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Yu R, Kong DL, Liao C, Yu YJ, He ZW, Wang Y. Natural products as the therapeutic strategies for addiction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116687. [PMID: 38701568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
World Drug Report 2023 concluded that 296 million people abused drugs, 39.5 million became addiction and 494,000 died as a direct or indirect result of addiction. Addiction has become a growing problem that affects individuals, their families, societies, countries and even the world. However, treatment for addiction is only limited to some developed countries because of the high cost, difficult implementation, and time consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a low-cost, effective drug for the development of addiction treatment in more countries, which is essential for the stability and sustainable development of the world. In this review, it provided an overview of the abuse of common addictive drugs, related disorders, and current therapeutic regimen worldwide, and summarized the mechanisms of drug addiction as reward circuits, neuroadaptation and plasticity, cognitive decision-making, genetics, and environment. According to their chemical structure, 43 natural products and 5 herbal combinations with potential to treat addiction were classified, and their sources, pharmacological effects and clinical trials were introduced. It was also found that mitragine, ibogine, L-tetrahydropalmatine and crocin had greater potential for anti-addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - De-Lei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cai Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Nematollahi MH, Ahmadianmoghadam MA, Mehrabani M, Moghadari M, Ghorani-Azam A, Mehrbani M. Herbal therapy in opioid withdrawal syndrome: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2022; 14:152-163. [PMID: 36544511 PMCID: PMC9743811 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.2022.195961.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Medicinal plants have revealed much attention as an alternative or complementary treatment for opioid withdrawal syndrome. The current review collects all available literature to verify the efficiency of herbal remedies in the management of symptoms associated with opioid withdrawal. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted from January 1990 to May 2021 on four bibliographic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) using the search terms "medicinal plant", "withdrawal syndrome", "opioid", and all their equivalents. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in the English language were included for data synthesis. The search was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to verify the quality of the included clinical trials. Findings A total of 12 RCTs were collected and used for data synthesis. The results of these studies indicated that herbal medicines were effective in treating opioid withdrawal syndrome and could alleviate the withdrawal symptoms, such as abdominal constrictions, diarrhea, bone pain, perspiration, and insomnia, when compared to conventional medications such as buprenorphine, clonidine, and methadone. However, more than 30% of RCTs were found to be at high risk of bias in the areas of selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting. Conclusion Although several RCTs have proven that herbal remedies are effective in reducing opioid withdrawal symptoms, the findings need to be viewed more carefully. Further RCTs with more participants, longer duration, and less risk of bias are needed in the claimed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Student Research Committee, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ahmadianmoghadam
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Moghadari
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Correspondence to: Mehrzad Mehrbani; Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;
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Konrath EL, Arbo MD, Arbo BD, Hort MA, Elisabetsky E, Leal MB. Plants with Anti-Addictive Potential. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:185-215. [PMID: 33861445 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is prevalent among individuals of modern society, being a major cause of disability and premature loss of life. Although the drug addiction have profound social, economical and health impact in the world population, its management remains a challenge as available pharmacological treatments remains ineffective for most people. The limited efficacy and adverse effects have led to a search for alternative therapies to treat drug addiction. In this context, natural products are an important source for new chemical substances with a potential therapeutic applicability. Therefore, this chapter will present data obtained after an extensive literature search regarding the use of medicinal plants as a pharmacological alternative for drug addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dutra Arbo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Appel Hort
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirna Bainy Leal
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Chen C, Nong Z, Liang X, Meng M, Xuan F, Xie Q, He J, Huang R. Effect of Yulangsan Polysaccharide on the Reinstatement of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:918-929. [PMID: 29455417 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that Yulangsan polysaccharide (YLSP), which was isolated from the root of Millettia pulchra Kurz, attenuates withdrawal symptoms of morphine dependence by regulating the nitric oxide pathway and modulating monoaminergic neurotransmitters. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of YLSP on the reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. A CPP procedure was employed to assess the behavior of rats, and indicators of serum and four brain regions (nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) were determined to explore its underlying mechanism. YLSP inhibited priming morphine-induced reinstatement of CPP in a dose-dependent manner. YLSP markedly reduced nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase levels in the brain. Moreover, YLSP significantly decreased the dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the serum and brain. Furthermore, YLSP significantly decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations, inhibited the expression of dopamine D1 receptors and cAMP response element binding protein mRNA, and improved the expression of dopamine D2 receptor mRNA in the four brain regions. Our findings indicated that YLSP could inhibit the reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP possibly by modulating the NO-cGMP and D1R-cAMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihuan Nong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmei Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuqiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui He
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Attenuates Withdrawal Symptoms by Regulating Monoaminergic Neurotransmitters and NO Signaling Pathway at Nucleus Accumbens in Morphine-Dependent Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:531-539. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Topkara B, Yananli HR, Sakallı E, Demirkapu MJ. Effects of Injection of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Agonists into the Nucleus Accumbens on Naloxone-Induced Morphine Withdrawal. Pharmacology 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000477548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims: This study was to investigate the effects of local administration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal symptoms. Methods: Bilateral guide cannulas were stereotaxically implanted in the shell or core regions of the NAc of Sprague-Dawley rats. After a recovery period, 3 morphine pellets, each consisting of 75 mg morphine base, were placed subcutaneously on the first and third days of the study with the rats under mild ether anaesthesia. The GABA agonists, baclofen hydrochloride or muscimol hydrobromide, were injected into the NAc, and morphine withdrawal was induced by naloxone on the fifth day. Results: Administration of baclofen to the shell or core regions of the NAc of Sprague-Dawley rats led to statistically significant decreases in both behavioural and locomotor activity parameters during the morphine withdrawal period, compared to the control group. However, there were no statistically significant changes in locomotor activity or withdrawal behavioural parameters, with the exception of wet dog shakes, between control and muscimol-treated groups. Conclusion: These findings show that GABAergic conduction in the NAc is effective on the morphine withdrawal symptoms, and that both the shell and core regions of the NAc are associated with this effect.
