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Caulier-Cisterna R, Appelgren-Gonzáles JP, Oyarzún JE, Valenzuela F, Sitaram R, Eblen-Zajjur A, Uribe S. Comparison of LED- and LASER-based fNIRS technologies to record the human peri‑spinal cord neurovascular response. Med Eng Phys 2024; 127:104170. [PMID: 38692767 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was applied to obtain, non-invasively, the human peri‑spinal Neuro-Vascular Response (NVR) under a non-noxious electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve. This method allowed the measurements of changes in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) from the peri‑spinal vascular network. However, there is a lack of clarity about the potential differences in perispinal NVR recorded by the different fNIRS technologies currently available. In this work, the two main noninvasive fNIRS technologies were compared, i.e., LED and LASER-based. The recording of the human peri‑spinal NVR induced by non-noxious electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve was recorded simultaneously at C7 and T10 vertebral levels. The amplitude, rise time, and full width at half maximum duration of the perispinal NVRs were characterized in healthy volunteers and compared between both systems. The main difference was that the LED-based system shows about one order of magnitude higher values of amplitude than the LASER-based system. No statistical differences were found for rise time and for duration parameters (at thoracic level). The comparison of point-to-point wave patterns did not show significant differences between both systems. In conclusion, the peri‑spinal NRV response obtained by different fNIRS technologies was reproducible, and only the amplitude showed differences, probably due to the power of the system which should be considered when assessing the human peri‑spinal vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Caulier-Cisterna
- Department of Informatics and Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan-Pablo Appelgren-Gonzáles
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, the Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan-Esteban Oyarzún
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, the Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Valenzuela
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, the Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ranganatha Sitaram
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Multimodal Functional Brain Imaging and Neurorehabilitation Hub, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Antonio Eblen-Zajjur
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Uribe
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia.
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2
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Li K, Gao ZK, Guo YS, Shen XY, Han Y, Yuan M, Bi X. Preconditioning exercise reduces brain damage of ischemic stroke in rats via PI3K-AKT pathway by bioinformatic analysis. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06778-y. [PMID: 38421411 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most vital causes of high neurological morbidity and mortality in the world. Preconditioning exercise is considered as the primary prevention of stroke to resistance to subsequent injury. We tried to research the underlying biological mechanisms of this exercise. Forty-two SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, exercise group with MCAO (EX + MCAO) group, and sham group, with 14 rats in each group. The EX + MCAO group underwent exercise preconditioning for 3 weeks before occlusion, and the other two groups were fed and exercised normally. After 3 weeks, MCAO model was made by thread plug method in the EX + MCAO group and MCAO group. After successful modeling, the Longa scale was used to evaluate the neurological impairment of rats at day 0, day 1, and day 2. The rats in each group were killed on the third day after modeling. TTC staining measured the infarct volume of each group. The morphology and apoptosis of cortical cells were observed by HE and Tunel staining. Three rats in each group underwent high-throughput sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was used to find the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) and predict the transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) of the next-generation sequencing results. Gene enrichment (GSEA) was used to analyze potential functional genes and their corresponding signaling pathways. The Longa scale showed EX + MCAO group had the neurological function better than the modeling group (P < 0.001). TTC staining showed that the infarct size of EX + MCAO group was less than MCAO group (P < 0.05). HE and Tunel staining showed that the cells in the EX + MCAO group and the sham group had normal morphology and fewer apoptotic cells than MCAO group. A new gene named 7994 was discovered and TFBS of this gene was predicted, which could interact with key genes such as Foxd3, Foxa2, NR4A2, SP1, CEBPA, and SOX10. GSEA showed that EX + MCAO group could promote and regulate angiogenesis and apoptosis through PI3K-AKT pathway. Preconditioning exercise could improve nerve function and reduce infarct size in rats. The underlying mechanism is to regulate the PI3K-AKT pathway through several key genes, promote cerebral angiogenesis, and reduce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Sha Guo
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Han
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China.
