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Awosika OO, Garver A, Drury C, Sucharew HJ, Boyne P, Schwab SM, Wasik E, Earnest M, Dunning K, Bhattacharya A, Khatri P, Kissela BM. Insufficiencies in sensory systems reweighting is associated with walking impairment severity in chronic stroke: an observational cohort study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1244657. [PMID: 38020645 PMCID: PMC10656616 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1244657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Walking and balance impairment are common sequelae of stroke and significantly impact functional independence, morbidity, and mortality. Adequate postural stability is needed for walking, which requires sufficient integration of sensory information between the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular centers. "Sensory reweighting" describes the normal physiologic response needed to maintain postural stability in the absence of sufficient visual or somatosensory information and is believed to play a critical role in preserving postural stability after stroke. However, the extent to which sensory reweighting successfully maintains postural stability in the chronic stages of stroke and its potential impact on walking function remains understudied. Methods In this cross-sectional study, fifty-eight community-dwelling ambulatory chronic stroke survivors underwent baseline postural stability testing during quiet stance using the modified Clinical test of Sensory Interaction in Balance (mCTSIB) and assessment of spatiotemporal gait parameters. Results Seventy-six percent (45/58) of participants showed sufficient sensory reweighting with visual and somatosensory deprivation for maintaining postural stability, albeit with greater postural sway velocity indices than normative data. In contrast, survivors with insufficient reweighting demonstrated markedly slower overground walking speeds, greater spatiotemporal asymmetry, and limited acceleration potential. Conclusion Adequate sensory system reweighting is essential for chronic stroke survivors' postural stability and walking independence. Greater emphasis should be placed on rehabilitation strategies incorporating multisensory system integration testing and strengthening as part of walking rehabilitation protocols. Given its potential impact on outcomes, walking rehabilitation trials may benefit from incorporating formal postural stability testing in design and group stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole O. Awosika
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Amanda Garver
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Colin Drury
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Heidi J. Sucharew
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Pierce Boyne
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sarah M. Schwab
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Emily Wasik
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Melinda Earnest
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kari Dunning
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- EDDI Lab—Early Detection of Degenerative Disorders and Innovative Solutions, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Pooja Khatri
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Brett M. Kissela
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Nguyen TT, Lee SB, Kang JJ, Oh SY. Optimal Design of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation for Patients with Vestibulopathy and Cerebellar Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1333. [PMID: 37759934 PMCID: PMC10526825 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) has shown positive outcomes in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as enhancing postural balance and cognitive functions. In order to expedite the practical application of GVS in clinical settings, our objective was to determine the best GVS parameters for patients with vestibulopathy and cerebellar disorders using optimal design calculation. METHODS A total of 31 patients (26 males, mean age 57.03 ± 14.75 years, age range 22-82 years) with either unilateral or bilateral vestibulopathy (n = 18) or cerebellar ataxia (n = 13) were enrolled in the study. The GVS intervention included three parameters, waveform (sinusoidal, direct current [DC], and noisy), amplitude (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mA), and duration of stimulation (5 and 30 min), resulting in a total of 18 GVS intervention modes as input variables. To evaluate the effectiveness of GVS, clinical vertigo and gait assessments were conducted using the Dizziness Visual Analogue Scale (D-VAS), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), and Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) as output variables. Optimal design and local sensitivity analysis were employed to determine the most optimal GVS modes. RESULTS Patients with unilateral vestibulopathy experienced the most favorable results with either noisy or sinusoidal GVS at 0.4 mA amplitude for 30 min, followed by DC GVS at 0.8 mA amplitude for 5 min. Noisy GVS at 0.8 or 0.4 mA amplitude for 30 min demonstrated the most beneficial effects in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy. For patients with cerebellar ataxia, the optimal choices were noisy GVS with 0.8 or 0.4 mA amplitude for 5 or 30 min. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to utilize design optimization methods to identify the GVS stimulation parameters that are tailored to individual-specific characteristics of dizziness and imbalance. A sensitivity analysis was carried out along with the optimal design to offset the constraints of a limited sample size, resulting in the identification of the most efficient GVS modes for patients suffering from vestibular and cerebellar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tin Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (J.-J.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49120, Vietnam
| | - Seung-Beop Lee
- School of International Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Ju Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (J.-J.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Oh
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (T.T.N.); (J.-J.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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Gammeri R, Salatino A, Pyasik M, Cirillo E, Zavattaro C, Serra H, Pia L, Roberts DR, Berti A, Ricci R. Modulation of vestibular input by short-term head-down bed rest affects somatosensory perception: implications for space missions. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1197278. [PMID: 37529715 PMCID: PMC10390228 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1197278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction On Earth, self-produced somatosensory stimuli are typically perceived as less intense than externally generated stimuli of the same intensity, a phenomenon referred to as somatosensory attenuation (SA). Although this phenomenon arises from the integration of multisensory signals, the specific contribution of the vestibular system and the sense of gravity to somatosensory cognition underlying distinction between self-generated and externally generated sensations remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether temporary modulation of the gravitational input by head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR)-a well-known Earth-based analog of microgravity-might significantly affect somatosensory perception of self- and externally generated stimuli. Methods In this study, 40 healthy participants were tested using short-term HDBR. Participants received a total of 40 non-painful self- and others generated electrical stimuli (20 self- and 20 other-generated stimuli) in an upright and HDBR position while blindfolded. After each stimulus, they were asked to rate the perceived intensity of the stimulation on a Likert scale. Results Somatosensory stimulations were perceived as significantly less intense during HDBR compared to upright position, regardless of the agent administering the stimulus. In addition, the magnitude of SA in upright position was negatively correlated with the participants' somatosensory threshold. Based on the direction of SA in the upright position, participants were divided in two subgroups. In the subgroup experiencing SA, the intensity rating of stimulations generated by others decreased significantly during HDBR, leading to the disappearance of the phenomenon of SA. In the second subgroup, on the other hand, reversed SA was not affected by HDBR. Conclusion Modulation of the gravitational input by HDBR produced underestimation of somatosensory stimuli. Furthermore, in participants experiencing SA, the reduction of vestibular inputs by HDBR led to the disappearance of the SA phenomenon. These findings provide new insights into the role of the gravitational input in somatosensory perception and have important implications for astronauts who are exposed to weightlessness during space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gammeri
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriana Salatino
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Pyasik
- SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness (SAMBA) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cirillo
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Zavattaro
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hilary Serra
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pia
- SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness (SAMBA) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Donna R. Roberts
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Anna Berti
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness (SAMBA) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ricci
