Effect of AGTR1 A1166C genetic polymorphism on coronary artery lesions and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction

The pathogenesis and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Findings on the relationship of polymorphisms in various genes encoding the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with coronary artery lesions and mortality in AMI patients are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine whether the AGTR1 A1166C genetic polymorphism affects coronary artery lesions and 1-year mortality in post-AMI patients. Patients with their first AMI admitted to Cho Ray Hospital, Vietnam, from January 2020 to August 2021 were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. All participants underwent invasive coronary angiography and were identified as having the genotypes of AGTR1 A1166C by way of a polymerase chain reaction method. All patients were followed up for all-cause mortality 12 months after AMI. The association of the AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism with coronary artery lesions and 1-year mortality was evaluated using logistic regression and Cox regression analysis, respectively. Five hundred and thirty-one AMI patients were recruited. The mean age was 63.9 ± 11.6 years, and 71.6% of the patients were male. There were no significant differences in the location and number of diseased coronary artery branches between the AA and AC+CC genotypes. The AC and CC genotypes were independently associated with ≥ 90% diameter stenosis of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (odds ratio = 1.940; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.059-3.552, p = 0.032). The 1-year all-cause mortality rate difference between patients with the AC and CC genotypes versus those with the AA genotype was not statistically significant (hazard ratio = 1.000, 95% CI: 0.429-2.328, p = 1.000). The AGTR1 A1166C genetic polymorphism is associated with very severe luminal stenosis of the LAD but not with mortality in AMI patients.

Predictive value of ACE I/D genetic polymorphism for 12-month all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction

The prognostic role of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) genetic polymorphism in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is controversial and inconsistent across various study populations. This study evaluated the predictive validity of the ACE I/D variant based on 12-month all-cause mortality in Vietnamese patients after AMI. This was an observational, prospective study conducted among AMI patients at Cho Ray Hospital between January 2020 and September 2021. All participants were identified for ACE I/D polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction method, with follow-up on survival status at 12 months from the date of admission. The proportions of II, ID, and DD genotypes of the ACE I/D variant were 49.5%, 35.9%, and 14.6%, respectively. All-cause mortality after 12 months occurred in 58 cases (10.6%). The ACE I/D polymorphism did not affect all-cause mortality in the dominant (P = .196), recessive (P = .827), homozygous (P = .515), and heterozygous (P = .184) models. A subgroup analysis by usage status of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB) showed that in the non-ACEI/ARB group, patients with the DD genotype had a lower cumulative survival probability than patients with the II/ID genotypes (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-13.04; P = .023). Among patients with Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scores below the median (153.5 points), those with DD genotype had a higher risk of mortality than those with the II/ID genotypes (HR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.01-11.11; P = .049). The ACE I/D genetic polymorphism was found not to be associated with 12-month all-cause mortality in Vietnamese patients with AMI. However, it was associated with mortality in patients who did not use ACEI/ARB and also whose GRACE scores were below 153.5 points.

Clinical and genetic analysis of Vietnamese patients diagnosed with early-onset Parkinson's disease

BACKGROUND

Genetic factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, no comprehensive study has described genetic alterations in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with PD. This study aimed to identify genetic causes and their association with clinical phenotypes in a Vietnamese PD cohort.

METHODS

A total of 83 patients with early-onset PD (disease onset before the age of 50) were recruited for genetic analysis using a combination of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and next-generation sequencing for a panel of 20 PD-associated genes.

RESULTS

It was found that 37 out of 83 patients carried genetic alterations, with 24 pathogenic/likely pathogenic/risk variants and 25 variants of uncertain significance. The pathogenic/likely pathogenic/risk variants were mostly detected in LRRK2, PRKN, and GBA, while the variants of uncertain significance were identified in 12 different genes that were studied. The most common genetic alteration was LRRK2 c.4883G>C (p.Arg1628Pro), and patients with PD carrying this variant were found to have a distinct phenotype. Participants carrying pathogenic/likely pathogenic/risk variants had a significantly higher rate of a family history of PD.

