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Vouros A, Gehring TV, Jura B, Węsierska MJ, Wójcik DK, Vasilaki E. Strategies discovery in the active allothetic place avoidance task. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12675. [PMID: 35879365 PMCID: PMC9314408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Active Allothetic Place Avoidance task is an alternative setup to Morris Water Maze that allows studying spatial memory in a dynamic world in the presence of conflicting information. In this task, a rat, freely moving on a rotating circular arena, has to avoid a sector defined within the room frame where shocks are presented. While for Morris Water Maze several studies have identified animal strategies which specifically affect performance, there were no such studies for the Active Allothetic Place Avoidance task. Using standard machine learning methods, we were able to reveal for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, explainable strategies that the animals employ in this task and demonstrate that they can provide a high-level interpretation for performance differences between an animal group treated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avgoustinos Vouros
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK
| | - Tiago V Gehring
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK
| | - Bartosz Jura
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata J Węsierska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Daniel K Wójcik
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland. .,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK. .,Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Dziendzikowska K, Węsierska M, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Wilczak J, Oczkowski M, Męczyńska-Wielgosz S, Kruszewski M. Silver Nanoparticles Impair Cognitive Functions and Modify the Hippocampal Level of Neurotransmitters in a Coating-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12706. [PMID: 34884506 PMCID: PMC8657429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their potent antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industry and medicine. However, they can cross the brain-blood barrier, posing a risk to the brain and its functions. In our previous study, we demonstrated that oral administration of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated AgNPs caused an impairment in spatial memory in a dose-independent manner. In this study, we evaluated the effects of AgNPs coating material on cognition, spatial memory functioning, and neurotransmitter levels in rat hippocampus. AgNPs coated with BSA (AgNPs(BSA)), polyethylene glycol (AgNPs(PEG)), or citrate (AgNPs(Cit)) or silver ions (Ag+) were orally administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg b.w. to male Wistar rats for a period of 28 days, while the control (Ctrl) rats received 0.2 mL of water. The acquisition and maintenance of spatial memory related to place avoidance were assessed using the active allothetic place avoidance task, in which rats from AgNPs(BSA), AgNPs(PEG), and Ag+ groups performed worse than the Ctrl rats. In the retrieval test assessing long-term memory, only rats from AgNPs(Cit) and Ctrl groups showed memory maintenance. The analysis of neurotransmitter levels indicated that the ratio between serotonin and dopamine concentration was disturbed in the AgNPs(BSA) rats. Furthermore, treatment with AgNPs or Ag+ resulted in the induction of peripheral inflammation, which was reflected by the alterations in the levels of serum inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, depending on the coating material used for their stabilization, AgNPs induced changes in memory functioning and concentration of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Chair of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.-O.); (M.O.)
| | - Małgorzata Węsierska
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Chair of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.-O.); (M.O.)
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Oczkowski
- Chair of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.-O.); (M.O.)
| | - Sylwia Męczyńska-Wielgosz
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (S.M.-W.); (M.K.)