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Ersin K, Şerbetçioğlu MB, Öztürk ŞT, Yılmaz O. The Effect of Somatosensorial System on Vestibular System. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:4138-4143. [PMID: 36742777 PMCID: PMC9895198 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the somatosensory system on the vestibular system and the interconnected ways they work together to maintain balance. The study was conducted on 54 individuals (27 females and 27 males), aged between 18-25 years. vHIT as well as cVEMP tests were used to evaluate the participants. Tests were carried out while sitting, standing on firm surface and standing on foam respectively. According to the posterior vHIT results, there was a significant difference between VOR gains obtained while sitting and standing on firm surface in right side as well as on the left side (p < 0,01). Moreover, when VOR gains in standing on firm and standing on foam results were compared to each other, statistical significance was found right and left posterior canals (p < 0,05). Concerning the results obtained from VEMP, a statistically significant difference was seen in the comparison of P1-N1 amplitudes of the right side on firm surface and standing on foam (p < 0,01). When the inputs from somatosensorial system are disturbed, the parts of the vestibular system that are primarily affected are the posterior SSC, saccule and inferior vestibular nerve. This can be interpreted as the inferior vestibular nerve being more affected than the superior vestibular nerve when posture is disturbed due to somatosensory cues being unavailable or unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Ersin
- Department of Audiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacik, Beykoz, 34810 İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Şeyma Tuğba Öztürk
- Department of Audiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacik, Beykoz, 34810 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Yılmaz
- Department of Audiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacik, Beykoz, 34810 İstanbul, Turkey
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Preuss Mattsson N, Coppi S, Chancel M, Ehrsson HH. Combination of visuo-tactile and visuo-vestibular correlations in illusory body ownership and self-motion sensations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277080. [PMID: 36378668 PMCID: PMC9665377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that illusory ownership over a mannequin's body can be induced through synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation as well as through synchronous visuo-vestibular stimulation. The current study aimed to elucidate how three-way combinations of correlated visual, tactile and vestibular signals contribute to the senses of body ownership and self-motion. Visuo-tactile temporal congruence was manipulated by touching the mannequin's body and the participant's unseen real body on the trunk with a small object either synchronously or asynchronously. Visuo-vestibular temporal congruence was manipulated by synchronous or asynchronous presentation of a visual motion cue (the background rotating around the mannequin in one direction) and galvanic stimulation of the vestibular nerve generating a rotation sensation (in the same direction). The illusory experiences were quantified using a questionnaire; threat-evoked skin-conductance responses (SCRs) provided complementary indirect physiological evidence for the illusion. Ratings on the illusion questionnaire statement showed significant main effects of synchronous visuo-vestibular and synchronous visuo-tactile stimulations, suggesting that both of these pairs of bimodal correlations contribute to the ownership illusion. Interestingly, visuo-tactile synchrony dominated because synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation combined with asynchronous visuo-vestibular stimulation elicited a body ownership illusion of similar strength as when both bimodal combinations were synchronous. Moreover, both visuo-tactile and visuo-vestibular synchrony were associated with enhanced self-motion perception; self-motion sensations were even triggered when visuo-tactile synchrony was combined with visuo-vestibular asynchrony, suggesting that ownership enhanced the relevance of visual information as a self-motion cue. Finally, the SCR results suggest that synchronous stimulation of either modality pair led to a stronger illusion compared to the asynchronous conditions. Collectively, the results suggest that visuo-tactile temporal correlations have a stronger influence on body ownership than visuo-vestibular correlations and that ownership boosts self-motion perception. We present a Bayesian causal inference model that can explain how visuo-vestibular and visuo-tactile information are combined in multisensory own-body perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Chancel
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - H. Henrik Ehrsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nguyen TT, Kang JJ, Oh SY. Thresholds for vestibular and cutaneous perception and oculomotor response induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation. Front Neurol 2022; 13:955088. [PMID: 36034303 PMCID: PMC9413160 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.955088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, the specific threshold intensities and response characteristics of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on vestibular (conscious) and cutaneous (detrimental) perception as well as oculomotor nystagmus (reflex) were determined. Methods The threshold intensities for vestibular and cutaneous perception and oculomotor response induced by GVS were determined in 25 right-handed healthy subjects (32.6 ± 7.2 years of age; 56% female). The subjects were seated upright, and eye movements were recorded while a direct GVS current was applied with paradigms of cathode on the right and anode on the left (CRAL) and also cathode on the left and anode on the right (CLAR). Results Subjects experienced dizziness, sense of spinning, or fall tendency, which was more frequently directed to the cathode (76%) than the anode (24%, p < 0.001, chi-square one-variable test) at mean current greater than 0.98 ± 0.29 mA (mean vestibular threshold). The current also triggered a more frequent mild tingling sensation at the cathode (56%) than the anode (30%) or on both sides (14%; p = 0.001, chi-square one-variable test) when above the mean cutaneous threshold of 0.9 ± 0.29 mA. Above the mean oculomotor threshold of 1.61 ± 0.35 mA, combined horizontal and torsional nystagmus was more frequent toward the cathode (86%) than toward the anode (p < 0.001, chi-square one-variable test). The mean oculomotor threshold was significantly higher than both the vestibular (p < 0.001, Mann–Whitney U-test) and cutaneous (p < 0.001, Mann–Whitney U-test) thresholds, which were comparable (p = 0.317, Mann–Whitney U-test). There was no significant disparity in these specific thresholds between the two GVS paradigms. The vestibular threshold was significantly higher in males than in females [1 (0.5–1.25) mA vs. 0.75 (0.625–1.125) mA, Z = −2.241, p = 0.025, Mann–Whitney U-test]. However, the thresholds of cutaneous perception and oculomotor response did not differ by sex. Conclusion The findings indicate that thresholds for vestibular and somatosensory perception are lower than the oculomotor threshold. Therefore, a strategy to reduce GVS current intensity to the level of vestibular or somatosensory perception threshold could elicit beneficial vestibular effects while avoiding undesirable effects such as oculomotor consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tin Nguyen
- Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Jin-Ju Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Oh
- Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sun-Young Oh
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Oh SY, Kang JJ, Kim S, Lee JM, Kim JS, Dieterich M. A preliminary trial of botulinum toxin type A in patients with vestibular migraine: A longitudinal fMRI study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:955158. [PMID: 35959394 PMCID: PMC9358216 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.955158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the prophylactic management of vestibular migraine (VM) and to determine whether this treatment modulates intrinsic functional brain network. Methods Vestibular migraine patients (n = 20, mean age 45.4 years) who were resistant to conventional prophylactic therapies had BTX-A injection and rs-fMRI before and 2 months after the injection. We also measured the changes in the frequency of vertigo and migraine attacks, symptomatic functional disability scores, and neuropsychiatric inventories. Results After BTX-A injection, the mean monthly frequencies of migraine and vertigo episodes decreased significantly compared with the baseline (p < 0.01, paired t-test). The Headache Impact Test-6 score and the Migraine Disability Assessment, and the vertigo parameters, measured by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and the Vertigo Symptom Scale, showed an improvement, as did the anxiety and depression scores 2 months after BTX-A treatment. The low-frequency fluctuation analysis of the rs-fMRI data found significant changes in the functional connectivity of the right superior temporal gyrus. Adoption of this cluster as the seed region increased the functional connectivity with the left post-central gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus after BTX-A treatment. Conclusion This prospective study suggests that BTX-A treatment is effective at ameliorating migraine and vertigo symptoms in VM patients who were resistant to conventional therapies. Along with symptomatic improvements, changes in the functional connectivity within the multisensory vestibular and pain networks suggest a dysmodulation of multimodal sensory integration and abnormal cortical processing of the vestibular and pain signals in VM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Oh
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jeonju-si, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sun-Young Oh
| | - Jin-Ju Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jeonju-si, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Sohui Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Jong-Min Lee
