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Musuroglu Keloglan S, Sahin L, Kocahan S, Annac E, Tirasci N, Pekmezekmek AB. Effect of caffeine on hippocampal memory and levels of gene expression in social isolation stress. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:641-652. [PMID: 37575074 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine (Cf) antagonizes the adenosine receptors and has neuroprotective properties. The effect of Cf has been seen on stress-induced deficits of cognitive. In this study, we have investigated the effect of Cf on learning and memory functions induced by social isolation (SI) stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 21-day-old Wistar albino male rats (n = 28) were divided into four groups: the control (C), the SI, the Cf, and the social isolation + caffeine (SICf). Cf (0.3 g/L) was added to the drinking water of the experimental animals for 4 weeks. The learning and memory functions were assessed using the Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT). Following, was performed histopathological evaluation and determined hippocampal gene expression levels by RT-qPCR. RESULTS According to MWMT findings, the time spent in the quadrant where the platform removed was decreased in the SI group compared with the C (p < 0.05). Histological evaluation showed morphological changes in SI by irregular appearance, cellular edema, and dark pycnotic appearance of nuclei in some neurons. However, it was observed that the histological structure of most of the neurons in the SICf group was similar to the C and Cf groups. Hippocampal SNAP25 expression was decreased in the Cf and SICf groups than in the C group (p < 0.05). The GFAP expression was increased in the SICf group than in the C group (p < 0.05). NR2A increased in the SI and SICf groups compared with C and Cf groups (p < 0.05). NR2B expression decreased in the Cf group compared with C and SI groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SI impaired spatial memory and causes morphological changes in adolescent rats, but this effect of isolation was not seen in Cf-treated animals. The effects of SI on NR2A, Cf on NR2B, and SNAP25 are remarkable. Here, we propose that the impaired effect of SI on spatial memory may be mediated by NR2A, but further studies are needed to explain this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyla Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sayad Kocahan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Gulhane Medicine, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Annac
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Tirasci
- Department of Zootechnics and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Health Sciences, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Morel V, Campana-Salort E, Boyer A, Esselin F, Walther-Louvier U, Querin G, Latour P, Lia AS, Magdelaine C, Beze-Beyrie P, Behin A, Delague V, Levy N, Stojkovic T, Attarian S, Bonello-Palot N. HINT1 neuropathy: Expanding the genotype and phenotype spectrum. Clin Genet 2022; 102:379-390. [PMID: 35882622 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathy (IPN) is a heterogeneous group of disorders due to pathogenic variation in more than 100 genes. In 2012, the first cases of IPN associated with HINT1 pathogenic variations were described in 33 families sharing the same phenotype characterized by an axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia and autosomal recessive inheritance (NMAN: OMIM #137200). Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1 regulates transcription, cell-cycle control, and is possibly involved in neuropsychiatric pathophysiology. Herein, we report seven French patients with NMAN identified by Next Generation Sequencing. We conducted a literature review and compared phenotypic and genotypic features with our cohort. We identified a new HINT1 pathogenic variation involved in NMAN: c.310G>C p.(Gly104Arg). This cohort is comparable with literature data regarding age of onset (7,4yo), neuronal involvement (sensorimotor 3/7 and motor pure 4/7), and skeletal abnormalities (scoliosis 3/7, feet anomalies 6/7). We expand the phenotypic spectrum of HINT1-related neuropathy by describing neurodevelopmental or psychiatric features in six out of seven individuals such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), mood disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, only 3/128 previously described patients had neuropsychiatric symptomatology or neurodevelopmental disorder. These features could be part of HINT1-related disease, and we should further study the clinical phenotype of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Morel
- APHM, CHU Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Campana-Salort
- APHM, CHU Timone, Centre de référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et de la SLA, ERN-NMD, Marseille, France
| | - Amandine Boyer
- APHM, CHU Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Esselin
- CHU Montpellier, Centre de référence des Maladies du Motoneurone et des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Montpellier, France
| | - Ulrike Walther-Louvier
- CHU Montpellier, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Centre de référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC (Atlantique-Occitanie-Caraïbe), Montpellier, France
| | - Giorgia Querin
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris, France.,Institut de Myologie I-Motion clinical trials platform, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- CHU de Lyon, GH Est, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, Bron, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Anthony Behin