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (S.M.-W.); (M.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Vales K, Holubova K. Minireview: Animal model of schizophrenia from the perspective of behavioral pharmacology: Effect of treatment on cognitive functions. Neurosci Lett 2021; 761:136098. [PMID: 34224793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Whereas positive symptoms are satisfactorily addressed by current antipsychotic treatment, negative and cognitive symptomatic treatment remains largely ineffective. This review investigates the treatment efficacy regarding cognitive symptoms and evaluates the contribution of different monoamine receptor systems involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology to cognition. In the review, we included preclinical studies assessing the effect of different treatments on cognition in pre-pulse inhibition and two spatial cognitive tests. While pre-pulse inhibition investigates pre-attentive processes operating outside of conscious awareness, the spatial tasks require continuous attention and active engagement in task solving for a successful outcome. The schizophrenia-like phenotype was attained by acute or subchronic administration of non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vales
- The National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Holubova
- The National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
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4
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Nabinger DD, Altenhofen S, Peixoto JV, da Silva JMK, Gerlai R, Bonan CD. Feeding status alters exploratory and anxiety-like behaviors in zebrafish larvae exposed to quinpirole. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110179. [PMID: 33212194 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The dysfunction of dopaminergic signaling is associated with several neurological disorders. The use of pharmacological agents that interact with this signaling system may be employed to understand mechanisms underlying such disorders. Nutritional status can impact dopamine reuptake, receptor affinity, transporter activity, and the effects of drugs that bind to dopamine receptors or interact with dopaminergic system. Here we evaluated the effects of quinpirole (a dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist) exposure on fed and non-fed zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish larvae (6 days post-fertilization, dpf) were exposed to quinpirole (5.5, 16.7, and 50.0 μM) or water (control group) for one hour. To evaluate the effect of feeding status on quinpirole exposure, the experiments were performed on fed and non-fed animals, a between subject experimental design. Both fed and non-fed quinpirole treated larvae exhibited increased erratic movements compared to controls in an open tank exploration task. No alterations were observed on the main parameters of exploratory behavior and swim activity for non-fed larvae treated with quinpirole compared to controls. However, fed animals exposed to quinpirole exhibited increased locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and repetitive circular movements when compared to controls and non-fed exposed animals. In addition, we observed quinpirole exposure to have no effects on morphological parameters and heartbeat, but to impair optomotor responses in both fed and non-fed larvae compared to control. We also found quinpirole effects to interact with feeding status, as quinpirole-treated fed larvae improved while quinpirole treated non-fed larvae impaired their avoidance reaction towards an aversive stimulus. These results indicate that the behavioral effects of quinpirole exposure depended upon feeding status. They showed that consumption of food, a naturally rewarding stimulus known to engage the dopaminergic system, made this neurotransmitter system more susceptible to quinpirole's effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Dreher Nabinger
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlia Vasconcellos Peixoto
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria Kuhl da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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5
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The Distinct Functions of Dopaminergic Receptors on Pain Modulation: A Narrative Review. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6682275. [PMID: 33688340 PMCID: PMC7920737 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is considered an economic burden on society as it often results in disability, job loss, and early retirement. Opioids are the most common analgesics prescribed for the management of moderate to severe pain. However, chronic exposure to these drugs can result in opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. On pain modulation strategies, exploiting the multitarget drugs with the ability of the superadditive or synergistic interactions attracts more attention. In the present report, we have reviewed the analgesic effects of different dopamine receptors, particularly D1 and D2 receptors, in different regions of the central nervous system, including the spinal cord, striatum, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and periaqueductal gray (PAG). According to the evidence, these regions are not only involved in pain modulation but also express a high density of DA receptors. The findings can be categorized as follows: (1) D2-like receptors may exert a higher analgesic potency, but D1-like receptors act in different manners across several mechanisms in the mentioned regions; (2) in the spinal cord and striatum, antinociception of DA is mainly mediated by D2-like receptors, while in the NAc and PAG, both D1- and D2-like receptors are involved as analgesic targets; and (3) D2-like receptor agonists can act as adjuvants of μ-opioid receptor agonists to potentiate analgesic effects and provide a better approach to pain relief.