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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3
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Du J, Shi P, Liu J, Yu H, Fang F. Analgesic Electrical Stimulation Combined with Wrist-Ankle Acupuncture Reduces the Cortical Response to Pain in Patients with Myofasciitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. PAIN MEDICINE 2023; 24:351-361. [PMID: 36102803 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) based on wrist-ankle acupuncture has been shown to relieve pain levels in patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). However, its efficacy is highly subjective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of TENS based on wrist-ankle acupuncture for pain management in patients with MPS from the perspective of cerebral cortex hemodynamics. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS We designed a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Thirty-one male patients with MPS were randomly assigned to two parallel groups. The experimental group (n = 16) received TENS based on wrist-ankle acupuncture for analgesic treatment, while the control group (n = 15) did not. The pain was induced by mechanically pressurized at acupoint Jianjing. The multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) equipment was utilized for measuring oxyhemoglobin (HbO) levels in the cerebral cortex during the tasks. RESULTS After the intervention, visual analog scale (VAS), the activation degree and activation area of pain perception cortices were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to the baseline values (P < .05). Particularly, Frontopolar Area (FPA), and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) are highly involved in the pain process and pain modulation. CONCLUSION Compared to no intervention, TENS based on wrist-ankle acupuncture can be effective in relieving pain in patients with MPS in terms of cerebral cortical hemodynamics. However, further studies are necessary to quantify the analgesic effect in terms of cerebral hemodynamics and brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Du
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliu Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanfu Fang
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Multimodal assessment of the spatial correspondence between fNIRS and fMRI hemodynamic responses in motor tasks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2244. [PMID: 36755139 PMCID: PMC9908920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides a cost-efficient and portable alternative to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for assessing cortical activity changes based on hemodynamic signals. The spatial and temporal underpinnings of the fMRI blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal and corresponding fNIRS concentration of oxygenated (HbO), deoxygenated (HbR), and total hemoglobin (HbT) measurements are still not completely clear. We aim to analyze the spatial correspondence between these hemodynamic signals, in motor-network regions. To this end, we acquired asynchronous fMRI and fNIRS recordings from 9 healthy participants while performing motor imagery and execution. Using this multimodal approach, we investigated the ability to identify motor-related activation clusters in fMRI data using subject-specific fNIRS-based cortical signals as predictors of interest. Group-level activation was found in fMRI data modeled from corresponding fNIRS measurements, with significant peak activation found overlapping the individually-defined primary and premotor motor cortices, for all chromophores. No statistically significant differences were observed in multimodal spatial correspondence between HbO, HbR, and HbT, for both tasks. This suggests the possibility of translating neuronal information from fMRI into an fNIRS motor-coverage setup with high spatial correspondence using both oxy and deoxyhemoglobin data, with the inherent benefits of translating fMRI paradigms to fNIRS in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.
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Cohen DJF, Li NC, Ioussoufovitch S, Diop M. Fast estimation of adult cerebral blood content and oxygenation with hyperspectral time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1020151. [PMID: 36875650 PMCID: PMC9978211 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can measure tissue blood content and oxygenation; however, its use for adult neuromonitoring is challenging due to significant contamination from their thick extracerebral layers (ECL; primarily scalp and skull). This report presents a fast method for accurate estimation of adult cerebral blood content and oxygenation from hyperspectral time resolved NIRS (trNIRS) data. A two-phase fitting method, based on a two-layer head model (ECL and brain), was developed. Phase 1 uses spectral constraints to accurately estimate the baseline blood content and oxygenation in both layers, which are then used by Phase 2 to correct for the ECL contamination of the late-arriving photons. The method was validated with in silico data from Monte-Carlo simulations of hyperspectral trNIRS in a realistic model of the adult head obtained from a high-resolution MRI. Phase 1 recovered cerebral blood oxygenation and total hemoglobin with an accuracy of 2.7 ± 2.5 and 2.8 ± 1.8%, respectively, with unknown ECL thickness, and 1.5 ± 1.4 and 1.7 ± 1.1% when the ECL thickness was known. Phase 2 recovered these parameters with an accuracy of 1.5 ± 1.5 and 3.1 ± 0.9%, respectively. Future work will include further validation in tissue-mimicking phantoms with various top layer thicknesses and in a pig model of the adult head before human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie C Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mamadou Diop
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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6