CONCLUSION

These results provide a further understanding of genetic alterations associated with PD in a South-East Asian population.

Association between ACE I/D genetic polymorphism and the severity of coronary artery disease in Vietnamese patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background

The severity of coronary artery disease is a prognostic factor for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. ACE I/D polymorphism is one of the genetic factors that may affect the severity of coronary artery disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between ACE I/D genotypes and the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Materials and methods

A single-center, prospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology and Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from January 2020 to June 2021. All participants diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction underwent contrast-enhanced coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery disease was determined by Gensini score. ACE I/D genotypes were identified in all subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction method.

Results

A total of 522 patients diagnosed with first acute myocardial infarction were recruited. The patients' median Gensini score was 34.3. The II, ID, and DD genotype rates of ACE I/D polymorphism were 48.9%, 36.4%, and 14.7%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the ACE DD genotype was independently associated with a higher Gensini score compared with the II or ID genotypes.

Conclusion

The DD genotype of the ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with first acute myocardial infarction.

Association of KCNJ11 and ABCC8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Kinh Vietnamese population

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a genetically influenced disease, but few studies have been performed to investigate the genetic basis of T2DM in Vietnamese subjects. Thus, the potential associations of KCNJ11 and ABCC8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with T2DM were investigated in a Kinh Vietnamese population. A cross-sectional study consisting of 404 subjects including 202 T2DM cases and 202 non-T2DM controls was designed to examine the potential associations of 4 KCNJ11 and ABCC8 SNPs (rs5219, rs2285676, rs1799859, and rs757110) with T2DM. Genotypes were identified based on restriction fragment length polymorphism and tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction. After statistically adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, rs5219 was found to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM under 2 inheritance models: codominant (OR = 2.15, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.09-4.22) and recessive (OR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.09-3.94). On the other hand, rs2285676, rs1799859, and rs757110 were not associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Haplotype analysis elucidated a strong linkage disequilibrium between the 3 SNPs, rs5219, rs2285676, and rs757110. The haplotype rs5219(A)/rs2285676(T)/rs757110(G) was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (OR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.01-1.99). The results show that rs5219 is a lead candidate SNP associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM in the Kinh Vietnamese population. Further functional characterization is needed to uncover the mechanism underlying the potential genotype-phenotype associations.

Genotype-phenotype characteristics of Vietnamese patients diagnosed with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

BACKGROUND

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is one of the most common hereditary neuropathies. Identifying causative mutations in CMT is essential as it provides important information for genetic diagnosis and counseling. However, genetic information of Vietnamese patients diagnosed with CMT is currently not available.

METHODS

In this study, we described the clinical profile and determined the mutation spectrum of CMT in a cohort of Vietnamese patients with CMT by using a combination of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and next-generation sequencing targeting 11 genes PMP22, MPZ, EGR2, NEFL, MFN2, GDAP1, GARS, MTMR2, GJB1, RAB7A, LITAF.

RESULTS

In 31 CMT cases, the mutation detection rate was 42% and the most common genetic aberration was PMP22 duplication. The pedigree analysis showed two de novo mutations c.64C > A (p.P22T) and c.281delG (p.G94Afs*17) in the NEFL and PMP22 genes, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study once again emphasize the important role of molecular diagnosis and provide preliminary genetic data on Vietnamese patients with CMT.

Molecular characteristics of young-onset colorectal cancer in Vietnamese patients

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer globally. Understanding the genetic characteristics of CRC is essential for appropriate treatment and genetic counseling.

METHODS

The genetic profile of CRC tumor tissues was identified using next-generation sequencing of 17 target genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM, APC, SMAD4, BMPR1A, MUTYH, STK11, PTEN, TP53, ATM, CDH1, CHEK2, POLE, and POLD1) in a cohort of 101 Vietnamese patients diagnosed with young-onset CRC. Corresponding germline genetic alterations of determined somatic mutations were subsequently confirmed from patients' blood samples.

