1
|
Li X, Jin M, Zhang N, Hongman W, Fu L, Qi Q. Neural correlates of fine motor grasping skills: Longitudinal insights into motor cortex activation using fNIRS. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3383. [PMID: 38376039 PMCID: PMC10784192 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor learning is essential for performing specific tasks and progresses through distinct stages, including the rapid learning phase (initial skill acquisition), the consolidation phase (skill refinement), and the stable performance phase (skill mastery and maintenance). Understanding the cortical activation dynamics during these stages can guide targeted rehabilitation interventions. METHODS In this longitudinal randomized controlled trial, functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to explore the temporal dynamics of cortical activation in hand-related motor learning. Thirty-one healthy right-handed individuals were randomly assigned to perform either easy or intricate motor tasks with their non-dominant hand over 10 days. We conducted 10 monitoring sessions to track cortical activation in the right hemisphere (according to lateralization principles, the primary hemisphere for motor control) and evaluated motor proficiency concurrently. RESULTS The study delineated three stages of nondominant hand motor learning: rapid learning (days 1 and 2), consolidation (days 3-7), and stable performance (days 8-10). There was a power-law enhancement of motor skills correlated with learning progression. Sustained activation was observed in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and parietal lobe (PL), whereas activation in the right primary motor cortex (M1R) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFCR) decreased. These cortical activation patterns exhibited a high correlation with the augmentation of motor proficiency. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that early rehabilitation interventions, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), could be optimally directed at M1 and PFC in the initial stages. In contrast, SMA and PL can be targeted throughout the motor learning process. This research illuminates the path for developing tailored motor rehabilitation interventions based on specific stages of motor learning. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY In an innovative approach, our study uniquely combines a longitudinal design with the robustness of generalized estimating equations (GEEs). With the synergy of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT) paradigm, we precisely trace the evolution of neural resources during complex, real-world fine-motor task learning. Centering on right-handed participants using their nondominant hand magnifies the intricacies of right hemisphere spatial motor processing. We unravel the brain's dynamic response throughout motor learning stages and its potent link to motor skill enhancement. Significantly, our data point toward the early-phase rehabilitation potential of TMS and transcranial direct current stimulation on the M1 and PFC regions. Concurrently, SMA and PL appear poised to benefit from ongoing interventions during the entire learning curve. Our findings carve a path for refined motor rehabilitation strategies, underscoring the importance of timely noninvasive brain stimulation treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - Minxia Jin
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Hongman
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - LianHui Fu
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Qi
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou XQ, Zhang QL, Xi X, Leng MR, Liu H, Liu S, Zhang T, Yuan W. Cortical responses correlate with speech performance in pre-lingually deaf cochlear implant children. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1126813. [PMID: 37332858 PMCID: PMC10272438 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1126813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cochlear implantation is currently the most successful intervention for severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss, particularly in deaf infants and children. Nonetheless, there remains a significant degree of variability in the outcomes of CI post-implantation. The purpose of this study was to understand the cortical correlates of the variability in speech outcomes with a cochlear implant in pre-lingually deaf children using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an emerging brain-imaging technique. Methods In this experiment, cortical activities when processing visual speech and two levels of auditory speech, including auditory speech in quiet and in noise with signal-to-noise ratios of 10 dB, were examined in 38 CI recipients with pre-lingual deafness and 36 normally hearing children whose age and sex matched CI users. The HOPE corpus (a corpus of Mandarin sentences) was used to generate speech stimuli. The regions of interest (ROIs) for the fNIRS measurements were fronto-temporal-parietal networks involved in language processing, including bilateral superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral inferior parietal lobes. Results The fNIRS results confirmed and extended findings previously reported in the neuroimaging literature. Firstly, cortical responses of superior temporal gyrus to both auditory and visual speech in CI users were directly correlated to auditory speech perception scores, with the strongest positive association between the levels of cross-modal reorganization and CI outcome. Secondly, compared to NH controls, CI users, particularly those with good speech perception, showed larger cortical activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in response to all speech stimuli used in the experiment. Discussion In conclusion, cross-modal activation to visual speech in the auditory cortex of pre-lingually deaf CI children may be at least one of the neural bases of highly variable CI performance due to its beneficial effects for speech understanding, thus supporting the prediction and assessment of CI outcomes in clinic. Additionally, cortical activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus may be a cortical marker for effortful listening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Ling Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Rong Leng
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim H, Lee G, Lee J, Kim YH. Alterations in learning-related cortical activation and functional connectivity by high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation after stroke: an fNIRS study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1189420. [PMID: 37332855 PMCID: PMC10275383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1189420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Motor learning is a key component of stroke neurorehabilitation. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) was recently developed as a tDCS technique that increases the accuracy of current delivery to the brain using arrays of small electrodes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether HD-tDCS alters learning-related cortical activation and functional connectivity in stroke patients using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods Using a sham-controlled crossover study design, 16 chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to one of two intervention conditions. Both groups performed the sequential finger tapping task (SFTT) on five consecutive days, either with (a) real HD-tDCS or (b) with sham HD-tDCS. HD-tDCS (1 mA for 20 min, 4 × 1) was administered to C3 or C4 (according to lesion side). fNIRS signals were measured during the SFTT with the affected hand before (baseline) and after each intervention using fNIRS measurement system. Cortical activation and functional connectivity of NIRS signals were analyzed using a statistical parametric mapping open-source software package (NIRS-SPM), OptoNet II®. Results In the real HD-tDCS condition, oxyHb concentration increased significantly in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1). Connectivity between the ipsilesional M1 and the premotor cortex (PM) was noticeably strengthened after real HD-tDCS compared with baseline. Motor performance also significantly improved, as shown in response time during the SFTT. In the sham HD-tDCS condition, functional connectivity between contralesional M1 and sensory cortex was enhanced compared with baseline. There was tendency toward improvement in SFTT response time, but without significance. Discussion The results of this study indicated that HD-tDCS could modulate learning-related cortical activity and functional connectivity within motor networks to enhance motor learning performance. HD-tDCS can be used as an additional tool for enhancing motor learning during hand rehabilitation for chronic stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heegoo Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyoun Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsoo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Haeundae Sharing and Happiness Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Greenfield J, Delcroix V, Ettaki W, Derollepot R, Paire-Ficout L, Ranchet M. Left and Right Cortical Activity Arising from Preferred Walking Speed in Older Adults. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3986. [PMID: 37112327 PMCID: PMC10141493 DOI: 10.3390/s23083986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cortical activity and walking speed are known to decline with age and can lead to an increased risk of falls in the elderly. Despite age being a known contributor to this decline, individuals age at different rates. This study aimed to analyse left and right cortical activity changes in elderly adults regarding their walking speed. Cortical activation and gait data were obtained from 50 healthy older individuals. Participants were then grouped into a cluster based on their preferred walking speed (slow or fast). Analyses on the differences of cortical activation and gait parameters between groups were carried out. Within-subject analyses on left and right-hemispheric activation were also performed. Results showed that individuals with a slower preferred walking speed required a higher increase in cortical activity. Individuals in the fast cluster presented greater changes in cortical activation in the right hemisphere. This work demonstrates that categorizing older adults by age is not necessarily the most relevant method, and that cortical activity can be a good indicator of performance with respect to walking speed (linked to fall risk and frailty in the elderly). Future work may wish to explore how physical activity training influences cortical activation over time in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Greenfield
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation Control, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, UMR 8201—LAMIH, University Polytechnic Hauts-de-France, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - Véronique Delcroix
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation Control, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, UMR 8201—LAMIH, University Polytechnic Hauts-de-France, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - Wafae Ettaki
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation Control, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, UMR 8201—LAMIH, University Polytechnic Hauts-de-France, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - Romain Derollepot
- Health, Safety and Transport Department, Laboratory Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences Applied to Transport (TS2-LESCOT), University Gustave Eiffel, The French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), University of Lyon, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Paire-Ficout
- Health, Safety and Transport Department, Laboratory Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences Applied to Transport (TS2-LESCOT), University Gustave Eiffel, The French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), University of Lyon, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - Maud Ranchet
- Health, Safety and Transport Department, Laboratory Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences Applied to Transport (TS2-LESCOT), University Gustave Eiffel, The French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), University of Lyon, F-69675 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng J, He W, Ma Q, Cai W, Li S, Yu H. Cortical activation in robot-assisted dynamic and static resistance training combining VR interaction: An fNIRS based pilot study. NeuroRehabilitation 2023; 52:413-423. [PMID: 36806524 DOI: 10.3233/nre-220292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few isometric training systems based on upper limb rehabilitation robots. Its efficacy and neural mechanism are not well understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the cortex activation of dynamic resistance and static (isometric) training based on upper limb rehabilitation robot combined with virtual reality (VR) interaction by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS Twenty subjects were included in this study. The experiment adopts the block paradigm design. Experiment in dynamic and static conditions consisted of three trials, each consisting of task (60 s)-rest (40 s). The neural activities of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC), premotor cortex (PMC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured. The cortex activation and functional connectivity (FC) were analyzed. RESULTS Both the dynamic and static training can activate SMC, PMC, and PFC. In SMC and PMC, the activation of static training was stronger than dynamic training, there were significant differences between the two modes of each region of interest (ROI) (p < 0.05) (SMC: p = 0.022, ES = 0.72, PMC: p = 0.039, ES = 0.63). Besides, the FC between all ROIs of the static training was stronger than that of the dynamic training. CONCLUSION The static training based on upper limb rehabilitation robot may better facilitate the cortical activation associated with motor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zheng