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Dizziness Center, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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Moura Neto ED, Fonseca BHDS, Rocha DS, Souza LAPSD, Abdalla DR, Viana DA, Luvizutto GJ. Additional acute effects of virtual reality head-mounted displays on balance outcomes in non-disabled individuals: a proof-of-concept study. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220006721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Putman EJ, Galvan-Garza RC, Clark TK. The Effect of Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Learning of Functional Mobility and Manual Control Nulling Sensorimotor Tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:756674. [PMID: 34803637 PMCID: PMC8595260 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.756674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a non-invasive method of electrically stimulating the vestibular system. We investigated whether the application of GVS can alter the learning of new functional mobility and manual control tasks and whether learning can be retained following GVS application. In a between-subjects experiment design, 36 healthy subjects performed repeated trials, capturing the learning of either (a) a functional mobility task, navigating an obstacle course on a compliant surface with degraded visual cues or (b) a manual control task, using a joystick to null self-roll tilt against a pseudo-random disturbance while seated in the dark. In the “learning” phase of trials, bilateral, bipolar GVS was applied continuously. The GVS waveform also differed between subjects in each task group: (1) white noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) at 0.3 mA (2) high-level random GVS at 0.7 mA (selected from pilot testing as destabilizing, but not painful), or (3) with the absence of stimulation (i.e., sham). Following the “learning” trials, all subjects were blindly transitioned to sham GVS, upon which they immediately completed another series of trials to assess any aftereffects. In the functional mobility task, we found nGVS significantly improved task learning (p = 0.03, mean learning metric 171% more than the sham group). Further, improvements in learning the functional mobility task with nGVS were retained, even once the GVS application was stopped. The benefits in learning with nGVS were not observed in the manual control task. High level GVS tended to inhibit learning in both tasks, but not significantly so. Even once the high-level stimulation was stopped, the impaired performance remained. Improvements in learning with nGVS may be due to increased information throughput resulting from stochastic resonance. The benefit of nGVS for functional mobility, but not manual control nulling, may be due to the multisensory (e.g., visual and proprioceptive), strategic, motor coordination, or spatial awareness aspects of the former task. Learning improvements with nGVS have the potential to benefit individuals who perform functional mobility tasks, such as astronauts, firefighters, high performance athletes, and soldiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Putman
- Ann and H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | | | - Torin K Clark
- Ann and H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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Sakai H, Harada T, Larroque SK, Demertzi A, Sugawara T, Ito T, Wada Y, Fukunaga M, Sadato N, Laureys S. Left parietal involvement in motion sickness susceptibility revealed by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1103-1111. [PMID: 34783415 PMCID: PMC8764490 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to motion sickness varies greatly across individuals. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this susceptibility remain largely unclear. To address this gap, the current study aimed to identify the neural correlates of motion sickness susceptibility using multimodal MRI. First, we compared resting-state functional connectivity between healthy individuals who were highly susceptible to motion sickness (N = 36) and age/sex-matched controls who showed low susceptibility (N = 36). Seed-based analysis revealed between-group differences in functional connectivity of core vestibular regions in the left posterior Sylvian fissure. A data-driven approach using intrinsic connectivity contrast found greater network centrality of the left intraparietal sulcus in high- rather than in low-susceptible individuals. Moreover, exploratory structural connectivity analysis uncovered an association between motion sickness susceptibility and white matter integrity in the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Taken together, our data indicate left parietal involvement in motion sickness susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen K Larroque
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Athena Demertzi
- Physiology of Cognition Research Lab, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Taeko Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Wada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Facchini J, Rastoldo G, Xerri C, Péricat D, El Ahmadi A, Tighilet B, Zennou-Azogui Y. Unilateral vestibular neurectomy induces a remodeling of somatosensory cortical maps. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102119. [PMID: 34246703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral Vestibular Neurectomy (UVN) induces a postural syndrome whose compensation over time is underpinned by multimodal sensory substitution processes. However, at a chronic stage of compensation, UVN rats exhibit an enduring postural asymmetry expressed by an increase in the body weight on the ipsilesional paws. Given the anatomo-functional links between the vestibular nuclei and the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), we explored the interplay of vestibular and somatosensory cortical inputs following acute and chronic UVN. We determined whether the enduring imbalance in tactilo-plantar inputs impacts response properties of S1 cortical neurons and organizational features of somatotopic maps. We performed electrophysiological mapping of the hindpaw cutaneous representations in S1, immediately and one month after UVN. In parallel, we assessed the posturo-locomotor imbalance during the compensation process. UVN immediately induces an expansion of the cortical neuron cutaneous receptive fields (RFs) leading to a partial dedifferentiation of somatotopic maps. This effect was demonstrated for the ventral skin surface representations and was greater on the contralesional hindpaw for which the neuronal threshold to skin pressure strongly decreased. The RF enlargement was amplified for the representation of the ipsilesional hindpaw in relation to persistent postural asymmetries, but was transitory for the contralesional one. Our study shows, for the first time, that vestibular inputs exert a modulatory influence on S1 neuron's cutaneous responses. The lesion-induced cortical malleability highlights the influence of vestibular inputs on tactile processing related to postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Facchini
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Rastoldo
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Xerri
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - David Péricat
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Abdessadek El Ahmadi
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Brahim Tighilet
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR 7291, Marseille, France.
| | - Yoh'i Zennou-Azogui
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR 7291, Marseille, France.
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12
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Moïn-Darbari K, Lafontaine L, Maheu M, Bacon BA, Champoux F. Vestibular status: A missing factor in our understanding of brain reorganization in deaf individuals. Cortex 2021; 138:311-317. [PMID: 33784514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The brain of deaf people is definitely not just deaf, and we have to reconsider what we know about the impact of hearing loss on brain development in light of comorbid vestibular impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moïn-Darbari
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - L Lafontaine
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Maheu
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - B A Bacon
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Champoux
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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13
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Efficacy of caloric vestibular stimulation for the treatment of idiopathic tinnitus. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.809898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Which Effects on Neuroanatomy and Path-Integration Survive? Results of a Randomized Controlled Study on Intensive Balance Training. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10040210. [PMID: 32260099 PMCID: PMC7226327 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Balancing is a complex task requiring the integration of visual, somatosensory and vestibular inputs. The vestibular system is linked to the hippocampus, a brain structure crucial for spatial orientation. Here we tested the immediate and sustained effects of a one-month-long slackline training program on balancing and orientation abilities as well as on brain volumes in young adults without any prior experience in that skill. On the corrected level, we could not find any interaction effects for brain volumes, but the effect sizes were small to medium. A subsequent within-training-group analysis revealed volumetric increments within the somatosensory cortex and decrements within posterior insula, cerebellum and putamen remained stable over time. No significant interaction effects were observed on the clinical balance and the spatial orientation task two months after the training period (follow-up). We interpret these findings as a shift away from processes crucial for automatized motor output towards processes related to voluntarily controlled movements. The decrease in insular volume in the training group we propose to result from multisensory interaction of the vestibular with the visual and somatosensory systems. The discrepancy between sustained effects in the brain of the training group on the one hand and transient benefits in function on the other may indicate that for the latter to be retained a longer-term practice is required.
