho-specific antibodies. The consequences of acute manipulation of AMPK signaling on cognitive function were assessed using the Morris water maze task. We found that AMPK activity is decreased as a result of injury, as indicated by reduced AMPK phosphorylation and corresponding changes in the phosphorylation of its downstream targets: ribosomal protein S6 and Akt Substrate of 160 kDa (AS160). Increasing AMPK activity after injury using the drugs 5-amino-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide or metformin did not affect spatial learning, but significantly improved spatial memory. Taken together, our results suggest that decreased AMPK activity after TBI may contribute to the cellular energy crisis in the injured brain, and that AMPK activators may have therapeutic utility. Increased phosphorylation of Thr172 activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) under conditions of low cellular energy availability. This leads to inhibition of energy consuming, while activating energy generating, processes. Hill et al., present data to indicate that TBI decreases Thr172 phosphorylation and that its stimulation by pharmacological agents offers neuroprotection and improves memory. These results suggest that decreased AMPK phosphorylation after TBI incorrectly signals the injured brain that excess energy is available, thereby contributing to the cellular energy crisis and memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Hill
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nobuhide Kobori
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Natalia S Rozas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Hylin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony N Moore
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Sinha S, Raheja A, Samson N, Bhoi S, Selvi A, Sharma P, Sharma BS. Blood mitochondrial enzymatic assay as a predictor of long-term outcome in severe traumatic brain injury. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 30:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xing G, Barry ES, Benford B, Grunberg NE, Li H, Watson WD, Sharma P. Impact of repeated stress on traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial electron transport chain expression and behavioral responses in rats. Front Neurol 2013; 4:196. [PMID: 24376434 PMCID: PMC3859919 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of the military personnel returning from Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts have suffered from both mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder. The mechanisms are unknown. We used a rat model of repeated stress and mTBI to examine brain activity and behavioral function. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Naïve; 3 days repeated tail-shock stress; lateral fluid percussion mTBI; and repeated stress followed by mTBI (S-mTBI). Open field activity, sensorimotor responses, and acoustic startle responses (ASRs) were measured at various time points after mTBI. The protein expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex subunits (CI-V) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHE1α1) were determined in four brain regions at day 7-post mTBI. Compared to Naïves, repeated stress decreased horizontal activity; repeated stress and mTBI both decreased vertical activity; and the mTBI and S-mTBI groups were impaired in sensorimotor and ASRs. Repeated stress significantly increased CI, CII, and CIII protein levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but decreased PDHE1α1 protein in the PFC and cerebellum, and decreased CIV protein in the hippocampus. The mTBI treatment decreased CV protein levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus. The S-mTBI treatment resulted in increased CII, CIII, CIV, and CV protein levels in the PFC, increased CI level in the cerebellum, and increased CIII and CV levels in the cerebral cortex, but decreased CI, CII, CIV, and PDHE1α1 protein levels in the hippocampus. Thus, repeated stress or mTBI alone differentially altered ETC expression in heterogeneous brain regions. Repeated stress followed by mTBI had synergistic effects on brain ETC expression, and resulted in more severe behavioral deficits. These results suggest that repeated stress could have contributed to the high incidence of long-term neurologic and neuropsychiatric morbidity in military personnel with or without mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Erin S Barry
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Brandi Benford
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Neil E Grunberg
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - He Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - William D Watson
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Pushpa Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Chen R, Wang J, Jiang B, Wan X, Liu H, Liu H, Yang X, Wu X, Zou Q, Yang W. Study of cell apoptosis in the hippocampus and thalamencephalon in a ventricular fluid impact model. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1463-1468. [PMID: 24255676 PMCID: PMC3829732 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptosis of nerve cells in the hippocampal and thalamencephalon regions using a rabbit model of ventricular fluid impact. The results for the study demonstrated a variety of pathophysiological changes in the rabbit model, while changes in the hippocampal and thalamencephalon regions were observed under a light microscope following hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Among the mild, moderate and severe injury groups, there were significant differences in the mortality rate and in the changes in vital signs and consciousness recovery time following trauma. Furthermore, H&E staining showed that pathological changes, such as hemorrhage and necrosis, occurred in the hippocampal and thalamencephalon regions at an early stage subsequent to trauma, while TUNEL staining showed that neuronal apoptosis occurred in the various injury groups. In traumatic brain injuries, the impact caused by cerebrospinal fluid moving with a certain energy results in marked damage to the contralateral periventricular structures and may generate a series of pathophysiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Bartnik-Olson BL, Harris NG, Shijo K, Sutton RL. Insights into the metabolic response to traumatic brain injury as revealed by (13)C NMR spectroscopy. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENERGETICS 2013; 5:8. [PMID: 24109452 PMCID: PMC3790078 DOI: 10.3389/fnene.2013.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review highlights critical issues related to cerebral metabolism following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the use of (13)C labeled substrates and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study these changes. First we address some pathophysiologic factors contributing to metabolic dysfunction following TBI. We then examine how (13)C NMR spectroscopy strategies have been used to investigate energy metabolism, neurotransmission, the intracellular redox state, and neuroglial compartmentation following injury. (13)C NMR spectroscopy studies of brain extracts from animal models of TBI have revealed enhanced glycolytic production of lactate, evidence of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activation, and alterations in neuronal and astrocyte oxidative metabolism that are dependent on injury severity. Differential incorporation of label into glutamate and glutamine from (13)C labeled glucose or acetate also suggest TBI-induced adaptations to the glutamate-glutamine cycle.
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