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanying He
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqian Cai
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujiao Li
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neural-Functional Information and Rehabilitation Engineering of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliu Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neural-Functional Information and Rehabilitation Engineering of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim J, Lee J, Lee G, Chang WH, Ko MH, Yoo WK, Ryu GH, Kim YH. Relationship between lower limb muscle activity and cortical activation among elderly people during walking: Effects of fast speed and cognitive dual task. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1059563. [PMID: 36704503 PMCID: PMC9871491 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1059563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Gait is a complex behavior that involves not only the musculoskeletal system, but also higher-order brain functions, including cognition. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between lower limb muscle activity and cortical activation during treadmill walking in two groups of elderly people: the young-old (aged 65-74 years) and the old-old (aged 75-84 years). Methods Thirty-one young-old and 31 old-old people participated in this study. All participants were sequentially subjected to three gait conditions on a treadmill: (1) comfortable walking, (2) fast walking, and (3) cognitive dual-task walking. During treadmill walking, the activity of the lower limb muscles was measured using a surface electromyography system, and cortical activation was measured using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy system. The correlation between muscle activity and cortical activation during treadmill walking was analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results During comfortable walking, lower extremity muscle activity had a strong correlation with cortical activation, especially in the swing phase; this was significantly stronger in the young-old than the old-old. During fast walking, the correlations between lower limb muscle activity and cortical activation were stronger than those during comfortable walking in both groups. In cognitive dual-task walking, cortical activation in the frontal region and motor area was increased, although the correlation between muscle activity and cortical activation was weaker than that during comfortable walking in both groups. Conclusion The corticomotor correlation differed significantly between the old-old and the young-old. These results suggest that gait function is compensated by regulating corticomotor correlation as well as brain activity during walking in the elderly. These results could serve as a basis for developing gait training and fall prevention programs for the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinuk Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Ybrain Inc., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsoo Lee
- Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyoun Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyuk Chang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Ko
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Ha Ryu
- Office of R&D Strategy and Planning, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Yun-Hee Kim, ;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Z, Song X, Qiao Y, Yan J, Zhu C, Xie Q, Niu CM. Increased Inertia Triggers Linear Responses in Motor Cortices during Large-Extent Movements-A fNIRS Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1539. [PMID: 36421862 PMCID: PMC9688254 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Activities of daily living consist of accurate, coordinated movements, which require the upper limbs to constantly interact with environmental loads. The magnitude of the load was shown to affect kinematic outcomes in healthy subjects. Moreover, the increase in load facilitates the recovery of motor function in patients with neurological disorders. Although Brodmann Areas 4 and 6 were found to be active during loaded movements, it remains unclear whether stronger activation can be triggered simply by increasing the load magnitude. If such a linear relationship exists, it may provide a basis for the closed-loop adjustment of treatment plans in neurorehabilitation. Fourteen healthy participants were instructed to lift their hands to their armpits. The movements were grouped in blocks of 25 s. Each block was assigned a magnitude of inertial loads, either 0 pounds (bare hand), 3 pounds, or 15 pounds. Hemodynamic fNIRS signals were recorded throughout the experiment. Both channel-wise and ROI-wise analyses found significant activations against all three magnitudes of inertia. The generalized linear model revealed significant increases in the beta coefficient of 0.001673/pound in BA4 and 0.001338/pound in BA6. The linear trend was stronger in BA6 (conditional r2 = 0.9218) than in BA4 (conditional r2 = 0.8323).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yongjun Qiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chaozhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chuanxin M. Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bonnal J, Monnet F, Le BT, Pila O, Grosmaire AG, Ozsancak C, Duret C, Auzou P. Relation between Cortical Activation and Effort during Robot-Mediated Walking in Healthy People: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neuroimaging Study (fNIRS). Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:5542. [PMID: 35898041 DOI: 10.3390/s22155542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Force and effort are important components of a motor task that can impact rehabilitation effectiveness. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of these factors on cortical activation during gait. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relation between cortical activation and effort required during exoskeleton-mediated gait at different levels of physical assistance in healthy individuals. Twenty-four healthy participants walked 10 m with an exoskeleton that provided four levels of assistance: 100%, 50%, 0%, and 25% resistance. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure cerebral flow dynamics with a 20-channel (plus two reference channels) device that covered most cortical motor regions bilaterally. We measured changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR). According to HbO2 levels, cortical activation only differed slightly between the assisted conditions and rest. In contrast, bilateral and widespread cortical activation occurred during the two unassisted conditions (somatosensory, somatosensory association, primary motor, premotor, and supplementary motor cortices). A similar pattern was seen for HbR levels, with a smaller number of significant channels than for HbO2. These results confirmed the hypothesis that there is a relation between cortical activation and level of effort during gait. This finding should help to optimize neurological rehabilitation strategies to drive neuroplasticity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Steele AG, Manson GA, Horner PJ, Sayenko DG, Contreras-Vidal JL. Effects of transcutaneous spinal stimulation on spatiotemporal cortical activation patterns: A proof-of-concept EEG study. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35732141 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac7b4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSS) has been shown to be a promising non-invasive alternative to epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESS) for improving outcomes of people with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, studies on the effects of TSS on cortical activation are limited. Our objectives were to evaluate the spatiotemporal effects of TSS on brain activity, and determine changes in functional connectivity under several different stimulation conditions. As a control, we also assessed the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on cortical activity. APPROACH Non-invasive scalp electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during TSS or FES while five neurologically intact participants performed one of three lower-limb tasks while in the supine position: (1) A no contraction control task, (2) a rhythmic contraction task, or (3) a tonic contraction task. After EEG denoising and segmentation, independent components were clustered across subjects to characterize sensorimotor networks in the time and frequency domains. Independent components of the event related potentials (ERPs) were calculated for each cluster and condition. Next, a Generalized Partial Directed Coherence (gPDC) analysis was performed on each cluster to compare the functional connectivity between conditions and tasks. RESULTS Independent Component analysis of EEG during TSS resulted in three clusters identified at Brodmann areas (BA) 9, BA 6, and BA 4, which are areas associated with working memory, planning, and movement control. Lastly, we found significant (p < 0.05, adjusted for multiple comparisons) increases and decreases in functional connectivity of clusters during TSS, but not during FES when compared to the no stimulation conditions. SIGNIFICANCE The findings from this study provide evidence of how TSS recruits cortical networks during tonic and rhythmic lower limb movements. These results have implications for the development of spinal cord-based computer interfaces, and the design of neural stimulation devices for the treatment of pain and sensorimotor deficit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Steele
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas, 77030-2707, UNITED STATES
| | - Gerome A Manson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas, 77030-2707, UNITED STATES
| | - Philip J Horner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas, 77030-2707, UNITED STATES
| | - Dimitry G Sayenko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas, 77030-2707, UNITED STATES
| | - Jose L Contreras-Vidal
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, N308 Engineering Building I, Houston, Texas, 77204-4005, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mitsuhashi D, Hishida R, Oishi M, Hiraishi T, Natsumeda M, Shibuki K, Fujii Y. Visualization of cortical activation in human brain by flavoprotein fluorescence imaging. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:1-9. [PMID: 35180697 DOI: 10.3171/2022.1.jns212542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an innovative brain mapping and neuromonitoring method during neurosurgery, the authors set out to establish intraoperative flavoprotein fluorescence imaging (iFFI) to directly visualize cortical activations in human brain. The significance of iFFI was analyzed by comparison with intraoperative perfusion-dependent imaging (iPDI), which is considered the conventional optical imaging, and by performing animal experiments. METHODS Seven patients with intracerebral tumors were examined by iFFI and iPDI following craniotomy, using a single operative microscope equipped with a laser light source for iFFI and xenon lamp for iPDI. Images were captured by the same charge-coupled device camera. Responses to bipolar stimulation at selected points on the cortical surface were analyzed off-line, and relative signal changes were visualized by overlaying pseudocolor intensity maps onto cortical photographs. Signal changes exceeding 3 SDs from baseline were defined as significant. The authors also performed FFI and PDI on 10 mice using similar settings, and then compared signal patterns to intraoperative studies. RESULTS Signals acquired by iFFI exhibited biphasic spatiotemporal changes consisting of an early positive signal peak (F1) and a delayed negative signal peak (F2). In contrast, iPDI signals exhibited only 1 negative peak (P1) that was significantly delayed compared to F1 (p < 0.02) and roughly in phase with F2. Compared to F2 and P1, F1 was of significantly lower amplitude (p < 0.02) and located closer to the bipolar stimulus center (p < 0.03), whereas F2 and P1 were more widespread, irregular, and partially overlapping. In mice, the spatiotemporal characteristics of FFI and PDI resembled those of iFFI and iPDI, but the early positive signal was more robust than F1. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report in humans of successful intraoperative visualization of cortical activations by using iFFI, which showed rapid evoked cortical activity prior to perfusion-dependent signal changes. Further technical improvements can lead to establishment of iFFI as a real-time intraoperative tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryuichi Hishida
- 2Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Katsuei Shibuki