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Yuan X, Li Q, Gao Y, Liu H, Fan Z, Bu L. Age-related Changes in Brain Functional Networks under Multisensory-Guided Hand Movements Assessed by the Functional Near - Infrared Spectroscopy. Neurosci Lett 2022; 781:136679. [PMID: 35568343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the age-related effects of hand rehabilitation training under multisensory stimulation interaction on brain functional networks. METHODS A multisensory stimulation training glove (MSTG) was designed to realize 3 sensory guidance modes, namely audio-visual guidance (AVG), visual guidance (VG) and no guidance (NG). This study recruited 20 older subjects as the experimental group and 22 young people as the control group. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to monitor haemoglobin concentration in the motor cortex (MC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), temporary lo be (TL) and occipital lobe (OL) under three different guidance stages, and further analysed the cortical activation and functional connectivity (FC). RESULTS Multisensory guidance stage showed more activation and higher FC in all subjects. The activated brain regions of the older subjects showed bilateral activation, which is consistent with the Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults (HAROLD) model. In terms of brain region coordination, older people have a more balanced and denser functional network in the left and right hemispheres compared to younger people. Meanwhile, multisensory stimulation produced a positive training effect on the number of training and reaction time. CONCLUSION Audio-visual combined stimulation had a significant gain effect on hand training at different ages. However, older adults induce a wider range of cortical activations. At the same time, young and older people have different intercortical coordination networks. All these results provide theoretically and applied references for multisensory stimulation in the prevention and rehabilitation of ageing and brain neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Qinbiao Li
- Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yeqin Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Heshan Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China.
| | - Zhijun Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Lingguo Bu
- Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China; School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
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7
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Molina-Rodríguez S, Mirete-Fructuoso M, Martínez LM, Ibañez-Ballesteros J. Frequency-domain analysis of fNIRS fluctuations induced by rhythmic mental arithmetic. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14063. [PMID: 35394075 PMCID: PMC9540762 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an increasingly used technology for imaging neural correlates of cognitive processes. However, fNIRS signals are commonly impaired by task‐evoked and spontaneous hemodynamic oscillations of non‐cerebral origin, a major challenge in fNIRS research. In an attempt to isolate the task‐evoked cortical response, we investigated the coupling between hemodynamic changes arising from superficial and deep layers during mental effort. For this aim, we applied a rhythmic mental arithmetic task to induce cyclic hemodynamic fluctuations suitable for effective frequency‐resolved measurements. Twenty university students aged 18–25 years (eight males) underwent the task while hemodynamic changes were monitored in the forehead using a newly developed NIRS device, capable of multi‐channel and multi‐distance recordings. We found significant task‐related fluctuations for oxy‐ and deoxy‐hemoglobin, highly coherent across shallow and deep tissue layers, corroborating the strong influence of surface hemodynamics on deep fNIRS signals. Importantly, after removing such surface contamination by linear regression, we show that the frontopolar cortex response to a mental math task follows an unusual inverse oxygenation pattern. We confirm this finding by applying for the first time an alternative method to estimate the neural signal, based on transfer function analysis and phasor algebra. Altogether, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using a rhythmic mental task to impose an oscillatory state useful to separate true brain functional responses from those of non‐cerebral origin. This separation appears to be essential for a better understanding of fNIRS data and to assess more precisely the dynamics of the neuro‐visceral link. We proposed the use of rhythmic mental arithmetic tasks to induce cyclic oscillations in multi‐distance fNIRS signals measured on the forehead, suitable for effective frequency‐domain analysis to better identify the actual neural functional response. We confirm the impairment of deep signals by task‐evoked non‐cerebral confounds, while providing evidence for an inverse oxygenation response in the frontopolar cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Molina-Rodríguez
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Spanish National Research Council-Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marcos Mirete-Fructuoso
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Spanish National Research Council-Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis M Martínez
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Spanish National Research Council-Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
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8
