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Lotzin A, Stahlmann K, Acquarini E, Ajdukovic D, Ajdukovic M, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Ardino V, Bondjers K, Bragesjö M, Böttche M, Dragan M, Figueiredo-Braga M, Gelezelyte O, Grajewski P, Javakhishvili JD, Kazlauskas E, Lenferink L, Lioupi C, Lueger-Schuster B, Mooren T, Sales L, Tsiskarishvili L, Novakovic IZ, Schäfer I. A longitudinal study of risk and protective factors for symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2318944. [PMID: 38644753 PMCID: PMC11036902 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2318944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused multiple stressors that may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder.Objective: We longitudinally examined relationships between risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether these relationships differed by the time of assessment.Method: The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST Study included N = 15,169 participants aged 18 years and above. Participants from 11 European countries were recruited and screened three times at 6-month intervals from June 2020 to January 2022. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender), stressors (e.g. fear of infection), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (AjD, ADNM-8) and their interaction with time of assessment were examined using mixed linear regression.Results: The following predictors were significantly associated with higher AjD symptom levels: female or diverse gender; older age; pandemic-related news consumption >30 min a day; a current or previous mental health disorder; trauma exposure before or during the pandemic; a good, satisfactory or poor health status (vs. very good); burden related to governmental crisis management and communication; fear of infection; restricted social contact; work-related problems; restricted activity; and difficult housing conditions. The following predictors were associated with lower AjD levels: self-employment or retirement; working in healthcare; and face-to-face contact ≥ once a week with loved ones or friends. The effects of the following predictors on AjD symptoms differed by the time of assessment in the course of the pandemic: a current or previous mental disorder; burden related to governmental crisis management; income reduction; and a current trauma exposure.Conclusions: We identified risk factors and stressors predicting AjD symptom levels at different stages of the pandemic. For some predictors, the effects on mental health may change at different stages of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Stahlmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dean Ajdukovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Ajdukovic
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Kristina Bondjers
- National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Bragesjö
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Odeta Gelezelyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lonneke Lenferink
- Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Chrysanthi Lioupi
- Psychology Program, School of Ηumanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Brigitte Lueger-Schuster
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Trudy Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Sales
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Militar, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Irina Zrnic Novakovic
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - ADJUST Study Consortium
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Sala E, Paraggio E, Abrami MA, Tomasi C, Tomasini E, Sansone E, Barlati S, Vita A, De Palma G. Cross-Sectional Study of the Psychological Well-Being of Healthcare Workers in a Large European University Hospital after the COVID-19 Initial Wave. Med Lav 2023; 114:e2023051. [PMID: 38060210 PMCID: PMC10731571 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v114i6.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic greatly impacted healthcare workers (HCWs) dedicated to caring for COVID-19 patients. The study was conducted in a large European hospital to study the psychological distress of HCWs engaged in COVID-19 wards in the early phase of the pandemic. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to 1229 HCWs aimed at collecting the following information: 1) sociodemographic data; 2) depression, anxiety, and stress scales (DASS-21); 3) event impact scale (IES-R); 4) perceived stress scale (PSS); and 5) work interface analysis. The responses were collected through Google® forms and then statistically analyzed. Regardless of the outcome of the questionnaire, all subjects were offered psychological support voluntarily. RESULTS Approximately two-thirds of the workers reported no symptoms according to the DASS-21 scales, while the IES-R and PSS scales showed 36% and 43%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of depression investigated through the different scales in the various occupational categories. Symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression were more pronounced in women, while the highest stress levels were observed in the younger age groups. The highest scores were observed on the DAS-21 scales of anxiety and IES-R but not on the others. Only 51 workers, most of them with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, sought clinical psychological counseling, and more than half received subsequent psychological support. CONCLUSIONS Our results agree with most of the literature data that anxiety, depression, and stress are associated with gender (female), age (18-44 vs. over 55), and having cared for patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sala
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, University Hospital ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy..
| | - Emilio Paraggio
- Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy..
| | - Maria Angela Abrami
- Unit of Clinical Psychology and of Wellness; Department of Mental Health, University Hospital ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy..
| | - Cesare Tomasi
- Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy..
| | - Emanuela Tomasini
- Prevention, Hygiene and Safety in the Workplace, Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy..
| | - Emanuele Sansone
- Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy..
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy..
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy..
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, University Hospital ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical Surgical Special-ties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy..