- 2Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen YH, Siow TY, Wang JY, Lin SY, Chao YH. Greater Cortical Activation and Motor Recovery Following Mirror Therapy Immediately after Peripheral Nerve Repair of the Forearm. Neuroscience 2022; 481:123-33. [PMID: 34875363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cortical reorganization occurs immediately after peripheral nerve injury, and early sensorimotor training is suggested during nerve regeneration. The effect of mirror therapy and classical sensory relearning on cortical activation immediately after peripheral nerve repair of the forearm is unknown. Six participants were randomly assigned to the mirror-therapy group or the sensory-relearning group. Sensorimotor training was conducted in a mirror box for 12 weeks. The mirror-therapy group used mirror reflection of the unaffected hand in order to train the affected hand, and the sensory-relearning group trained without mirror reflection. Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments (SWM) test, static 2-point discrimination test (S-2PD), grip strength, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores were measured at baseline, the end of the intervention (T1), and 3 months after the intervention (T2). Finger and manual dexterity were measured at T1 and T2, and a functional MRI (fMRI) was conducted at T1. All participants showed improvement in the SWM, S-2PD tests, upper extremity function, and grip strength after the intervention at T1, except for the participant who injured both the median and ulnar nerves in the sensory-relearning group. In addition, the mirror-therapy group had better outcomes in finger dexterity and manual dexterity, and fMRIs showed greater activation in the multimodal association cortices and ipsilateral brain areas during motor tasks. This study provides evidence-based results confirming the benefits of early sensorimotor relearning for cortical activation in peripheral nerve injury of the forearm and different neuroplasticity patterns between mirror therapy and classical sensor relearning.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang C, Zhang T, Huang K, Xiong M, Liu H, Wang P, Zhang Y. Increased both cortical activation and functional connectivity after transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with post-stroke: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1046849. [PMID: 36569623 PMCID: PMC9784914 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1046849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that cognitive impairment is common after stroke. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for rehabilitating cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of tDCS on the rehabilitation of cognitive impairment in patients with stroke. METHODS Twenty-two mild-moderate post-stroke patients with cognitive impairments were treated with 14 tDCS sessions. A total of 14 healthy individuals were included in the control group. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Cortical activation was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the verbal fluency task (VFT). RESULTS The cognitive function of patients with stroke, as assessed by the MMSE and MoCA scores, was lower than that of healthy individuals but improved after tDCS. The cortical activation of patients with stroke was lower than that of healthy individuals in the left superior temporal cortex (lSTC), right superior temporal cortex (rSTC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC), right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC), and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (lVLPFC) cortical regions. Cortical activation increased in the lSTC cortex after tDCS. The functional connectivity (FC) between the cerebral hemispheres of patients with stroke was lower than that of healthy individuals but increased after tDCS. CONCLUSION The cognitive and brain functions of patients with mild-to-moderate stroke were damaged but recovered to a degree after tDCS. Increased cortical activation and increased FC between the bilateral cerebral hemispheres measured by fNIRS are promising biomarkers to assess the effectiveness of tDCS in stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiqi Huang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Menghui Xiong
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianyang District People's Hospital, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fabri M, Pierpaoli C, Foschi N, Polonara G. Is the Imitative Competence an Asymmetrically Distributed Function? Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:791520. [PMID: 35002644 PMCID: PMC8738096 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.791520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reconsiders behavioral and functional data from studies investigating the anatomical imitation (AI) and the related mental rotation (MR) competence, carried out by our group in healthy subjects, with intact interhemispheric connections, and in split-brain patients, completely or partially lacking callosal connections. The results strongly point to the conclusion that AI and MR competence requires interhemispheric communication, mainly occurring through the corpus callosum, which is the largest white matter structure in the human brain. The results are discussed in light of previous studies and of future implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fabri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Foschi
- Neurological Clinic, Epilepsy Centre, Ancona University Hospital Umberto I, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Polonara
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Belli VD, Orcioli-Silva D, Beretta VS, Vitório R, Zampier VC, Nóbrega-Sousa P, Conceição NRD, Gobbi LTB. Prefrontal Cortical Activity During Preferred and Fast Walking in Young and Older Adults: An fNIRS Study. Neuroscience 2021; 473:81-89. [PMID: 34455013 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes may affect the performance during fast walking speed. Although, several studies have been focused on the contribution of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during challenging walking tasks, the neural mechanism underling fast walking speed in older people remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aging on PFC activity during overground walking at preferred and fast speeds. Twenty-five older adults (67.37 ± 5.31 years) and 24 young adults (22.70 ± 1.30 years) walked overground in two conditions: preferred speed and fast walking speed. Five trials were performed for each condition. A wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system measured PFC activity. Gait parameters were evaluated using the GAITRite system. Overall, older adults presented higher PFC activity than young adults in both conditions. Speed-related change in PFC activity was observed for older adults, but not for young adults. Older adults significantly increased activity in the left PFC from the preferred to fast walking condition whereas young adults had similar levels of PFC activity across conditions. Our findings suggest that older adults need to recruit additional prefrontal cognitive resources to control walking, indicating a compensatory mechanism. In addition, left PFC seems to be involved in the modulation of gait speed in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius de Belli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Diego Orcioli-Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Victor Spiandor Beretta
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vitório
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Vinicius Cavassano Zampier
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Nóbrega-Sousa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Núbia Ribeiro da Conceição
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li C, Zhu Y, Qu W, Sun L. Research on blood oxygen activity in cerebral cortical motor function areas with adjustment intention during gait. Technol Health Care 2021; 29:677-686. [PMID: 33386834 DOI: 10.3233/thc-202580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the neural mechanism of human gait control can provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of walking disorders or the improvement of rehabilitation strategies, and further promote the functional rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders. However, the performance and changes of cerebral cortex activity corresponding to gait adjustment intentions are still not clear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to detect the blood oxygen activation characterization of the cerebral cortex motor function area when people have the intention to adjust gait during walking. METHODS Thirty young volunteers (21 ± 1 years old) performed normal walking, speed increase, speed reduction, step increase, and step reduction, during which oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR), and total oxyhemoglobin (HbT) information in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA) was continuous monitored using near-infrared brain functional imaging. RESULTS (1) With the intention to adjust gait, the HbO concentration in the SMA increased significantly, while the HbT concentration in the medial-PFC decreased significantly. (2) In the HbO concentration, step reduction is more activated than the step increase in the left-PMC (p= 0.0130); step adjustment is more activated than speed adjustment in the right-PMC (p= 0.0067). In the HbR concentration, the speed reduction is more activated than the speed increase in the left-PFC (p= 0.0103). CONCLUSIONS When the intention of gait adjustment occurs, the increase of HbO concentration in the SMA indicates the initial stage of gait adjustment will increase the cognitive-locomotor demand of the brain. The left brain area meets the additional nerve needs of speed adjustment. The preliminary findings of this study can lay an important theoretical foundation for the realization of gait control based on fNIRS-BCI technology.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Acetylcholine in the brain promotes arousal and facilitates cognitive functions. Cholinergic neurons in the mesopontine brainstem and basal forebrain are important for activation of the cerebral cortex, which is characterized by the suppression of irregular slow waves, an increase in gamma (30-100 Hz) activity in the electroencephalogram, and the appearance of a hippocampal theta rhythm. During general anesthesia, a decrease in acetylcholine release and cholinergic functions contribute to the desired outcomes of general anesthesia, such as amnesia, loss of awareness and consciousness, and immobility. Animal experiments indicate that inactivation, lesion, or genetic ablation of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain potentiated the effects of inhalational and injectable anesthetics, including isoflurane, halothane, propofol, pentobarbital, and in some cases, ketamine. Increased behavioral sensitivity to general anesthesia, faster induction time, and delayed recovery of a loss of righting reflex have been observed in rodents with basal forebrain cholinergic deficits. Cholinergic stimulation in the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and basal forebrain hastens recovery from general anesthesia. Anticholinesterase accelerates emergence from general anesthesia, but with mixed success, in part depending on the anesthetic used. Cholinergic deficits may contribute to cognitive impairments after anesthesia and operations, which are severe in aged subjects. We propose a cholinergic hypothesis for postoperative cognitive disorder, in line with the cholinergic deficits and cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. The current animal literature suggests that brain cholinergic neurons can regulate the immune and inflammatory response after surgical operation and anesthetic exposure, and anticholinesterase and α7-nicotinic cholinergic agonists can alleviate postoperative inflammatory response and cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Stan Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. Canada
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Matsuno S, Yoshiike T, Yoshimura A, Morita S, Fujii Y, Honma M, Ozeki Y, Kuriyama K. Contribution of Somatosensory and Parietal Association Areas in Improving Standing Postural Stability Through Standing Plantar Perception Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2021;:1-10. [PMID: 33567405 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although standing plantar perception training (SPPT) may improve standing postural stability, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The authors investigated the relationship between regional cortical responses to SPPT using a balance pad and training outcomes in 32 older participants (mean ± SD:72.2 ± 6.0, range:60-87). Regional cortical activity was measured in the bilateral supplementary motor area, primary sensorimotor area, and parietal association area using near-infrared spectroscopy. Postural sway changes were compared before and after SPPT. Changes in two-point plantar discrimination and regional cortical activity during SPPT, associated with standing postural stability improvements, were examined using multiple regression and indicated improved standing postural stability after SPPT (p < .0001). Changes in right parietal association area activity were associated with standing postural stability improvements while barefoot. Overall, the results suggest that right parietal association area activation during SPPT plays a crucial role in regulating standing postural stability and may help develop strategies to prevent older adults from falling.