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Delague
- INSERM, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Levy
- APHM, CHU Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France.,INSERM, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- APHM, CHU Timone, Centre de référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et de la SLA, ERN-NMD, Marseille, France.,INSERM, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Bonello-Palot
- APHM, CHU Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France.,INSERM, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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3
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Takahashi A. The role of social isolation stress in escalated aggression in rodent models. Neurosci Res 2022:S0168-0102(22)00212-7. [PMID: 35917930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-social behavior and violence are major public health concerns. Globally, violence contributes to more than 1.6 million deaths each year. Previous studies have reported that social rejection or neglect exacerbates aggression. In rodent models, social isolation stress is used to demonstrate the adverse effects of social deprivation on physiological, endocrinological, immunological, and behavioral parameters, including aggressive behavior. This review summarizes recent rodent studies on the effect of social isolation stress during different developmental periods on aggressive behavior and the underlying neural mechanisms. Social isolation during adulthood affects the levels of neurosteroids and neuropeptides and increases aggressive behavior. These changes are ethologically relevant for the adaptation to changes in local environmental conditions in the natural habitats. Chronic deprivation of social interaction after weaning, especially during the juvenile to adolescent periods, leads to the disruption of the development of appropriate social behavior and the maladaptive escalation of aggressive behavior. The understanding of neurobiological mechanisms underlying social isolation-induced escalated aggression will aid in the development of therapeutic interventions for escalated aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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4
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Validating the Persian Version of the Lubben Social Network Scale-18. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Takahashi A. Social Stress and Aggression in Murine Models. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 54:181-208. [PMID: 34432257 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life, animals engage in a variety of social interactions ranging from the affiliative mother-offspring interaction and juvenile play to aggressive conflict. Deprivation of the appropriate social interaction during early development is stressful and disrupts the development of appropriate social behaviors and emotional responses later in life. Additionally, agonistic encounters can induce stress responses in both dominant and subordinate individuals. This review focuses on the social stress that escalates aggressive behavior of animals and discusses the known neurobiological and physiological mechanisms underlying the link between social stress and aggression. Social instigation, a brief exposure to a rival without physical contact, induces aggressive arousal in dominant animals and escalates aggressive behaviors in the following agonistic encounter. Furthermore, the experience of winning an aggressive encounter is known to be as rewarding as addictive drugs, and the experience of repeatedly winning induces addiction-like behavioral and neurobiological changes and leads to abnormal aggressive behaviors. Social isolation stress in early development from neonatal to juvenile and adolescent periods also affects aggressive behavior, but these effects largely depend on the strain, sex, and species as well as the stage of development in which isolation stress is experienced. In conclusion, understanding neurobiological mechanisms underlying the link between social stress and aggression will provide an important insight for the development of more effective and tolerable treatments for maladaptive aggression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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6
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Oh HM, Lee JS, Kim SW, Oh YT, Kim WY, Lee SB, Cho YR, Jeon YJ, Cho JH, Son CG. Uwhangchungsimwon, A Standardized Herbal Drug, Exerts an Anti-Depressive Effect in a Social Isolation Stress-Induced Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1674. [PMID: 32082167 PMCID: PMC7005224 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Uwhangchungsimwon (UCW) is one of the most representative standardized herbal drugs for the treatment of central nervous system diseases, including mood disorders, and has been used for over 600 years in Korea and China. In spite of the long clinical application of UCW, no experimental evidence for its use against depressive disorders exists. Here, we performed an animal study to investigate the anti-depressive effect of UCW and the underlying mechanisms. Methods A social isolation-induced depressive-like model was produced using C57BL/6J male mice by housing the mice individually for 31 days, and the mice underwent daily oral administration of distilled water, UCW (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) during the final 17 days. A tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and open field test (OFT) were used to explore the effects of UCW on depressive-like behaviors. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was measured in the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) using immunofluorescence. The serum corticosterone level was measured with its receptor and catecholamine, along with cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Results Social isolation stress effectively induced depressive-like behaviors, and UCW treatment significantly improved the symptoms of depressive-like behavior in the FST, TST, and OFT. The isolation stress-induced depletion of 5-HT was significantly ameliorated by UCW treatment. UCW also attenuated the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the elevated serum corticosterone level, as well as the hippocampal levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. Dexametasone-derived translocation of GR was inhibited by UCW treatment in PC12 cells and HT22 cells. In addition, alterations of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), BDNF, and CREB in the protein analyses were notably regulated by UCW treatment. Conclusions These results provide animal-based evidence for the anti-depressive effect of UCW, and its underlying mechanisms may involve regulating the serotonergic system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and neurotrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Muk Oh
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seo-Woo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Taeck Oh
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won-Yong Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Rae Cho
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Jeon
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Liu ZW, Yu Y, Lu C, Jiang N, Wang XP, Xiao SY, Liu XM. Postweaning Isolation Rearing Alters the Adult Social, Sexual Preference and Mating Behaviors of Male CD-1 Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:21. [PMID: 30873013 PMCID: PMC6404373 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: No study has comprehensively evaluated the effect of postweaning isolation on the social and sexual behaviors of a certain strain of rodents in ethology. The present study aims to explore how and to what extent isolation rearing after postweaning affects the social and sexual behaviors of male CD-1 mice in adulthood systematically. Methods: Male CD-1 mice were randomly assigned to two groups: isolation reared (IS, one mouse per cage, n = 30) and group housed (GH, five mice per cage, n = 15). The mice underwent isolation rearing from postnatal day 23 to day 93. Then, social affiliation, recognition and memory were measured through selection task experiments. Social interaction under a home cage and novel environment were measured via resident–intruder and social interaction test, respectively. Furthermore, sexual preference, homosexual and heterosexual behaviors were measured. Results: Our study found that postweaning isolation increased the social affiliation for conspecifics (p = 0.001), reduced social recognition (p = 0.042) and impaired social memory. As for social interaction, isolated mice showed a remarkably increased aggression toward the intruder male in a home cage or novelty environment. For instance, isolated mice presented a short attack latency (p < 0.001), high attack frequency (p < 0.001) and long attack duration (p < 0.001). In addition, isolated mice exhibited further social avoidance. Contrastingly, isolated mice displayed a reduced sexual preference for female (IS: 61.47 ± 13.80%, GH: 70.33 ± 10.06%, p = 0.038). As for heterosexual behavior, isolated mice have a short mating duration (p = 0.002), long mounting latency (p = 0.002), and long intromission latency (p = 0.015). However, no association was observed between postweaning isolation and homosexual behavior in male CD-1 mouse. Conclusion: Postweaning isolation increased the social affiliation, impaired the social cognition and considerably increased the aggression in social interaction of adult male CD-1 mice. Postweaning isolation induced a decreased sexual preference for female in adulthood. Postweaning isolation extended the latency to mate, thereby reducing mating behavior. No association was observed between isolation and homosexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Shui-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Whaite EO, Shensa A, Sidani JE, Colditz JB, Primack BA. Social media use, personality characteristics, and social isolation among young adults in the United States. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Yu W, Xu H, Xue Y, An D, Li H, Chen W, Yu D, Sun Y, Ma J, Tang Y, Xiao Z, Yin S. 5-HT 2CR antagonist/5-HT 2CR inverse agonist recovered the increased isolation-induced aggressive behavior of BALB/c mice mediated by ADAR1 (p110) expression and Htr2c RNA editing. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00929. [PMID: 29541541 PMCID: PMC5840448 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social isolation enhances the aggressive behavior of animals, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Epigenetic studies have suggested that Htr2c RNA editing is closely related to aggressive behavior. This study aims to obtain a fundamental understanding of how social isolation impacts adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1, RNA editing enzyme) and Htr2c RNA editing, leading to aggressive behavior, and explore the effective solutions for the recovery of this behavior. METHODS We evaluated 21-day-old BALB/c mice with and without isolation for aggressive behavior using a resident-intruder test. Immune-reactivity and protein expression of ADAR1 (p110) were measured using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Htr2c RNA editing was evaluated using