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Shi L, Yu XT, Li H, Wu GS, Luo HR. D-chiro-inositol increases antioxidant capacity and longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans via activating Nrf-2/SKN-1 and FOXO/DAF-16. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112145. [PMID: 36921677 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of inositol, abundant in many foods, such as beans and buckwheat, with insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. DCI has been used to relieve insulin resistance in diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome in combination with inositol or D-pinitol. Here, we investigated the effect of DCI on aging and stress resistance in C. elegans. We found that DCI could prolong the lifespan of C. elegans by up to 29.6 %. DCI significantly delayed the onset of neurodegenerative diseases in models of C. elegans. DCI decreased the accumulation of Aβ1-42, alpha-synuclein, and poly-glutamine, the pathological causes of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, respectively. DCI significantly increased the stress resistances against pathogens, oxidants and heat shock. Moreover, D-chiro-inositol reduced the content of ROS and malondialdehyde by increasing the total antioxidant capacity and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Above effects of DCI requires the transcription factors FOXO/DAF-16 and Nrf-2/SKN-1. DCI also increased the expression of downstream genes regulated by FOXO/DAF-16 and Nrf-2/SKN-1. In conclusion, DCI enhanced the antioxidant capacity and healthy lifespan of C. elegans by activating DAF-16, SKN-1, and HSF-1. Our results showed that DCI could be a promising antiaging agent that is worth further research on the mechanism and health supplemental application of DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China; Department of Pharmacy, the People's Hospital of Zhongjiang, Deyang, Sichuan 618100, China
| | - Xin-Tian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Han Li
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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2
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Mirza FJ, Zahid S, Holsinger RMD. Neuroprotective Effects of Carnosic Acid: Insight into Its Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052306. [PMID: 36903551 PMCID: PMC10005014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid is a diterpenoid abundantly present in plants belonging to the genus Rosmarinus and Salvia of the family Lamiaceae, accounting for their application in traditional medicine. The diverse biological properties of carnosic acid that include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities have instigated studies on its mechanistic role, providing further insights into its potential as a therapeutic agent. Accumulating evidence has established the relevance of carnosic acid as a neuroprotective agent exhibiting therapeutic efficacy in combatting neuronal-injury-induced disorders. The physiological importance of carnosic acid in the mitigation of neurodegenerative disorders is just beginning to be understood. This review summarizes the current data on the mode of action through which carnosic acid exerts its neuroprotective role that may serve to strategize novel therapeutic approaches for these debilitating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Javed Mirza
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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3
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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Natural Products: Insight from Rosemary Diterpenes, Carnosic Acid and Carnosol. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020545. [PMID: 36831081 PMCID: PMC9953345 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CAR) are two major diterpenes of the rosemary plant (Rosmarinus officinalis). They possess a phenolic structural moiety and are endowed with the power to remove cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) either through direct scavenging reaction or indirectly through upregulation of antioxidant defences. Hand in hand with these activities are their multiple biological effects and therapeutic potential orchestrated through modulating various signalling pathways of inflammation, including the NF-κB, MAPK, Nrf2, SIRT1, STAT3 and NLRP3 inflammasomes, among others. Consequently, they ameliorate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6), adhesion molecules, chemokines and prostaglandins. These anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action as a therapeutic link to various effects of these compounds, as in many other natural products, are scrutinised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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4
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Multi-Target Effects of ß-Caryophyllene and Carnosic Acid at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061199. [PMID: 35740096 PMCID: PMC9220155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are interlinked and interdependent processes involved in many chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Therefore, targeting inflammatory pathways may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. Emerging evidence indicates that many phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have the potential to ameliorate the disease phenotypes. In this scenario, ß-caryophyllene (BCP), a bicyclic sesquiterpene, and carnosic acid (CA), an ortho-diphenolic diterpene, were demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as neuroprotective and mitoprotective effects in different in vitro and in vivo models. BCP essentially promotes its effects by acting as a selective agonist and allosteric modulator of cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R). CA is a pro-electrophilic compound that, in response to oxidation, is converted to its electrophilic