Collapse
|
18
|
Muelbert M, Alexander T, Pook C, Jiang Y, Harding JE, Bloomfield FH. Cortical Oxygenation Changes during Gastric Tube Feeding in Moderate- and Late-Preterm Babies: A NIRS Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020350. [PMID: 33503882 PMCID: PMC7911983 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Smell and taste of food can trigger physiological responses facilitating digestion and metabolism of nutrients. Controlled experimental studies in preterm babies have demonstrated that smell activates the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) but none have investigated the effect of taste stimulation. Using cotside Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), we measured changes in OFC cerebral oxygenation in response to gastric tube feeds five and 10 days after birth in 53 assessments of 35 moderate- to late-preterm babies enrolled in a randomized trial. Babies were randomly assigned to receive smell and taste of milk before gastric tube feeds (intervention group, n = 16) or no exposure (control group, n = 19). The majority of babies were born at 33 weeks of gestation (range 32–34) and 69% were boys. No differences in OFC cerebral oxygenation were observed between control and intervention groups. Gastric tube feeds induced activation of the OFC (p < 0.05), but sensory stimulation alone with smell and taste did not. Boys, but not girls, showed activation of the OFC following exposure to smell of milk (p = 0.01). The clinical impact of sensory stimulation prior to tube feeds on nutrition of preterm babies, as well as the impact of environmental inputs on cortical activation, remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Muelbert
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Tanith Alexander
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
- Neonatal Unit, Kidz First, Middlemore Hospital, 2025 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Pook
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Yannan Jiang
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Jane Elizabeth Harding
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Frank Harry Bloomfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-923-6107
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Calistri V, Mancini P, Raz E, Nicastri M, Tinelli E, Russo FY, Fiorelli M, De Seta E, Carpentieri D, De Vincentiis M, Caramia F. fMRI in Bell's Palsy: Cortical Activation is Associated with Clinical Status in the Acute and Recovery Phases. J Neuroimaging 2020; 31:90-97. [PMID: 33146926 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we explored cortical activation in patients with acute Bell's palsy (BP) and analyzed its correlates with clinical status in the acute phase, and with 6-month outcome. METHODS Twenty-four right-handed patients with acute BP within 15 days of onset and 24 healthy controls underwent fMRI during performance of unilateral active (hemi-smiling) and passive lip movement tasks with both the paretic and the normal lip. The degree of paresis was evaluated during the acute stage and at the 6-month follow up using the House-Brackmann (HB) grading scale. Complete recovery was defined as HB grade II or less at the end of the 6-month period. The difference in the HB grade (ΔHB) between the acute stage and the 6-month follow up was used to evaluate clinical improvement. RESULTS There were 24 patients with unilateral acute BP. HB grades ranged from III to VI. At 6 months, 11 patients (46%) had completely recovered and 12 (50%) were partially improved. Compared with healthy subjects, BP patients had a significantly greater activation of the frontal areas and the insula ipsilateral to the paretic side. In BP patients, there was an inverse correlation between the activation of the ipsilateral hemisphere when moving the paretic side and the degree of paresis at baseline. An association was also observed between activation and clinical outcome (both complete recovery and ΔHB). CONCLUSIONS In patients with BP, fMRI may represent a useful tool to predict long-term outcome, guide therapeutic approach, and monitor treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Calistri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Neuroradiology Unit, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eytan Raz
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maria Nicastri
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Tinelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Neuroradiology Unit, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Fiorelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Neuroradiology Unit, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elio De Seta
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Carpentieri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Neuroradiology Unit, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Caramia
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Neuroradiology Unit, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Frie J, Bartocci M, Kuhn P. Neonatal cortical perceptions of maternal breast odours: A fNIRS study. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1330-1337. [PMID: 31782829 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to determine whether preterm and full-term newborn infants could process maternal breast odour at a cortical level. METHODS Newborn infants were exposed to cloths containing their own mother's breast odour and freshly laundered control cloths for 10 seconds, while functional near-infrared spectroscopy measured cortical activation in their olfactory processing areas. We studied 45 newborn infants born at 28-41 weeks of gestation and divided them into three groups: full-term (37-41 weeks), late preterm (33-36 weeks) and very preterm (28-32 weeks). Cortical activation was defined as a regional increase of oxyhaemoglobin following maternal breast odour stimuli. RESULTS Full-term infants demonstrated bilateral activation of their olfactory cortices following exposure to maternal breast odour. Late preterm infants and very preterm boys exhibited unilateral cortical activation, unlike very preterm girls. CONCLUSION Infants born from 32 weeks, and possibly earlier, could process low concentration maternal odours at a cortical level, which suggests they were more aware of their environment. These findings could make a significant contribution to improving the sensory environment of preterm infants and improve bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Frie
- Neonatal Research Unit Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Neonatal Medicine Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marco Bartocci
- Neonatal Research Unit Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Neonatal Medicine Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Pierre Kuhn
- Neonatal Research Unit Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Service de Médecine et Réanimation du Nouveau‐né Hôpital de Hautepierre Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Unistra Strasbourg France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hill C, Van Gemmert AWA, Fang Q, Hou L, Wang J, Pan Z. Asymmetry in the aging brain: A narrative review of cortical activation patterns and implications for motor function. Laterality 2019; 25:413-429. [PMID: 31875769 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2019.1707219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes have been identified in neural and motor level. A prominent change is reduced asymmetry in cortical activation as well as motor performance. Cortical activation models have been established based on cognitive research utilizing neuroimaging techniques to explain age-related effects on neural recruitment and reduced brain asymmetry. Recently, researchers in motor behaviour attempted to apply the models to explain motor pattern changes in aging and proposed compensation as the mechanism of the reduced motor asymmetry in older adults. Age-related alterations in movement patterns and brain activations seem to be correlated. However, based on the literature search result, no direct evidence substantiates the connection between reduced brain asymmetry and motor asymmetry in older adults. Therefore, a theoretical gap was identified. The theoretical gap exists because either neuroimaging studies have not considered motor asymmetry or motor asymmetry studies have not integrated neuroimaging techniques into study designs. Answering the research question can be valuable to both research and clinical practice. With the mechanisms of brain activation patterns during motor tasks in an aging population being better understood, protocols developed upon the new understandings can be applied to current motor interventions and better maintain the longevity of motor function of older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hill
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | | | - Qun Fang
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Lijuan Hou
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Zhujun Pan
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pomares FB, Boucetta S, Lachapelle F, Steffener J, Montplaisir J, Cha J, Kim H, Dang-Vu TT. Beyond sleepy: structural and functional changes of the default-mode network in idiopathic hypersomnia. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz156. [PMID: 31328786 PMCID: PMC6802570 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness but, in contrast to narcolepsy, does not involve cataplexy, sleep-onset REM periods, or any consistent hypocretin-1 deficiency. The pathophysiological mechanisms of IH remain unclear. Because of the involvement of the default-mode network (DMN) in alertness and sleep, our aim was to investigate the structural and functional modifications of the DMN in IH. We conducted multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 12 participants with IH and 15 good sleeper controls (mean age ± SD: 32 ± 9.6 years, range 22-53 years, nine males). Self-reported as well as objective measures of daytime sleepiness were collected. Gray matter volume and cortical thickness were analyzed to investigate brain structural differences between good sleepers and IH. Structural covariance and resting-state functional connectivity were analyzed to investigate changes in the DMN. Participants with IH had greater volume and cortical thickness in the precuneus, a posterior hub of the DMN. Cortical thickness in the left medial prefrontal cortex was positively correlated with thickness of the precuneus, and the strength of this correlation was greater in IH. In contrast, functional connectivity at rest was lower within the anterior DMN (medial prefrontal cortex) in IH, and correlated with self-reported daytime sleepiness. The present results show that IH is associated with structural and functional differences in the DMN, in proportion to the severity of daytime sleepiness, suggesting that a disruption of the DMN contributes to the clinical features of IH. Larger volume and thickness in this network might reflect compensatory changes to lower functional connectivity in IH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence B Pomares
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology and Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Soufiane Boucetta
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Lachapelle
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology and Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason Steffener
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jungho Cha
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hosung Kim
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology and Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ghiselli S, Gheller F, Trevisi P, Favaro E, Martini A, Ermani M. Restoration of auditory network after cochlear implant in prelingual deafness: a P300 study using LORETA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 40:64-71. [PMID: 31570903 PMCID: PMC7147536 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The concept of auditory restoration after cochlear implant (CI) in prelingual deafness is well described by a synaptic network model, whose development depends on sensory experience. The aim of this work was to study the associative networks activated by the CI in a population of prelingually deaf patients. In particular, the impact of age at time of first CI fitting and duration of CI use was evaluated. Twenty patients were tested and divided into three groups: early implanted and lengthy CI use (group A); late implanted and lengthy CI use (group B); late implanted and short CI use (group C). Each patient group was compared with a normal hearing age matched control group. All subjects underwent to auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) registration. ERP latencies and their cortical sources were investigated. Cortical source analysis was performed using LORETA (Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography) software. P300 latencies were significantly longer in patients than in controls. The amount of cortical activation was found to be significantly directly correlated with duration of implant use and significantly correlated inversely with age at implant. When comparing patients and controls, comparable cortical activation was only found in A patient group, and to a lesser extent in group B, while significantly lower activation was found in patient group C in the frontal and cingulate areas. CI adds a sensory modality in deafness patients, i.e. the auditory one. This involves areas implicated in sensory and cognitive functions, and needs some time to form. The duration of CI use is crucial: our results demonstrate the importance of long term use of the device in addition to an early time of implant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghiselli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health- IRCSS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavia Gheller
- ENT Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Trevisi
- ENT Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuele Favaro
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martini
- ENT Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Ermani
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bandeira JS, Antunes LDC, Soldatelli MD, Sato JR, Fregni F, Caumo W. Functional Spectroscopy Mapping of Pain Processing Cortical Areas During Non-painful Peripheral Electrical Stimulation of the Accessory Spinal Nerve. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:200. [PMID: 31263406 PMCID: PMC6585570 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES), which encompasses several techniques with heterogeneous physiological responses, has shown in some cases remarkable outcomes for pain treatment and clinical rehabilitation. However, results are still mixed, mainly because there is a lack of understanding regarding its neural mechanisms of action. In this study, we aimed to assess its effects by measuring cortical activation as indexed by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). fNIRS is a functional optical imaging method to evaluate hemodynamic changes in oxygenated (HbO) and de-oxygenated (HbR) blood hemoglobin concentrations in cortical capillary networks that can be related to cortical activity. We hypothesized that non-painful PES of accessory spinal nerve (ASN) can promote cortical activation of sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) pain processing cortical areas. Fifteen healthy volunteers received both active and sham ASN electrical stimulation in a crossover study. The hemodynamic cortical response to unilateral right ASN burst electrical stimulation with 10 Hz was measured by a 40-channel fNIRS system. The effect of ASN electrical stimulation over HbO concentration in cortical areas of interest (CAI) was observed through the activation of right-DLPFC (p = 0.025) and left-SMC (p = 0.042) in the active group but not in sham group. Regarding left-DLPFC (p = 0.610) and right-SMC (p = 0.174) there was no statistical difference between groups. As in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) top-down modulation, bottom-up electrical stimulation to the ASN seems to activate the same critical cortical areas on pain pathways related to sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational pain dimensions. These results provide additional mechanistic evidence to develop and optimize the use of peripheral nerve electrical stimulation as a neuromodulatory tool (NCT 03295370— www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janete Shatkoski Bandeira
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana da Conceição Antunes
- Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - João Ricardo Sato
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Pain and Anesthesia in Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cueli M, Rodríguez C, Cabaleiro P, García T, González-Castro P. Differential Efficacy of Neurofeedback in Children with ADHD Presentations. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E204. [PMID: 30736419 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Training in neurofeedback (NF) reduces the symptomatology associated with attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, ADHD differs in terms of the type of presentation, i.e., inattentive (ADHD-I), impulsive/hyperactive (ADHD-HI), or combined (ADHD-C). This study examines the efficacy of NF in ADHD presentations. Participants were 64 students (8–12 years old). Cortical activation, executive control, and observed symptomatology by parents were assessed. Results indicated that ADHD-C and ADHD-HI demonstrated greater improvements than ADHD-I. It was concluded that this kind of training produces an improvement and that it is necessary to explore it further in terms of the protocol used.