RESULTS

Somatic mutations were determined in 96 out of 101 CRC patients. Two-thirds of the tumors harbored more than two mutations, and the most prevalent mutated genes were TP53 and APC. Among confirmed germline mutations, 10 pathogenic mutations and 11 variants of unknown significance were identified.

CONCLUSIONS

Given the burden of CRC and the gradually reducing cost of genetic testing, multigene panel screening can benefit young-onset CRC patients as well as their relatives.

Association of ADIPOQ Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with the Two Clinical Phenotypes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome in a Kinh Vietnamese Population

PURPOSE

Genetic factors play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, few genetic association studies related to these disorders have been performed with Vietnamese subjects. In this study, the potential associations of ADIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with T2DM and MetS in a Kinh Vietnamese population were investigated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A study with 768 subjects was conducted to examine the associations of four ADIPOQ SNPs (rs266729, rs1501299, rs3774261, and rs822393) primarily with T2DM and secondarily with MetS. The TaqMan SNP genotyping assay was used to determine genotypes from subjects' DNA samples.

RESULTS

After statistical adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, the ADIPOQ SNP rs266729 was found to be associated with increased risk of T2DM under multiple inheritance models: codominant (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.16-4.58), recessive (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.11-4.26), and log-additive (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02-1.70). However, rs1501299, rs3774261, and rs822393 were not associated with risk for T2DM. Additionally, rs266729, rs3774261, and rs822393 were statistically associated with MetS, while rs1501299 was not. Haplotype analysis showed a strong linkage disequilibrium between the SNP pairs rs266729/rs822393 and rs1501299/rs3774261, and the haplotype rs266729(G)/rs822393(T) was not statistically associated with MetS.

CONCLUSION

The results show that rs266729 is a lead candidate SNP associated with increased risk of developing T2DM and MetS in a Kinh Vietnamese population, while rs3774261 is associated with MetS only. Further functional characterization is needed to uncover the mechanism underlying the potential genotype-phenotype associations.

Association Between AGT M235T and Left Ventricular Mass in Vietnamese Patients Diagnosed With Essential Hypertension

Background: Increasing left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients is an independent prognostic marker for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Genetic factors have been shown to critically affect left ventricular mass. AGT M235T is one of the genetic polymorphisms that may influence left ventricular mass due to its pivotal role in the regulation of plasma angiotensinogen level as well as hypertension pathophysiology in Asian populations. Currently, how M235T affects left ventricular mass is not well-described in Vietnamese hypertensive patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between M235T and left ventricular mass in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with essential hypertension.

Materials and Methods:AGT M235T genotyping and 2D echocardiography were performed on 187 Vietnamese subjects with essential hypertension. All the ultrasound parameters were obtained to calculate the left ventricular mass index according to the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging 2015 guidelines. Other clinical characteristics were also recorded, including age, gender, duration of hypertension, hypertensive treatment, lifestyle, renal function, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile.

Results: MT and TT genotypes were determined in 30 and 157 subjects, respectively. AGT M235T genotype, duration of hypertension, body mass index, and ejection fraction statistically affected the left ventricular mass index, which was significantly greater in TT compared to MT carriers after adjusting for confounding factors.

Conclusion: The TT genotype of AGT M23T was associated with greater left ventricular mass in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with essential hypertension.

Recurrent PROC and novel PROS1 mutations in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic deep venous thrombosis

INTRODUCTION

Genetic mutations of PROC and PROS1 are well-known risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the Asian population. However, the genetic profile of Vietnamese patients with DVT remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of genetic mutations of these two genes in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic DVT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 50 Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic DVT were recruited in this study. The entire coding regions of the protein C and protein S genes were amplified and directly sequenced to determine genetic alterations.

RESULTS

Four and six genetic mutations were detected in protein C and protein S genes, respectively, in 24 Vietnamese DVT patients. PROC c.565C > T (p.R189W) was the most common mutation found in 13 out of 50 patients, while the mutations of PROS1 comprised three missense and three nonsense variants which diffuse along the gene.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that mutations of protein C and protein S genes are prevalent in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic DVT, and PROC c.565C > T (p.R189W) was the most common genetic alteration.