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Chen A, Qu J, You Y, Pan J, Scheper V, Lin Y, Tian X, Shu F, Luo Y, Tang J, Zhang H. Intratympanic injection of MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles protects spiral ganglion neurons from degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117392. [PMID: 39232388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory deficits. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) exhibit very limited regeneration capacity and their degeneration leads to profound hearing loss. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) have been demonstrated to repair tissue damage in various degenerative diseases. However, the effects of MSC-sEV on SGN degeneration remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of MSC-sEV for protection against ouabain-induced SGN degeneration. MSC-sEV were derived from rat bone marrow and their components related to neuron growth were determined by proteomic analysis. In primary culture SGNs, MSC-sEV significantly promoted neurite growth and growth cone development. The RNA-Seq analysis of SGNs showed that enriched pathways include neuron development and axon regeneration, consistent with proteomics. In ouabain induced SGN degeneration rat model, MSC-sEV administration via intratympanic injection significantly enhanced SGN survival and mitigated hearing loss. Furthermore, after ouabain treatment, SGNs displayed evident signs of apoptosis, including nuclei condensation and fragmentation, with numerous cells exhibiting TUNEL-positive. However, administration of MSC-sEV effectively decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and reduced caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the potential of MSC-sEV in preventing SGN degeneration and promoting neural growth, suggesting intratympanic injection of MSC-sEV is a specific and efficient strategy for neural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anning Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Ear Research Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jiaxi Qu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Ear Research Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yunyou You
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Ear Research Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Ear Research Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", German Research Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Yongdong Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Ear Research Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xuexin Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Ear Research Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Fan Shu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Ear Research Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yanjing Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", German Research Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Ear Research Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Hongzheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Ear Research Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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Bautista-Perez SM, Silva-Islas CA, Sandoval-Marquez OU, Toledo-Toledo J, Bello-Martínez JM, Barrera-Oviedo D, Maldonado PD. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Garlic in Ischemic Stroke: Proposal of a New Mechanism of Protection through Regulation of Neuroplasticity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2126. [PMID: 38136245 PMCID: PMC10740829 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the main causes of death and disability in the world; despite this, pharmacological therapies against stroke remain insufficient. Ischemic stroke is the leading etiology of stroke. Different molecular mechanisms, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, participate in cell death and tissue damage. At a preclinical level, different garlic compounds have been evaluated against these mechanisms. Additionally, there is evidence supporting the participation of garlic compounds in other mechanisms that contribute to brain tissue recovery, such as neuroplasticity. After ischemia, neuroplasticity is activated to recover cognitive and motor function. Some garlic-derived compounds and preparations have shown the ability to promote neuroplasticity under physiological conditions and, more importantly, in cerebral damage models. This work describes damage/repair mechanisms and the importance of garlic as a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents against damage. Moreover, we examine the less-explored neurotrophic properties of garlic, culminating in proposals and observations based on our review of the available information. The aim of the present study is to propose that garlic compounds and preparations could contribute to the treatment of ischemic stroke through their neurotrophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Monserrat Bautista-Perez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Carlos Alfredo Silva-Islas
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Oscar Uriel Sandoval-Marquez
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Jesús Toledo-Toledo
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital General de Zona #30, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 08300, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Bello-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Departamento Cirugía General, Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City 11600, Mexico
| | - Diana Barrera-Oviedo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
| | - Perla D. Maldonado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
