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Sánchez-Jaramillo E, Wittmann G, Menyhért J, Singru P, Gómez-González GB, Sánchez-Islas E, Yáñez-Recendis N, Pimentel-Cabrera JA, León-Olea M, Gereben B, Fekete C, Charli JL, Lechan RM. Origin of thyrotropin-releasing hormone neurons that innervate the tuberomammillary nuclei. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2329-2347. [PMID: 35934753 PMCID: PMC9418084 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons function as metabolic sensors that regulate the thyroid axis and energy homeostasis. Less is known about the role of other hypothalamic TRH neurons. As central administration of TRH decreases food intake and increases histamine in the tuberomammillary nuclei (TMN), and TMN histamine neurons are densely innervated by TRH fibers from an unknown origin, we mapped the location of TRH neurons that project to the TMN. The retrograde tracer, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), was injected into the TMN E1-E2, E4-E5 subdivisions of adult Sprague-Dawley male rats. TMN projecting neurons were observed in the septum, preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), perifornical area, anterior paraventricular nucleus, peduncular and tuberal lateral hypothalamus (TuLH), suprachiasmatic nucleus and medial amygdala. However, CTB/pro-TRH178-199 double-labeled cells were only found in the TuLH. The specificity of the retrograde tract-tracing result was confirmed by administering the anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin (PHAL) into the TuLH. Double-labeled PHAL-pro-TRH boutons were identified in all subdivisions of the TMN. TMN neurons double-labeled for histidine decarboxylase (Hdc)/PHAL, Hdc/Trh receptor (Trhr), and Hdc/Trh. Further confirmation of a TuLH-TRH neuronal projection to the TMN was established in a transgenic mouse that expresses Cre recombinase in TRH-producing cells following microinjection of a Cre recombinase-dependent AAV that expresses mCherry into the TuLH. We conclude that, in rodents, the TRH innervation of TMN originates in part from TRH neurons in the TuLH, and that this TRH population may contribute to regulate energy homeostasis through histamine Trhr-positive neurons of the TMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Sánchez-Jaramillo
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Molecular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 México, CDMX México
| | - Gábor Wittmann
- Tupper Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Judit Menyhért
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083 Hungary
| | - Praful Singru
- Tupper Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
- Present Address: School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Gabriela B. Gómez-González
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Molecular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 México, CDMX México
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 62210 Cuernavaca, MOR México
| | - Eduardo Sánchez-Islas
- Departamento de Neuromorfología Funcional, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 México, CDMX México
| | - Nashiely Yáñez-Recendis
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Molecular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 México, CDMX México
| | - Jaime Arturo Pimentel-Cabrera
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopia Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 62210 Cuernavaca, MOR México
| | - Martha León-Olea
- Departamento de Neuromorfología Funcional, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 México, CDMX México
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083 Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Tupper Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083 Hungary
| | - Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 62210 Cuernavaca, MOR México
| | - Ronald M. Lechan
- Tupper Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111 USA
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Peterlik D, Flor PJ, Uschold-Schmidt N. The Emerging Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Stress-Related Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:514-39. [PMID: 27296643 PMCID: PMC4983752 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150515234920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress-related psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression, and alcohol abuse are an enormous public health concern. The etiology of these pathologies is complex, with psychosocial stressors being among the most frequently discussed risk factors. The brain glutamatergic neurotransmitter system has often been found involved in behaviors and pathophysiologies resulting from acute stress and fear. Despite this, relatively little is known about the role of glutamatergic system components in chronic psychosocial stress, neither in rodents nor in humans. Recently, drug discovery efforts at the metabotropic receptor subtypes of the glutamatergic system (mGlu1-8 receptors) led to the identification of pharmacological tools with emerging potential in psychiatric conditions. But again, the contribution of individual mGlu subtypes to the manifestation of physiological, molecular, and behavioral consequences of chronic psychosocial stress remains still largely unaddressed. The current review will describe animal models typically used to analyze acute and particularly chronic stress conditions, including models of psychosocial stress, and there we will discuss the emerging roles for mGlu receptor subtypes. Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates relevance and potential therapeutic usefulness of mGlu2/3 ligands and mGlu5 receptor antagonists in chronic stress-related disorders. In addition, a role for further mechanisms, e.g. mGlu7-selective compounds, is beginning to emerge. These mechanisms are important to be analyzed in chronic psychosocial stress paradigms, e.g. in the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) model. We summarize the early results and discuss necessary future investigations, especially for mGlu5 and mGlu7 receptor blockers, which might serve to suggest improved therapeutic strategies to treat stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J Flor
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Uschold-Schmidt
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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