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Sun YM, Yang WL, Rogaeva E, Lang AE, Wang J, Zhang M. Genetic and Epigenetic Study of Monozygotic Twins Affected by Parkinson’s Disease. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ctn7020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic and epigenetic modifiers of age at onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are largely unknown. It remains unclear whether DNA methylation (DNAm) age acceleration is linked to age at onset in PD patients of different ethnicities with a similar genetic background. We aim to characterize the clinical, genomic and epigenomic features of three pairs of Chinese monozygotic twins discordant for PD onset by up to 10 years. Methods: We conducted whole genome sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and genome-wide DNAm array to evaluate the three pairs of Chinese monozygotic twins discordant for age at onset of PD (families A–C). Results: We identified two heterozygous PRKN mutations (exon 2–4 deletion and p.Met1Thr) in PD affected members of one family. Somatic mutation analyses of investigated families did not reveal any variants that could explain the phenotypic discordance in the twin pairs. Of note, our epigenetic study revealed that the twins with earlier-onset had a trend of faster DNAm age acceleration than the later-onset/asymptomatic twins, but without statistical significance. Conclusion: The link between DNAm age acceleration and PD onset in Chinese patients should be interpreted with cautious, and need to be further verified in an extended PD cohort with similar genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Sun
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wan-Li Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5R 0A3, Canada
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5R 0A3, Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Do MD, Tran TN, Luong AB, Le LHG, Van Le T, Le KT, Van Vo NT, Le TNN, Vu HA, Mai TP. Clinical and genetic analysis of Vietnamese patients diagnosed with early-onset Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2950. [PMID: 36879366 PMCID: PMC10097096 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, no comprehensive study has described genetic alterations in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with PD. This study aimed to identify genetic causes and their association with clinical phenotypes in a Vietnamese PD cohort. METHODS A total of 83 patients with early-onset PD (disease onset before the age of 50) were recruited for genetic analysis using a combination of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and next-generation sequencing for a panel of 20 PD-associated genes. RESULTS It was found that 37 out of 83 patients carried genetic alterations, with 24 pathogenic/likely pathogenic/risk variants and 25 variants of uncertain significance. The pathogenic/likely pathogenic/risk variants were mostly detected in LRRK2, PRKN, and GBA, while the variants of uncertain significance were identified in 12 different genes that were studied. The most common genetic alteration was LRRK2 c.4883G>C (p.Arg1628Pro), and patients with PD carrying this variant were found to have a distinct phenotype. Participants carrying pathogenic/likely pathogenic/risk variants had a significantly higher rate of a family history of PD. CONCLUSION These results provide a further understanding of genetic alterations associated with PD in a South-East Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Duc Do
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tai Ngoc Tran
- Movement Disorder Unit, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - An Bac Luong
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Linh Hoang Gia Le
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Van Le
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Khuong Thai Le
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Niem Thanh Van Vo
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuc-Nhi Nguyen Le
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Anh Vu
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao Phuong Mai
- Department of Physiology-Pathophysiology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Genetic Study of Early Onset Parkinson's Disease in Cyprus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315369. [PMID: 36499697 PMCID: PMC9739936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The etiology of PD remains unclear. However, several studies have demonstrated the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in PD. Early-onset PD (EOPD) is a subgroup of PD diagnosed between the ages of 21 and 50. Population genetic studies have demonstrated great genetic variability amongst EOPD patients. Hence, this study aimed to obtain a genetic landscape of EOPD in the Cypriot population. Greek-Cypriot EOPD patients (n = 48) were screened for variants in the six most common EOPD-associated genes (PINK1, PRKN, FBXO7, SNCA, PLA2G6, and DJ-1). This included DNA sequencing and Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). One previously described frameshift variant in PINK1 (NM_032409.3:c.889del) was detected in five patients (10.4%)-the largest number to be detected to date. Copy number variations in the PRKN gene were identified in one homozygous and 3 compound heterozygous patients (8.3%). To date, the pathogenic variants identified in this study have explained the PD phenotype for 18.8% of the EOPD cases. The results of this study may contribute to the genetic screening of EOPD in Cyprus.