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Almulla L, Al-Naib I, Ateeq IS, Althobaiti M. Observation and motor imagery balance tasks evaluation: An fNIRS feasibility study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265898. [PMID: 35320324 PMCID: PMC8942212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed at exploring the feasibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for studying the observation and/or motor imagination of various postural tasks. Thirteen healthy adult subjects followed five trials of static and dynamic standing balance tasks, throughout three different experimental setups of action observation (AO), a combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI), and motor imagery (MI). During static and dynamic standing tasks, both the AO+MI and MI experiments revealed that many channels in prefrontal or motor regions are significantly activated while the AO experiment showed almost no significant increase in activations in most of the channels. The contrast between static and dynamic standing tasks showed that with more demanding balance tasks, relative higher activation patterns were observed, particularly during AO and in AO+MI experiments in the frontopolar area. Moreover, the AO+MI experiment revealed a significant difference in premotor and supplementary motor cortices that are related to balance control. Furthermore, it has been observed that the AO+MI experiment induced relatively higher activation patterns in comparison to AO or MI alone. Remarkably, the results of this work match its counterpart from previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Therefore, they may pave the way for using the fNIRS as a diagnostic tool for evaluating the performance of the non-physical balance training during the rehabilitation period of temporally immobilized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifah Almulla
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem Al-Naib
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murad Althobaiti
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Abdalmalak A, Novi SL, Kazazian K, Norton L, Benaglia T, Slessarev M, Debicki DB, Lawrence KS, Mesquita RC, Owen AM. Effects of Systemic Physiology on Mapping Resting-State Networks Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:803297. [PMID: 35350556 PMCID: PMC8957952 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.803297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) has gained popularity mainly due to its simplicity and potential for providing insights into various brain disorders. In this vein, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an attractive choice due to its portability, flexibility, and low cost, allowing for bedside imaging of brain function. While promising, fNIRS suffers from non-neural signal contaminations (i.e., systemic physiological noise), which can increase correlation across fNIRS channels, leading to spurious rsFC networks. In the present work, we hypothesized that additional measurements with short channels, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and end-tidal CO2 could provide a better understanding of the effects of systemic physiology on fNIRS-based resting-state networks. To test our hypothesis, we acquired 12 min of resting-state data from 10 healthy participants. Unlike previous studies, we investigated the efficacy of different pre-processing approaches in extracting resting-state networks. Our results are in agreement with previous studies and reinforce the fact that systemic physiology can overestimate rsFC. We expanded on previous work by showing that removal of systemic physiology decreases intra- and inter-subject variability, increasing the ability to detect neural changes in rsFC across groups and over longitudinal studies. Our results show that by removing systemic physiology, fNIRS can reproduce resting-state networks often reported with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Finally, the present work details the effects of systemic physiology and outlines how to remove (or at least ameliorate) their contributions to fNIRS signals acquired at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Androu Abdalmalak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Androu Abdalmalak,
| | - Sergio L. Novi
- “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Androu Abdalmalak,
| | - Karnig Kazazian
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Loretta Norton
- Department of Psychology, King’s University College at Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tatiana Benaglia
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marat Slessarev
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Derek B. Debicki
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Keith St. Lawrence
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rickson C. Mesquita
- “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adrian M. Owen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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10
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Shi P, Li A, Yu H. Response of the Cerebral Cortex to Resistance and Non-resistance Exercise Under Different Trajectories: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:685920. [PMID: 34720845 PMCID: PMC8548375 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.685920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: At present, the effects of upper limb movement are generally evaluated from the level of motor performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the response of the cerebral cortex to different upper limb movement patterns from the perspective of neurophysiology. Method: Thirty healthy adults (12 females, 18 males, mean age 23.9 ± 0.9 years) took resistance and non-resistance exercises under four trajectories (T1: left and right straight-line movement; T2: front and back straight-line movement; T3: clockwise and anticlockwise drawing circle movement; and T4: clockwise and anticlockwise character ⁕ movement). Each movement included a set of periodic motions composed of a 30-s task and a 30-s rest. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure cerebral blood flow dynamics. Primary somatosensory cortex (S1), supplementary motor area (SMA), pre-motor area (PMA), primary motor cortex (M1), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were chosen as regions of interests (ROIs). Activation maps and symmetric heat maps were applied to assess the response of the cerebral cortex to different motion patterns. Result: The activation of the brain cortex was significantly increased during resistance movement for each participant. Specifically, S1, SMA, PMA, and M1 had higher participation during both non-resistance movement and resistance movement. Compared to non-resistance movement, the resistance movement caused an obvious response in the cerebral cortex. The task state and the resting state were distinguished more obviously in the resistance movement. Four trajectories can be distinguished under non-resistance movement. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the response of the cerebral motor cortex to different motion patterns was different from that of the neurophysiological level. It may provide a reference for the evaluation of resistance training effects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shi