Collapse
|
26
|
von Bornstädt D, Gertz K, Lagumersindez Denis N, Seners P, Baron JC, Endres M. Sensory stimulation in acute stroke therapy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1682-1689. [PMID: 30073883 PMCID: PMC6168904 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18791073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of cortical activation for functional recovery after ischemic stroke have been well described. However, little is known about the role of early sensory stimulation, i.e. stimulation during first 6 h after stroke onset even during acute treatment. In recent years, various preclinical studies reported significant effects of acute sensory stimulation that range from entire neuroprotection to increased infarct volumes by 30-50%. Systematic knowledge about the effect of acute sensory stimulation on stroke outcome is highly relevant as stroke patients are subject to uncontrolled sensory stimulation during transport, acute treatment, and critical care. This article discusses the current stage of knowledge about acute sensory stimulation and provides directions for future experimental and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Bornstädt
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Gertz
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nielsen Lagumersindez Denis
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Seners
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, INSERM U894, France
| | - Jean-Claude Baron
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, INSERM U894, France
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jang SH, Yeo SS, Lee SH, Jin SH, Lee MY. Cortical activation pattern during shoulder simple versus vibration exercises: a functional near infrared spectroscopy study. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1294-1298. [PMID: 28966644 PMCID: PMC5607824 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.213549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the cortical effect of exercise has not been fully elucidated. Using the functional near infrared spectroscopy, we attempted to compare the cortical effect between shoulder vibration exercise and shoulder simple exercise. Eight healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Two different exercise tasks (shoulder vibration exercise using the flexible pole and shoulder simple exercise) were performed using a block paradigm. We measured the values of oxygenated hemoglobin in the four regions of interest: the primary sensory-motor cortex (SM1 total, arm somatotopy, and leg and trunk somatotopy), the premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the prefrontal cortex. During shoulder vibration exercise and shoulder simple exercise, cortical activation was observed in SM1 (total, arm somatotopy, and leg and trunk somatotopy), premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, and prefrontal cortex. Higher oxygenated hemoglobin values were also observed in the areas of arm somatotopy of SM1 compared with those of other regions of interest. However, no significant difference in the arm somatotopy of SM1 was observed between the two exercises. By contrast, in the leg and trunk somatotopy of SM1, shoulder vibration exercise led to a significantly higher oxy-hemoglobin value than shoulder simple exercise. These two exercises may result in cortical activation effects for the motor areas relevant to the shoulder exercise, especially in the arm somatotopy of SM1. However, shoulder vibration exercise has an additional cortical activation effect for the leg and trunk somatotopy of SM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Yeo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Robot System Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Jin
- Robot System Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Therapy, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang C, McKenna JT, Brown RE. Intrinsic membrane properties and cholinergic modulation of mouse basal forebrain glutamatergic neurons in vitro. Neuroscience 2017; 352:249-261. [PMID: 28411158 PMCID: PMC5505269 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) controls sleep-wake cycles, attention and reward processing. Compared to cholinergic and GABAergic neurons, BF glutamatergic neurons are less well understood, due to difficulties in identification. Here, we use vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2)-tdTomato mice, expressing a red fluorescent protein (tdTomato) in the major group of BF glutamatergic neurons (vGluT2+) to characterize their intrinsic electrical properties and cholinergic modulation. Whole-cell, patch-clamp recordings were made from vGluT2+ neurons in coronal BF slices. Most BF vGluT2+ neurons were small/medium sized (<20µm), exhibited moderately sized H-currents and had a maximal firing frequency of ∼50Hz. However, vGluT2+ neurons in dorsal BF (ventral pallidum) had larger H-currents and a higher maximal firing rate (83Hz). A subset of BF vGluT2+ neurons exhibited burst/cluster firing. Most vGluT2+ neurons had low-threshold calcium spikes/currents. vGluT2+ neurons located in ventromedial regions of BF (in or adjacent to the horizontal limb of the diagonal band) were strongly hyperpolarized by the cholinergic agonist, carbachol, a finding apparently in conflict with their increased discharge during wakefulness/REM sleep and hypothesized role in wake-promotion. In contrast, most vGluT2+ neurons located in lateral BF (magnocellular preoptic area) or dorsal BF did not respond to carbachol. Our results suggest that BF glutamatergic neurons are heterogeneous and have morphological, electrical and pharmacological properties which distinguish them from BF cholinergic and GABAergic neurons. A subset of vGluT2+ neurons, possibly those neurons which project to reward-related areas such as the habenula, are hyperpolarized by cholinergic inputs, which may cause phasic inhibition during reward-related events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
| | - James T McKenna
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
| | - Ritchie E Brown
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Research 116A, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA 02301, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bae SJ, Jang SH, Seo JP, Chang PH. The Optimal Speed for Cortical Activation of Passive Wrist Movements Performed by a Rehabilitation Robot: A Functional NIRS Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:194. [PMID: 28473763 PMCID: PMC5398011 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To advance development of rehabilitation robots, the conditions to induce appropriate brain activation during rehabilitation performed by robots should be optimized, based on the concept of brain plasticity. In this study, we examined differences in cortical activation according to the speed of passive wrist movements performed by a rehabilitation robot. Methods: Twenty three normal subjects participated in this study. Passive movements of the right wrist were performed by the wrist rehabilitation robot at three different speeds: 0.25 Hz; slow, 0.5 Hz; moderate and 0.75 Hz; fast. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the brain activity accompanying the passive movements performed by a robot. The relative changes in oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) were measured in two regions of interest (ROI): the primary sensory-motor cortex (SM1) and premotor area (PMA). Results: In the left SM1 the HbO value was significantly higher at 0.5 Hz, compared with movements performed at 0.25 Hz and 0.75 Hz (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in the left PMA (p > 0.05). In the group analysis, the left SM1 was activated during passive movements at three speeds (uncorrected p < 0.05) and the greatest activation in the SM1 was observed at 0.5 Hz. Conclusions: In conclusion, the contralateral SM1 showed the greatest activation by a moderate speed (0.5 Hz) rather than slow (0.25 Hz) and fast (0.75 Hz) speed. Our results suggest an ideal speed for execution of the wrist rehabilitation robot. Therefore, our results might provide useful data for more effective and empirically-based robot rehabilitation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Bae
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong Pyo Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Pyung Hun Chang
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Sensory stimulation drives complex interactions across neural circuits as information is encoded and then transmitted from one brain region to the next. In the highly interconnected thalamocortical circuit, these complex interactions elicit repeatable neural dynamics in response to temporal patterns of stimuli that provide insight into the circuit properties that generated them. Here, using a combination of in vivo voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging of cortex, single-unit recording in thalamus, and optogenetics to manipulate thalamic state in the rodent vibrissa pathway, we probed the thalamocortical circuit with simple temporal patterns of stimuli delivered either to the whiskers on the face (sensory stimulation) or to the thalamus directly via electrical or optogenetic inputs (artificial stimulation). VSD imaging of cortex in response to whisker stimulation revealed classical suppressive dynamics, while artificial stimulation of thalamus produced an additional facilitation dynamic in cortex not observed with sensory stimulation. Thalamic neurons showed enhanced bursting activity in response to artificial stimulation, suggesting that bursting dynamics may underlie the facilitation mechanism we observed in cortex. To test this experimentally, we directly depolarized the thalamus, using optogenetic modulation of the firing activity to shift from a burst to a tonic mode. In the optogenetically depolarized thalamic state, the cortical facilitation dynamic was completely abolished. Together, the results obtained here from simple probes suggest that thalamic state, and ultimately thalamic bursting, may play a key role in shaping more complex stimulus-evoked dynamics in the thalamocortical pathway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, we have been able to utilize optogenetic modulation of thalamic firing modes combined with optical imaging of cortex in the rat vibrissa system to directly test the role of thalamic state in shaping cortical response properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa J Whitmire
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel C Millard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Garrett B Stanley
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Svebak S. Consequences of Laughter Upon Trunk Compression and Cortical Activation: Linear and Polynomial Relations. Eur J Psychol 2016; 12:456-72. [PMID: 27547260 PMCID: PMC4991051 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Results from two studies of biological consequences of laughter are reported. A proposed inhibitory brain mechanism was tested in Study 1. It aims to protect against trunk compression that can cause health hazards during vigorous laughter. Compression may be maximal during moderate durations and, for protective reasons, moderate in enduring vigorous laughs. Twenty-five university students volunteered to see a candid camera film. Laughter responses (LR) and the superimposed ha-responses were operationally assessed by mercury-filled strain gauges strapped around the trunk. On average, the thorax compression amplitudes exceeded those of the abdomen, and greater amplitudes were seen in the males than in the females after correction for resting trunk circumference. Regression analyses supported polynomial relations because medium LR durations were associated with particularly high thorax amplitudes. In Study 2, power changes were computed in the beta and alpha EEG frequency bands of the parietal cortex from before to after exposure to the comedy “Dinner for one” in 56 university students. Highly significant linear relations were calculated between the number of laughs and post-exposure cortical activation (increase of beta, decrease of alpha) due to high activation after frequent laughter. The results from Study 1 supported the hypothesis of a protective brain mechanism that is activated during long LRs to reduce the risk of harm to vital organs in the trunk cavity. The results in Study 2 supported a linear cortical activation and, thus, provided evidence for a biological correlate to the subjective experience of mental refreshment after laughter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Svebak
- Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Venclove S, Daktariunas A, Ruksenas O. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a continuous wave type based system for human frontal lobe studies. EXCLI J 2015; 14:1145-52. [PMID: 26869869 PMCID: PMC4746999 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical non-invasive brain monitoring technology that registers changes in hemodynamic responses within the cortex of the human brain. Over the last decades fNIRS became a promising method in neurosciences: it is non-invasive, portable and can be used in long term studies. All these advantages make it suitable for educational purposes as well. This paper presents basic methodological concept of optical engineering principles and suitable applications of fNIRS. We represent a continuous wave (cw-fNIRS) system that could be used for frontal lobe studies in human adults or as demonstration equipment for physiological measurements. This system has been validated by comparing it with commercial device fNIR400 from Biopac. A comparison of geometry, data and statistical analyses suggests similar hemodynamic responses recorded by both devices. Our study suggests that this system can be used for further development and as a guideline for researchers to develop a specific tool for applications in human brain studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Venclove
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Ciurlionio 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algis Daktariunas
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Ciurlionio 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Osvaldas Ruksenas
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Ciurlionio 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Evans DE, Sutton SK, Oliver JA, Drobes DJ. Cortical activity differs during nicotine deprivation versus satiation in heavy smokers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1879-85. [PMID: 25491928 PMCID: PMC4426214 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Research suggests that nicotine deprivation among smokers is associated with lesser resting cortical activity (i.e., greater power density in theta and alpha-1 EEG bands and lesser power in beta bands). These changes in cortical activity may be indicative of withdrawal-related cognitive deficits, yet the markers of differences in cortical activity are not well-established. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to clarify the EEG frequency bands affected by nicotine deprivation and assess prospective moderators. METHOD One hundred twenty-four heavy smokers visited the laboratory on two occasions following overnight smoking/nicotine deprivation. Prior to collecting 3 min of resting EEG data, participants smoked two very low nicotine cigarettes (<0.05 mg nicotine yield) at one session and two moderate nicotine cigarettes (0.60 mg nicotine yield) at the other. RESULTS Theta and alpha-1 band (4-7 and 8-10 Hz) was greater in the very low nicotine (deprivation) relative to higher nicotine (satiation) condition. There were no condition differences in the beta-1 and beta-2 bands (14-20 and 21-30 Hz). CONCLUSIONS Greater slow wave resting EEG may serve as a reliable marker of decreased cortical activity during smoking deprivation and, in turn, of withdrawal-related deficits in cognitive functioning. This research may inform the development of adjunct strategies for smoking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Evans
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida,University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Steven K. Sutton
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida,University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jason A. Oliver
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida,University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - David J. Drobes
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida,University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kwon YH, Jang SH. Onsite-effects of dual-hemisphere versus conventional single-hemisphere transcranial direct current stimulation: A functional MRI study. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1889-94. [PMID: 25624815 PMCID: PMC4298903 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.24.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed functional MRI examinations in six right-handed healthy subjects. During functional MRI scanning, transcranial direct current stimulation was delivered with the anode over the right primary sensorimotor cortex and the cathode over the left primary sensorimotor cortex using dual-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation. This was compared to a cathode over the left supraorbital area using conventional single-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation. Voxel counts and blood oxygenation level-dependent signal intensities in the right primary sensorimotor cortex regions were estimated and compared between the two transcranial direct current stimulation conditions. Our results showed that dual-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation induced greater cortical activities than single-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation. These findings suggest that dual-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation may provide more effective cortical stimulation than single-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam College of Science & Technology, Daegu 705-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang Q, Yu W, He N, Chen K. Investigation of the cortical activation by touching fabric actively using fingers. Skin Res Technol 2015; 21:444-8. [PMID: 25594629 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Human subjects can tactually estimate the perception of touching fabric. Although many psychophysical and neurophysiological experiments have elucidated the peripheral neural mechanisms that underlie fabric hand estimation, the associated cortical mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS To identify the brain regions responsible for the tactile stimulation of fabric against human skin, we used the technology of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to observe brain activation when the subjects touched silk fabric actively using fingers. RESULTS Consistent with previous research about brain cognition on sensory stimulation, large activation in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and moto cortex, and little activation in the posterior insula cortex and Broca's Area were observed when the subjects touched silk fabric. CONCLUSION The technology of fMRI is a promising tool to observe and characterize the brain cognition on the tactile stimulation of fabric quantitatively. The intensity and extent of activation in the brain regions, especially the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), can represent the perception of stimulation of fabric quantitatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Yu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - N He
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Teipel S, Ehlers I, Erbe A, Holzmann C, Lau E, Hauenstein K, Berger C. Structural Connectivity Changes Underlying Altered Working Memory Networks in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Three-Way Image Fusion Analysis. J Neuroimaging 2014; 25:634-42. [PMID: 25354135 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Working memory impairment is among the earliest signs of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to study the functional and structural substrate of working memory impairment in early AD dementia and MCI. METHODS We studied a group of 12 MCI and AD subjects compared to 12 age- and gender-matched healthy elderly controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a 2-back versus 1-back letter recognition task. We performed a three-way image fusion analysis with joint independent component analysis of cortical activation during working memory, and DTI derived measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and the mode of anisotropy. RESULTS We found significant hypoactivation in posterior brain areas and relative hyperactivation in anterior brain areas during working memory in AD/MCI subjects compared to controls. Corresponding independent components from DTI data revealed reduced FA and reduced mode of anisotropy in intracortical projecting fiber tracts with posterior predominance and increased FA and increased mode along the corticospinal tract in AD/MCI compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that impairments of structural fiber tract integrity accompany breakdown of posterior and relatively preserved anterior cortical activation during working memory performance in MCI/AD subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
| | - Inga Ehlers
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna Erbe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carsten Holzmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Esther Lau
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu H, Song L, Zhang T. Changes in brain activation in stroke patients after mental practice and physical exercise: a functional MRI study. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1474-84. [PMID: 25317160 PMCID: PMC4192950 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.139465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental practice is a new rehabilitation method that refers to the mental rehearsal of motor imagery content with the goal of improving motor performance. However, the relationship between activated regions and motor recovery after mental practice training is not well understood. In this study, 15 patients who suffered a first-ever subcortical stroke with neurological deficits affecting the right hand, but no significant cognitive impairment were recruited. 10 patients underwent mental practice combined with physical practice training, and 5 patients only underwent physical practice training. We observed brain activation regions after 4 weeks of training, and explored the correlation of activation changes with functional recovery of the affected hands. The results showed that, after 4 weeks of mental practice combined with physical training, the Fugl-Meyer assessment score for the affected right hand was significantly increased than that after 4 weeks of practice training alone. Functional MRI showed enhanced activation in the left primary somatosensory cortex, attenuated activation intensity in the right primary motor cortex, and enhanced right cerebellar activation observed during the motor imagery task using the affected right hand after mental practice training. The changes in brain cortical activity were related to functional recovery of the hand. Experimental findings indicate that cortical and cerebellar functional reorganization following mental practice contributed to the improvement of hand function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Luping Song
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Perrey
- Movement to Health (M2H), Montpellier-1 University, EuroMov Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Greve DN, Duntley SP, Larson-Prior L, Krystal AD, Diaz MT, Drummond SPA, Thein SG, Kushida CA, Yang R, Thomas RJ. Effect of armodafinil on cortical activity and working memory in patients with residual excessive sleepiness associated with CPAP-Treated OSA: a multicenter fMRI study. J Clin Sleep Med 2014; 10:143-53. [PMID: 24532997 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of armodafinil on task-related prefrontal cortex activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and excessive sleepiness despite continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. METHODS This 2-week, multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted at five neuroimaging sites and four collaborating clinical study centers in the United States. Patients were 40 right-handed or ambidextrous men and women aged between 18 and 60 years, with OSA and persistent sleepiness, as determined by multiple sleep latency and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, despite effective, stable use of CPAP. Treatment was randomized (1:1) to once-daily armodafinil 200 mg or placebo. The primary efficacy outcome was a change from baseline at week 2 in the volume of activation meeting the predefined threshold in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during a 2-back working memory task. The key secondary measure was the change in task response latency. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between treatment groups in the primary or key secondary outcomes. Armodafinil was generally well tolerated. The most common adverse events (occurring in more than one patient [5%]) were headache (19%), nasopharyngitis (14%), and diarrhea (10%). CONCLUSIONS Armodafinil did not improve fMRI-measured functional brain activation in CPAP-treated patients with OSA and excessive sleepiness. STUDY REGISTRATION Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Functional Neuroimaging Study of Armodafinil (200 mg/Day) on Prefrontal Cortical Activation in Patients With Residual Excessive Sleepiness Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA
| | - Stephen P Duntley
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, St. Louis, MO
| | - Linda Larson-Prior
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Michele T Diaz
- Duke University Medical Center, Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Durham, NC
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- University of California and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Clete A Kushida
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford Sleep Medicine Center, Redwood City, CA
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc., Frazer, PA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chang PH, Lee SH, Gu GM, Lee SH, Jin SH, Yeo SS, Seo JP, Jang SH. The cortical activation pattern by a rehabilitation robotic hand: a functional NIRS study. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:49. [PMID: 24570660 PMCID: PMC3915242 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Clarification of the relationship between external stimuli and brain response has been an important topic in neuroscience and brain rehabilitation. In the current study, using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we attempted to investigate cortical activation patterns generated during execution of a rehabilitation robotic hand. Methods: Ten normal subjects were recruited for this study. Passive movements of the right fingers were performed using a rehabilitation robotic hand at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. We measured values of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO), deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) and total-hemoglobin (HbT) in five regions of interest: the primary sensory-motor cortex (SM1), hand somatotopy of the contralateral SM1, supplementary motor area (SMA), premotor cortex (PMC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Results: HbO and HbT values indicated significant activation in the left SM1, left SMA, left PMC, and left PFC during execution of the rehabilitation robotic hand (uncorrected, p < 0.01). By contrast, HbR value indicated significant activation only in the hand somatotopic area of the left SM1 (uncorrected, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results appear to indicate that execution of the rehabilitation robotic hand could induce cortical activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pyung-Hun Chang
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Taegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Taegu, South Korea
| | - Gwang Min Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology Taegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Robotics Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Taegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Jin
- Robotics Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Taegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Seok Yeo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Taegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong Pyo Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Taegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Taegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Verner M, Herrmann MJ, Troche SJ, Roebers CM, Rammsayer TH. Cortical oxygen consumption in mental arithmetic as a function of task difficulty: a near-infrared spectroscopy approach. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:217. [PMID: 23734120 PMCID: PMC3660659 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated changes in cortical oxygenation during mental arithmetic using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Twenty-nine male volunteers were examined using a 52-channel continuous wave system for analyzing activity in prefrontal areas. With the help of a probabilistic mapping method, three regions of interest (ROIs) on each hemisphere were defined: The inferior frontal gyri (IFG), the middle frontal gyri (MFG), and the superior frontal gyri (SFG). Oxygenation as an indicator of functional brain activation was compared over the three ROI and two levels of arithmetic task difficulty (simple and complex additions). In contrast to most previous studies using fMRI or NIRS, in the present study arithmetic tasks were presented verbally in analogue to many daily life situations. With respect to task difficulty, more complex addition tasks led to higher oxygenation in all defined ROI except in the left IFG compared to simple addition tasks. When compared to the channel positions covering different gyri of the temporal lobe, the observed sensitivity to task complexity was found to be restricted to the specified ROIs. As to the comparison of ROIs, the highest oxygenation was found in the IFG, while MFG and SFG showed significantly less activation compared to IFG. The present cognitive-neuroscience approach demonstrated that NIRS is a suitable and highly feasible research tool for investigating and quantifying neural effects of increasing arithmetic task difficulty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Verner
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning, and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kwon YH, Kwon JW, Park JW. Changes in brain activation patterns according to cross-training effect in serial reaction time task: An functional MRI study. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:639-46. [PMID: 25206709 PMCID: PMC4145986 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-training is a phenomenon related to motor learning, where motor performance of the untrained limb shows improvement in strength and skill execution following unilateral training of the homologous contralateral limb. We used functional MRI to investigate whether motor performance of the untrained limb could be improved using a serial reaction time task according to motor sequential learning of the trained limb, and whether these skill acquisitions led to changes in brain activation patterns. We recruited 20 right-handed healthy subjects, who were randomly allocated into training and control groups. The training group was trained in performance of a serial reaction time task using their non-dominant left hand, 40 minutes per day, for 10 days, over a period of 2 weeks. The control group did not receive training. Measurements of response time and percentile of response accuracy were performed twice during pre- and post-training, while brain functional MRI was scanned during performance of the serial reaction time task using the untrained right hand. In the training group, prominent changes in response time and percentile of response accuracy were observed in both the untrained right hand and the trained left hand between pre- and post-training. The control group showed no significant changes in the untrained hand between pre- and post-training. In the training group, the activated volume of the cortical areas related to motor function (i.e., primary motor cortex, premotor area, posterior parietal cortex) showed a gradual decrease, and enhanced cerebellar activation of the vermis and the newly activated ipsilateral dentate nucleus were observed during performance of the serial reaction time task using the untrained right hand, accompanied by the cross-motor learning effect. However, no significant changes were observed in the control group. Our findings indicate that motor skills learned over the 2-week training using the trained limb were transferred to the opposite homologous limb, and motor skill acquisition of the untrained limb led to changes in brain activation patterns in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam College of Science & Technology, Daegu, Damgu 705-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam College of Science & Technology, Daegu, Damgu 705-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-si, Kyeongbuk 712-702, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Cerebral asymmetry is used to describe the differences in electroencephalographic activity between regions of the brain. The objective of this study was to document frontal, central, and parietal asymmetry in psychophysiological (Psy-I) and paradoxical (Para-I) insomnia sufferers as well as good sleeper (GS) controls, and to compare their patterns of asymmetry to others already found in anxiety and depression. Additionally, asymmetry variations between nights were assessed. Participants were 17 Psy-I, 14 Para-I, and 19 GS (mean age = 40 years, SD = 9.4). They completed three nights of polysomnography (PSG) recordings following a clinical evaluation in a sleep laboratory. All sleep cycles of Nights 2 and 3 were retained for power spectral analysis. The absolute activity in frequency bands (0.00-125.00 Hz) was computed at multiple frontal, central, and parietal sites in rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep to provide cerebral asymmetry measures. Mixed model ANOVAs were computed to assess differences between groups and nights. Correlations were performed with asymmetry and symptoms of depression and anxiety from self-reported questionnaires. Over the course of the two nights, Para-I tended to present hypoactivation of their left frontal region but hyperactivation of their right one compared with GS. As for Psy-I, they presented increased activation of their right parietal region compared with Para-I. Asymmetry at frontal, central, and parietal region differed between nights. On a more disrupted night of sleep, Psy-I had increased activity in their right parietal region while Para-I presented a decrease in cerebral activity in the right central region on their less disrupted night of sleep. Anxious and depressive symptoms did not correlate with asymmetry at any region. Therefore, Psy-I and Para-I present unique patterns of cerebral asymmetry that do not relate to depression or anxiety, and asymmetry varies between nights, maybe as a consequence of variability in objective sleep quality from night to night.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève St-Jean
- École de Psychologie, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales Humaines, Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-GiffardQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Turcotte
- École de Psychologie, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales Humaines, Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-GiffardQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Célyne H. Bastien
- École de Psychologie, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales Humaines, Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-GiffardQuébec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sawa M, Yamashita H, Fujimaki K, Okada G, Takahashi T, Yamawaki S. Depressive symptoms and apathy are associated with psychomotor slowness and frontal activation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262:493-9. [PMID: 22323151 PMCID: PMC3429768 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-012-0296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Affective symptoms, such as depression and apathy, and cognitive dysfunction, such as psychomotor slowness, are known to have negative impacts on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with mental and physical diseases. However, the relationships among depressive symptoms, apathy, psychomotor slowness, and QOL in a non-clinical population are unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess these relationships and examine the underlying cortical mechanisms in a non-clinical population. Fifty-two healthy male volunteers were assessed for depressive symptoms using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), for apathy measured using the Apathy Scale, and QOL using the Short-Form 36 item questionnaire (SF36). The volunteers also performed the Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A) while undergoing assessment of hemoglobin concentration changes in the frontal cortical surface using 24-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The scores of the SDS and Apathy Scale showed significant negative correlations with the scores of most of subscales of the SF36. In addition, the SDS score had a significant positive correlation with the time to complete the TMT-A. Further, activation of several frontal cortical areas had a significant positive correlation with the scores of the SDS and Apathy Scale. These results suggest that the degree of depressive symptoms and apathy are associated with a lower QOL in a non-clinical population and that cortical hyperactivation during a psychomotor task measured by NIRS may identify objectively individuals with a high degree of depressive symptoms and apathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Sawa