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3
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van Doeselaar L, Stark T, Mitra S, Yang H, Bordes J, Stolwijk L, Engelhardt C, Kovarova V, Narayan S, Brix LM, Springer M, Deussing JM, Lopez JP, Czisch M, Schmidt MV. Sex-specific and opposed effects of FKBP51 in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons: Implications for stress susceptibility and resilience. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300722120. [PMID: 37252963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300722120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health disorders often arise as a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The FKBP5 gene, encoding the GR co-chaperone FKBP51, has been uncovered as a key genetic risk factor for stress-related illness. However, the exact cell type and region-specific mechanisms by which FKBP51 contributes to stress resilience or susceptibility processes remain to be unravelled. FKBP51 functionality is known to interact with the environmental risk factors age and sex, but so far data on behavioral, structural, and molecular consequences of these interactions are still largely unknown. Here we report the cell type- and sex-specific contribution of FKBP51 to stress susceptibility and resilience mechanisms under the high-risk environmental conditions of an older age, by using two conditional knockout models within glutamatergic (Fkbp5Nex) and GABAergic (Fkbp5Dlx) neurons of the forebrain. Specific manipulation of Fkbp51 in these two cell types led to opposing effects on behavior, brain structure and gene expression profiles in a highly sex-dependent fashion. The results emphasize the role of FKBP51 as a key player in stress-related illness and the need for more targeted and sex-specific treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte van Doeselaar
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Tibor Stark
- Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Shiladitya Mitra
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Huanqing Yang
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Joeri Bordes
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Stolwijk
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Clara Engelhardt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Kovarova
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Sowmya Narayan
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Lea M Brix
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Margherita Springer
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Research Group Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna 171 77, Sweden
| | - Michael Czisch
- Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807 Munich, Germany
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Martini P, Mingardi J, Carini G, Mattevi S, Ndoj E, La Via L, Magri C, Gennarelli M, Russo I, Popoli M, Musazzi L, Barbon A. Transcriptional Profiling of Rat Prefrontal Cortex after Acute Inescapable Footshock Stress. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030740. [PMID: 36981011 PMCID: PMC10048409 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a primary risk factor for psychiatric disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The response to stress involves the regulation of transcriptional programs, which is supposed to play a role in coping with stress. To evaluate transcriptional processes implemented after exposure to unavoidable traumatic stress, we applied microarray expression analysis to the PFC of rats exposed to acute footshock (FS) stress that were sacrificed immediately after the 40 min session or 2 h or 24 h after. While no substantial changes were observed at the single gene level immediately after the stress session, gene set enrichment analysis showed alterations in neuronal pathways associated with glia development, glia-neuron networking, and synaptic function. Furthermore, we found alterations in the expression of gene sets regulated by specific transcription factors that could represent master regulators of the acute stress response. Of note, these pathways and transcriptional programs are activated during the early stress response (immediately after FS) and are already turned off after 2 h-while at 24 h, the transcriptional profile is largely unaffected. Overall, our analysis provided a transcriptional landscape of the early changes triggered by acute unavoidable FS stress in the PFC of rats, suggesting that the transcriptional wave is fast and mild, but probably enough to activate a cellular response to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Martini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Mingardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Carini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mattevi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elona Ndoj
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca La Via
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Magri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Grabowska K, Ziemichód W, Biała G. Recent Studies on the Development of Nicotine Abuse and Behavioral Changes Induced by Chronic Stress Depending on Gender. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010121. [PMID: 36672102 PMCID: PMC9857036 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, stressful situations are an unavoidable element of everyday life. Stressors activate a number of complex mental and physiological reactions in the organism, thus affecting the state of health of an individual. Stress is the main risk factor in the development of mental disorders, such as depression and other disorders developing as a result of addiction. Studies indicate that women are twice as likely as men to develop anxiety, depression and therefore addiction, e.g., to nicotine. Even though the data presented is indicative of significant differences between the sexes in the prevalence of these disorders, the majority of preclinical animal models for investigating stress-induced disorders use predominantly male subjects. However, the recent data indicates that this type of studies has also been launched in female rodents. Therefore, conducting research on both sexes allows for a more accurate understanding and assessment of the impact of stress on stress-induced behavioral, peripheral and molecular changes in the body and brain. In this manuscript we have gathered the data from 41 years (from 1981-2022) on the influence of stress on the development of depression and nicotine addiction in both sexes.
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Brivio P, Gallo MT, Karel P, Cogi G, Fumagalli F, Homberg JR, Calabrese F. Alterations of mitochondrial dynamics in serotonin transporter knockout rats: A possible role in the fear extinction recall mechanisms. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:957702. [PMID: 36386781 PMCID: PMC9650094 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.957702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-related mental disorders encompass a plethora of pathologies that share the exposure to a negative environment as trigger for their development. The vulnerability to the effects of a negative environment is not equal to all but differs between individuals based on the genetic background makeup. Here, to study the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying increased threat anticipation, we employed an animal model showing this symptom (5-HTT knockout rats) which we exposed to Pavlovian fear conditioning (FC). We investigated the role of mitochondria, taking advantage of the recent evidence showing that the dynamic of these organelles is dysregulated after stress exposure. Behavioral experiments revealed that, during the second day of extinction of the FC paradigm, 5-HTT knockout (5-HTT-/-) animals showed a lack of fear extinction recall. From a mechanistic standpoint, we carried out our molecular analyses on the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, given their role in the management of the fear response due to their tight connection. We demonstrated that mitochondrial dynamics are impaired in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex of 5-HTT-/- rats. The dissection of the potential contributing factors revealed a critical role in the mechanisms regulating fission and fusion that are dysregulated in transgenic animals. Furthermore, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and the production of antioxidant enzymes were altered in these brain regions in 5-HTT-/- rats. In summary, our data suggest that increased extracellular 5-HT levels cause an unbalance of mitochondrial functionality that could contribute to the reduced extinction recall of 5-HTT-/- rats, pointing out the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Our findings, also, provide some interesting insights into the targeted development of drugs to treat such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brivio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Gallo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Karel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Giulia Cogi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Zhukovsky P, Wainberg M, Milic M, Tripathy SJ, Mulsant BH, Felsky D, Voineskos AN. Multiscale neural signatures of major depressive, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204433119. [PMID: 35648832 PMCID: PMC9191681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204433119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of shared and distinct neural mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, and stress-related disorders is still unclear. We compared the neural signatures of these disorders in 5,405 UK Biobank patients and 21,727 healthy controls. We found the greatest case–control differences in resting-state functional connectivity and cortical thickness in MDD, followed by anxiety and stress-related disorders. Neural signatures for MDD and anxiety disorders were highly concordant, whereas stress-related disorders showed a distinct pattern. Controlling for cross-disorder genetic risk somewhat decreased the similarity between functional neural signatures of stress-related disorders and both MDD and anxiety disorders. Among cases and healthy controls, reduced within-network and increased between-network frontoparietal and default mode connectivity were associated with poorer cognitive performance (processing speed, attention, associative learning, and fluid intelligence). These results provide evidence for distinct neural circuit function impairments in MDD and anxiety disorders compared to stress disorders, yet cognitive impairment appears unrelated to diagnosis and varies with circuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhukovsky
- aCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- bDepartment of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Michael Wainberg
- aCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Milos Milic
- aCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- bDepartment of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Shreejoy J. Tripathy
- aCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- bDepartment of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- cDepartment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Benoit H. Mulsant
- aCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- bDepartment of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- dInstitute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel Felsky
- aCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- bDepartment of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- dInstitute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- eDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- aCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- bDepartment of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- 2To whom correspondence may be addressed.