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15
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Cyr JP, Anctil N, Simoneau M. Balance control mechanisms do not benefit from successive stimulation of different sensory systems. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226216. [PMID: 31826016 PMCID: PMC6905548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, to reduce deviations from a perfect upright position, information from various sensory cues is combined and continuously weighted based on its reliability. Combining noisy sensory information to produce a coherent and accurate estimate of body sway is a central problem in human balance control. In this study, we first compared the ability of the sensorimotor control mechanisms to deal with altered ankle proprioception or vestibular information (i.e., the single sensory condition). Then, we evaluated whether successive stimulation of difference sensory systems (e.g., Achilles tendon vibration followed by electrical vestibular stimulation, or vice versa) produced a greater alteration of balance control (i.e., the mix sensory condition). Electrical vestibular stimulation (head turned ~90°) and Achilles tendon vibration induced backward body sways. We calculated the root mean square value of the scalar distance between the center of pressure and the center of gravity as well as the time needed to regain balance (i.e., stabilization time). Furthermore, the peak ground reaction force along the anteroposterior axis, immediately following stimulation offset, was determined to compare the balance destabilization across the different conditions. In single conditions, during vestibular or Achilles tendon vibration, no difference in balance control was observed. When sensory information returned to normal, balance control was worse following Achilles tendon vibration. Compared to that of the single sensory condition, successive stimulation of different sensory systems (i.e., mix conditions) increased stabilization time. Overall, the present results reveal that single and successive sensory stimulation challenges the sensorimotor control mechanisms differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Cyr
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS) du CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Noémie Anctil
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS) du CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS) du CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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Kabbaligere R, Layne CS, Karmali F. Perception of threshold-level whole-body motion during mechanical mastoid vibration. J Vestib Res 2019; 28:283-294. [PMID: 30149483 DOI: 10.3233/ves-180636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibration applied on the mastoid has been shown to be an excitatory stimulus to the vestibular receptors, but its effect on vestibular perception is unknown. OBJECTIVE Determine whether mastoid vibration affects yaw rotation perception using a self-motion perceptual direction-recognition task. METHODS We used continuous, bilateral, mechanical mastoid vibration using a stimulus with frequency content between 1 and 500 Hz. Vestibular perception of 10 healthy adults (M±S.D. = 34.3±12 years old) was tested with and without vibration. Subjects repeatedly reported the perceived direction of threshold-level yaw rotations administered at 1 Hz by a motorized platform. A cumulative Gaussian distribution function was fit to subjects' responses, which was described by two parameters: bias and threshold. Bias was defined as the mean of the Gaussian distribution, and equal to the motion perceived on average when exposed to null stimuli. Threshold was defined as the standard deviation of the distribution and corresponded to the stimulus the subject could reliably perceive. RESULTS The results show that mastoid vibration may reduce bias, although two statistical tests yield different conclusions. There was no evidence that yaw rotation thresholds were affected. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral mastoid vibration may reduce left-right asymmetry in motion perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshatha Kabbaligere
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles S Layne
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Neuro-Engineering and Cognitive Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faisal Karmali
- Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Neural Foundations of Ayres Sensory Integration ®. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9070153. [PMID: 31261689 PMCID: PMC6680650 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9070153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory integration, now trademarked as Ayres Sensory Integration® or ASI, is based on principles of neuroscience and provides a framework for understanding the contributions of the sensory and motor foundations of human behavior. The theory and practice of ASI continues to evolve as greater understanding of the neurobiology of human behavior emerges. In this paper we examine core constructs of ASI identified in the seminal work of Dr. Jean Ayres, and present current neuroscience research that underlies the main patterns of sensory integration function and dysfunction. We consider how current research verifies and clarifies Ayres’ propositions by describing functions of the vestibular, proprioceptive, and tactile sensory systems, and exploring their relationships to ocular, postural, bilateral integration, praxis, and sensory modulation. We close by proposing neuroplasticity as the mechanisms underlying change as a result of ASI intervention.
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18
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Britton Z, Arshad Q. Vestibular and Multi-Sensory Influences Upon Self-Motion Perception and the Consequences for Human Behavior. Front Neurol 2019; 10:63. [PMID: 30899238 PMCID: PMC6416181 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we comprehensively review both the human and animal literature regarding vestibular and multi-sensory contributions to self-motion perception. This covers the anatomical basis and how and where the signals are processed at all levels from the peripheral vestibular system to the brainstem and cerebellum and finally to the cortex. Further, we consider how and where these vestibular signals are integrated with other sensory cues to facilitate self-motion perception. We conclude by demonstrating the wide-ranging influences of the vestibular system and self-motion perception upon behavior, namely eye movement, postural control, and spatial awareness as well as new discoveries that such perception can impact upon numerical cognition, human affect, and bodily self-consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelie Britton
- Department of Neuro-Otology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qadeer Arshad
- Department of Neuro-Otology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Dordevic M, Taubert M, Müller P, Kaufmann J, Hökelmann A, Müller NG. Brain Gray Matter Volume Is Modulated by Visual Input and Overall Learning Success but Not by Time Spent on Learning a Complex Balancing Task. J Clin Med 2018; 8:jcm8010009. [PMID: 30577582 PMCID: PMC6352186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the process of neuroplasticity, this study assesses brain changes observed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in response to two different learning conditions. Twenty-two young, healthy subjects learned slacklining, a complex balancing task, with either their eyes open (EO, n = 11) or their eyes closed (EC, n = 11). The learning took place three times per week for four weeks, with learning periods of 1 hour, providing a total of 12 hours of learning. The scanning and testing protocols were applied at three time-points: (1) immediately before learning (baseline), (2) immediately afterwards (post-test), and (3) two months afterwards (follow-up). The EO group performed better on the task-specific test. Significant group*time interaction effects were found in sensory-motor areas at the post-test, with increases in the EO group only. The results suggest that VBM-observed brain changes in response to learning a complex balancing task vary depending on the learning success and the availability of visual input, and not solely on the amount of time spent on learning. These findings should be taken into account by future studies using similar methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Dordevic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Neurology Clinic, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Taubert
- Chair for Training Science "Cognition and Motion", Department Sports Science, Otto von Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Jörn Kaufmann
- Neurology Clinic, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Anita Hökelmann
- Chair for Training Science "Cognition and Motion", Department Sports Science, Otto von Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Notger G Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Neurology Clinic, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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20
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Balancing body ownership: Visual capture of proprioception and affectivity during vestibular stimulation. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:311-321. [PMID: 29940194 PMCID: PMC6092558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The experience of our body as our own (i.e. body ownership) involves integrating different sensory signals according to their contextual relevance (i.e. multisensory integration). Until recently, most studies of multisensory integration and body ownership concerned only vision, touch and proprioception; the role of other modalities, such as the vestibular system and interoception, has been neglected and remains poorly understood. In particular, no study to date has directly explored the combined effect of vestibular and interoceptive signals on body ownership. Here, we investigated for the first time how Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (left, right, sham), tactile affectivity (a reclassified interoceptive modality manipulated by applying touch at C-tactile optimal versus non-optimal velocities), and their combination, influence proprioceptive and subjective measures of body ownership during a rubber hand illusion paradigm with healthy participants (N = 26). Our results show that vestibular stimulation (left GVS) significantly increased proprioceptive drift towards the rubber hand during mere visual exposure to the rubber hand. Moreover, it also enhanced participants’ proprioceptive drift towards the rubber hand during manipulations of synchronicity and affective touch. These findings suggest that the vestibular system influences multisensory integration, possibly by re-weighting both the two-way relationship between proprioception and vision, as well as the three-way relationship between proprioception, vision and affective touch. We discuss these findings in relation to current predictive coding models of multisensory integration and body ownership. We studied vestibular and affective contributions to body ownership. We stimulated the vestibular system in a Rubber Hand paradigm with affective touch. Right-hemisphere stimulation increased proprioceptive drift during vision of a RH. Applying affective touch further increased proprioceptive drift. Affective and vestibular signals may favour vision in multisensory integration.