pyrosequencing. In addition, the 5-HT 2C R antagonist SB243213/5-HT 2C R inverse agonist SB206553 was used to treat the isolated mice, and the performance of both treatments on the behavior, ADAR1 (p110) expression, and Htr2c RNA editing in isolated mice was examined. RESULTS Both the protein expression and immune-reactivity of ADAR1 (p110) in the amygdala decreased, but the percentage of Htr2c RNA editing at A and B sites of amygdala only showed a moderate increase in isolated BALB/c mice with enhanced aggressive behavior compared to the age-matched group-housed BALB/c mice. Additionally, treatment with the 5-HT 2C R antagonist SB243213/5-HT 2C R inverse agonist SB206553 recovered the enhanced aggressive behavior of isolated mice and returned the protein expression and immune-reactivity of ADAR1 (p110) back to the normal level. Moreover, compared to the age-matched isolated mice treated with physiological saline, isolated mice treated with 5-HT 2C R inverse agonist SB206553 showed a lower percentage of Htr2c RNA editing at both A and B sites, and the same result occurred in isolated mice treated with 5-HT 2C R antagonist SB243213 at B site of Htr2c RNA editing. CONCLUSIONS The 5-HT 2C R antagonist SB243213/5-HT 2C R inverse agonist SB206553 recovered increased aggressive behavior of isolated BALB/c mice mediated by ADAR1 (p110) expression and Htr2c RNA editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Yu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Dong An
- College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Huairui Li
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Deqin Yu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Yiping Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Jianmei Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Yiyuan Tang
- Texas Tech Neuroimaging Institute Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Zhaoyang Xiao
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Shengming Yin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical University Dalian China
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Li BJ, Liu P, Chu Z, Shang Y, Huan MX, Dang YH, Gao CG. Social isolation induces schizophrenia-like behavior potentially associated with HINT1, NMDA receptor 1, and dopamine receptor 2. Neuroreport 2018; 28:462-469. [PMID: 28410269 PMCID: PMC5639997 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic factors and early life adversity play major roles in the etiology of schizophrenia. Our previous studies indicated that social isolation (SI) during early postnatal development leads to several lasting abnormal behavioral and pathophysiological features resembling the core symptoms of some human neuropsychiatric disorders in mice. The glutamate and dopamine hypotheses are tightly linked to the development of schizophrenia. The cross-talk between glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate acid receptors and dopamine receptors is associated with histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1), which is correlated with diverse psychiatric disorders. We examined the effects of SI on schizophrenia-like behavior and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to investigate the expression levels of HINT1, the NR1 subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate acid receptor, and dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R) in C57 mice. We found that SI leads to a series of schizophrenia-related deficits, such as social withdrawal, anxiety disorder, cognitive impairments, and sensorimotor gating disturbances. These abnormal phenotypes paralleled changes of HINT1, NR1, and D2R. SI may be considered a robust model of the effects of early life stress on the schizophrenia-related behaviors in mice. Potential interactions among HINT1, NR1, and D2R may underlie the behavioral deficits induced by SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Jia Li
- aDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center bCollege of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center cQi De College, Xi'an Jiaotong University dKey Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine eKey Laboratory of Forensic Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Antidepressant effect of recombinant NT4-NAP/AAV on social isolated mice through intranasal route. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10103-10113. [PMID: 28052034 PMCID: PMC5354645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to observe the depression-like behavior induced by social isolation; detect the antidepressant effect of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing NAP on social isolation mice by intranasal delivery. After construction of NT4-NAP/AAV, expression of NAP was confirmed in vitro. 3-week-old C57/BL mice were bred individually in cages as social isolation-rearing. Six weeks later, the first subset of mice underwent behavioral tests and western blot; the second was for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NT4-NAP/AAV was delivered quaque die by nasal administration for consecutive 10 days before behavioral test. Several depression-like behaviors were observed in social isolation mice, including decreased relative sucrose preference, longer immobility time in forced swimming test, lower plasma corticosterone and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus. Thus, social isolation procedure appears to be an animal model of depression with good face and construct validity. What's more, the antidepressant effect in social isolation-rearing mice was observed after intranasal administration of NT4-NAP/AAV, suggesting that this might be a promising therapeutic strategy for depressive disorder.