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Wang X, Mao X, Liang K, Chen X, Yue B, Yang Y. RIP3-mediated necroptosis was essential for spiral ganglion neuron damage. Neurosci Lett 2021; 744:135565. [PMID: 33359086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To identify the role of RIP3 in ouabain-induced necroptosis and offer clinical implications to prevent spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) from death, ouabain was applied in SGNs derived from fetal rats and injected into Sprague-Dawley rats to construct injury model in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The necroptosis rate of SGNs was determined by flow cytometry and MTT assays. The protein levels and phosphorylation of RIP3 were evaluated using western blotting and immunofluorescence. SGNs injury was observed using H&E staining and immunofluorescence. The hearing function of rats was evaluated by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) methods. Ouabain caused dose-dependent necroptosis in SGNs and significant loss of SGNs of the cochlear axis in vivo. RIP3 and pRIP3 were upregulated with SGNs injury promoted, and RIP3 overexpression promoted ouabain-induced necroptosis in SGNs in vitro, which could be suppressed by necrostatin-1. RIP3 knockdown inhibited ouabain-induced necroptosis and reduced the phosphorylation of MLKL but no RIP3-dependent effect on the level of MLKL. RIP3 inhibition in vivo protected rats from ouabain-induced hearing damage with reducing ABR threshold shifts and promoting DPOAE amplitudes, while overexpression of RIP3 enhanced ouabain-induced injury that could be partially reversed by necrostatin-1. A decrease of SGNs density and an upregulation of pRIP3 were observed with RIP3 overexpression, which was in contrast when RIP3 was silenced. Therefore, RIP3 was essential for mediating necroptosis in ouabain-induced SGNs damage. Targeting RIP3 may prevent SGNs from death in clinical practice, and finally help the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 928th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Haikou 571159, Hainan Province, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Yue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Mitochondrial Damage and Necroptosis in Aging Cochlea. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072505. [PMID: 32260310 PMCID: PMC7177801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is presently untreatable. Previous studies using animal models have suggested mitochondrial damage and programmed cell death to be involved with ARHL. Thus, we further investigated the pathophysiologic role of mitochondria and necroptosis in aged C57BL/6J male mice. Aged mice (20 months old) exhibited a significant loss of hearing, number of hair cells, neuronal fibers, and synaptic ribbons compared to young mice. Ultrastructural analysis of aged cochleae revealed damaged mitochondria with absent or disorganized cristae. Aged mice also showed significant decrease in cochlear blood flow, and exhibited increase in gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and 3 (RIPK1 and RIPK3) and the pseudokinase mixed-lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Immunofluorescence (IF) assays of cytochrome C oxidase I (COX1) confirmed mitochondrial dysfunction in aged cochleae, which correlated with the degree of mitochondrial morphological damage. IF assays also revealed localization and increased expression of RIPK3 in sensorineural tissues that underwent significant necroptosis (inner and outer hair cells and stria vascularis). Together, our data shows that the aging cochlea exhibits damaged mitochondria, enhanced synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, and provides new evidence of necroptosis in the aging cochlea in in vivo.
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Abbas L, Rivolta MN. The use of animal models to study cell transplantation in neuropathic hearing loss. Hear Res 2019; 377:72-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Choi MJ, Kang H, Lee YY, Choo OS, Jang JH, Park SH, Moon JS, Choi SJ, Choung YH. Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Rats Is Driven by RIP3-Dependent Necroptosis. Cells 2019; 8:E409. [PMID: 31052605 PMCID: PMC6562419 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced early-onset ototoxicity is linked to hearing loss. The mechanism by which cisplatin causes ototoxicity remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the involvement of receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP)3-dependent necroptosis in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats (SD, 8 week) were treated via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with cisplatin (16 mg/kg for 1 day), and their hearing thresholds were measured by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) method. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blots were performed to determine the effect of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity on cochlear morphology. Inhibitor experiments with necrostatin 1 (Nec-1) and Z-VAD were also performed in HEI-OC1 cell line. H&E stains revealed that the necroptotic changes were increased in the organ of Corti (OC) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Moreover, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis showed that cisplatin treatment increased the protein levels of RIP3 in both OCs and SGNs. The treatment of Nec-1, a selective RIP1 inhibitor, resulted in markedly suppression of cisplatin-induced cell death in HEI-OC1 cells, whereas Z-VAD treatment did not change the cisplatin-induced cell death. Our results suggest that RIP3-dependent necroptosis was substantial in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity; inner cochlear regions, the OCs, and SGNs were especially sensitive to necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jin Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- Bk21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Hyunsook Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - Yun Yeong Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- Bk21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Oak-Sung Choo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- Bk21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hun Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- Bk21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hee Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- Bk21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - Seong Jun Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- Bk21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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Xu J, Mo J, Liu X, Marshall B, Atherton SS, Dong Z, Smith S, Zhang M. Depletion of the Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIP3) Decreases Photoreceptor Cell Death During the Early Stages of Ocular Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:2445-2458. [PMID: 29847649 PMCID: PMC5957522 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) plays a significant role in innate immune responses