form. This can interact and activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE transcription pathway, triggering the synthesis of endogenous antioxidant “phase 2” enzymes. However, given the nature of its chemical structure, CA also exhibits direct antioxidant effects. BCP and CA can readily cross the BBB and accumulate in brain regions, giving rise to neuroprotective effects by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting activated microglia, substantially through the activation of pro-survival signalling pathways, including regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, and molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial quality control. Findings from different in vitro/in vivo experimental models of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease reported the beneficial effects of both compounds, suggesting that their use in treatments may be a promising strategy in the management of neurodegenerative diseases aimed at maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and ameliorating glia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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5
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Carnosic Acid and Carnosol Display Antioxidant and Anti-Prion Properties in In Vitro and Cell-Free Models of Prion Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040726. [PMID: 35453411 PMCID: PMC9027925 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible encephalopathies associated with the conversion of the physiological form of the prion protein (PrPC) to the disease-associated (PrPSc). Despite intense research, no therapeutic or prophylactic agent is available. The catechol-type diterpene Carnosic acid (CA) and its metabolite Carnosol (CS) from Rosmarinus officinalis have well-documented anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. Since oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases, we investigated the potential beneficial role of CA and CS in a cellular model of prion diseases (N2a22L cells) and in a cell-free prion amplification assay (RT-QuIC). The antioxidant effects of the compounds were confirmed when N2a22L were incubated with CA or CS. Furthermore, CA and CS reduced the accumulation of the disease-associated form of PrP, detected by Western Blotting, in N2a22L cells. This effect was validated in RT-QuIC assays, indicating that it is not associated with the antioxidant effects of CA and CS. Importantly, cell-free assays revealed that these natural products not only prevent the formation of PrP aggregates but can also disrupt already formed aggregates. Our results indicate that CA and CS have pleiotropic effects against prion diseases and could evolve into useful prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents against prion and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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6
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Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Herbet M. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9290. [PMID: 34502198 PMCID: PMC8430571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and aggregation of pathological proteins. There is a search for new compounds that can prevent the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases and slow down their course. The aim of this review is to present the role of AChE in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this review aims to reveal the benefits of using AChE inhibitors to treat these diseases. The selected new AChE inhibitors were also assessed in terms of their potential use in the described disease entities. Designing and searching for new drugs targeting AChE may in the future allow the discovery of therapies that will be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8bStreet, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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7
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Shalabalija D, Mihailova L, Crcarevska MS, Karanfilova IC, Ivanovski V, Nestorovska AK, Novotni G, Dodov MG. Formulation and optimization of bioinspired rosemary extract loaded PEGylated nanoliposomes for potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease using design of experiments. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dhage PA, Sharbidre AA, Dakua SP, Balakrishnan S. Leveraging hallmark Alzheimer's molecular targets using phytoconstituents: Current perspective and emerging trends. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111634. [PMID: 33965726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a type of dementia, severely distresses different brain regions. Characterized by various neuropathologies, it interferes with cognitive functions and neuropsychiatrical controls. This progressive deterioration has negative impacts not only on an individual's daily activity but also on social and occupational life. The pharmacological approach has always remained in the limelight for the treatment of AD. However, this approach is condemned with several side effects. Henceforth, a change in treatment approach has become crucial. Plant-based natural products are garnering special attention due to lesser side effects associated with their use. The current review emphasizes the anti-AD properties of phytoconstituents, throws light on those under clinical trials, and compiles information on their specific mode of actions against AD-related different neuropathologies. The phytoconstituents alone or in combinations will surely help discover new potent drugs for the effective treatment of AD with lesser side effects than the currently available pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta A Dhage
- Department of Zoology, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College (KTHM College), Nashik 422002, MS, India
| | - Archana A Sharbidre
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MS, India.