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Jensen I, Hendrich C, Klietz M, Berding G, Höglinger GU, Wegner F. Case report: Early-onset Parkinson's disease with initial spastic paraparesis and hyperreflexia caused by compound heterozygous PRKN-gene exon 2 and 4 deletions. Front Neurol 2022; 13:969232. [DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.969232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the Parkin-gene (PRKN) are among the most common genetic causes of early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). Patients with EOPD can present with atypical clinical features and misdiagnosis is frequent. Here, we report a clinical phenotype with atypical signs and symptoms of a 35-year-old male patient with EOPD caused by a compound heterozygous PRKN-gene deletion of exons 2 and 4. After the initial diagnosis of stiff person syndrome, the patient was admitted to our department for a second opinion after 8 years of untreated disease progression. The patient presented with prominent spastic paraparesis pronounced on the right side and hyperreflexia as well as Parkinsonism with rigidity predominantly affecting the upper limbs, bradykinesia, and resting tremor. In the diagnostic assessment, magnetic evoked potentials to the anterior tibial muscles showed a low amplitude on the right side, compatible with pyramidal tract disturbance. However, an MRI of the head and the spine did not show any pathologies or atrophy. A [123I] FP-CIT SPECT scan revealed profoundly and left-pronounced reduced striatal uptake suggesting a neurodegenerative Parkinson's syndrome. Even though an acute levodopa challenge did not show marked improvement of symptoms, the chronic levodopa challenge with up to 450 mg/day significantly reduced the rigidity and bradykinesia. Surprisingly, spastic paraparesis and hyperreflexia diminished under dopaminergic treatment. Finally, genetic analysis by next-generation sequencing via copy number variant analysis (CNV) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) confirmed compound heterozygous deletions of exons 2 and 4 in the PRKN-gene. As presented in this case, the awareness of atypical clinical symptoms of EOPD is essential to prevent misdiagnosis in young patients.
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Yu LH, Peng GP, Yuan Y, Liu XY, Ji F, Li Y, He FP, Luo BY, Ke Q. Novel compound heterozygous of PARKIN causes early-onset Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 744:135597. [PMID: 33373675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetics has an essential role in the development of early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). Consequently, genetic screening is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of EOPD. In this study, we reported two EOPD with compound heterozygous in PARKIN detected by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Two unrelated EOPD patients and their parents were enrolled in this study. Genetic analysis was performed through WES and verified by direct Sanger sequencing. In addition, MLPA was used to detect exon dosage. Detailed clinical manifestations and several scale assessments were collected for genotype and phenotype analysis. Compound heterozygous mutations in PARKIN were identified in both patients. c.735-1G > A and Ex2del were detected in Case A, while G284R (c.850 G > C) and Ex2del were found in Case B. These variants were confirmed to originate from their normal parents. The c.735-1G > A is a novel PARKIN variant, which was predicted to result from disappearing of the acceptor splice site by NetGene2. The G284R is a previously reported pathological mutation and the Ex2del is a hot variant of PARKIN found in the Asian population. The phenotypes of both patients are quite different, the main manifestation of case A is rigidity onset, while the case B starts with tremor and foot dystonia. In the present study, we reported a novel compound heterozygous form of PARKIN consisting of splice variant c. 735-1G > A and Ex2del. Moreover, we also found that tiny differences in genotypes of PARKIN may lead to obvious clinical phenotypic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Yu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China, 310003
| | - Guo-Ping Peng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China, 310003
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China, 310003
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China, 310003
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China, 310003
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China, 310003
| | - Fang-Ping He
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China, 310003
| | - Ben-Yan Luo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China, 310003.
| | - Qing Ke
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China, 310003.