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8
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Collin LJ, Veres K, Gradus JL, Ahern TP, Lash TL, Sørensen HT. Preexisting stress-related diagnoses and mortality: A Danish cancer cohort study. Cancer 2022; 128:1312-1320. [PMID: 34797563 PMCID: PMC8882160 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the association between preexisting stress-related diagnoses and mortality in a Danish population-based cancer cohort. METHODS This study included Danish patients with cancer diagnosed in 1995-2011 who had a stress-related diagnosis before their cancer diagnosis. Cancer patients without a prior stress-related diagnosis were matched 5:1 to the stress disorder cohort by cancer site, age group, calendar period, and sex. The 5-year cumulative incidence of cancer-specific and all-cause mortality was computed by stress-related diagnosis category. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associating stress-related diagnoses with mortality were computed by follow-up time, stress-related diagnosis category, stage, comorbidity status, and cancer type. RESULTS This study identified 4437 cancer patients with a preexisting stress-related diagnosis and 22,060 matched cancer cohort members. The 5-year cumulative risk of cancer-specific mortality was 33% (95% CI, 32%-35%) for those with a preexisting stress-related diagnosis and 29% (95% CI, 28%-29%) for those without a prior stress-related diagnosis. Cancer patients with a preexisting stress-related diagnosis had a 1.3 times higher cancer-specific mortality rate than the comparison cohort members (95% CI, 1.2-1.5). This increase persisted across categories of stress-related diagnosis. The association varied by stage and cancer type, with more pronounced associations found among those with a late stage at diagnosis and hematological malignancies. CONCLUSIONS Cancer patients with preexisting stress-related diagnoses had increased rates of cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. The results suggest that psychiatric comorbidities may be an important consideration for cancer prognosis, and cancer treatment informed by a patient's history may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Collin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Katalin Veres
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jaimie L Gradus
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas P Ahern
- Department of Surgery, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biochemistry, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gururajan A, Bastiaanssen TFS, Ventura Silva AP, Moloney GM, Cryan JF. The impact of psychosocial defeat stress on the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis transcriptome in adult male mice. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:67-77. [PMID: 34904308 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a focal point for the convergence of inputs from canonical stress-sensitive structures to fine-tune the response to stress. However, its role in mediating phenotypes of stress resilience or susceptibility is yet to be fully defined. In this study, we carried out unbiased RNA-sequencing to analyse the BNST transcriptomes of adult male mice, which were classified as resilient or susceptible following a 10-day chronic psychosocial defeat stress paradigm. Pairwise comparisons revealed 20 differentially expressed genes in resilience (6) and susceptible (14) mice compared with controls. An in silico validation of our data against an earlier study revealed significant concordance in gene expression profiles associated with resilience to chronic stress. Enrichment analysis revealed that resilience is linked to functions including retinoic acid hydrolase activity, phospholipase inhibitor and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor activities, whereas susceptibility is linked to alterations in amino acid transporter activity. We also identified differential usage of 134 exons across 103 genes associated with resilience and susceptibility; enrichment analysis for genes with differential exon usage in resilient mice was linked to functions including adrenergic receptor binding mice and oxysterol binding in susceptible mice. Our findings highlight the important and underappreciated role of the BNST in stress resilience and susceptibility and reveal research avenues for follow-up investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Gururajan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura Silva
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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10
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Carter JS, Kearns AM, Reichel CM. Complex Interactions Between Sex and Stress on Heroin Seeking. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:784365. [PMID: 34955731 PMCID: PMC8702641 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.784365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Stress plays a dual role in substance use disorders as a precursor to drug intake and a relapse precipitant. With heroin use at epidemic proportions in the United States, understanding interactions between stress disorders and opioid use disorder is vital and will aid in treatment of these frequently comorbid conditions. Objectives: Here, we combine assays of stress and contingent heroin self-administration (SA) to study behavioral adaptations in response to stress and heroin associated cues in male and female rats. Methods: Rats underwent acute restraint stress paired with an odor stimulus and heroin SA for subsequent analysis of stress and heroin cue reactivity. Lofexidine was administered during heroin SA and reinstatement testing to evaluate its therapeutic potential. Rats also underwent tests on the elevated plus maze, locomotor activity in a novel environment, and object recognition memory following stress and/or heroin. Results: A history of stress and heroin resulted in disrupted behavior on multiple levels. Stress rats avoided the stress conditioned stimulus and reinstated heroin seeking in response to it, with males reinstating to a greater extent than females. Lofexidine decreased heroin intake, reinstatement, and motor activity. Previous heroin exposure increased time spent in the closed arms of an elevated plus maze, activity in a round novel field, and resulted in object recognition memory deficits. Discussion: These studies report that a history of stress and heroin results in maladaptive coping strategies and suggests a need for future studies seeking to understand circuits recruited in this pathology and eventually help develop therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmela M. Reichel
- Reichel Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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11
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Lotzin A, Krause L, Acquarini E, Ajdukovic D, Ardino V, Arnberg F, Böttche M, Bragesjö M, Dragan M, Figueiredo-Braga M, Gelezelyte O, Grajewski P, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Javakhishvili JD, Kazlauskas E, Lenferink L, Lioupi C, Lueger-Schuster B, Tsiskarishvili L, Mooren T, Sales L, Stevanovic A, Zrnic I, Schäfer I, ADJUST Study Consortium. Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1964197. [PMID: 34992755 PMCID: PMC8725769 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1964197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic exposes individuals to multiple stressors, such as quarantine, physical distancing, job loss, risk of infection, and loss of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors potentially lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder. Objective This cross-sectional exploratory study examined relationships between risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Data from the first wave of the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) longitudinal ADJUST Study were used. N = 15,563 participants aged 18 years and above were recruited in eleven countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden) from June to November 2020. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender, diagnosis of a mental health disorder), stressors (e.g. fear of infection, restricted face-to-face contact), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (ADNM-8) were examined using multivariate linear regression. Results The prevalence of self-reported probable adjustment disorder was 18.2%. Risk factors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were female gender, older age, being at risk for severe COVID-19 illness, poorer general health status, current or previous trauma exposure, a current or previous mental health disorder, and longer exposure to COVID-19 news. Protective factors related to lower levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were higher income, being retired, and having more face-to-face contact with loved ones or friends. Pandemic-related stressors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder included fear of infection, governmental crisis management, restricted social contact, work-related problems, restricted activity, and difficult housing conditions. Conclusions We identified stressors, risk, and protective factors that may help identify individuals at higher risk for adjustment disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dean Ajdukovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Filip Arnberg
- Department of Neuroscience, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Bragesjö
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, PortoPortugal
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Odeta Gelezelyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lonneke Lenferink
- Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Chrysanthi Lioupi
- School of Ηumanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Trudy Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Sales
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Militar, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Stevanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Irina Zrnic
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, ViennaAustria
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Since the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic, the most actual problem has been a change in the lifestyle of the population of Russia and the rest of the world. Fear of illness, self-isolation/quarantine, and decreased quality of life have dramatically increased the level of stress-related disorders in the population. The main mental disorders arising from stress refer to anxiety disorders (post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder), obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressions of varying severity and conversion reactions. The symptoms and early warning signs of stress-related disorders may be chronic or episodic. Stress-related disorders are corrected with psychotropic therapy, which aims to restore the balance of neurotransmitters. Current first choice agents for the treatment of both pathological anxiety and depression are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). During the pandemic, the SSRI fluvoxamine is of special interest. Its mechanisms of action are recognized as potentially useful for treating COVID-19 infection. Two studies confirming the efficacy and safety of fluvoxamine in the treatment of coronavirus infection are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kotova
- Frendship PeoplesUniversity of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,International Society for the Study of Stress «Stress under control», Moscow, Russia
| | - V E Medvedev
- Frendship PeoplesUniversity of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A A Belyaev
- Scientific Research Institute of Emergency Medical Care named after N.V. Sklifosovsky, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Barreto FS, Ribeiro WLC, Cavalcanti BC, Silva PGDB, Soares CN, Vasconcelos GS, Nunes APN, Moraes Filho MOD, Macedo DS. Early maternal separation enhances melanoma progression in adult female mice by immune mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1502:40-53. [PMID: 34184281 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) is a risk factor for major depressive disorder. Both cancer and depression seem to share a common biological link. Here, we evaluated the progression of melanoma and the underlying mechanisms related to this progression, namely cell proliferation and apoptosis, in adult female mice exposed to MS. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to MS for 60 min/day during the first 2 postnatal weeks (here called MS mice) or left undisturbed (here called non-MS mice). Melanoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the axillary region of adult animals, and tumor progression was evaluated for 25 days. Adult MS mice presented depressive-like behavior and working memory deficits. MS accelerated murine melanoma growth by mechanisms related to decreased apoptosis and increased cell proliferation rate, such as increased expression of IL-6 and mTOR. MS stimulated eukaryotic elongation factor 2 expression and increased the number of circulating monocytes and DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes, an effect associated with oxidative DNA damage. In conclusion, MS accelerated the progression of murine melanoma by mechanisms related to tumor proliferation and apoptosis, revealing a relationship between adverse childhood experiences and cancer progression, particularly melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Stefânio Barreto
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Caren Nádia Soares
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Germana Silva Vasconcelos
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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14
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Bergenheim A, Ahlborg G Jr, Bernhardsson S. Nature-Based Rehabilitation for Patients with Long-Standing Stress-Related Mental Disorders: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis of Patients' Experiences. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6897. [PMID: 34199050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress-related mental disorders contribute to work disabilities globally and are a common cause for sick leave. Nature-based rehabilitation (NBR) is a multi-disciplinary approach offered to this patient group on a limited scale. Qualitative studies provide insight into patients’ experiences of NBR, and there is a need to synthesize and assess the certainty of evidence for patient-experienced benefits. The aim was to identify, appraise, and synthesize studies reporting experiences and perceived benefits of participation in multidisciplinary, group-based NBR of adult patients with long-standing stress-related mental disorders. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, APA PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to December 2020. Reference lists of relevant publications were searched. After title and abstract screening, full-text articles were retrieved and assessed for inclusion. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed, and certainty of evidence was appraised according to CERQual. The search yielded 362 unique records; 19 full-text publications were assessed for eligibility, and 5 studies were included in the synthesis. The studies were considered relevant regarding context, population, and intervention, and quality was generally assessed as moderate to high. Extracted texts were inductively coded and organized into 16 descriptive themes and 4 broad, analytical themes: Instilling calm and joy; Needs being met; Gaining new insights; and Personal growth. Experiences and perceived benefits of participating in NBR and spending time in a nature environment were described as positive for recovery. Nine of the descriptive themes were based on explicit results from at least four of the five studies. Confidence in the evidence of the qualitative findings ranged from moderate to low. Moderate-to-low certainty evidence from the included studies suggests that patients with long-standing stress-related mental disorders experience positive health effects from participating in NBR.