- Daijikai Mihara Hospital, 6-31-1 Nakano-cho, Mihara, Hiroshima, 723-0003 Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Hidehisa Yamashita
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Koichiro Fujimaki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara, Hiroshima, 723-0053 Japan
| | - Go Okada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 8109-2700 USA
| | - Terumichi Takahashi
- Daijikai Mihara Hospital, 6-31-1 Nakano-cho, Mihara, Hiroshima, 723-0003 Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Parmentier R, Ohtsu H, Djebbara-Hannas Z, Valatx JL, Watanabe T, Lin JS. Anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological characteristics of histidine decarboxylase knock-out mice: evidence for the role of brain histamine in behavioral and sleep-wake control. J Neurosci 2002; 22:7695-711. [PMID: 12196593 PMCID: PMC6757981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that histaminergic neurons are involved in brain arousal is supported by many studies. However, the effects of the selective long-term abolition of histaminergic neurons on the sleep-wake cycle, indispensable in determining their functions, remain unknown. We have compared brain histamine(HA)-immunoreactivity and the cortical-EEG and sleep-wake cycle under baseline conditions or after behavioral or pharmacological stimuli in wild-type (WT) and knock-out mice lacking the histidine decarboxylase gene (HDC-/-). HDC-/-mice showed an increase in paradoxical sleep, a decrease in cortical EEG power in theta-rhythm during waking (W), and a decreased EEG slow wave sleep/W power ratio. Although no major difference was noted in the daily amount of spontaneous W, HDC-/-mice showed a deficit of W at lights-off and signs of somnolence, as demonstrated by a decreased sleep latencies after various behavioral stimuli, e.g., WT-mice placed in a new environment remained highly awake for 2-3 hr, whereas HDC-/-mice fell asleep after a few minutes. These effects are likely to be attributable to lack of HDC and thus of HA. In WT mice, indeed, intraperitoneal injection of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (HDC-inhibitor) caused a decrease in W, whereas injection of ciproxifan (HA-H3 receptor antagonist) elicited W. Both injections had no effect in HDC-/-mice. Moreover, PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed the absence of the HDC gene and brain HA-immunoreactive neurons in the HDC-/-mice. These data indicate that disruption of HA-synthesis causes permanent changes in the cortical-EEG and sleep-wake cycle and that, at moments when high vigilance is required (lights off, environmental change em leader ), mice lacking brain HA are unable to remain awake, a prerequisite condition for responding to behavioral and cognitive challenges. We suggest that histaminergic neurons also play a key role in maintaining the brain in an awake state faced with behavioral challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Régis Parmentier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U480, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, 69373 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
At present, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of cortical language functions favors "silent" task paradigms with no overt speaking, due to severe motion artifacts in MR images induced by vocalization. To the extent that the neural substrate of silent speaking might differ from that of overt speaking, this is a problem for understanding spoken language. The present study combined event related fMRI methodology with a set of techniques for motion reduction, detection, and correction to further investigate overt speech and compare it to silent speech. The purpose of the study was two-fold. We aimed to test a multiple-step image processing protocol involving discrimination and separation of motion-induced signals from activation-induced signals and we aimed to use this multi-step image processing protocol to compare the similarity of activation of cortical pathways potentially relevant to language production during silent and overt speech, focusing on Broca area and primary motor cortex as test cases. If the problem of motion artifact can be handled effectively, fMRI can add greatly to the tools available to investigate human language.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Thomas H. Carr
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lee RS, Steffensen SC, Henriksen SJ. Discharge profiles of ventral tegmental area GABA neurons during movement, anesthesia, and the sleep-wake cycle. J Neurosci 2001; 21:1757-66. [PMID: 11222665 PMCID: PMC6762953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission has been implicated in behavioral and cortical arousal, DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are not significantly modulated by anesthetics or the sleep-wake cycle. However, VTA and SN non-DA neurons evince increased firing rates during active wakefulness (AW) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, relative to quiet wakefulness. Here we describe the effects of movement, select anesthetics, and the sleep-wake cycle on the activity of a homogeneous population of VTA GABA-containing neurons during normal sleep and after 24 hr sleep deprivation. In freely behaving rats, VTA GABA neurons were relatively fast firing (29 +/- 6 Hz during AW), nonbursting neurons that exhibited markedly increased activity during the onset of discrete movements. Adequate anesthesia produced by administration of chloral hydrate, ketamine, or halothane significantly reduced VTA GABA neuron firing rate and converted their activity into phasic 0.5-2.0 sec ON/OFF periods. VTA GABA neuron firing rate decreased 53% during slow-wave sleep (SWS) and increased 79% during REM, relative to AW; however, the discharging was not synchronous with electrocortical alpha wave activity during AW, delta wave activity during SWS, or gamma wave activity during REM. During deprived SWS, there was a direct correlation between increased VTA GABA neuron slowing and increased delta wave power. These findings indicate that the discharging of VTA GABA neurons correlates with psychomotor behavior and that these neurons may be an integral part of the extrathalamic cortical activating system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Lee
- Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Manns ID, Alonso A, Jones BE. Discharge properties of juxtacellularly labeled and immunohistochemically identified cholinergic basal forebrain neurons recorded in association with the electroencephalogram in anesthetized rats. J Neurosci 2000; 20:1505-18. [PMID: 10662840 PMCID: PMC6772366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that cholinergic basal forebrain neurons play an important role in the regulation of cortical activity and state. However, the discharge properties of cholinergic cells in relation to the electroencephalogram (EEG) are not yet known. In the present study, cells were recorded in the basal forebrain in association with cortical EEG activity in urethane-anesthetized rats, and their discharge was examined during EEG irregular slow activity and during stimulation-induced cortical activation, characterized by rhythmic slow (theta) and high-frequency (gamma) activities. Recorded cells were labeled with Neurobiotin (Nb), using the juxtacellular technique and identified as cholinergic by immunohistochemical staining for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Nb-positive/ChAT-positive neurons were distinctive and significantly different from Nb-positive/ChAT-negative neurons, which were heterogeneous in their discharge properties. All Nb(+)/ChAT(+) cells increased their discharge rate with stimulation, and most shifted from an irregular tonic discharge during EEG slow irregular activity to a rhythmic burst discharge during rhythmic slow activity. The stimulation-induced rhythmic discharge was cross-correlated with the EEG rhythmic slow activity. In some units the rhythmic discharge matched the rhythmic slow activity of the retrosplenial cortex; in others, it matched that of the prefrontal cortex, which occurred at a slower frequency, suggesting that subsets of cholinergic neurons may influence their cortical target areas rhythmically at particular frequencies. Cholinergic basal forebrain neurons thus may evoke and enhance cortical activation via both an increase in rate and a change in pattern to rhythmic bursting that would stimulate rhythmic slow (theta-like) activity in cortical fields during active waking and paradoxical sleep states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I D Manns
- Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Herculano-Houzel S, Munk MH, Neuenschwander S, Singer W. Precisely synchronized oscillatory firing patterns require electroencephalographic activation. J Neurosci 1999; 19:3992-4010. [PMID: 10234029 PMCID: PMC6782718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal response synchronization with millisecond precision has been proposed to serve feature binding in vision and should therefore, like visual experience, depend on central states. Here we test this hypothesis by examining the occurrence and strength of response synchronization in areas 17 and 18 of anesthetized cats as a function of central states. These were assessed from the frequency content of the electroencephalogram, low power in the delta and high power in the gamma frequency ranges (here 20-70 Hz) being considered as a signature of activated states. We evaluated both spontaneous state changes and transitions induced by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation. During states of low central activation, visual responses were robust but lacked signs of precise synchronization. At intermediate levels of activation, responses became synchronized and exhibited an oscillatory patterning in the range of 70-105 Hz. At higher levels of activation, a different pattern of response synchronization and oscillatory modulation appeared, oscillation frequency now being in the range of 20-65 Hz. The strength of response synchronization and oscillatory modulation in the 20-65 Hz range increased with further activation and was associated with a decrease in oscillation frequency. We propose that the oscillatory patterning in the 70-105 Hz range is attributable to oscillatory retinothalamic input and that a minimal level of activation is necessary for cortical neurons to follow this oscillatory pattern. In contrast, the synchronization of responses at oscillation frequencies in the 20-65 Hz range appears to result from intracortical synchronizing mechanisms, which become progressively more effective as central activation increases. Surprisingly, enhanced synchronization and oscillatory modulation in the gamma frequency range were not associated with consistent increases in response amplitude, excluding a simple relation between central activation and neuronal discharge rate. The fact that intracortical synchronizing mechanisms are particularly effective during states of central activation supports the hypothesis that precise synchronization of responses plays a role in sensory processing.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Adult age differences are frequently observed in the performance of memory tasks, but the changes in neural function mediating these differences are largely unknown. We used (H2)15O positron emission tomography (PET) to measure changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during Encoding, Baseline, and Retrieval conditions of a recognition memory task. Twelve young adults (20-29 years) and 12 older adults (62-79 years) participated. During each task condition, participants made a two-choice manual response to each of 64 words. Analyses of the performance data yielded evidence of age-related slowing of encoding and retrieval processes, and an age-related decline in the accuracy of yes/no recognition (d'). The rCBF activation associated with both encoding and retrieval was greater for older adults than for young adults, but this pattern was more clearly evident for memory retrieval. For young adults, rCBF activation during retrieval occurred primarily in right prefrontal cortex, whereas older adults exhibited a more bilateral pattern of prefrontal activation. Regression analyses predicting reaction time in the memory task from regional PET counts confirmed that the neural system mediating memory retrieval is more widely distributed for older adults than for young adults. Both age groups exhibited some decrease in rCBF activation in the second half of the test session, relative to the first half. The practice-related decrease in rCBF activation was more prominent for young adults, suggesting that the older adults' recruitment of additional neural systems reflects a more continual allocation of attention to support task performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Madden
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|