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The PARK2 Mutation Associated with Parkinson's Disease Enhances the Vulnerability of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes to Paraquat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4658109. [PMID: 33029508 PMCID: PMC7527951 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4658109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of PD are still unclear and there is a lack of reliable biomarkers for early molecular diagnosis. Parkin (encoded by PARK2) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that participates in mitochondrial homeostasis, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, oxidative stress response, and cell death pathways, which are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. However, Parkin is also expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). In this study, permanent lymphocyte lines were established from the peripheral blood of sporadic PD (sPD) patients, PARK2 mutation carriers, and healthy controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, and apoptosis were analyzed in the PBLs. There was no significant difference in ROS, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, and apoptosis between the experimental groups and the control group without paraquat treatment. Compared with the control group of healthy subjects, we found an increase of ROS (control 100 ± 0, sPD 275.53 ± 79.11, and C441R 340 ± 99.67) and apoptosis, as well as a decline in the function of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I in PBLs of PARK2 mutation carriers and sPD after the treatment of paraquat (control 0.65 ± 0.08, sPD 0.44 ± 0.08, and C441R 0.32 ± 0.08). Moreover, overexpression of the wild-type (WT) PARK2 in HeLa cells and immortalized PBLs could rescue mitochondrial function and partially inhibit apoptosis following paraquat treatment, while the C441R mutation could not. Thus, ROS levels, activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, and apoptosis of PBLs are potential diagnostic biomarkers of PD.
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Jiang Y, Yu M, Chen J, Zhou H, Sun W, Sun Y, Li F, Wei L, Pinkhardt EH, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Wang Z. Parkin is the most common causative gene in a cohort of mainland Chinese patients with sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01765. [PMID: 32677319 PMCID: PMC7507393 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic mutations associated with early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) vary widely among different ethnicities. We detected the genes associated with EOPD in a Chinese cohort using next-generation sequencing (NGS) combined with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and analyzed the phenotypic characteristics of the mutation carriers. METHODS Cohort of 23 sporadic EOPD patients (onset age ≤ 45 years) were recruited. Genetic causes were identified by a targeted NGS panel containing 136 known extrapyramidal disease-causative genes. Multiplications or deletions of PD-causing genes were detected using the MLPA method. Demographic and clinical data were obtained, analyzed, and compared between patients with and those without Parkin gene variants. RESULTS We identified 14 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (12 in Parkin, 1 in LRRK2, and 1 in VPS13C) in 10 patients (43.5%) and 8 rare variants of uncertain significance in 9 patients (39.1%). Parkin (34.8%) was the most common causative gene among our patients cohort, and exon deletion (62.5%) was the main type of variant. Patients with Parkin mutations had a younger age of onset, longer delay in diagnosis, slower disease progression, higher frequency of hyperreflexia, fatigue, and less hyposmia compared to patients without Parkin mutations. CONCLUSION Our results revealed a higher prevalence of Parkin mutations in Chinese sporadic EOPD patients, and notably, exon deletion was the most common type of mutation. EOPD patients with Parkin mutations showed unique clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchuang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luhua Wei
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ghanta MK, Elango P, L V K S B. Current Therapeutic Strategies and Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4738-4746. [PMID: 32065086 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200217114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of dopaminergic striatal neurons in basal ganglia. Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) through dopamine replacement strategies may provide improvement in early stages and this treatment response is related to dopaminergic neuronal mass which decreases in advanced stages. This treatment failure was revealed by many studies and levodopa treatment became ineffective or toxic in chronic stages of PD. Early diagnosis and neuroprotective agents may be a suitable approach for the treatment of PD. The essentials required for early diagnosis are biomarkers. Characterising the striatal neurons, understanding the status of dopaminergic pathways in different PD stages may reveal the effects of the drugs used in the treatment. This review updates on characterisation of striatal neurons, electrophysiology of dopaminergic pathways in PD, biomarkers of PD, approaches for success of neuroprotective agents in clinical trials. The literature was collected from the articles in database of PubMed, MedLine and other available literature resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan K Ghanta