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Tomášková A, Šlamberová R, Černá M. Influence of Prenatal Methamphetamine Abuse on the Brain. EPIGENOMES 2020; 4:14. [PMID: 34968287 PMCID: PMC8594709 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes4030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant, has become a serious problem in recent years. It is one of the most widely abused psychostimulants in the world. In the Czech Republic, ecstasy is the most commonly used non-cannabis drug, followed by hallucinogenic fungi, LSD, MA, cocaine, and finally heroin. The prevalence of the usage of all addictive substances is highest in the age category of 15-34. Approximately 17.2% of registered drug addicts, both male and female, in the Czech Republic use MA as their first-choice drug. This group consists mostly of women who are unemployed and addicted to MA (85%). Almost half of the addicted women switched to MA from other drugs in the course of pregnancy. Psychostimulants such as amphetamine and its synthetic derivate MA induce feelings of calm and happiness by suppressing anxiety and depression. When MA is abused for longer periods, it mimics symptoms of mania and can lead to the development of psychosis. MA is often abused for its anorectic effect, its simple preparation, and compared to heroin and cocaine, its low price. There are significant differences in the susceptibility of users to the stimulant, with reactions to MA fluctuating from person to person. Molecular mechanisms related to the variable response among users might represent an explanation for increased addiction-associated bipolar disorder and psychosis. Currently, there is limited information regarding genetic mechanisms linked to these disorders and the transmission of drug addiction. As such, animal models of drug addiction represent significant sources of information and assets in the research of these issues. The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanism of action of methamphetamine and its effect on pregnant addicted women and their children, including a detailed description of the anatomical structures involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Tomášková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Romana Šlamberová
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Marie Černá
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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7
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Brozka H, Pistikova A, Radostova D, Vales K, Svoboda J, Grzyb AN, Stuchlik A. Adult neurogenesis reduction by a cytostatic treatment improves spatial reversal learning in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 141:93-100. [PMID: 28359853 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus adds a substantial number of new functional neurons to the hippocampus network in rodents. To date, however, the function of these new granule cells remains unclear. We conducted an experiment to assess the contribution of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus to acquisition and reversal learning in a task that predominantly requires generalization of a rule. Young adult male Long-Evans rats were repeatedly administered either a cytostatic temozolomide or saline for a period of four weeks (3 injections per week). Post treatment, animals were injected with bromodeoxyuridine to quantify adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. For behavioral assessment we used hippocampus-dependent active place avoidance with reversal in a Carousel maze. Animals first learned to avoid a 60° sector on the rotating arena. Afterwards, sector was relocated to the opposite side of the rotating arena (reversal). The administration of temozolomide significantly improved the reversal performance compared to saline-treated rats. Our results suggest a significant, level-dependent, improvement of reversal learning in animals with reduced adult neurogenesis in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brozka
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Adela Pistikova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominika Radostova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna N Grzyb
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany; CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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8
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Petrasek T, Skurlova M, Maleninska K, Vojtechova I, Kristofikova Z, Matuskova H, Sirova J, Vales K, Ripova D, Stuchlik A. A Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Abeta42 and Pro-oxidative Substances Exhibits Cognitive Deficit and Alterations in Glutamatergic and Cholinergic Neurotransmitter Systems. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:83. [PMID: 27148049 PMCID: PMC4837344 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most serious human, medical, and socioeconomic burdens. Here we tested the hypothesis that a rat model of AD (Samaritan; Taconic Pharmaceuticals, USA) based on the application of amyloid beta42 (Abeta42) and the pro-oxidative substances ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and L-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine, will exhibit cognitive deficits and disruption of the glutamatergic and cholinergic systems in the brain. Behavioral methods included the Morris water maze (MWM; long-term memory version) and the active allothetic place avoidance (AAPA) task (acquisition and reversal), testing spatial memory and different aspects of hippocampal function. Neurochemical methods included testing of the NR1/NR2A/NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors in the frontal cortex and CHT1 transporters in the hippocampus, in both cases in the right and left hemisphere separately. Our results show that Samaritan rats(™) exhibit marked impairment in both the MWM and active place avoidance tasks, suggesting a deficit of spatial learning and memory. Moreover, Samaritan rats exhibited significant changes in NR2A expression and CHT1 activity compared to controls rats, mimicking the situation in patients with early stage AD. Taken together, our results corroborate the hypothesis that Samaritan rats are a promising model of AD in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Petrasek
