1
|
Yuan L, Wang Y, Li N, Yang X, Sun X, Tian H, Zhang Y. Mechanism of Action and Therapeutic Implications of Nrf2/HO-1 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1012. [PMID: 39199256 PMCID: PMC11351392 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13081012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a key factor in the generation of various pathophysiological conditions. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major transcriptional regulator of antioxidant reactions. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a gene regulated by Nrf2, is one of the most critical cytoprotective molecules. In recent years, Nrf2/HO-1 has received widespread attention as a major regulatory pathway for intracellular defense against oxidative stress. It is considered as a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review highlights the mechanism of action and therapeutic significance of Nrf2/HO-1 in IBD and IBD complications (intestinal fibrosis and colorectal cancer (CRC)), as well as the potential of phytochemicals targeting Nrf2/HO-1 in the treatment of IBD. The results suggest that the therapeutic effects of Nrf2/HO-1 on IBD mainly involve the following aspects: (1) Controlling of oxidative stress to reduce intestinal inflammation and injury; (2) Regulation of intestinal flora to repair the intestinal mucosal barrier; and (3) Prevention of ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. However, due to the complex role of Nrf2/HO-1, a more nuanced understanding of the exact mechanisms involved in Nrf2/HO-1 is the way forward for the treatment of IBD in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; (L.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (H.T.)
| | - Yingyi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; (L.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (H.T.)
| | - Na Li
- Department of Infection, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
| | - Xuli Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; (L.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (H.T.)
| | - Xuhui Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; (L.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (H.T.)
| | - Huai’e Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; (L.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (H.T.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; (L.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (H.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu Y, Kusuyama J, Osana S, Matsuhashi S, Li L, Takada H, Inada H, Nagatomi R. Lactate promotes neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells by lactate-responsive gene sets through NDRG3-dependent and -independent manners. J Biol Chem 2023:104802. [PMID: 37172727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate serves as the major glucose alternative to an energy substrate in the brain. Lactate level is increased in the fetal brain from the middle stage of gestation, indicating the involvement of lactate in brain development and neuronal differentiation. Recent reports show that lactate functions as a signaling molecule to regulate gene expression and protein stability. However, the roles of lactate signaling in neuronal cells remain unknown. Here, we showed that lactate promotes the all stages of neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y and Neuro2A, human and mouse neuroblastoma cell lines, characterized by increased neuronal marker expression and the rates of neurites extension. Transcriptomics revealed many lactate-responsive genes sets such as SPARCL1 in SH-SY5Y, Neuro2A, and primary embryonic mouse neuronal cells. The effects of lactate on neuronal function were mainly mediated through monocarboxylate transporters 1 (MCT1). We found that NDRG family member 3 (NDRG3), a lactate-binding protein, was highly expressed and stabilized by lactate treatment during neuronal differentiation. Combinative RNA-seq of SH-SY5Y with lactate treatment and NDRG3 knockdown shows that the promotive effects of lactate on neural differentiation are regulated through NDRG3-dependent and independent manners. Moreover, we identified TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1) and ETS-related transcription factor 4 (ELF4) are the specific transcription factors that are regulated by both lactate and NDRG3 in neuronal differentiation. TEAD1 and ELF4 differently affect the expression of neuronal marker genes in SH-SY5Y cells. These results highlight the biological roles of extracellular and intracellular lactate as a critical signaling molecule that modifies neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xu
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Joji Kusuyama
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Department of Biosignals and Inheritance, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shion Osana
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications
| | - Satayuki Matsuhashi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frangiamone M, Alonso-Garrido M, Font G, Cimbalo A, Manyes L. Pumpkin extract and fermented whey individually and in combination alleviated AFB1- and OTA-induced alterations on neuronal differentiation invitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113011. [PMID: 35447289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food and feed are daily exposed to mycotoxin contamination which effects may be counteracted by functional compounds like carotenoids and fermented whey. Among mycotoxins, the most toxic and studied are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), which neurotoxicity is not well reported. Therefore, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells ongoing differentiation were exposed during 7 days to digested bread extracts contained pumpkin and fermented whey, individually and in combination, along with AFB1 and OTA and their combination, in order to evaluate their presumed effects on neuronal differentiation. The immunofluorescence analysis of βIII-tubulin and dopamine markers pointed to OTA as the most damaging treatment for cell differentiation. Cell cycle analysis reported the highest significant differences for OTA-contained bread compared to the control in phase G0/G1. Lastly, RNA extraction was performed and gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. The selected genes were related to neuronal differentiation and cell cycle. The addition of functional ingredients in breads not only enhancing the expression of neuronal markers, but also induced an overall improvement of gene expression compromised by mycotoxins activity. These data confirm that in vitro neuronal differentiation may be impaired by AFB1 and OTA-exposure, which could be modulated by bioactive compounds naturally found in diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Frangiamone
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Manuel Alonso-Garrido
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermina Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alessandra Cimbalo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Lara Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meier S, Alfonsi F, Kurniawan ND, Milne MR, Kasherman MA, Delogu A, Piper M, Coulson EJ. The p75 neurotrophin receptor is required for the survival of neuronal progenitors and normal formation of the basal forebrain, striatum, thalamus and neocortex. Development 2019; 146:dev.181933. [PMID: 31488566 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During development, the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is widely expressed in the nervous system where it regulates neuronal differentiation, migration and axonal outgrowth. p75NTR also mediates the survival and death of newly born neurons, with functional outcomes being dependent on both timing and cellular context. Here, we show that knockout of p75NTR from embryonic day 10 (E10) in neural progenitors using a conditional Nestin-Cre p75NTR floxed mouse causes increased apoptosis of progenitor cells. By E14.5, the number of Tbr2-positive progenitor cells was significantly reduced and the rate of neurogenesis was halved. Furthermore, in adult knockout mice, there were fewer cortical pyramidal neurons, interneurons, cholinergic basal forebrain neurons and striatal neurons, corresponding to a relative reduction in volume of these structures. Thalamic midline fusion during early postnatal development was also impaired in Nestin-Cre p75NTR floxed mice, indicating a novel role for p75NTR in the formation of this structure. The phenotype of this strain demonstrates that p75NTR regulates multiple aspects of brain development, including cortical progenitor cell survival, and that expression during early neurogenesis is required for appropriate formation of telencephalic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Meier
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabienne Alfonsi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nyoman D Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael R Milne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria A Kasherman
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 4122 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Michael Piper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Coulson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia .,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang L, Chen M, Zhang W, Sun X, Liu B, Ge J. Retinoid acid and taurine promote NeuroD1-induced differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into retinal ganglion cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 438:67-76. [PMID: 28766169 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types including retinal neurons. Despite substantial progress in the transcriptional regulation of iPSC differentiation process, the efficiency of generation of retinal neurons from iPSCs is still low. In this study, we investigated the role of transcription factor NeuroD1 in the differentiation of iPSCs into retinal neurons. We observed that retrovirus-mediated NeuroD1 overexpression in iPSCs increased the efficiency of neuronal differentiation. Immunostaining analysis showed that NeuroD1 overexpression increased the expression of retina ganglion cell markers including Islet-1, Math5, Brn3b, and Thy1.2. Retinoid acid (RA) and taurine further improved the differentiation efficiency of iPSCs overexpressing NeuroD1. However, RA and taurine did not promote differentiation in the absence of NeuroD1 overexpression. Together, our study provides new evidence in transcription factor-regulated stem cell differentiation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Head&Neck Surgery Department of Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, Sir Runrun Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 325200, China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- Institute of Aging Research, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmologic Center, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmologic Center, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin XY, Lai BQ, Zeng X, Che MT, Ling EA, Wu W, Zeng YS. Cell Transplantation and Neuroengineering Approach for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment: A Summary of Current Laboratory Findings and Review of Literature. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1425-38. [DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause severe traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Current therapeutic effects achieved for SCI in clinical medicine show that there is still a long way to go to reach the desired goal of full or significant functional recovery. In basic medical research, however, cell transplantation, gene therapy, application of cytokines, and biomaterial scaffolds have been widely used and investigated as treatments for SCI. All of these strategies when used separately would help rebuild, to some extent, the neural circuits in the lesion area of the spinal cord. In light of this, it is generally accepted that a combined treatment may be a more effective strategy. This review focuses primarily on our recent series of work on transplantation of Schwann cells and adult stem cells, and transplantation of stem cell-derived neural network scaffolds with functional synapses. Arising from this, an artificial neural network (an exogenous neuronal relay) has been designed and fabricated by us—a biomaterial scaffold implanted with Schwann cells modified by the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) gene and adult stem cells modified with the TrkC (receptor of NT-3) gene. More importantly, experimental evidence suggests that the novel artificial network can integrate with the host tissue and serve as an exogenous neuronal relay for signal transfer and functional improvement of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bi-Qin Lai
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Tian Che
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wutian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Jinan University–Hong Kong University Joint Laboratory, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
In vitro characteristics of Valproic acid and all-trans-retinoic acid and their combined use in promoting neuronal differentiation while suppressing astrocytic differentiation in neural stem cells. Brain Res 2015; 1596:31-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
8
|
Electro-Acupuncture Promotes the Survival and Differentiation of Transplanted Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Pre-Induced with Neurotrophin-3 and Retinoic Acid in Gelatin Sponge Scaffold after Rat Spinal Cord Transection. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:612-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
9
|
Neirinckx V, Coste C, Rogister B, Wislet-Gendebien S. Concise review: adult mesenchymal stem cells, adult neural crest stem cells, and therapy of neurological pathologies: a state of play. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:284-96. [PMID: 23486833 PMCID: PMC3659839 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are endowed with in vitro multilineage differentiation abilities and constitute an attractive autologous source of material for cell therapy in neurological disorders. With regard to lately published results, the ability of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) to integrate and differentiate into neurons once inside the central nervous system (CNS) is currently questioned. For this review, we collected exhaustive data on MSC/NCSC neural differentiation in vitro. We then analyzed preclinical cell therapy experiments in different models for neurological diseases and concluded that neural differentiation is probably not the leading property of adult MSCs and NCSCs concerning neurological pathology management. A fine analysis of the molecules that are secreted by MSCs and NCSCs would definitely be of significant interest regarding their important contribution to the clinical and pathological recovery after CNS lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernard Rogister
- Neurosciences Unit and
- Development, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Teng YD, Yu D, Ropper AE, Li J, Kabatas S, Wakeman DR, Wang J, Sullivan MP, Redmond DE, Langer R, Snyder EY, Sidman RL. Functional multipotency of stem cells: a conceptual review of neurotrophic factor-based evidence and its role in translational research. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 9:574-85. [PMID: 22654717 PMCID: PMC3263453 DOI: 10.2174/157015911798376299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We here propose an updated concept of stem cells (SCs), with an emphasis on neural stem cells (NSCs). The conventional view, which has touched principally on the essential property of lineage multipotency (e.g., the ability of NSCs to differentiate into all neural cells), should be broadened to include the emerging recognition of biofunctional multipotency of SCs to mediate systemic homeostasis, evidenced in NSCs in particular by the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Under this new conceptual context and taking the NSC as a leading example, one may begin to appreciate and seek the “logic” behind the wide range of molecular tactics the NSC appears to serve at successive developmental stages as it integrates into and prepares, modifies, and guides the surrounding CNS micro- and macro-environment towards the formation and self-maintenance of a functioning adult nervous system. We suggest that embracing this view of the “multipotency” of the SCs is pivotal for correctly, efficiently, and optimally exploiting stem cell biology for therapeutic applications, including reconstitution of a dysfunctional CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang D Teng
- Division of SCI Research, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evaluation of the multipotent character of human foreskin-derived precursor cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|