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai-600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Elango
- Department of Pharmacology, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Poonamallee, Chennai-600123, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhaskar L V K S
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495009 (CG), India
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He R, Yan X, Guo J, Xu Q, Tang B, Sun Q. Recent Advances in Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:305. [PMID: 30364199 PMCID: PMC6193101 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the common progressive neurodegenerative disorders with several motor and non-motor symptoms. Most of the motor symptoms may appear at a late stage where most of the dopaminergic neurons have been already damaged. In order to provide better clinical intervention and treatment at the onset of disease, it is imperative to find accurate biomarkers for early diagnosis, including prodromal diagnosis and preclinical diagnosis. At the same time, these reliable biomarkers can also be utilized to monitor the progress of the disease. In this review article, we will discuss recent advances in the development of PD biomarkers from different aspects, including clinical, biochemical, neuroimaging and genetic aspects. Although various biomarkers for PD have been developed so far, their specificity and sensitivity are not ideal when applied individually. So, the combination of multimodal biomarkers will greatly improve the diagnostic accuracy and facilitate the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runcheng He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Parkinson’s Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Parkinson’s Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Shu L, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Pan H, Guo J, Tang B. SNCA REP1 and Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 682:79-84. [PMID: 29859327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
Abstract
REP1 is a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat sequence located in the promoter region of the SNCA gene (OMIM 163890). Opinions regarding the interaction between the various REP1 alleles and Parkinson's disease (PD) or its phenotypes have been inconsistent and have thus far not been comprehensively analyzed. In this study, we searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases as well as the Chinese-language Wanfang and CNKI databases using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and conducted our analysis using Revman 5.3 software. Our search produced 28 articles describing REP1 alleles and their associated PD risks and 8 articles which discussed the relationship between REP1 variation and PD phenotypes. We found that the 265-, 269-, and 271-bp alleles of REP1 (using the nomenclature established by Xia et al.) increased the risk of PD (OR: 1.81, 1.05, 1.17; p: 0.0002, 0.003, 0.002) while the 267-bp allele decreased PD risk (OR: 0.86, p: <0.00001) when taking all populations into account. By ethnicity, we observed an obvious population heterogeneity in the effects of various alleles, where the 269-, 271-, and 273-bp alleles increased PD risk (OR: 1.06, 1.22, 1.89; p: 0.001, 0.003, 0.001) and the 267-bp allele decreased PD risk (OR: 0.85; p: <0.00001) in Caucasian populations, and the 263- and 265-bp alleles increased the risk of PD (OR: 2.22, 2.03; p: 0.03, 0.0002) and the 267- and 273-bp alleles decreased PD risk (OR: 0.90, 0.78; p: 0.02, 0.03) in Asian populations. We also determined that the 267-, 269-, and 271-bp alleles occurred the most frequently, although the frequency distribution varied among different ethnicities. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that PD patients carrying the 271-bp allele were prone to early onset PD (OR: 1.75, p: 0.02) while the 267-bp had the opposite effect (OR: 0.81; p: 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Shi Y, Kawakami H, Zang W, Li G, Zhang J, Xu C. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in the PARK2 gene identified in a Chinese pedigree with early-onset Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00901. [PMID: 29568695 PMCID: PMC5853629 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTS To capture point mutations and short insertions/deletions in 49 previously reported genes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in a Chinese pedigree with early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD)-affected individuals. METHODS Clinical examinations and genomic analysis were performed on 21 subjects belonging to three generations of a Chinese family. Target region capture and high-throughput sequencing were used for screening 49 genes, which were previously reported to be associated with PD. The direct Sanger sequencing method in all subjects further verified the abnormal DNA fragments in the PARK2 gene. RESULTS Four family members, including a mother (I-1) and her three children (II-2, II-3, and II-7), were diagnosed with PD by clinical manifestations and/or PET/CT imaging analyses. Novel compound heterozygous mutations, consisting of a fragment deletion in exon 1 to 2 (EX 1-2 del) and a splicing point mutation c.619-1 (G > C) in the 6th intron of the PARK2 gene, were identified in II-2, II-3, and II-7. Individual EX 1-2 del or c.619-1 (G > C) mutations were detected in I-1 and the third generation (III-2, 3, 5, 10, and 11).Other mutations were not detected in the 49 known PD-associated genes. CONCLUSION Novel compound heterozygous mutations were identified in a Chinese pedigree and might represent a cause of familial EOPD with autosomal dominant inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Department of Neurology Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou China