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21
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Dalmaijer ES. Beyond the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex: Vestibular Input is Processed Centrally to Achieve Visual Stability. VISION (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 2. [PMID: 31463409 DOI: 10.1101/260299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study presents a re-analysis of data from Zink et al. (1998, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 107), who administered galvanic vestibular stimulation through unipolar direct current. They placed electrodes on each mastoid, and applied both right and left anodal stimulation. Ocular torsion and visual tilt were measured under different stimulation intensities. New modelling introduced here demonstrates that directly proportional linear models fit reasonably well to the relationship between vestibular input and visual tilt, but not to that between vestibular input and ocular torsion. Instead, an exponential model characterised by a decreasing slope and an asymptote fitted best. These results demonstrate that in the results presented by Zink et al., ocular torsion could not completely account for visual tilt. This suggests that vestibular input is processed centrally to stabilise vision when ocular torsion is insufficient. Potential mechanisms and seemingly conflicting literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin S Dalmaijer
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Pfeiffer C, Noel J, Serino A, Blanke O. Vestibular modulation of peripersonal space boundaries. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:800-811. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pfeiffer
- Center for Neuroprosthetics School of Life Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech H4, Chemin des Mines 9 Geneva CH – 1202 Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Brain Mind Institute Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Geneva Switzerland
- Autonomous Systems Laboratory Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ) Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Paul Noel
- Center for Neuroprosthetics School of Life Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech H4, Chemin des Mines 9 Geneva CH – 1202 Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Brain Mind Institute Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Geneva Switzerland
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
| | - Andrea Serino
- Center for Neuroprosthetics School of Life Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech H4, Chemin des Mines 9 Geneva CH – 1202 Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Brain Mind Institute Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Geneva Switzerland
- MySpace Lab Department of Clinical Neuroscience Lausanne University and University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Center for Neuroprosthetics School of Life Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech H4, Chemin des Mines 9 Geneva CH – 1202 Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Brain Mind Institute Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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23
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Dalmaijer ES. Beyond the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex: Vestibular Input is Processed Centrally to Achieve Visual Stability. Vision (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 31463409 PMCID: PMC6713558 DOI: 10.3390/vision2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study presents a re-analysis of data from Zink et al. (1998, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 107), who administered galvanic vestibular stimulation through unipolar direct current. They placed electrodes on each mastoid and applied either right or left anodal stimulation. Ocular torsion and visual tilt were measured under different stimulation intensities. New modelling introduced here demonstrates that directly proportional linear models fit reasonably well with the relationship between vestibular input and visual tilt, but not to that between vestibular input and ocular torsion. Instead, an exponential model characterised by a decreasing slope and an asymptote fitted best. These results demonstrate that in the results presented by Zink et al. (1998), ocular torsion could not completely account for visual tilt. This suggests that vestibular input is processed centrally to stabilise vision when ocular torsion is insufficient. Potential mechanisms and seemingly conflicting literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin S Dalmaijer
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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24
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Cabolis K, Steinberg A, Ferrè ER. Somatosensory modulation of perceptual vestibular detection. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:859-865. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Preuss N, Kalla R, Müri R, Mast FW. Framing susceptibility in a risky choice game is altered by galvanic vestibular stimulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2947. [PMID: 28592853 PMCID: PMC5462736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research provides evidence that galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) has a modulating effect on somatosensory perception and spatial cognition. However, other vestibular stimulation techniques have induced changes in affective control and decision making. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GVS on framing susceptibility in a risky-choice game. The participants were to decide between a safe and a risky option. The safe option was framed either positively or negatively. During the task, the participants were exposed to either left anodal/right cathodal GVS, right anodal/left cathodal GVS, or sham stimulation (control condition). While left anodal/right cathodal GVS activated more right-hemispheric vestibular brain areas, right anodal/left cathodal GVS resulted in more bilateral activation. We observed increased framing susceptibility during left anodal/right cathodal GVS, but no change in framing susceptibility during right anodal/left cathodal GVS. We propose that GVS results in increased reliance on the affect heuristic by means of activation of cortical and subcortical vestibular-emotional brain structures and that this effect is modulated by the lateralization of the vestibular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Preuss
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Center for Cognition Learning and Memory, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Roger Kalla
- Division of Cognitive and Restorative Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rene Müri
- Center for Cognition Learning and Memory, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Cognitive and Restorative Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fred W Mast
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Cognition Learning and Memory, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Harris LR, Sakurai K, Beaudot WHA. Tactile Flow Overrides Other Cues To Self Motion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1059. [PMID: 28432328 PMCID: PMC5430733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular-somatosensory interactions are pervasive in the brain but it remains unclear why. Here we explore the contribution of tactile flow to processing self-motion. We assessed two aspects of self-motion: timing and speed. Participants sat on an oscillating swing and either kept their hands on their laps or rested them lightly on an earth-stationary surface. They viewed a grating oscillating at the same frequency as their motion and judged its phase or, in a separate experiment, its speed relative to their perceived motion. Participants required the phase to precede body movement (with or without tactile flow) or tactile flow by ~5° (44 ms) to appear earth-stationary. Speed judgments were 4-10% faster when motion was from tactile flow, either alone or with body motion, compared to body motion alone (where speed judgments were accurate). By comparing response variances we conclude that phase and speed judgments do not reflect optimal integration of tactile flow with other cues to body motion: instead tactile flow dominates perceived self-motion - acting as an emergency override. This may explain why even minimal tactile cues are so helpful in promoting stability and suggests that providing artificial tactile cues might be a powerful aid to perceiving self-motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence R Harris
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Kenzo Sakurai
- Department of Human Science, Tohoku Gakuin University, 2-1-1 Tenjinzawa, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-3193, Japan.,Division of Human Informatics, Graduate School of Tohoku Gakuin University, 2-1-1 Tenjinzawa, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-3193, Japan.,KyberVision Japan LLC, 5-2-8 Takamori, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-3203, Japan
| | - William H A Beaudot
- Division of Human Informatics, Graduate School of Tohoku Gakuin University, 2-1-1 Tenjinzawa, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-3193, Japan.,KyberVision Japan LLC, 5-2-8 Takamori, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-3203, Japan
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Rajagopalan A, Kumar SS, Mukkadan JK. Effect of vestibular stimulation on auditory and visual reaction time in relation to stress. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2017; 8:34-38. [PMID: 28217553 PMCID: PMC5288969 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.197390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to provide scientific evidence and for beneficial effects of vestibular stimulation for the management of stress-induced changes in auditory and visual reaction time (RT). A total of 240 healthy college students of the age group of 18–24 of either gender were a part of this research after obtaining written consent from them. RT for right and left response was measured for two auditory stimuli (low and high pitch) and visual stimuli (red and green) were recorded. A significant decrease in the visual RT for green light and red light was observed and stress-induced changes was effectively prevented followed by vestibular stimulation. Auditory RT for high pitch right and left response was significantly decreased and stress-induced changes was effectively prevented followed by vestibular stimulation. Vestibular stimulation is effective in boosting auditory and visual RT and preventing stress-induced changes in RT in males and females. We recommend incorporation of vestibular stimulation by swinging in our lifestyle for improving cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rajagopalan
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sai Sailesh Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Little Flower Institute of Medical Science and Research, Angamaly, Kerala, India
| | - Joseph Kurien Mukkadan
- Department of Physiology, Little Flower Medical Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India
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Török Á, Ferrè ER, Kokkinara E, Csépe V, Swapp D, Haggard P. Up, Down, Near, Far: An Online Vestibular Contribution to Distance Judgement. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169990. [PMID: 28085939 PMCID: PMC5235368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether a visual stimulus seems near or far away depends partly on its vertical elevation. Contrasting theories suggest either that perception of distance could vary with elevation, because of memory of previous upwards efforts in climbing to overcome gravity, or because of fear of falling associated with the downwards direction. The vestibular system provides a fundamental signal for the downward direction of gravity, but the relation between this signal and depth perception remains unexplored. Here we report an experiment on vestibular contributions to depth perception, using Virtual Reality. We asked participants to judge the absolute distance of an object presented on a plane at different elevations during brief artificial vestibular inputs. Relative to distance estimates collected with the object at the level of horizon, participants tended to overestimate distances when the object was presented above the level of horizon and the head was tilted upward and underestimate them when the object was presented below the level of horizon. Interestingly, adding artificial vestibular inputs strengthened these distance biases, showing that online multisensory signals, and not only stored information, contribute to such distance illusions. Our results support the gravity theory of depth perception, and show that vestibular signals make an on-line contribution to the perception of effort, and thus of distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston Török