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental HealthKlecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Skurlova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Maleninska
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Vojtechova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hana Matuskova
- National Institute of Mental Health Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sirova
- National Institute of Mental Health Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Ripova
- National Institute of Mental Health Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
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Dourado M, Cardoso-Cruz H, Monteiro C, Galhardo V. Effect of Motor Impairment on Analgesic Efficacy of Dopamine D2/3 Receptors in a Rat Model of Neuropathy. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:51-7. [PMID: 27081316 PMCID: PMC4824324 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s36492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Testing the clinical efficacy of drugs that also have important side effects on locomotion needs to be properly designed in order to avoid erroneous identification of positive effects when the evaluation depends on motor-related tests. One such example is the evaluation of analgesic role of drugs that act on dopaminergic receptors, since the pain perception tests used in animal models are based on motor responses that can also be compromised by the same substances. The apparent analgesic effect obtained by modulation of the dopaminergic system is still a highly disputed topic. There is a lack of acceptance of this effect in both preclinical and clinical settings, despite several studies showing that D2/3 agonists induce antinociception. Some authors raised the hypothesis that this antinociceptive effect is enhanced by dopamine-related changes in voluntary initiation of movement. However, the extent to which D2/3 modulation changes locomotion at analgesic effective doses is still an unresolved question. In the present work, we performed a detailed dose-dependent analysis of the changes that D2/3 systemic modulation have on voluntary locomotor activity and response to four separate tests of both thermal and mechanical pain sensitivity in adult rats. Using systemic administration of the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist quinpirole, and of the D2/3 antagonist raclopride, we found that modulation of D2/3 receptors impairs locomotion and exploratory activity in a dose-dependent manner across the entire range of tested dosages. None of the drugs were able to consistently diminish either thermal or mechanical pain perception when administered at lower concentrations; on the other hand, the larger concentrations of raclopride (0.5–1.0 mg/kg) strongly abolished pain responses, and also caused severe motor impairment. Our results show that administration of both agonists and antagonists of dopaminergic D2/3 receptors affects sensorimotor behaviors, with the effect over locomotion and exploratory activity being stronger than the observed effect over pain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Dourado
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Cardoso-Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Monteiro
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vasco Galhardo
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Somatosensitivo, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Bahník Š, Stuchlík A. Temporal and spatial strategies in an active place avoidance task on Carousel: a study of effects of stability of arena rotation speed in rats. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1257. [PMID: 26417540 PMCID: PMC4582953 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The active place avoidance task is a dry-arena task used to assess spatial navigation and memory in rodents. In this task, a subject is put on a rotating circular arena and avoids an invisible sector that is stable in relation to the room. Rotation of the arena means that the subject’s avoidance must be active, otherwise the subject will be moved in the to-be-avoided sector by the rotation of the arena and a slight electric shock will be administered. The present experiment explored the effect of variable arena rotation speed on the ability to avoid the to-be-avoided sector. Subjects in a group with variable arena rotation speed learned to avoid the sector with the same speed and attained the same avoidance ability as rats in a group with a stable arena rotation speed. Only a slight difference in preferred position within the room was found between the two groups. No difference was found between the two groups in the dark phase, where subjects could not use orientation cues in the room. Only one rat was able to learn the avoidance of the to-be-avoided sector in this phase. The results of the experiment suggest that idiothetic orientation and interval timing are not crucial for learning avoidance of the to-be-avoided sector. However, idiothetic orientation might be sufficient for avoiding the sector in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Bahník
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Aleš Stuchlík
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
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11