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12
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HINT1 in Neuropsychiatric Diseases: A Potential Neuroplastic Mediator. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:5181925. [PMID: 29214080 PMCID: PMC5682914 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5181925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have investigated the functions of histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1), its roles in neurobiological processes remain to be fully elucidated. As a member of the histidine triad (HIT) enzyme superfamily, HINT1 is distributed in almost every organ and has both enzymatic and nonenzymatic activity. Accumulating clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that HINT1 may play an important role as a neuroplastic mediator in neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, inherited peripheral neuropathies, mood disorders, and drug addiction. Though our knowledge of HINT1 is limited, it is believed that further research on the neuropathological functions of HINT1 would eventually benefit patients with neuropsychiatric and even psychosomatic diseases.
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13
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Ma J, Wang F, Yang J, Dong Y, Su G, Zhang K, Pan X, Ma P, Zhou T, Wu C. Xiaochaihutang attenuates depressive/anxiety-like behaviors of social isolation-reared mice by regulating monoaminergic system, neurogenesis and BDNF expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:94-104. [PMID: 28687505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaochaihutang (XCHT), as a classical herbal formula for the treatment of "Shaoyang syndrome" has been demonstrated to exert an antidepressant effect in multiple animal models of depression as shown in our previous studies. However, the effects of XCHT on social isolation (SI)-reared mice have not been investigated. This study aims to explore the effects of XCHT on depressive/anxiety-like behaviors of SI-reared mice, and its implicated mechanisms, including alterations in the monoaminergic system, neurogenesis and neurotrophin expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57 BL/6J mice (aged 4 weeks after weaning) were reared isolatedly for 8 weeks and XCHT (0.8, 2.3, 7.0g/kg) were given by gavage once a day. Forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT), elevated-plus maze test (EPM) and intruder-induced aggression test were used to explore the effects of XCHT on depressive/anxiety-like behaviors of SI-reared mice after administration of XCHT for 6 weeks. HPLC-MS/MS was performed to quantify the levels of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus by in vivo microdialysis, while western immunoblotting was used to evaluate the action of XCHT on the synthesis, transport and degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters. Immunofluorescence was used to study the effects of XCHT on neurogenesis and neurotrophin expression, including Ki-67, DCX, BrdU and BDNF. RESULTS Our results showed that administration of XCHT (0.8, 2.3 and 7.0g/kg) for 6 weeks significantly attenuated the increase in immobility time in TST and FST, improved the anxiety-like behaviors in OFT and EPM, and improved the aggressive behaviors of SI-reared mice. XCHT significantly elevated monoamine neurotransmitters levels and inhibited 5-HT turnover (5-HIAA/5-HT) in hippocampal microdialysates of SI-reared mice. In addition, we found XCHT enhanced monoamine neurotransmitter synthesis enzymes (TPH2 and TH) expressions, inhibited serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and decreased monoamine neurotransmitter degradation enzyme (MAOA) expression in the hippocampus of SI-reared mice for the first time. Moreover, XCHT significantly augmented hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF expression in hippocampus of SI-reared mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed for the first time that XCHT improved depressive/anxiety-like behaviors of SI-reared mice by regulating the monoaminergic system, neurogenesis and neurotrophin expression. The findings indicate that XCHT may have a therapeutic application for early-life stress model of depression and in turn provide further evidence supporting XCHT a novel potential antidepressant from a distinct perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yingxu Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guangyue Su
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xing Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tingshuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China.