| | - Hideshi Kawakami
- Department of Epidemiology Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Weizhou Zang
- Department of Neurology Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Neurology Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou China
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Kasten M, Marras C, Klein C. Nonmotor Signs in Genetic Forms of Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:129-178. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Copy number variability in Parkinson's disease: assembling the puzzle through a systems biology approach. Hum Genet 2016; 136:13-37. [PMID: 27896429 PMCID: PMC5214768 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder of aging, was long believed to be a non-genetic sporadic origin syndrome. The proof that several genetic loci are responsible for rare Mendelian forms has represented a revolutionary breakthrough, enabling to reveal molecular mechanisms underlying this debilitating still incurable condition. While single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small indels constitute the most commonly investigated DNA variations accounting for only a limited number of PD cases, larger genomic molecular rearrangements have emerged as significant PD-causing mutations, including submicroscopic Copy Number Variations (CNVs). CNVs constitute a prevalent source of genomic variations and substantially participate in each individual’s genomic makeup and phenotypic outcome. However, the majority of genetic studies have focused their attention on single candidate-gene mutations or on common variants reaching a significant statistical level of acceptance. This gene-centric approach is insufficient to uncover the genetic background of polygenic multifactorial disorders like PD, and potentially masks rare individual CNVs that all together might contribute to disease development or progression. In this review, we will discuss literature and bioinformatic data describing the involvement of CNVs on PD pathobiology. We will analyze the most frequent copy number changes in familiar PD genes and provide a “systems biology” overview of rare individual rearrangements that could functionally act on commonly deregulated molecular pathways. Assessing the global genome-wide burden of CNVs in PD patients may reveal new disease-related molecular mechanisms, and open the window to a new possible genetic scenario in the unsolved PD puzzle.
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van der Merwe C, Carr J, Glanzmann B, Bardien S. Exonic rearrangements in the known Parkinson's disease-causing genes are a rare cause of the disease in South African patients. Neurosci Lett 2016; 619:168-71. [PMID: 27001088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. To date, a number of PD-causing genes have been found, including SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35, PARK2, PINK1, DJ-1, ATP13A2, and most recently CHCHD2. Mutations in these genes range from point mutations to larger exonic rearrangements including deletions and duplications. This study aimed to detect possible copy number variation (CNV) in the known PD-causing genes in a cohort of South African patients with PD. Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) analysis was performed on a total of 210 South African PD patients, and possible CNVs were verified using quantitative real time PCR. No homozygous or compound heterozygous exon rearrangements in the genes analysed were found in the patient group. A heterozygous PARK2 exon 4 deletion was found in a sporadic patient with an age at onset of 51 years. Sanger sequencing did not reveal any additional mutations in PARK2 in this patient. Combining our results with that of previous studies in a South African cohort, the frequency of exonic rearrangements in the known PD-causing genes is only 1.8% (8/439 patients). In conclusion, CNV in the known PD-causing genes are a rare cause of PD in a South African cohort, and there may be as yet unknown genetic causes of PD that are specific to patients of African ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia van der Merwe
- Division of Molecular Biology & Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Jonathan Carr
- Division of Neurology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brigitte Glanzmann
- Division of Molecular Biology & Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology & Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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