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Smith LN, Bachus SE, McDonald CG, Smith RF. Role of the D3 dopamine receptor in nicotine sensitization. Behav Brain Res 2015; 289:92-104. [PMID: 25907750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent cigarette use is associated with reduced quitting success and continued smoking in adulthood. Interestingly, polymorphisms of the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) gene have been associated with smoking behavior, and the receptor is expressed in an age- and brain region-dependent manner that suggests relevance to addiction. Here, we investigate the possible role of dopamine-related receptors, including DRD3 and an intriguing splice variant known as D3nf, in nicotine-induced sensitization. In adolescent and adult male rats, we examined (1) alterations occurring in dopamine receptor-related mRNAs (DRD1, DRD2, DRD3 and D3nf) at two time points during a sensitizing regimen of nicotine and (2) whether DRD3 antagonism either during the initial treatment (induction) or at a later challenge exposure (expression) is able to block nicotine sensitization. Nicotine-induced changes were seen for DRD3 and D3nf mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens shell early in repeated exposure in both age groups. DRD3 antagonism only blocked the induction of sensitization in adolescents and did not block the expression of sensitization in either age group. Adolescents and adults showed opposite DRD1 mRNA responses to nicotine treatment, while no age- and nicotine-related changes in DRD2 mRNA were observed. These data reveal important age-dependent regulation of DRD1- and DRD3-related mRNAs during the course of nicotine exposure. Furthermore, they highlight a requirement for DRD3 signaling in the development of adolescent nicotine sensitization, suggesting it may represent an appropriate target in the prevention of nicotine dependence initiated at this age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Smith
- George Mason University, Department of Psychology, MSN 3F5, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Susan E Bachus
- George Mason University, Department of Psychology, MSN 3F5, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Craig G McDonald
- George Mason University, Department of Psychology, MSN 3F5, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Robert F Smith
- George Mason University, Department of Psychology, MSN 3F5, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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12
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Motivational assessment of mice using the touchscreen operant testing system: effects of dopaminergic drugs. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4043-57. [PMID: 26156636 PMCID: PMC4600476 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Touchscreens are widely used to examine rodent cognition. Current paradigms require animals to view stimuli and nose poke at an appropriate touchscreen location. After responding, there is little screen interaction and, as infra-red touchscreens eliminate the need for physical contact, minimal somatosensory feedback. It is therefore unclear if touchscreens can support the vigorous, repetitive responding required in paradigms like progressive ratio (PR) for assessing motivation and effort-related choice (ERC) for assessing decision-making. OBJECTIVES This study aims to adapt and validate PR and ERC for the rodent touchscreen. METHODS Male C57Bl/6 mice were trained until responding on PR stabilised. Amphetamine, sulpiride and raclopride were administered via the intraperitoneal route to modify performance. Mice were transferred to ERC and paradigm parameters adjusted to demonstrate behavioural modification. ERC reward preference was assessed by home cage choice analysis. RESULTS PR performance stabilised within seven sessions. Amphetamine (1 mg/kg) increased and raclopride (0.3 mg/kg) decreased performance by 63 and 28 %, respectively, with a 20-min injection-test interval. Sulpiride (50 mg/kg) decreased performance by 19 % following a 40-min injection-test interval. Increasing ERC operant requirements shifted responding from the operant response-dependent preferred reward towards the freely available alternative. CONCLUSIONS Vigorous, repetitive responding is sustainable in touchscreen PR and ERC and task validation mirrors non-touchscreen versions. Thus, motivation and reward-related decision-making can be measured directly with touchscreens and can be evaluated prior to cognitive testing in the same apparatus to avoid confounding by motivational factors.
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Lobellová V, Brichtová E, Petrásek T, Valeš K, Stuchlík A. Higher doses of (+)MK-801 (dizocilpine) induced mortality and procedural but not cognitive deficits in delayed testing in the active place avoidance with reversal on the Carousel. Physiol Res 2014; 64:269-75. [PMID: 25317686 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder affecting 1 % of the world's population. An important role in the study of this disease is played by animal models. Since there is evidence that acute psychotic episodes can have consequences on later cognitive functioning, the present study has investigated the effects of a single systemic application of higher doses of (+)MK-801 (3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) to adult male Long-Evans rats from the Institute's breeding colony on delayed testing in the active place avoidance task with reversal on the Carousel (a rotating arena). Besides significant mortality due to the injections, a disruption of procedural functions in active place avoidance, after the dose 5 mg/kg was observed. It was concluded that Long-Evans rats from our breeding colony do not represent a suitable biomodel for studying the effects of single high-dose NMDA antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lobellová
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.
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14
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Stuchlík A, Petrásek T, Prokopová I, Holubová K, Hatalová H, Valeš K, Kubík S, Dockery C, Wesierska M. Place avoidance tasks as tools in the behavioral neuroscience of learning and memory. Physiol Res 2014; 62:S1-S19. [PMID: 24329689 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial navigation comprises a widely-studied complex of animal behaviors. Its study offers many methodological advantages over other approaches, enabling assessment of a variety of experimental questions and the possibility to compare the results across different species. Spatial navigation in laboratory animals is often considered a model of higher human cognitive functions including declarative memory. Almost fifteen years ago, a novel dry-arena task for rodents was designed in our laboratory, originally named the place avoidance task, and later a modification of this approach was established and called active place avoidance task. It employs a continuously rotating arena, upon which animals are trained to avoid a stable sector defined according to room-frame coordinates. This review describes the development of the place avoidance tasks, evaluates the cognitive processes associated with performance and explores the application of place avoidance in the testing of spatial learning after neuropharmacological, lesion and other experimental manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stuchlík