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Anan Li
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliu Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China
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11
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Li C, Zhu Y, Qu W, Sun L. Research on blood oxygen activity in cerebral cortical motor function areas with adjustment intention during gait. Technol Health Care 2021; 29:677-686. [PMID: 33386834 DOI: 10.3233/thc-202580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the neural mechanism of human gait control can provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of walking disorders or the improvement of rehabilitation strategies, and further promote the functional rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders. However, the performance and changes of cerebral cortex activity corresponding to gait adjustment intentions are still not clear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to detect the blood oxygen activation characterization of the cerebral cortex motor function area when people have the intention to adjust gait during walking. METHODS Thirty young volunteers (21 ± 1 years old) performed normal walking, speed increase, speed reduction, step increase, and step reduction, during which oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR), and total oxyhemoglobin (HbT) information in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA) was continuous monitored using near-infrared brain functional imaging. RESULTS (1) With the intention to adjust gait, the HbO concentration in the SMA increased significantly, while the HbT concentration in the medial-PFC decreased significantly. (2) In the HbO concentration, step reduction is more activated than the step increase in the left-PMC (p= 0.0130); step adjustment is more activated than speed adjustment in the right-PMC (p= 0.0067). In the HbR concentration, the speed reduction is more activated than the speed increase in the left-PFC (p= 0.0103). CONCLUSIONS When the intention of gait adjustment occurs, the increase of HbO concentration in the SMA indicates the initial stage of gait adjustment will increase the cognitive-locomotor demand of the brain. The left brain area meets the additional nerve needs of speed adjustment. The preliminary findings of this study can lay an important theoretical foundation for the realization of gait control based on fNIRS-BCI technology.
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12
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Abdalmalak A, Milej D, Norton L, Debicki DB, Owen AM, Lawrence KS. The Potential Role of fNIRS in Evaluating Levels of Consciousness. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:703405. [PMID: 34305558 PMCID: PMC8296905 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.703405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, neuroimaging techniques have transformed our understanding of the brain and the effect of neurological conditions on brain function. More recently, light-based modalities such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy have gained popularity as tools to study brain function at the bedside. A recent application is to assess residual awareness in patients with disorders of consciousness, as some patients retain awareness albeit lacking all behavioural response to commands. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy can play a vital role in identifying these patients by assessing command-driven brain activity. The goal of this review is to summarise the studies reported on this topic, to discuss the technical and ethical challenges of working with patients with disorders of consciousness, and to outline promising future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Androu Abdalmalak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Milej
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Loretta Norton
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Derek B Debicki
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Keith St Lawrence
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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13
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Milej D, Abdalmalak A, Rajaram A, Jhajj A, Owen AM, St. Lawrence K. Incorporating early and late-arriving photons to improve the reconstruction of cerebral hemodynamic responses acquired by time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:056003. [PMCID: PMC8130006 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.5.056003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Despite its advantages in terms of safety, low cost, and portability, functional near-infrared spectroscopy applications can be challenging due to substantial signal contamination from hemodynamics in the extracerebral layer (ECL). Time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (tr NIRS) can improve sensitivity to brain activity but contamination from the ECL remains an issue. This study demonstrates how brain signal isolation can be further improved by applying regression analysis to tr data acquired at a single source–detector distance. Aim: To investigate if regression analysis can be applied to single-channel trNIRS data to further isolate the brain and reduce signal contamination from the ECL. Approach: Appropriate regressors for trNIRS were selected based on simulations, and performance was evaluated by applying the regression technique to oxygenation responses recording during hypercapnia and functional activation. Results: Compared to current methods of enhancing depth sensitivity for trNIRS (i.e., higher statistical moments and late gates), incorporating regression analysis using a signal sensitive to the ECL significantly improved the extraction of cerebral oxygenation signals. In addition, this study demonstrated that regression could be applied to trNIRS data from a single detector using the early arriving photons to capture hemodynamic changes in the ECL. Conclusion: Applying regression analysis to trNIRS metrics with different depth sensitivities improves the characterization of cerebral oxygenation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Milej