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15
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Makrygianni EA, Chrousos GP. From Brain Organoids to Networking Assembloids: Implications for Neuroendocrinology and Stress Medicine. Front Physiol 2021; 12:621970. [PMID: 34177605 PMCID: PMC8222922 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.621970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids are three-dimensional cultures that contain multiple types of cells and cytoarchitectures, and resemble fetal human brain structurally and functionally. These organoids are being used increasingly to model brain development and disorders, however, they only partially recapitulate such processes, because of several limitations, including inability to mimic the distinct cortical layers, lack of functional neuronal circuitry as well as non-neural cells and gyrification, and increased cellular stress. Efforts to create improved brain organoid culture systems have led to region-specific organoids, vascularized organoids, glia-containing organoids, assembloids, sliced organoids and polarized organoids. Assembloids are fused region-specific organoids, which attempt to recapitulate inter-regional and inter-cellular interactions as well as neural circuitry development by combining multiple brain regions and/or cell lineages. As a result, assembloids can be used to model subtle functional aberrations that reflect complex neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Mammalian organisms possess a highly complex neuroendocrine system, the stress system, whose main task is the preservation of systemic homeostasis, when the latter is threatened by adverse forces, the stressors. The main central parts of the stress system are the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the locus caeruleus/norepinephrine-autonomic nervous system nuclei in the brainstem; these centers innervate each other and interact reciprocally as well as with various other CNS structures. Chronic dysregulation of the stress system has been implicated in major pathologies, the so-called chronic non-communicable diseases, including neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cardiometabolic and autoimmune disorders, which lead to significant population morbidity and mortality. We speculate that brain organoids and/or assembloids could be used to model the development, regulation and dysregulation of the stress system and to better understand stress-related disorders. Novel brain organoid technologies, combined with high-throughput single-cell omics and gene editing, could, thus, have major implications for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia A Makrygianni
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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16
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Mourtzi N, Sertedaki A, Charmandari E. Glucocorticoid Signaling and Epigenetic Alterations in Stress-Related Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5964. [PMID: 34073101 PMCID: PMC8198182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is defined as a state of threatened or perceived as threatened homeostasis. The well-tuned coordination of the stress response system is necessary for an organism to respond to external or internal stressors and re-establish homeostasis. Glucocorticoid hormones are the main effectors of stress response and aberrant glucocorticoid signaling has been associated with an increased risk for psychiatric and mood disorders, including schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Emerging evidence suggests that life-stress experiences can alter the epigenetic landscape and impact the function of genes involved in the regulation of stress response. More importantly, epigenetic changes induced by stressors persist over time, leading to increased susceptibility for a number of stress-related disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of stress response, the mechanism through which stressful experiences can become biologically embedded through epigenetic alterations, and we underline potential associations between epigenetic changes and the development of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Mourtzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Amalia Sertedaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (A.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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17
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HUZARD D, RAPPENEAU V, MEIJER OC, TOUMA C, ARANGO-LIEVANO M, GARABEDIAN MJ, JEANNETEAU F. Experience and activity-dependent control of glucocorticoid receptors during the stress response in large-scale brain networks. Stress 2021; 24:130-153. [PMID: 32755268 PMCID: PMC7907260 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1806226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of actions of the glucocorticoid stress hormones among individuals and within organs, tissues and cells is shaped by age, gender, genetics, metabolism, and the quantity of exposure. However, such factors cannot explain the heterogeneity of responses in the brain within cells of the same lineage, or similar tissue environment, or in the same individual. Here, we argue that the stress response is continuously updated by synchronized neural activity on large-scale brain networks. This occurs at the molecular, cellular and behavioral levels by crosstalk communication between activity-dependent and glucocorticoid signaling pathways, which updates the diversity of responses based on prior experience. Such a Bayesian process determines adaptation to the demands of the body and external world. We propose a framework for understanding how the diversity of glucocorticoid actions throughout brain networks is essential for supporting optimal health, while its disruption may contribute to the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders, such as major depression, and resistance to therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien HUZARD
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie RAPPENEAU
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Onno C. MEIJER
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Chadi TOUMA
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Margarita ARANGO-LIEVANO
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Freddy JEANNETEAU
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author:
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18
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Morales-Rivero A, Reyes-Santos L, Bisanz E, Ruiz-Chow A, Crail-Melendez D. The effect of motor interference therapy in traumatic memories: A pilot study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01984. [PMID: 33314729 PMCID: PMC7882170 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic memories of events such as a life-threatening incident, serious injury, or sexual violence are a core symptom of stress-related disorders; they might be susceptible to positive modification with interference tasks (reconsolidation-based interventions). Our objective was to test the effect of performing a motor interference task (finger tapping in response to audio cues) on patients who suffer from traumatic memories. METHODS We designed an uncontrolled pilot prospective clinical trial. Ten participants listened to an audio track that instructed them to tap their fingers in response to specific audio cues while trying to recall the traumatic event. Each patient underwent an assessment including the Spanish version of the PTSD Symptom Severity Scale-Revised (EGS-R), the visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) from EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D), and a simple visual analogue scale (VAS) before the intervention, immediately after, and a week after the treatment. RESULTS All measures exhibited a statistically significant improvement 1 week after the study. On the PTSD scale, 1 week later, 30% of the patients did not score high enough for such diagnosis. The VAS measured immediately following the intervention (4.4, SD = 2.22) also improved (p < .001), and 30% of the patients scored zero. One week after the intervention, the VAS improved more than 50% CONCLUSION: The rapid 1-week improvement on the PSTD scale and the VAS after a 30 min intervention support the idea of further research using a double-blind, controlled design powered to demonstrate the efficacy of motor interference, an easy-to-apply therapeutic tool, in the treatment of traumatic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Morales-Rivero
