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Lima M, Aloizou AM, Siokas V, Bakirtzis C, Liampas I, Tsouris Z, Bogdanos DP, Baloyannis SJ, Dardiotis E. Coronaviruses and their relationship with multiple sclerosis: is the prevalence of multiple sclerosis going to increase after the Covid-19 pandemia? Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:703-720. [PMID: 35258237 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to examine whether there is a possible (etiological/triggering) relationship between infection with various Coronaviruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemia, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and whether an increase of the prevalence of MS after the current Covid-19 pandemia should be expected, examining new and preexisting data. Although the exact pathogenesis of MS remains unknown, environmental agents seem to greatly influence the onset of the disease, with viruses being the most popular candidate. Existing data support this possible etiological relationship between viruses and MS, and experimental studies show that Coronaviruses can actually induce an MS-like demyelinating disease in animal models. Findings in MS patients could also be compatible with this coronaviral MS hypothesis. More importantly, current data from the Covid-19 pandemia show that SARS-CoV-2 can trigger autoimmunity and possibly induce autoimmune diseases, in the Central Nervous System as well, strengthening the viral hypothesis of MS. If we accept that Coronaviruses can induce MS, it is reasonable to expect an increase in the prevalence of MS after the Covid-19 pandemia. This knowledge is of great importance in order to protect the aging groups that are more vulnerable against autoimmune diseases and MS specifically, and to establish proper vaccination and health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lima
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- B' Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zisis Tsouris
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 40500 Viopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Stavros J Baloyannis
- Research Institute for Alzheimer's disease, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57200 Iraklio Lagkada, Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
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Cervical longitudinally extensive myelitis after vaccination with inactivated virus-based COVID-19 vaccine. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 17:303-305. [PMID: 34849183 PMCID: PMC8614237 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelitis, including longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LTEM), is reported in more than forty patients after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among COVID-19 vaccines, only Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (AZD1222) has been associated with few cases of myelitis (1 LTEM). We report the first case of myelitis/LTEM after BBIBP-CorV/Sinopharm vaccine, interestingly presented as a hemicord syndrome. A 71-year-old male presented with left-side diplegia, right-side hemihyposthesis with facial sparing and impaired position sensation in left foot after vaccination with BBIBP-CorV. MRI revealed a longitudinal signal in left cervical hemicord. This is the first reported myelitis and LTEM with COVID-19 vaccines other than AZD1222.
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Martinot M, Eyriey M, Gravier S, Bonijoly T, Kayser D, Ion C, Mohseni-Zadeh M, Camara S, Dubois J, Haerrel E, Drouaine J, Kaiser J, Ongagna JC, Schieber-Pachart A, Kempf C. Predictors of mortality, ICU hospitalization, and extrapulmonary complications in COVID-19 patients. Infect Dis Now 2021; 51:518-525. [PMID: 34242842 PMCID: PMC8260549 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in Northeastern France in spring 2020. This single-center retrospective observational cohort study aimed to compare patients with severe COVID-19 and those with non-severe COVID-19 (survivors vs. non-survivors, ICU patients vs. non-ICU patients) and to describe extrapulmonary complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to Colmar Hospital in March 2020. RESULTS We examined 600 patients (median age 71.09 years; median body mass index: 26.9 kg/m2); 57.7% were males, 86.3% had at least one comorbidity, 153 (25.5%) required ICU hospitalization, and 115 (19.1%) died. Baseline independent factors associated with death were older age (>75 vs. ≤75 years), male sex, oxygen supply, chronic neurological, renal, and pulmonary diseases, diabetes, cancer, low platelet and hemoglobin counts, and high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum creatinine. Factors associated with ICU hospitalization were age <75 years, oxygen supply, chronic pulmonary disease, absence of dementia, and high levels of CRP, hemoglobin, and serum creatinine. Among the 600 patients, 80 (13.3%) had an acute renal injury, 33 (5.5%) had a cardiovascular event, 27 (4.5%) had an acute liver injury, 24 (4%) had venous thromboembolism, eight (1.3%) had a neurological event, five (0.8%) had rhabdomyolysis, and one had acute pancreatitis. Most extrapulmonary complications occurred in ICU patients. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the main risk factors for ICU hospitalization and death caused by severe COVID-19 and the frequency of numerous extrapulmonary complications in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinot
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpitaux Civils, 39, avenue de la liberté, 68024 Colmar, France.
| | - M Eyriey
- Clinical Research Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - S Gravier
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpitaux Civils, 39, avenue de la liberté, 68024 Colmar, France
| | - T Bonijoly
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpitaux Civils, 39, avenue de la liberté, 68024 Colmar, France
| | - D Kayser
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpitaux Civils, 39, avenue de la liberté, 68024 Colmar, France
| | - C Ion
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpitaux Civils, 39, avenue de la liberté, 68024 Colmar, France
| | - M Mohseni-Zadeh
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpitaux Civils, 39, avenue de la liberté, 68024 Colmar, France
| | - S Camara
- Clinical Research Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - J Dubois
- Clinical Research Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - E Haerrel
- Clinical Research Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - J Drouaine
- Clinical Research Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - J Kaiser
- Clinical Research Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France; Pharmacy Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - J C Ongagna
- Clinical Research Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | | | - C Kempf
- Clinical Research Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
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