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Kokkinara
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valéria Csépe
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Swapp
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Maitre J, Paillard T. Postural Effects of Vestibular Manipulation Depend on the Physical Activity Status. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162966. [PMID: 27627441 PMCID: PMC5023127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on postural control for participants of different physical activity status (i.e. active and non-active). Two groups of participants were recruited: one group of participants who regularly practised sports activities (active group, n = 17), and one group of participants who did not practise physical and/or sports activities (non-active group, n = 17). They were compared in a reference condition (i.e bipedal stance with eyes open) and four vestibular manipulation condition (i.e. GVS at 0.5 mA and 3 mA, in accordance with two designs) lasting 20 seconds. The centre of foot pressure displacement velocities were compared between the two groups. The main results indicate that the regular practice of sports activities counteracts postural control disruption caused by GVS. The active group demonstrated better postural control than the non-active group when subjected to higher vestibular manipulation. The active group may have developed their ability to reduce the influence of inaccurate vestibular signals. The active participants could identify the relevant sensory input, thought a better central integration, which enables them to switch faster between sensory inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Maitre
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Département STAPS, Tarbes, France
| | - Thierry Paillard
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Département STAPS, Tarbes, France
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Abstract
Vestibular signals are integrated with signals from other sensory modalities. This convergence could reflect an important mechanism for maintaining the perception of the body. Here we review the current literature in order to develop a framework for understanding how the vestibular system contributes to body representation. According to recent models, we distinguish between three processes for body representation, and we look at whether vestibular signals might influence each process. These are (i) somatosensation, the primary sensory processing of somatic stimuli, (ii) somatoperception, the processes of constructing percepts and experiences of somatic objects and events and (iii) somatorepresentation, the knowledge about the body as a physical object in the world. Vestibular signals appear to contribute to all three levels in this model of body processing. Thus, the traditional view of the vestibular system as a low-level, dedicated orienting module tends to underestimate the pervasive role of vestibular input in bodily self-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- a Department of Psychology , Royal Holloway University of London , Egham , UK.,b Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience , University College London , London , UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- b Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience , University College London , London , UK
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31
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Multisensory effects on somatosensation: a trimodal visuo-vestibular-tactile interaction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26301. [PMID: 27198907 PMCID: PMC4873743 DOI: 10.1038/srep26301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular information about self-motion is combined with other sensory signals. Previous research described both visuo-vestibular and vestibular-tactile bilateral interactions, but the simultaneous interaction between all three sensory modalities has not been explored. Here we exploit a previously reported visuo-vestibular integration to investigate multisensory effects on tactile sensitivity in humans. Tactile sensitivity was measured during passive whole body rotations alone or in conjunction with optic flow, creating either purely vestibular or visuo-vestibular sensations of self-motion. Our results demonstrate that tactile sensitivity is modulated by perceived self-motion, as provided by a combined visuo-vestibular percept, and not by the visual and vestibular cues independently. We propose a hierarchical multisensory interaction that underpins somatosensory modulation: visual and vestibular cues are first combined to produce a multisensory self-motion percept. Somatosensory processing is then enhanced according to the degree of perceived self-motion.
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32
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Schönherr A, May CA. Influence of Caloric Vestibular Stimulation on Body Experience in Healthy Humans. Front Integr Neurosci 2016; 10:14. [PMID: 27013995 PMCID: PMC4787111 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2016.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system has more connections with and influence on higher cortical centers than previously thought. These interactions with higher cortical centers and the phenomena that they elicit require a structural intact cerebral cortex. To date, little is known about the role and influence of the vestibular system on one's body experience. In this study we show that caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) in healthy participants has an effect on the perceptive component of one's body experience. After CVS all participants showed a statistically significant difference of thigh width estimation. In contrast to previous studies, which demonstrated an influence of CVS on higher cortical centers with an intact cerebral cortex both the cognitive and affective component of body experience were not effected by the CVS. Our results demonstrate the influence of the vestibular system on body perception and emphasize its role in modulating different perceptive-qualities which contributes to our body experience. We found that CVS has a limited influence on one's conscious state, thought process and higher cortical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schönherr
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Albrecht May
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden Dresden, Germany
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Sedda A, Tonin D, Salvato G, Gandola M, Bottini G. Left caloric vestibular stimulation as a tool to reveal implicit and explicit parameters of body representation. Conscious Cogn 2016; 41:1-9. [PMID: 26837046 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic parameters, such as temperature, are related to body representation. In this study, we measured whether caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) alters body temperature and tactile processing, and if in the direction predicted by a holistic body matrix representation. Skin temperature and tactile two-point discrimination (TPD) acuity were measured for both arms before, immediately after and with a delay from CVS. Participants were also administered a personality questionnaire and an anxiety inventory to rule out confounding factors. Two control experiments were planned to exclude casual variations. Our results show that temperature drops significantly in both arms after CVS. CVS also induces a bilateral improvement in tactile acuity (even though not immediately after but in the delayed condition). Finally, these effects are not due to learning, as demonstrated by the control experiment. In summary, our results suggest that vestibular stimulation updates body representation, supporting the evidence in favor of a body matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sedda
- Psychology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - D Tonin
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - G Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Center, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - G Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Center, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Greenlee M, Frank S, Kaliuzhna M, Blanke O, Bremmer F, Churan J, Cuturi LF, MacNeilage P, Smith A. Multisensory Integration in Self Motion Perception. Multisens Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Self motion perception involves the integration of visual, vestibular, somatosensory and motor signals. This article reviews the findings from single unit electrophysiology, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging and psychophysics to present an update on how the human and non-human primate brain integrates multisensory information to estimate one’s position and motion in space. The results indicate that there is a network of regions in the non-human primate and human brain that processes self motion cues from the different sense modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Greenlee
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M. Frank
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mariia Kaliuzhna
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Switzerland
| | - Frank Bremmer
- Department of Neurophysics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Churan
- Department of Neurophysics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Luigi F. Cuturi
- German Center for Vertigo, University Hospital of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul R. MacNeilage
- German Center for Vertigo, University Hospital of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew T. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK
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35
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Azañón E, Tamè L, Maravita A, Linkenauger S, Ferrè E, Tajadura-Jiménez A, Longo M. Multimodal Contributions to Body Representation. Multisens Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our body is a unique entity by which we interact with the external world. Consequently, the way we represent our body has profound implications in the way we process and locate sensations and in turn perform appropriate actions. The body can be the subject, but also the object of our experience, providing information from sensations on the body surface and viscera, but also knowledge of the body as a physical object. However, the extent to which different senses contribute to constructing the rich and unified body representations we all experience remains unclear. In this review, we aim to bring together recent research showing important roles for several different sensory modalities in constructing body representations. At the same time, we hope to generate new ideas of how and at which level the senses contribute to generate the different levels of body representations and how they interact. We will present an overview of some of the most recent neuropsychological evidence about multisensory control of pain, and the way that visual, auditory, vestibular and tactile systems contribute to the creation of coherent representations of the body. We will focus particularly on some of the topics discussed in the symposium on Multimodal Contributions to Body Representation held on the 15th International Multisensory Research Forum (2015, Pisa, Italy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Azañón
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX, London, UK