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Reyes-Santos
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erik Bisanz
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angel Ruiz-Chow
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Crail-Melendez
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico.,Faculty of Medicine, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE MEXICO, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Lotzin A, Acquarini E, Ajdukovic D, Ardino V, Böttche M, Bondjers K, Bragesjö M, Dragan M, Grajewski P, Figueiredo-Braga M, Gelezelyte O, Javakhishvili JD, Kazlauskas E, Knefel M, Lueger-Schuster B, Makhashvili N, Mooren T, Sales L, Stevanovic A, Schäfer I. Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic - study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1780832. [PMID: 33029321 PMCID: PMC7473046 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the people in Europe are exposed to self-isolation, quarantine, job loss, risk of contracting COVID-19, or grief of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder. This research protocol describes a study launched by the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms of adjustment disorder across European countries. OBJECTIVE The longitudinal online cohort study aims (1) to explore psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries; (2) to examine the relationships between risk and resilience factors, stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the pandemic; and (3) to investigate whether these relationships are moderated by coping behaviours. METHOD In ten countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden), between 1,000 and 2,000 participants will be recruited, depending on the size of the country. Participants will be assessed at two timepoints with a six-month interval. Following a conceptual framework based on the WHO's social framework of health, an assessment of risk and resilience factors, COVID-19 related stressors and pandemic-specific coping behaviours will be measured to estimate their contribution to symptoms of adjustment disorder. The Adjustment Disorder New Module 8 (ADNM-8) will be used to assess symptoms of adjustment disorder. As a secondary measure, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder will be measure using the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5). DATA ANALYSIS The relative contribution of risk factors, resilience factors, and stressors on symptoms of adjustment disorder or symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder will be estimated using multilevel analysis. To determine the moderating effects of different types of coping behaviours on these relationships, a multilevel mediation analysis will be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Acquarini
- Department of Communication Sciences, Humanities and International Studies (DISCUI), University of Urbino, Italy
| | - Dean Ajdukovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vittoria Ardino
- Department of Communication Sciences, Humanities and International Studies (DISCUI), University of Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Kristina Bondjers
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Bragesjö
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Odeta Gelezelyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Matthias Knefel
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nino Makhashvili
- Institute of Addiction Studies, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Trudy Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Sales
- Centre of Trauma, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Stevanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Hannerz H, Albertsen K, Nielsen ML, Garde AH. Prospective Associations Between Working Time Arrangements and Psychiatric Treatment in Denmark: Protocol for a Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e18236. [PMID: 32442158 PMCID: PMC7351261 DOI: 10.2196/18236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of mental ill health in working-age populations has prompted research on possible links between work-related factors and mental ill health. Long working hours and night shift work are some of the factors that have been studied in relation to the risk of developing mental ill health. Yet, previous studies have not generated conclusive evidence, and further studies of high quality are needed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the prospective association between working time arrangements and mental health in terms of psychotropic drug usage or psychiatric hospital treatment in the general working population of Denmark. METHODS Data on total weekly working hours in any job and night shift work from the Danish Labor Force Survey 2000-2013 will be linked to data from the Psychiatric Central Research Register (expected 2400 cases during 700,000 person years at risk) and National Prescription Registry (expected 17,400 cases during 600,000 person years at risk). Participants will be followed for up to 5 years. We will use Poisson regression to separately analyze incidence rates of redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic medicine and incidence rates of psychiatric hospital treatment due to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or stress-related disorders as a function of weekly working hours and night shift work. The analyses will be controlled for sex, age, calendar time of the interview, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS This is a study protocol. Power calculations indicate that the study has sufficient statistical power to detect relatively small differences in risks and minor interactions (eg, ~90% power to detect a rate ratio of 1.1 for psychoactive medication use). We expect the analyses to be completed by the end of 2020 and the results to be published in 2021. CONCLUSIONS In this study protocol, all hypotheses and statistical models of the project have been completely defined before we link the exposure data to the outcome data. The results of the project will indicate to what extent and in what direction the national burden of mental ill health in Denmark has been influenced by long working hours and night shift work. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hannerz
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne Helene Garde
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adjustment disorder (AD) is a frequent diagnosis in clinical practice worldwide. After long neglect in mental health research, the new DSM definition and in particular the ICD-11 model of AD is about to create a fresh impulse for research on AD and for refined clinical use of the diagnosis. METHODS This paper outlines the clinical features of AD according to the ICD-10, ICD-11 and DSM-5 definitions, and provides case vignettes of patients with AD with clinical presentations of dominating anxiety, depressed mood or mixed symptom presentations. The available clinical assessments and diagnostic tools are described in detail, together with findings on their psychometric properties. RESULTS The current AD definitions are consistent with a new nosological grouping of AD with posttraumatic stress disorder in the chapter on trauma- and stressor-related disorders, or stress response syndromes. CONCLUSIONS This nosological specification opens new avenues for neurobiological and psychological research on AD and for developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maercker