and death of bystander retinal neurons during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) retinal infection, by comparing the innate immune response and cell death in RIP3-depleted mice (Rip3−/−) and Rip3+/+ control mice. Methods Rip3−/− and Rip3+/+ mice were immunosuppressed (IS) and inoculated with MCMV via the supraciliary route. Virus-injected and mock-injected control eyes were removed at days 4, 7, and 10 post infection (p.i.) and markers of innate immunity and cell death were analyzed. Results Compared to Rip3+/+ mice, significantly more MCMV was recovered and more MCMV-infected RPE cells were observed in injected eyes of Rip3−/− mice at days 4 and 7 p.i. In contrast, fewer TUNEL-stained photoreceptors were observed in Rip3−/− eyes than in Rip3+/+ eyes at these times. Electron microscopy showed that significantly more apoptotic photoreceptor cells were present in Rip3+/+ mice than in Rip3−/− mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that the majority of TUNEL-stained photoreceptors died via mitochondrial flavoprotein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-mediated, caspase 3–independent apoptosis. The majority of RIP3-expressing cells in infected eyes were RPE cells, microglia/macrophages, and glia, whereas retinal neurons contained much lower amounts of RIP3. Western blots showed significantly higher levels of activated nuclear factor–κB and caspase 1 were present in Rip3+/+ eyes compared to Rip3−/− eyes. Conclusions Our results suggest that RIP3 enhances innate immune responses against ocular MCMV infection via activation of the inflammasome and nuclear factor–κB, which also leads to inflammation and death of bystander cells by multiple pathways including apoptosis and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Xu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Juan Mo
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Xinglou Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Brendan Marshall
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Sally S Atherton
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Sylvia Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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Necroptosis and Apoptosis Contribute to Cisplatin and Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2951-2964. [PMID: 30733218 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1384-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ototoxic side effects of cisplatin and aminoglycosides have been extensively studied, but no therapy is available to date. Sensory hair cells, upon exposure to cisplatin or aminoglycosides, undergo apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Blocking these cell death pathways has therapeutic potential in theory, but incomplete protection and lack of therapeutic targets in the case of necrosis, has hampered the development of clinically applicable drugs. Over the past decade, a novel form of necrosis, termed necroptosis, was established as an alternative cell death pathway. Necroptosis is distinguished from passive necrotic cell death, in that it follows a cellular program, involving the receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 and RIPK3. In this study, we used pharmacological and genetic interventions in the mouse to test the relative contributions of necroptosis and caspase-8-mediated apoptosis toward cisplatin and aminoglycoside ototoxicity. We find that ex vivo, only apoptosis contributes to cisplatin and aminoglycoside ototoxicity, while in vivo, necroptosis as well as apoptosis are involved in both sexes. Inhibition of necroptosis and apoptosis using pharmacological compounds is thus a viable strategy to ameliorate aminoglycoside and cisplatin ototoxicity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The clinical application of cisplatin and aminoglycosides is limited due to ototoxic side effects. Here, using pharmaceutical and genetic intervention, we present evidence that two types of programmed cell death, apoptosis and necroptosis, contribute to aminoglycoside and cisplatin ototoxicity. Key molecular factors mediating necroptosis are well characterized and druggable, presenting new avenues for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Ouabain Does Not Induce Selective Spiral Ganglion Cell Degeneration in Guinea Pigs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1568414. [PMID: 30151372 PMCID: PMC6091334 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1568414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Round window membrane (RWM) application of ouabain is known to selectively destroy type I spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) in cochleas of several rodent species, while leaving hair cells intact. This protocol has been used in rats and Mongolian gerbils, but observations in the guinea pig are conflicting. This is why we reinvestigated the effect of ouabain on the guinea pig cochlea. Ouabain solutions of different concentrations were placed, in a piece of gelfoam, upon the RWM of the right cochleas. Auditory function was assessed using acoustically evoked auditory brainstem responses (aABR). Finally, cochleas were fixed and processed for histological examination. Due to variability within treatment groups, histological data was pooled and three categories based upon general histological observations were defined: cochleas without outer hair cell (OHC) and SGC loss (Category 1), cochleas with OHC loss only (Category 2), and cochleas with OHC and SGC loss (Category 3). Animals treated with 1 mM or 10 mM ouabain showed shifts in hearing thresholds, corresponding with varying histological changes in their cochleas. Most cochleas exhibited complete outer hair cell loss in the basal and middle turns, while some had no changes, together with either moderate or near-complete loss of SGCs. Neither loss of inner hair cells nor histological changes of the stria vascularis were observed in any of the animals. Cochleas in Category 1 had normal aABRs and morphology. On average, in Category 2 OHC loss was 46.0±5.7%, SGC loss was below threshold, ABR threshold shift was 44.9±2.7 dB, and ABR wave II amplitude was decreased by 17.1±3.8 dB. In Category 3 OHC loss was 68.3±6.9%, SGC loss was 49.4±4.3%, ABR threshold shift was 39.0±2.4 dB, and ABR amplitude was decreased by 15.8±1.6 dB. Our results show that ouabain does not solely destroy type I SGCs in the guinea pig cochlea.