| | - Luigi Tamè
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX, London, UK
| | - Angelo Maravita
- Department of Psychology, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Neuromi: Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Elisa R. Ferrè
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, UK
| | - Ana Tajadura-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Humana, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Spain
- UCL Interaction Centre, University College London, UK
| | - Matthew R. Longo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX, London, UK
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Pfeiffer C, van Elk M, Bernasconi F, Blanke O. Distinct vestibular effects on early and late somatosensory cortical processing in humans. Neuroimage 2015; 125:208-219. [PMID: 26466979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In non-human primates several brain areas contain neurons that respond to both vestibular and somatosensory stimulation. In humans, vestibular stimulation activates several somatosensory brain regions and improves tactile perception. However, less is known about the spatio-temporal dynamics of such vestibular-somatosensory interactions in the human brain. To address this issue, we recorded high-density electroencephalography during left median nerve electrical stimulation to obtain Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs). We analyzed SEPs during vestibular activation following sudden decelerations from constant-velocity (90°/s and 60°/s) earth-vertical axis yaw rotations and SEPs during a non-vestibular control period. SEP analysis revealed two distinct temporal effects of vestibular activation: An early effect (28-32ms post-stimulus) characterized by vestibular suppression of SEP response strength that depended on rotation velocity and a later effect (97-112ms post-stimulus) characterized by vestibular modulation of SEP topographical pattern that was rotation velocity-independent. Source estimation localized these vestibular effects, during both time periods, to activation differences in a distributed cortical network including the right postcentral gyrus, right insula, left precuneus, and bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex. These results suggest that vestibular-somatosensory interactions in humans depend on processing in specific time periods in somatosensory and vestibular cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pfeiffer
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University and University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Michiel van Elk
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fosco Bernasconi
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
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37
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Honeine JL, Crisafulli O, Sozzi S, Schieppati M. Processing time of addition or withdrawal of single or combined balance-stabilizing haptic and visual information. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:3097-110. [PMID: 26334013 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00618.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the integration time of haptic and visual input and their interaction during stance stabilization. Eleven subjects performed four tandem-stance conditions (60 trials each). Vision, touch, and both vision and touch were added and withdrawn. Furthermore, vision was replaced with touch and vice versa. Body sway, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus activity were measured. Following addition or withdrawal of vision or touch, an integration time period elapsed before the earliest changes in sway were observed. Thereafter, sway varied exponentially to a new steady-state while reweighting occurred. Latencies of sway changes on sensory addition ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 s across subjects, consistently longer for touch than vision, and were regularly preceded by changes in muscle activity. Addition of vision and touch simultaneously shortened the latencies with respect to vision or touch separately, suggesting cooperation between sensory modalities. Latencies following withdrawal of vision or touch or both simultaneously were shorter than following addition. When vision was replaced with touch or vice versa, adding one modality did not interfere with the effect of withdrawal of the other, suggesting that integration of withdrawal and addition were performed in parallel. The time course of the reweighting process to reach the new steady-state was also shorter on withdrawal than addition. The effects of different sensory inputs on posture stabilization illustrate the operation of a time-consuming, possibly supraspinal process that integrates and fuses modalities for accurate balance control. This study also shows the facilitatory interaction of visual and haptic inputs in integration and reweighting of stance-stabilizing inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Honeine
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; and Centro Studi Attività Motorie (CSAM), Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCSS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Oscar Crisafulli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; and
| | - Stefania Sozzi
- Centro Studi Attività Motorie (CSAM), Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCSS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Schieppati
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; and Centro Studi Attività Motorie (CSAM), Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCSS), Pavia, Italy
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38
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Multisensory interactions between vestibular, visual and somatosensory signals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124573. [PMID: 25875819 PMCID: PMC4395320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular inputs are constantly processed and integrated with signals from other sensory modalities, such as vision and touch. The multiply-connected nature of vestibular cortical anatomy led us to investigate whether vestibular signals could participate in a multi-way interaction with visual and somatosensory perception. We used signal detection methods to identify whether vestibular stimulation might interact with both visual and somatosensory events in a detection task. Participants were instructed to detect near-threshold somatosensory stimuli that were delivered to the left index finger in one half of experimental trials. A visual signal occurred close to the finger in half of the trials, independent of somatosensory stimuli. A novel Near infrared caloric vestibular stimulus (NirCVS) was used to artificially activate the vestibular organs. Sham stimulations were used to control for non-specific effects of NirCVS. We found that both visual and vestibular events increased somatosensory sensitivity. Critically, we found no evidence for supra-additive multisensory enhancement when both visual and vestibular signals were administered together: in fact, we found a trend towards sub-additive interaction. The results are compatible with a vestibular role in somatosensory gain regulation.
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39
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Espinosa-Sanchez JM, Lopez-Escamez JA. New insights into pathophysiology of vestibular migraine. Front Neurol 2015; 6:12. [PMID: 25705201 PMCID: PMC4319397 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular migraine (VM) is a common disorder in which genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors probably contribute to its development. The pathophysiology of VM is unknown; nevertheless in the last few years, several studies are contributing to understand the neurophysiological pathways involved in VM. The current hypotheses are mostly based on the knowledge of migraine itself. The evidence of trigeminal innervation of the labyrinth vessels and the localization of vasoactive neuropeptides in the perivascular afferent terminals of these trigeminal fibers support the involvement of the trigemino-vascular system. The neurogenic inflammation triggered by activation of the trigeminal-vestibulocochlear reflex, with the subsequent inner ear plasma protein extravasation and the release of inflammatory mediators, can contribute to a sustained activation and sensitization of the trigeminal primary afferent neurons explaining VM symptoms. The reciprocal connections between brainstem vestibular nuclei and the structures that modulate trigeminal nociceptive inputs (rostral ventromedial medulla, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, locus coeruleus, and nucleus raphe magnus) are critical to understand the pathophysiology of VM. Although cortical spreading depression can affect cortical areas involved in processing vestibular information, functional neuroimaging techniques suggest a dysmodulation in the multimodal sensory integration and processing of vestibular and nociceptive information, resulting from a vestibulo-thalamo-cortical dysfunction, as the pathogenic mechanism underlying VM. The elevated prevalence of VM suggests that multiple functional variants may confer a genetic susceptibility leading to a dysregulation of excitatory–inhibitory balance in brain structures involved in the processing of sensory information, vestibular inputs, and pain. The interactions among several functional and structural neural networks could explain the pathogenic mechanisms of VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Espinosa-Sanchez
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer - University of Granada - Junta de Andalucia , Granada , Spain ; Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital San Agustin , Linares , Spain
| | - Jose A Lopez-Escamez
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer - University of Granada - Junta de Andalucia , Granada , Spain ; Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital de Poniente , El Ejido , Spain
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40
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The effect of navigating obstacles when walking with deficient (inappropriate, deprived, limited) foot sensory input on spatiotemporal gait parameters of elderly individuals with different visual acuities. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ferrè ER, Berlot E, Haggard P. Vestibular contributions to a right-hemisphere network for bodily awareness: combining galvanic vestibular stimulation and the "Rubber Hand Illusion". Neuropsychologia 2015; 69:140-7. [PMID: 25619847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An altered sense of one's own body is a common consequence of vestibular damage, and also of damage to vestibular networks in the right hemisphere. However, few experimental studies have investigated whether vestibular signals contribute to bodily awareness. We addressed this issue by combining an established experimental model of bodily awareness (Rubber Hand Illusion -RHI) with galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) in healthy participants. Brief left anodal and right cathodal GVS (which predominantly activates vestibular networks in the right hemisphere), or right anodal and left cathodal GVS, or sham stimulation were delivered at random, while participants experienced either synchronous or asynchronous visuo-tactile stimulation of a rubber hand and their own hand. The drift in the perceived position of the participant's hand towards the rubber hand was used as a proxy measure of the resulting multisensory illusion of body ownership. GVS induced strong polarity-dependent effects on this measure of RHI: left anodal and right cathodal GVS produced significantly lower proprioceptive drift than right anodal and left cathodal GVS. We suggest that vestibular inputs influence the multisensory weighting functions that underlie bodily awareness: the right hemisphere vestibular projections activated by the left anodal and right cathodal GVS increased the weight of intrinsic proprioceptive signals about hand position, and decreased the weight of visual information responsible for visual capture during the RHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.