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14
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Primack BA, Shensa A, Sidani JE, Whaite EO, Lin LY, Rosen D, Colditz JB, Radovic A, Miller E. Social Media Use and Perceived Social Isolation Among Young Adults in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2017; 53:1-8. [PMID: 28279545 PMCID: PMC5722463 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perceived social isolation (PSI) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Social media platforms, commonly used by young adults, may offer an opportunity to ameliorate social isolation. This study assessed associations between social media use (SMU) and PSI among U.S. young adults. METHODS Participants were a nationally representative sample of 1,787 U.S. adults aged 19-32 years. They were recruited in October-November 2014 for a cross-sectional survey using a sampling frame that represented 97% of the U.S. POPULATION SMU was assessed using both time and frequency associated with use of 11 social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, Google+, YouTube, LinkedIn, Instagram, Pinterest, Tumblr, Vine, Snapchat, and Reddit. PSI was measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scale. In 2015, ordered logistic regression was used to assess associations between SMU and SI while controlling for eight covariates. RESULTS In fully adjusted multivariable models that included survey weights, compared with those in the lowest quartile for SMU time, participants in the highest quartile had twice the odds of having greater PSI (AOR=2.0, 95% CI=1.4, 2.8). Similarly, compared with those in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of SMU frequency had more than three times the odds of having greater PSI (AOR=3.4, 95% CI=2.3, 5.1). Associations were linear (p<0.001 for all), and results were robust to all sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Young adults with high SMU seem to feel more socially isolated than their counterparts with lower SMU. Future research should focus on determining directionality and elucidating reasons for these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Primack
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Ariel Shensa
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaime E Sidani
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erin O Whaite
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Liu Yi Lin
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC McKeesport Family Medicine and Psychiatry Residency Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Rosen
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason B Colditz
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ana Radovic
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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Martin B, Wang R, Cong WN, Daimon CM, Wu WW, Ni B, Becker KG, Lehrmann E, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Etienne H, van Gastel J, Azmi A, Janssens J, Maudsley S. Altered learning, memory, and social behavior in type 1 taste receptor subunit 3 knock-out mice are associated with neuronal dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11508-11530. [PMID: 28522608 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 1 taste receptor member 3 (T1R3) is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in sweet-taste perception. Besides the tongue, the T1R3 receptor is highly expressed in brain areas implicated in cognition, including the hippocampus and cortex. As cognitive decline is often preceded by significant metabolic or endocrinological dysfunctions regulated by the sweet-taste perception system, we hypothesized that a disruption of the sweet-taste perception in the brain could have a key role in the development of cognitive dysfunction. To assess the importance of the sweet-taste receptors in the brain, we conducted transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of cortical and hippocampal tissues isolated from T1R3 knock-out (T1R3KO) mice. The effect of an impaired sweet-taste perception system on cognition functions were examined by analyzing synaptic integrity and performing animal behavior on T1R3KO mice. Although T1R3KO mice did not present a metabolically disrupted phenotype, bioinformatic interpretation of the high-dimensionality data indicated a strong neurodegenerative signature associated with significant alterations in pathways involved in neuritogenesis, dendritic growth, and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, a significantly reduced dendritic spine density was observed in T1R3KO mice together with alterations in learning and memory functions as well as sociability deficits. Taken together our data suggest that the sweet-taste receptor system plays an important neurotrophic role in the extralingual central nervous tissue that underpins synaptic function, memory acquisition, and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Martin
- From the Metabolism Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Rui Wang
- From the Metabolism Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Wei-Na Cong
- From the Metabolism Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Caitlin M Daimon
- From the Metabolism Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Wells W Wu
- From the Metabolism Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Bin Ni
- the Receptor Pharmacology Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Kevin G Becker
- the Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- the Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - William H Wood
- the Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- the Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Harmonie Etienne
- the Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, AN-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, and.,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, AN-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- the Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, AN-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, and.,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, AN-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abdelkrim Azmi
- the Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, AN-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, and.,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, AN-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Janssens