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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STUCHLIK A, KUBIK S, VLCEK K, VALES K. Spatial Navigation: Implications for Animal Models, Drug Development and Human Studies. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S237-49. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial navigation and memory is considered to be a part of the declarative memory system and it is widely used as an animal model of human declarative memory. However, spatial tests typically involve only static settings, despite the dynamic nature of the real world. Animals, as well as people constantly need to interact with moving objects, other subjects or even with entire moving environments (flowing water, running stairway). Therefore, we design novel spatial tests in dynamic environments to study brain mechanisms of spatial processing in more natural settings with an interdisciplinary approach including neuropharmacology. We also translate data from neuropharmacological studies and animal models into development of novel therapeutic approaches to neuropsychiatric disorders and more sensitive screening tests for impairments of memory, thought, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. STUCHLIK
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Creighton AE, Wilczynski W. Influence of dopamine D2-type receptors on motor behaviors in the green tree frog, Hyla cinerea. Physiol Behav 2014; 127:71-80. [PMID: 24480075 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine modulates a range of behaviors that include motor processes, learning, and incentive motivation. Research supports anatomical conservation of dopaminergic populations in the midbrain across vertebrate species, however, less evidence is available for dopamine receptor distributions. In order to test the behavioral role of dopamine in an anatomically conserved dopaminergic system, the effects of D2-type receptor manipulation on motor behaviors were examined in the anuran amphibian green tree frog, Hyla cinerea. In two different within-subject experiments, frogs were treated with a control treatment, and a high and low dose of either a D2 receptor-specific agonist, quinpirole, or antagonist, haloperidol, then exposed to a testing session to measure changes in swimming and climbing motor behaviors. No treatments resulted in complete immobility or catalepsy, however treatment-specific effects on certain motor behaviors were present. The high quinpirole dose (1mg/kg bw) generally inhibited motor behaviors associated with exiting water and jumping, while both haloperidol treatments (0.12mg/kg bw and 1.2mg/kg bw) generally stimulated motor behaviors associated with exiting water, as predicted based on receptor mechanisms. Performance improvement also appeared in frogs in each experiment, suggesting that the D2 receptor is not involved in the motor learning mechanism in this species. Overall, the results support general conservation of D2 receptors in motor processes in vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Creighton
- Georgia State University, Neuroscience Institute, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States.
| | - Walter Wilczynski
- Georgia State University, Neuroscience Institute, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States.
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17
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Dopamine D2 receptors modulate the expression of contextual conditioned fear: role of the ventral tegmental area and the basolateral amygdala. Behav Pharmacol 2013; 24:264-74. [PMID: 23751519 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32836356c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although dopaminergic systems are more commonly associated with the reinforcing effects of various stimuli, numerous reports have demonstrated a relationship between changes in dopaminergic transmission and aversive situations. In the present study, we examined the involvement of D1-like and D2-like receptors in the expression of conditioned freezing using the context as the conditioned stimulus. Intraperitoneal injections of the D1 agonist SKF38393 or the D1 antagonist SCH23390 did not change the conditioned freezing in rats subjected to the contextual fear paradigm. In contrast, intraperitoneal injections of the D2 agonist quinpirole and the D2 antagonist sulpiride caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in the expression of contextual conditioned freezing. As these data may reflect that the systemic manipulations acted on dopaminergic receptors in different brain areas, the effects of administration of quinpirole and sulpiride into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) on the expression of contextual conditioned freezing were also evaluated. Intra-VTA quinpirole and intra-BLA sulpiride injections reduced the conditioned freezing response; intra-VTA sulpiride and intra-BLA quinpirole injections had no significant effects. These data suggest that D2-like receptors, but not D1-like receptors, play an important role in the expression of contextual conditioned freezing. Quinpirole may act at D2 presynaptic receptors located in the VTA, decreasing dopamine levels in the terminal fields of the mesolimbic pathway. The effects of sulpiride, in contrast, appear to be triggered by an action on postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors located in the BLA. However, it cannot be totally excluded that the injected solutions did not also affect neighboring amygdalar regions. Together with previous findings, the present data suggest the need to consider dopaminergic mechanisms in the mesolimbic circuit as novel targets for the pharmacological treatment of fear-related disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder.