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Androu Abdalmalak
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ajay Rajaram
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amandeep Jhajj
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian M. Owen
- Western University, Brain and Mind Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith St. Lawrence
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Chen Y, Zhang Q, Yuan S, Zhao B, Zhang P, Bai X. The influence of prior intention on joint action: an fNIRS-based hyperscanning study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:1351-1360. [PMID: 33216127 PMCID: PMC7759205 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor performances of the same action are affected by prior intentions to move unintentionally, cooperatively or competitively. Here, a back-and-forth movement task combined with a motion capture system and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based hyperscanning technology was utilized to record both the behavioral and neural data of 18 dyads of participants acting in pairs [joint conditions: no-intention, cooperative (Coop) and competitive (Comp)] or alone (single conditions: self-paced and fast-speed). The results revealed that Coop or Comp intentions in the joint conditions significantly sped up motor performance compared with similar single conditions, e.g. shorter movement times (MTs) in the Coop/Comp condition than the self-paced/fast-speed condition. Hemodynamic response analysis demonstrated that stronger activities for all joint conditions than the single conditions in the premotor and the supplementary motor cortex (Brodmann area 6) were independent of variations of MTs, indicating that they might reflect more complex aspects of action planning rather than simple execution-based processes. The comparisons of joint conditions across distinct prior intentions before acting yielded significant results for both behavioral and neural measures, with the highest activation of the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and the shortest MTs in the Comp condition considered to be implications for the top-down influence of prior intentions on joint performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Qihan Zhang
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Bingjie Zhao
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xuejun Bai
- Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China.,Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China.,Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300354, China
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15
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Abdalmalak A, Milej D, Yip LCM, Khan AR, Diop M, Owen AM, St Lawrence K. Assessing Time-Resolved fNIRS for Brain-Computer Interface Applications of Mental Communication. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:105. [PMID: 32132894 PMCID: PMC7040089 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are becoming increasingly popular as a tool to improve the quality of life of patients with disabilities. Recently, time-resolved functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TR-fNIRS) based BCIs are gaining traction because of their enhanced depth sensitivity leading to lower signal contamination from the extracerebral layers. This study presents the first account of TR-fNIRS based BCI for “mental communication” on healthy participants. Twenty-one (21) participants were recruited and were repeatedly asked a series of questions where they were instructed to imagine playing tennis for “yes” and to stay relaxed for “no.” The change in the mean time-of-flight of photons was used to calculate the change in concentrations of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin since it provides a good compromise between depth sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. Features were extracted from the average oxyhemoglobin signals to classify them as “yes” or “no” responses. Linear-discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were used to classify the responses using the leave-one-out cross-validation method. The overall accuracies achieved for all participants were 75% and 76%, using LDA and SVM, respectively. The results also reveal that there is no significant difference in accuracy between questions. In addition, physiological parameters [heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)] were recorded on seven of the 21 participants during motor imagery (MI) and rest to investigate changes in these parameters between conditions. No significant difference in these parameters was found between conditions. These findings suggest that TR-fNIRS could be suitable as a BCI for patients with brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Androu Abdalmalak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Milej
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence C M Yip
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ali R Khan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Keith St Lawrence
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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