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Watanabe S, Suzuki T, Hara F, Yasui T, Uga N, Naoe A. Polyphyllin D, a steroidal saponin in Paris polyphylla, induces apoptosis and necroptosis cell death of neuroblastoma cells. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33:713-719. [PMID: 28260192 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-017-4069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is a refractory pediatric malignant solid tumor. The previous studies demonstrated that Polyphyllin D, the main constituent of Paris polyphylla, a traditional Chinese medicine, exerts an anti-tumor effect on many tumors. However, its effects against neuroblastomas are unclear. METHODS We examined the anti-tumor effect of polyphyllin D in human neuroblastoma using IMR-32 and LA-N-2 cells, which exhibit MYCN gene amplification, and NB-69 cells, which do not exhibit MYCN gene amplification. RESULTS All cell lines showed reduced cell viability in response to polyphyllin D treatment. No caspase-3/-7, -8, and -9 activity was observed in IMR-32 and LA-N-2 cells treated with polyphyllin D. In contrast, activation of caspase-3/-7, and -8 activity was observed in NB-69 cells. When polyphyllin D and specific inhibitors of RIPK3 involved in necroptosis were added to IMR-32 and LA-N-2 cell lines, polyphyllin D-induced cell death was inhibited. CONCLUSION Together, this indicates that the underlying mechanism of polyphyllin D-induced cell death in NB-69 cells is apoptosis, whereas the cell death of IMR-32 and LA-N-2 cells occurs by necroptosis. We continue research on this topic and look forward the discovery of a new therapeutic agent for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Tatuya Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Fujio Hara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yasui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naoko Uga
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Atuki Naoe
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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Venugopal J, Blanco G. Ouabain Enhances ADPKD Cell Apoptosis via the Intrinsic Pathway. Front Physiol 2016; 7:107. [PMID: 27047392 PMCID: PMC4805603 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is highly influenced by factors circulating in blood. We have shown that the hormone ouabain enhances several characteristics of the ADPKD cystic phenotype, including the rate of cell proliferation, fluid secretion and the capacity of the cells to form cysts. In this work, we found that physiological levels of ouabain (3 nM) also promote programmed cell death of renal epithelial cells obtained from kidney cysts of patients with ADPKD (ADPKD cells). This was determined by Alexa Fluor 488 labeled-Annexin-V staining and TUNEL assay, both biochemical markers of apoptosis. Ouabain-induced apoptosis also takes place when ADPKD cell growth is blocked; suggesting that the effect is not secondary to the stimulatory actions of ouabain on cell proliferation. Ouabain alters the expression of BCL family of proteins, reducing BCL-2 and increasing BAX expression levels, anti- and pro-apoptotic mediators respectively. In addition, ouabain caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Moreover, ouabain activates caspase-3, a key “executioner” caspase in the cell apoptotic pathway, but did not affect caspase-8. This suggests that ouabain triggers ADPKD cell apoptosis by stimulating the intrinsic, but not the extrinsic pathway of programmed cell death. The apoptotic effects of ouabain are specific for ADPKD cells and do not occur in normal human kidney cells (NHK cells). Taken together with our previous observations, these results show that ouabain causes an imbalance in cell growth/death, to favor growth of the cystic cells. This event, characteristic of ADPKD, further suggests the importance of ouabain as a circulating factor that promotes ADPKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Venugopal
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Gustavo Blanco
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, KS, USA
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Ding W, Shang L, Huang JF, Li N, Chen D, Xue LX, Xiong K. Receptor interacting protein 3-induced RGC-5 cell necroptosis following oxygen glucose deprivation. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:49. [PMID: 26238997 PMCID: PMC4524047 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necroptosis is a type of regulated form of cell death that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), a member of the RIP family of proteins, has been reported as an important necroptotic pathway mediator in regulating a variety of human diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, inflammatory bowel disease, and ischemic brain injury. Our previous study showed that RIP3 was expressed in rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), where it was significantly upregulated during the early stage of acute high intraocular pressure. Furthermore, RIP3 expression was co-localized with propidium iodide (PI)-positive staining (necrotic cells). These results suggested that RIP3 up-regulation might be involved in the necrosis of injured RGCs. In this study, we aimed to reveal the possible involvement of RIP3 in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced retinal ganglion cell-5 (RGC-5) necroptosis. Methods RGC-5 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s-modified essential medium and necroptosis was induced by 8 h OGD. PI staining and flow cytometry were performed to detect RGC-5 necrosis. RIP3 expression was detected by western blot and flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of RIP3 on RGC-5 necroptosis following OGD in rip3 knockdown cells. Malondialdehyde (MDA) lipid peroxidation assay was performed to determine the degree of oxidative stress. Results PI staining showed that necrosis was present in the early stage of OGD-induced RGC-5 cell death. The presence of RGC-5 necroptosis after OGD was detected by flow cytometry using necrostatin-1, a necroptosis inhibitor. Western blot demonstrated that RIP3 up-regulation may be involved in RGC-5 necroptosis. Flow cytometry revealed that the number of OGD-induced necrotic RGC-5 cells was reduced after rip3 knockdown. Furthermore, MDA levels in the normal RGC-5 cells were much higher than in the rip3-knockdown cells after OGD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that RGC-5 cell necroptosis following OGD is mediated by a RIP3-induced increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Li-Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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