- a Department of Psychology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Louisa Lorenz
- a Department of Psychology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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22
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Jembrek MJ, Auteri M, Serio R, Vlainic J. GABAergic System in Action: Connection to Gastrointestinal Stress-related Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:4003-4011. [PMID: 28190395 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170209155753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, treatment of stress-related gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is mainly symptomatic since there is no drug on the market that solves effectively diverse disease symptoms and comorbid states. Recently GABA receptors have been identified within gastrointestinal system and it has been recognized that among various GABAergic drugs some of them influence gastrointestinal stress-related diseases. Among them benzodiazepines have been investigated due to their diverse effects: neuroimmunomodulatory, relief of visceral pain and anxiolytic action. CONCLUSION The present review brings findings on the expression of GABA receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and the role of GABA within it. We also present knowledge on the role of neurotransmitter GABA and various GABAergic ligands on diverse physiologic gastrointestinal functions with special emphasize to stress-related disorders. The rationale for therapeutic use and further identification of a potential GABAergic treatment of stress-related disorders has been critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelangelo Auteri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo. Italy
| | - Rosa Serio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Laboratorio di Fisiologia generale, Universita di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo. Italy
| | - Josipa Vlainic
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb. Croatia
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23
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Hyland P, Shevlin M, Brewin CR, Cloitre M, Downes AJ, Jumbe S, Karatzias T, Bisson JI, Roberts NP. Validation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:313-322. [PMID: 28696531 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) has proposed two related trauma diagnoses: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). Using a newly developed, disorder-specific measure of PTSD and CPTSD called the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) the current study will (i) assess the factorial validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD; (ii) provide the first test of the discriminant validity of these constructs; and (iii) provide the first comparison of ICD-11, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), PTSD diagnostic rates using disorder-specific measures. METHOD ICD-11 and DSM-5 PTSD-specific measures were completed by a British clinical sample of trauma-exposed patients (N = 171). The structure and validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD were assessed by means of factor analysis and assessing relationships with criterion variables. RESULTS Diagnostic rates under ICD-11 were significantly lower than those under DSM-5. A two-factor second-order model reflecting the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD best represented the data from the ITQ; and the PTSD and CPTSD factors differentially predicted multiple psychological variables. CONCLUSION The factorial and discriminant validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD was supported, and ICD-11 produces fewer diagnostic cases than DSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hyland
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, UK
| | - C R Brewin
- Clinical Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Cloitre
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - A J Downes
- St Mark's Dee View Surgery, Betsi Cadwaldr Health Board, Connah's Quay, UK
| | - S Jumbe
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, Research Design Service London, London, UK
| | - T Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.,Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J I Bisson
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N P Roberts
- Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
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24
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Wieckiewicz M, Zietek M, Smardz J, Zenczak-Wieckiewicz D, Grychowska N. Mental Status as a Common Factor for Masticatory Muscle Pain: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2017; 8:646. [PMID: 28536539 PMCID: PMC5422479 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Masticatory muscle pain (MMP) is the primary reason for chronic non-odontogenic orofacial pain in the human population. MMP has become a considerable social problem, which affects about 12–14% of the adult population and is 1.5–2 times more frequent in women than in men. This term defines a pain which has its origins in the masticatory muscles. Although MMP is typically felt in the face, jaws, and preauricular area, MMP can radiate to the ear, teeth, head, and neck. This systematic review explains the relationship between MMP and common mental states, such as anxiety, depression, mood and stress-related disorders, and is reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We performed a search in the PubMed database for peer-reviewed articles published after November 1st 2006 in the context of MMP and mental states. According to the defined criteria, 38 studies were finally included into the systematic review, of which prospective cohort studies were found to be the most common. We investigated four primary outcomes (anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and stress-related disorders) and several secondary outcomes of search. Seventy-nine percent of studies concerned depression, 42% anxiety, 29% mood disorders, and 21% stress-related disorders. Most of the studies showed a relationship between MMP and alterations in mental status. Nonetheless, the researchers usually evidenced only the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders and dysfunctions of the masticatory muscles among the group of patients, in large part in women. Moreover, some studies were marked with limited generalizability of the reported results, quality flaws and heterogeneity. In the light of the analyzed literature, the causal relationship between mental states and MMP is still not clearly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Zietek
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Smardz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Grychowska
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
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25