- the Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, AN-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, and.,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, AN-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- the Receptor Pharmacology Unit, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, .,the Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, AN-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, and.,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, AN-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Peeters K, Chamova T, Tournev I, Jordanova A. Axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia: there is a HINT. Brain 2017; 140:868-877. [PMID: 28007994 PMCID: PMC5382946 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in the gene encoding the histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) were recently shown to cause a motor-predominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy. About 80% of the patients exhibit neuromyotonia, a striking clinical and electrophysiological hallmark that can help to distinguish this disease and to guide diagnostic screening. HINT1 neuropathy has worldwide distribution and is particularly prevalent in populations inhabiting central and south-eastern Europe. With 12 different mutations identified in more than 60 families, it ranks among the most common subtypes of axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy. This article provides an overview of the present knowledge on HINT1 neuropathy with the aim to increase awareness and spur interest among clinicians and researchers in the field. We propose diagnostic guidelines to recognize and differentiate this entity and suggest treatment strategies to manage common symptoms. As a recent player in the field of hereditary neuropathies, the role of HINT1 in peripheral nerves is unknown and the underlying disease mechanisms are unexplored. We provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional characteristics of the HINT1 protein that may guide further studies into the molecular aetiology and treatment strategies of this peculiar Charcot–Marie–Tooth subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Peeters
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium
| | - Teodora Chamova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.,Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Jordanova
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium.,Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
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17
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Sargin D, Oliver DK, Lambe EK. Chronic social isolation reduces 5-HT neuronal activity via upregulated SK3 calcium-activated potassium channels. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27874831 PMCID: PMC5119885 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of serotonin (5-HT) neurons is critical for mood regulation. In a mouse model of chronic social isolation, a known risk factor for depressive illness, we show that 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus are less responsive to stimulation. Probing the responsible cellular mechanisms pinpoints a disturbance in the expression and function of small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels and reveals an important role for both SK2 and SK3 channels in normal regulation of 5-HT neuronal excitability. Chronic social isolation renders 5-HT neurons insensitive to SK2 blockade, however inhibition of the upregulated SK3 channels restores normal excitability. In vivo, we demonstrate that inhibiting SK channels normalizes chronic social isolation-induced anxiety/depressive-like behaviors. Our experiments reveal a causal link for the first time between SK channel dysregulation and 5-HT neuron activity in a lifelong stress paradigm, suggesting these channels as targets for the development of novel therapies for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Sargin
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David K Oliver
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Evelyn K Lambe
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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18
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Chen W, An D, Xu H, Cheng X, Wang S, Yu W, Yu D, Zhao D, Sun Y, Deng W, Tang Y, Yin S. Effects of social isolation and re-socialization on cognition and ADAR1 (p110) expression in mice. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2306. [PMID: 27602277 PMCID: PMC4994079 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that social isolation stress could be a key factor that leads to cognitive deficit for both humans and rodent models. However, detailed mechanisms are not yet clear. ADAR1 (Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) is an enzyme involved in RNA editing that has a close relation to cognitive function. We have hypothesized that social isolation stress may impact the expression of ADAR1 in the brain of mice with cognitive deficit. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated the cognition ability of mice isolated for different durations (2, 4, and 8 weeks) using object recognition and object location tests; we also measured ADAR1 expression in hippocampus and cortex using immunohistochemistry and western blot. Our study showed that social isolation stress induced spatial and non-spatial cognition deficits of the tested mice. In addition, social isolation significantly increased both the immunoreactivity and protein expression of ADAR1 (p110) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Furthermore, re-socialization could not only recover the cognition deficits, but also bring ADAR1 (p110) immunoreactivity of hippocampus and frontal cortex, as well as ADAR1 (p110) protein expression of hippocampus back to the normal level for the isolated mice in adolescence. In conclusion, social isolation stress significantly increases ADAR1 (p110) expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the mice with cognitive deficit. This finding may open a window to better understand the reasons (e.g., epigenetic change) that are responsible for social isolation-induced cognitive deficit and help the development of novel therapies for the resulted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong An
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxin Cheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Weizhi Yu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deqin Yu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiping Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiyuan Tang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, United States
| | - Shengming Yin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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