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Okabe K, Fukada H, Tai-Nagara I, Ando T, Honda T, Nakajima K, Takeda N, Fong GH, Ema M, Kubota Y. Neuron-derived VEGF contributes to cortical and hippocampal development independently of VEGFR1/2-mediated neurotrophism. Dev Biol 2020; 459:65-71. [PMID: 31790655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mitogen critical for angiogenesis and organogenesis. Deletion or inhibition of VEGF during development not only profoundly suppresses vascular outgrowth, but significantly affects the development and function of various organs. In the brain, VEGF is thought to not only promote vascular growth, but also directly act on neurons as a neurotrophic factor by activating VEGF receptors. In the present study, we demonstrated that deletion of VEGF using hGfap-Cre line, which recombines genes specifically in cortical and hippocampal neurons, severely impaired brain organization and vascularization of these regions. The mutant mice had motor deficits, with lethality around the time of weaning. Multiple reporter lines indicated that VEGF was highly expressed in neurons, but that its cognate receptors, VEGFR1 and 2 were exclusive to endothelial cells in the brain. In accordance, mice lacking neuronal VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 did not exhibit neuronal deformities or lethality. Taken together, our data suggest that neuron-derived VEGF contributes to cortical and hippocampal development likely through angiogenesis independently of direct neurotrophic effects mediated by VEGFR1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Plastic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hugh Fukada
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikue Tai-Nagara
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Ando
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takao Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Luck R, Urban S, Karakatsani A, Harde E, Sambandan S, Nicholson L, Haverkamp S, Mann R, Martin-Villalba A, Schuman EM, Acker-Palmer A, Ruiz de Almodóvar C. VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling regulates hippocampal axon branching during development. eLife 2019; 8:49818. [PMID: 31868583 PMCID: PMC6927742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon branching is crucial for proper formation of neuronal networks. Although originally identified as an angiogenic factor, VEGF also signals directly to neurons to regulate their development and function. Here we show that VEGF and its receptor VEGFR2 (also known as KDR or FLK1) are expressed in mouse hippocampal neurons during development, with VEGFR2 locally expressed in the CA3 region. Activation of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling in isolated hippocampal neurons results in increased axon branching. Remarkably, inactivation of VEGFR2 also results in increased axon branching in vitro and in vivo. The increased CA3 axon branching is not productive as these axons are less mature and form less functional synapses with CA1 neurons. Mechanistically, while VEGF promotes the growth of formed branches without affecting filopodia formation, loss of VEGFR2 increases the number of filopodia and enhances the growth rate of new branches. Thus, a controlled VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling is required for proper CA3 hippocampal axon branching during mouse hippocampus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Luck
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severino Urban
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andromachi Karakatsani
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Harde
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Neurovascular Interface group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sivakumar Sambandan
- Department of Synaptic Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - LaShae Nicholson
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Neurovascular Interface group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke Haverkamp
- Imaging Facility, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rebecca Mann
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Martin-Villalba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erin Margaret Schuman
- Department of Synaptic Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Neurovascular Interface group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodóvar
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Müller J, Ossig C, Greiner JFW, Hauser S, Fauser M, Widera D, Kaltschmidt C, Storch A, Kaltschmidt B. Intrastriatal transplantation of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells improves functional outcome in parkinsonian rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 4:31-43. [PMID: 25479965 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered the second most frequent and one of the most severe neurodegenerative diseases, with dysfunctions of the motor system and with nonmotor symptoms such as depression and dementia. Compensation for the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons during PD using current pharmacological treatment strategies is limited and remains challenging. Pluripotent stem cell-based regenerative medicine may offer a promising therapeutic alternative, although the medical application of human embryonic tissue and pluripotent stem cells is still a matter of ethical and practical debate. Addressing these challenges, the present study investigated the potential of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells derived from the inferior turbinate (ITSCs) transplanted into a parkinsonian rat model. Emphasizing their capability to give rise to nervous tissue, ITSCs isolated from the adult human nose efficiently differentiated into functional mature neurons in vitro. Additional successful dopaminergic differentiation of ITSCs was subsequently followed by their transplantation into a unilaterally lesioned 6-hydroxydopamine rat PD model. Transplantation of predifferentiated or undifferentiated ITSCs led to robust restoration of rotational behavior, accompanied by significant recovery of DA neurons within the substantia nigra. ITSCs were further shown to migrate extensively in loose streams primarily toward the posterior direction as far as to the midbrain region, at which point they were able to differentiate into DA neurons within the locus ceruleus. We demonstrate, for the first time, that adult human ITSCs are capable of functionally recovering a PD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Müller
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christiana Ossig
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F W Greiner
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Darius Widera
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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