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Chen C, Huang L, Nong Z, Li Y, Chen W, Huang J, Pan X, Wu G, Lin Y. Hyperbaric Oxygen Prevents Cognitive Impairments in Mice Induced by d-Galactose by Improving Cholinergic and Anti-apoptotic Functions. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1240-1253. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang W, Li N, Wang J, Chen G, Huang R, Zhao W, Li J, Si Y. Bioactive benzofuran-chalcanes as potential NQO1 inducers from Millettia pulchra (Benth) kurzvar-laxior (Dunn) Z.Wei. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 131:107-114. [PMID: 27663949 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Five chalcanes ((α'R)-2, α'-dimethoxy-furano-[4″, 5'': 3', 4'] chalcane, (α'R, βR)-2', α', β-trimethoxy-furano-[4″, 5'': 3', 4'] chalcane, (α'S, βR)-2', α', β-trimethoxy-furano-[4″, 5'': 3', 4'] chalcane, (α'R, βR)-2', β-dimethoxy-α'-hydroxyethoxy-furano-[4″, 5'': 3', 4'] chalcane, (α'S, βR)-2', β-dimethoxy-α'-hydroxyethoxy-furano-[4″, 5'': 3', 4'] chalcane) and a flavonoid glycoside (3', 7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-4', 5'-methylenedioxyisoflavone 6-O-β-D- glucopyranoside), together with 15 known components, were isolated from the leaves of Millettia pulchra (Benth) Kurzvar-laxior (Dunn) Z. Wei, a traditional Zhuang medicine. Their chemical structures were established by extensive analysis of NMR, mass spectrometry and ECD spectra. Furthermore compounds (α'R, βR)-2', β-dimethoxy-α'-hydroxyethoxy-furano-[4″, 5'': 3', 4'] chalcane, (α'S, βR)-2', β-dimethoxy-α'-hydroxyethoxy-furano-[4″, 5'': 3', 4'] chalcane, quercetin, methyl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosylbenzoate, 6,7-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyisoflavone and lyoniresinol were suggested to be potential chemopreventive agents because of their significant activity in inducing NQO1 ([NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1], a phase II metabolism enzyme).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yingying Si
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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Chen C, Nong Z, Meng M, Wen Q, Lin X, Qin F, Huang J, Huang R. Toxicological evaluation of Yulangsan polysaccharide in Wistar rats: A 26-week oral gavage study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 41:1-7. [PMID: 26645132 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have proven the medicinal values of Yulangsan polysaccharide (YLSP), the toxicity of this active ingredient is unknown. In the acute toxicity study, a single oral administration of 24 g/kg YLSP caused neither toxicological symptoms nor mortality, and the LD50 was estimated >24 g/kg. In the chronic toxicity study, we administered doses of 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 g/kg YLSP in rats by oral gavage for 26 weeks followed by a 3-week recovery period. There was no mortality or remarkable clinical signs observed during this 26-week study. Additionally, there were no toxic differences in the following parameters: body weight, food consumption, hematology, clinical biochemistry, organ weight, and macroscopic findings. There were no adverse effects on histopathology observed in males or female rats treated with YLSP. Based on the results, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level of YLSP in rats is greater than 2.4 g/kg when administered orally for 26 consecutive weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China; Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Zhihuan Nong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Mingyu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Qingwei Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Feizhang Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Jianchun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Doan VM, Chen C, Lin X, Nguyen VP, Nong Z, Li W, Chen Q, Ming J, Xie Q, Huang R. Yulangsan polysaccharide improves redox homeostasis and immune impairment in d-galactose-induced mimetic aging. Food Funct 2015; 6:1712-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Yulangsan polysaccharide (YLSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine used in long-term treatment as a modulator of brain dysfunction and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Minh Doan
- Department of Pharmacology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- PR China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- PR China
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- PR China
| | - Van Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- PR China
| | - Zhihuan Nong
- Department of Pharmacology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- PR China
| | - Weisi Li
- Department of Pharmacology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- PR China
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- PR China
| | - Jianjun Ming
- Department of Pharmacology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- PR China
| | - Qiuqiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- PR China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- PR China
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