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18
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de Oliveira AR, Reimer AE, Reis FMCV, Brandão ML. Conditioned fear response is modulated by a combined action of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and dopamine activity in the basolateral amygdala. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:379-89. [PMID: 22682777 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to determine the extent to which the combined activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and dopaminergic systems is important for the expression of conditioned fear responses. The first experiment examined changes in plasma corticosterone concentration and the conditioned freezing response in rats treated with the dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (0.25 mg/kg), the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (40 mg/kg), corticosterone (3 or 6 mg/kg), or the corticosterone synthesis blocker metyrapone (30 mg/kg) and subjected to a conditioned fear test. A second experiment assessed the effects of corticosterone (3 or 6 mg/kg) and metyrapone (30 or 60 mg/kg) on fear-potentiated startle. A third experiment assessed the HPA axis modulation of conditioned fear using in vivo microdialysis targeted at dopaminergic neurotransmission in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Quinpirole and sulpiride decreased conditioned freezing but did not affect plasma corticosterone concentration. Corticosterone and metyrapone did not affect fear-potentiated startle, but metyrapone attenuated conditioned freezing, suggesting that the expression of conditioned freezing requires HPA axis activation. Metyrapone inhibited the increase in dopamine levels in the BLA in response to the conditioned stimulus, whereas corticosterone had no significant effect. These results suggest that HPA axis activation is an initial step in an integrated neuroendocrine-neurochemical-behavioral response when the organism evaluates a threat associated with an environmental stimulus and triggers defense reactions to cope with this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Esumi S, Sagara H, Nakamoto A, Kawasaki Y, Gomita Y, Sendo T. Effect of GBR12909 on affective behavior: Distinguishing motivational behavior from antidepressant-like and addiction-like behavior using the runway model of intracranial self-stimulation. Behav Brain Res 2013; 243:313-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Neonatal +-methamphetamine exposure in rats alters adult locomotor responses to dopamine D1 and D2 agonists and to a glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, but not to serotonin agonists. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:377-91. [PMID: 22391043 PMCID: PMC4594858 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to (+)-methamphetamine (Meth) results in long-term behavioural abnormalities but its developmental mechanisms are unknown. In a series of experiments, rats were treated from post-natal days (PD) 11-20 (stage that approximates human development from the second to third trimester) with Meth or saline and assessed using locomotor activity as the readout following pharmacological challenge doses with dopamine, serotonin and glutamate agonists or antagonists during adulthood. Exposure to Meth early in life resulted in an exaggerated adult locomotor hyperactivity response to the dopamine D1 agonist SKF-82958 at multiple doses, a high dose only under-response activating effect of the D2 agonist quinpirole, and an exaggerated under-response to the activating effect of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801. No change in locomotor response was seen following challenge with the 5-HT releaser p-chloroamphetamine or the 5-HT2/3 receptor agonist, quipazine. These are the first data to show that PD 11-20 Meth exposure induces long-lasting alterations to dopamine D1, D2 and glutamate NMDA receptor function and may suggest how developmental Meth exposure leads to many of its long-term adverse effects.
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21
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Prokopova I, Bahnik S, Doulames V, Vales K, Petrasek T, Svoboda J, Stuchlik A. Synergistic effects of dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist sulpiride and β-blocker propranolol on learning in the carousel maze, a dry-land spatial navigation task. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:151-6. [PMID: 22525744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Spatial navigation attracts the attention of neuroscientists as an animal analogue of human declarative memory. The Carousel maze is a dry-land navigational paradigm, which proved to be useful in studying neurobiological substrates of learning. The task involves avoidance of a stable sector on a rotating arena and is highly dependent upon the hippocampus. The present study aims at testing hypothesis that sulpiride (a centrally-active dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist) and propranolol (a beta-blocker) impair spatial learning in the Carousel maze after combined systemic administration. These doses were previously shown to be subthreshold in this task. Results showed that both substances affected behavior and significantly potentiated their negative effects on spatial learning. This suggests central interaction of both types of receptors in influencing acquisition of this dynamic-environment task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Prokopova
- Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Fernandes AR, Easton AC, De Souza Silva MA, Schumann G, Müller CP, Desrivières S. Lentiviral-mediated gene delivery reveals distinct roles of nucleus accumbens dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in novelty- and light-induced locomotor activity. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 35:1344-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jung EY, Shim I. Differential DAergic Control of D1 and D2 Receptor Agonist Over Locomotor Activity and GABA Level in the Striatum. Exp Neurobiol 2011; 20:153-7. [PMID: 22110374 PMCID: PMC3214772 DOI: 10.5607/en.2011.20.3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia, a group of nuclei, are associated with a variety of functions, including motor control. The striatum, which is the major input station of the basal ganglia in the brain, is regulated in part by dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra. The striatum is made up 96% of medium spiny neurons which are GABAergic cells. GABAergic cells are known to contain DA receptors which divide into two main branches- the D1 receptor (D1R)-expressing direct pathway and the D2 receptor (D2R)-expressing indirect pathway. The role of these two efferent pathways has not been clear in control of motor behaviors. To establish the influence of the different DA subtypes on GABAergic systems in the striatum, D1 selective receptor agonist (SKF 38393) and D2 selective receptor agonist (Quinpirole) were administered to mice. SKF 38393 and quinpirole were administered intraperitoneally in a volume of 0, 1, 5, 10 (mg/kg) and motor activity was assessed for 60 min immediately after the injection of DA agonists. Mice were sacrificed after behavioral test and the striatum in the brain were dissected for analysis of GABA level with HPLC. Both SKF 38393 and quinpirole dose-dependently increased locomotor activity but, GABA level in the striatum was clearly different in two agonists. These findings provide insight into the selective contributions of the direct and indirect pathways to striatal GABAergic motor behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Yee Jung
- Department of Basic Oriental Medical Science, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Stuchlik A, Vales K. Baclofen dose-dependently disrupts learning in a place avoidance task requiring cognitive coordination. Physiol Behav 2009; 97:507-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stuchlik A, Petrasek T, Vales K. A dose-response study of the effects of pre-test administration of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol on the learning of active place avoidance, a spatial cognition task, in rats. Behav Brain Res 2009; 200:144-9. [PMID: 19351584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of various neurotransmitter receptors in the brain in the regulation of spatial behavior is a focus of interest for many cognitive neuroscientists. Active allothetic place avoidance (AAPA) task have been demonstrated to require spatial mapping and cognitive coordination and is highly dependent upon hippocampus. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of beta-adrenergic receptors in the modulation of locomotor and spatial behavior in this task. Four doses of centrally active beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (5, 20, 25 and 30 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to testing in the place avoidance task. Four daily sessions were pursued, each lasting 20 min. A dose of 25 mg/kg was found to induce a deficit in spatial behavior (measured by number of entrances into the shock sector) without altering locomotion; lower doses were without effect. The highest dose (30 mg/kg) impaired both locomotion and avoidance behavior. The results suggest that beta-adrenoceptors are involved in the regulation of behavior in the place avoidance task and that it is possible to dissociate the effect of propranolol on the spatial performance and locomotion in the AAPA using dose-selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Dopamine D2 receptors and alpha1-adrenoceptors synergistically modulate locomotion and behavior of rats in a place avoidance task. Behav Brain Res 2008; 189:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stuchlik A, Vales K. Role of alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors in the regulation of locomotion and spatial behavior in the active place avoidance task: A dose–response study. Neurosci Lett 2008; 433:235-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Stuchlik A, Rehakova L, Telensky P, Vales K. Morris water maze learning in Long-Evans rats is differentially affected by blockade of D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors. Neurosci Lett 2007; 422:169-74. [PMID: 17611026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurotransmission is involved in several brain functions including spatial cognition. In the present study we examine the effects of systemic administration of D1-like receptor antagonist SCH23390 and D2-like receptor antagonist sulpiride on the acquisition of the Morris water maze task. We used visible versus hidden platform versions of the MWM in order to distinguish between the effects of the drugs on the procedural versus cognitive aspects of the task. SCH23390 was found to prolong escape latencies to the visible platform at a higher dose (0.05mg/kg), whilst the lower dose (0.02mg/kg) left both procedural and cognitive functions almost unchanged. SCH23390 was also found to reduce swimming speed. Sulpiride did not affect the visible platform learning at any of three doses studied (30, 60 and 100mg/kg); the highest dose of sulpiride (100mg/kg) impaired place navigation to the hidden platform, without affecting the swim speed. The results of the present study show a difference in the involvement of D1-like and D2-like receptors in the MWM acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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