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Yang H, Brand JS, Fang F, Chiesa F, Johansson ALV, Hall P, Czene K. Time-dependent risk of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders in patients with invasive and in situ breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:841-852. [PMID: 27859142 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite concerns about the mental health of breast cancer patients, little is known regarding the temporal risk pattern and risk factors of common mental disorders among these patients. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders in a Swedish nationwide cohort of 40,849 women with invasive and 4,402 women with in situ breast cancer (2001-2010, median follow-up = 4.5 years). The impact of patient, tumor and treatment characteristics was analyzed using flexible parametric survival models in a regional cohort of 7,940 invasive breast cancer patients (2001-2013, median follow-up = 7.5 years). Women with invasive breast cancer showed increased rates of depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders [overall SIR (95% CI) = 1.57 (1.46-1.69), 1.55 (1.43-1.68) and 1.77 (1.60-1.95), respectively]. SIRs were highest shortly after diagnosis, but remained increased up to 5 years. Younger age at diagnosis, comorbidity, higher-grade disease, lymph node involvement and chemotherapy were independently associated with the risk of depression and anxiety in invasive cancer patients, with chemotherapy and higher-grade disease conferring short-term risk only, while comorbidities were mainly associated with late-onset events. No clinical risk factors were identified for stress-related disorders except for a greater risk associated with younger age. Patients with in situ cancer only showed an increased incidence of stress-related disorders during the first 6 months after diagnosis [SIR (95% CI) = 2.76 (1.31-5.79)]. The time-dependent risk profile of invasive cancer patients may guide health care professionals for timely and targeted psycho-oncologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Yang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flaminia Chiesa
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna L V Johansson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Grabe HJ, Wittfeld K, Van der Auwera S, Janowitz D, Hegenscheid K, Habes M, Homuth G, Barnow S, John U, Nauck M, Völzke H, Meyer zu Schwabedissen H, Freyberger HJ, Hosten N. Effect of the interaction between childhood abuse and rs1360780 of the FKBP5 gene on gray matter volume in a general population sample. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1602-13. [PMID: 26813705 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The FKBP5 gene codes for a co-chaperone that regulates glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and thereby impacts the reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. Evidence suggested that subjects exposed to childhood abuse and carrying the TT genotype of the FKBP5 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1360780 have an increased susceptibility to stress-related disorders. METHOD The hypothesis that abused TT genotype carriers show changes in gray matter (GM) volumes in affect-processing brain areas was investigated. About 1,826 Caucasian subjects (age ≤ 65 years) from the general population [Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)] in Germany were investigated. The interaction between rs1360780 and child abuse (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and its effect on GM were analyzed. RESULTS Voxel-based whole-brain interaction analysis revealed three large clusters (FWE-corrected) of reduced GM volumes comprising the bilateral insula, the superior and middle temporal gyrus, the bilateral hippocampus, the right amygdala, and the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex in abused TT carriers. These results were not confounded by major depressive disorders. In region of interest analyses, highly significant volume reductions in the right hippocampus/parahippocampus, the bilateral anterior and middle cingulate cortex, the insula, and the amygdala were confirmed in abused TT carriers compared with abused CT/CC carriers. CONCLUSION The results supported the hypothesis that the FKBP5 rs1360780 TT genotype predisposes subjects who have experienced childhood abuse to widespread structural brain changes in the subcortical and cortical emotion-processing brain areas. Those brain changes might contribute to an increased vulnerability of stress-related disorders in TT genotype carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohamad Habes
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Barnow
- Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich John
- Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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27
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Peterlik D, Flor PJ, Uschold-Schmidt N. The Emerging Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Stress-Related Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:514-39. [PMID: 27296643 PMCID: PMC4983752 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150515234920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress-related psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression, and alcohol abuse are an enormous public health concern. The etiology of these pathologies is complex, with psychosocial stressors being among the most frequently discussed risk factors. The brain glutamatergic neurotransmitter system has often been found involved in behaviors and pathophysiologies resulting from acute stress and fear. Despite this, relatively little is known about the role of glutamatergic system components in chronic psychosocial stress, neither in rodents nor in humans. Recently, drug discovery efforts at the metabotropic receptor subtypes of the glutamatergic system (mGlu1-8 receptors) led to the identification of pharmacological tools with emerging potential in psychiatric conditions. But again, the contribution of individual mGlu subtypes to the manifestation of physiological, molecular, and behavioral consequences of chronic psychosocial stress remains still largely unaddressed. The current review will describe animal models typically used to analyze acute and particularly chronic stress conditions, including models of psychosocial stress, and there we will discuss the emerging roles for mGlu receptor subtypes. Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates relevance and potential therapeutic usefulness of mGlu2/3 ligands and mGlu5 receptor antagonists in chronic stress-related disorders. In addition, a role for further mechanisms, e.g. mGlu7-selective compounds, is beginning to emerge. These mechanisms are important to be analyzed in chronic psychosocial stress paradigms, e.g. in the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) model. We summarize the early results and discuss necessary future investigations, especially for mGlu5 and mGlu7 receptor blockers, which might serve to suggest improved therapeutic strategies to treat stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J Flor
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Uschold-Schmidt
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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28
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Ebner K, Rjabokon A, Pape HC, Singewald N. Increased in vivo release of neuropeptide S in the amygdala of freely moving rats after local depolarisation and emotional stress. Amino Acids 2011; 41:991-6. [PMID: 21861171 PMCID: PMC3172411 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral microdialysis in conjunction with a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay was used to study the in vivo release of neuropeptide S (NPS) within the amygdala of freely moving rats. NPS was consistently detected in basolateral amygdala dialysates and the release considerably enhanced in response to local depolarisation as well as exposure to forced swim stress. Thus, our data demonstrate for the first time emotional stress-induced release of NPS in the amygdala supporting a functional role of endogenous NPS in stress/anxiety-related phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Ebner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Peter Mayr-Str.1, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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