| | - Eva Berlot
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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Ferrè ER, Haggard P. Vestibular–Somatosensory Interactions: A Mechanism in Search of a Function? Multisens Res 2015; 28:559-79. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
No unimodal vestibular cortex has been identified in the human brain. Rather, vestibular inputs are strongly integrated with signals from other sensory modalities, such as vision, touch and proprioception. This convergence could reflect an important mechanism for maintaining a perception of the body, including individual body parts, relative to the rest of the environment. Neuroimaging, electrophysiological and psychophysical studies showed evidence for multisensory interactions between vestibular and somatosensory signals. However, no convincing overall theoretical framework has been proposed for vestibular–somatosensory interactions, and it remains unclear whether such percepts are by-products of neural convergence, or a functional multimodal integration. Here we review the current literature on vestibular–multisensory interactions in order to develop a framework for understanding the functions of such multimodal interaction. We propose that the target of vestibular–somatosensory interactions is a form of self-representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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Bottini G, Gandola M. Beyond the Non-Specific Attentional Effect of Caloric Vestibular Stimulation: Evidence from Healthy Subjects and Patients. Multisens Res 2015; 28:591-612. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) is a simple physiological manipulation that has been used for a long time in different clinical fields due to its rapid and relevant effects on behaviour. One of the most debated issues in this research field concerns the degree of specificity of such stimulation, namely whether the effects of CVS can be, and to what extent are, independent of the mere influence of non-specific factors such as general arousal, ocular movements or attentional shift towards the stimulated side. The hypothesis that CVS might cause a shift of attention towards the side of the stimulation has been largely supported; moreover, a large amount of evidence is available nowadays to corroborate the specific effect of CVS, providing behavioural and neurophysiological data in both patients and normal subjects. These data converge in indicating that the effects of CVS can be independent of eye deviation and general arousal, can modulate different symptoms in different directions, and do not merely depend on a general shift of attention. The present article is divided into three main sections. In the first section, we describe classical studies that investigate the effects of CVS on neglect and related symptoms. In the second and third parts, we provide an overview of the modulatory effects of CVS on somatosensory processes and body representation in both brain-damaged patients and healthy subjects. Finally, we conclude by discussing the relevance of these new findings for the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the modulatory effects of CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 11, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milano, Italy
- NeuroMi — Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 11, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- NeuroMi — Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
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44
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Does galvanic vestibular stimulation reduce spatial neglect? A negative study. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2014; 57:570-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Della-Justina HM, Gamba HR, Lukasova K, Nucci-da-Silva MP, Winkler AM, Amaro E. Interaction of brain areas of visual and vestibular simultaneous activity with fMRI. Exp Brain Res 2014; 233:237-52. [PMID: 25300959 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Static body equilibrium is an essential requisite for human daily life. It is known that visual and vestibular systems must work together to support equilibrium. However, the relationship between these two systems is not fully understood. In this work, we present the results of a study which identify the interaction of brain areas that are involved with concurrent visual and vestibular inputs. The visual and the vestibular systems were individually and simultaneously stimulated, using flickering checkerboard (without movement stimulus) and galvanic current, during experiments of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-four right-handed and non-symptomatic subjects participated in this study. Single visual stimulation shows positive blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses (PBR) in the primary and associative visual cortices. Single vestibular stimulation shows PBR in the parieto-insular vestibular cortex, inferior parietal lobe, superior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus and lobules V and VI of the cerebellar hemisphere. Simultaneous stimulation shows PBR in the middle and inferior frontal gyri and in the precentral gyrus. Vestibular- and somatosensory-related areas show negative BOLD responses (NBR) during simultaneous stimulation. NBR areas were also observed in the calcarine gyrus, lingual gyrus, cuneus and precuneus during simultaneous and single visual stimulations. For static visual and galvanic vestibular simultaneous stimulation, the reciprocal inhibitory visual-vestibular interaction pattern is observed in our results. The experimental results revealed interactions in frontal areas during concurrent visual-vestibular stimuli, which are affected by intermodal association areas in occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen M Della-Justina
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology-Parana, Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165, Curitiba, PR, 80230-901, Brazil,
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46
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Illusory self-motion perception evoked by caloric vestibular stimulation in sitting versus supine body positions. Behav Brain Res 2014; 272:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mast FW, Preuss N, Hartmann M, Grabherr L. Spatial cognition, body representation and affective processes: the role of vestibular information beyond ocular reflexes and control of posture. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:44. [PMID: 24904327 PMCID: PMC4035009 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies in humans demonstrate the involvement of vestibular information in tasks that are seemingly remote from well-known functions such as space constancy or postural control. In this review article we point out three emerging streams of research highlighting the importance of vestibular input: (1) Spatial Cognition: Modulation of vestibular signals can induce specific changes in spatial cognitive tasks like mental imagery and the processing of numbers. This has been shown in studies manipulating body orientation (changing the input from the otoliths), body rotation (changing the input from the semicircular canals), in clinical findings with vestibular patients, and in studies carried out in microgravity. There is also an effect in the reverse direction; top-down processes can affect perception of vestibular stimuli. (2) Body Representation: Numerous studies demonstrate that vestibular stimulation changes the representation of body parts, and sensitivity to tactile input or pain. Thus, the vestibular system plays an integral role in multisensory coordination of body representation. (3) Affective Processes and Disorders: Studies in psychiatric patients and patients with a vestibular disorder report a high comorbidity of vestibular dysfunctions and psychiatric symptoms. Recent studies investigated the beneficial effect of vestibular stimulation on psychiatric disorders, and how vestibular input can change mood and affect. These three emerging streams of research in vestibular science are-at least in part-associated with different neuronal core mechanisms. Spatial transformations draw on parietal areas, body representation is associated with somatosensory areas, and affective processes involve insular and cingulate cortices, all of which receive vestibular input. Even though a wide range of different vestibular cortical projection areas has been ascertained, their functionality still is scarcely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred W Mast
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nora Preuss
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hartmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luzia Grabherr
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Ferrè ER, Kaliuzhna M, Herbelin B, Haggard P, Blanke O. Vestibular-somatosensory interactions: effects of passive whole-body rotation on somatosensory detection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86379. [PMID: 24466064 PMCID: PMC3897730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular signals are strongly integrated with information from several other sensory modalities. For example, vestibular stimulation was reported to improve tactile detection. However, this improvement could reflect either a multimodal interaction or an indirect interaction driven by vestibular effects on spatial attention and orienting. Here we investigate whether natural vestibular activation induced by passive whole-body rotation influences tactile detection. In particular, we assessed the ability to detect faint tactile stimuli to the fingertips of the left and right hand during spatially congruent or incongruent rotations. We found that passive whole-body rotations significantly enhanced sensitivity to faint shocks, without affecting response bias. Critically, this enhancement of somatosensory sensitivity did not depend on the spatial congruency between the direction of rotation and the hand stimulated. Thus, our results support a multimodal interaction, likely in brain areas receiving both vestibular and somatosensory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariia Kaliuzhna
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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