| | - Sarada P Dakua
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), 3050 Doha, Qatar
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9
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Fakhri S, Pesce M, Patruno A, Moradi SZ, Iranpanah A, Farzaei MH, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Attenuation of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE in Alzheimer's Disease by Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Mechanistic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214926. [PMID: 33114450 PMCID: PMC7663041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neuronal/cognitional dysfunction, leading to disability and death. Despite advances in revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms behind AD, no effective treatment has yet been provided. It urges the need for finding novel multi-target agents in combating the complex dysregulated mechanisms in AD. Amongst the dysregulated pathophysiological pathways in AD, oxidative stress seems to play a critical role in the pathogenesis progression of AD, with a dominant role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)/antioxidant responsive elements (ARE) pathway. In the present study, a comprehensive review was conducted using the existing electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as related articles in the field. Nrf2/Keap1/ARE has shown to be the upstream orchestrate of oxidative pathways, which also ameliorates various inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. So, developing multi-target agents with higher efficacy and lower side effects could pave the road in the prevention/management of AD. The plant kingdom is now a great source of natural secondary metabolites in targeting Nrf2/Keap1/ARE. Among natural entities, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpene/terpenoids, carotenoids, sulfur-compounds, as well as some other miscellaneous plant-derived compounds have shown promising future accordingly. Prevailing evidence has shown that activating Nrf2/ARE and downstream antioxidant enzymes, as well as inhibiting Keap1 could play hopeful roles in overcoming AD. The current review highlights the neuroprotective effects of plant secondary metabolites through targeting Nrf2/Keap1/ARE and downstream interconnected mediators in combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.)
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio CH-PE, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio CH-PE, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.)
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
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10
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Alavi MS, Fanoudi S, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. An updated review of protective effects of rosemary and its active constituents against natural and chemical toxicities. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1313-1328. [PMID: 33044022 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural and chemical toxic agents cause severe adverse effects on people's health in a variety of exposing ways. Herbal medications have taken into consideration as alternative safe treatments for toxicities. Rosmarinus officinalis also known as rosemary belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Rosemary and its constituents including carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and carnosol have a lot of benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-bacterial, antiviral, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective activities. In this literate review, we focused on the protective effects of rosemary and its main compounds against natural and chemical toxicities in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The protective effects of rosemary and its components are mostly mediated through different mechanisms such as the inhibition of oxidative stress, reduction of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB) as well as the modulation of apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Wahid M, Ali A, Saqib F, Aleem A, Bibi S, Afzal K, Ali A, Baig A, Khan SA, Bin Asad MHH. Pharmacological exploration of traditional plants for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3089-3112. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muqeet Wahid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Anam Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Aleem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Bibi
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Khurram Afzal
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Biotechnology COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology Kazan Federal University Kazan Russia
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12
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Chen XL, Luo QY, Hu WY, Chen JJ, Zhang RP. Abietane Diterpenoids with Antioxidative Damage Activity from Rosmarinus officinalis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5631-5640. [PMID: 32348137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nine new and nineteen known compounds were isolated and identified from Rosmarinus officinalis under the guidance of bioassay and LCMS. They all belonged to abietane diterpenoids which enriched the types of compounds in R. officinalis, especially the discovery of a series of 20-norabietane diterpenoids (4, 6-9, and 26-27). The antioxidative damage activity of the compounds was tested on H2O2 damaged SH-SY5Y cells. Compounds 5, 6, and 7 presented moderate ability for promoting the growth of damaged cells. Compounds 10, 11, 13-20, 27, and 28 displayed a high antioxidative damage effect whose cell viability rates were more than 80%. The antioxidative damage effect of 11, 16, 18, and 20 were higher than that of EGCG (positive control) in which 11, 18, and 20 were the acetylated derivatives of carnosic acid (10), 7α-methoxy-isocarnosol (16), and carnosol (19), respectively. It suggested that 10-carboxyl/formyl of abietane diterpenoids was essential for maintaining the antioxidative damage activity and the adjacent hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring was less important for holding the bioactivity. These acetylated derivatives with high bioactivity and stability could be regarded as new sources of antioxidants or antioxidative damage agents being used in the food and medical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Long Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Qing-Yi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Wei-Yan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Ping Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China
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13
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Gugliandolo A, Chiricosta L, Silvestro S, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. α-Tocopherol Modulates Non-Amyloidogenic Pathway and Autophagy in an In Vitro Model of Alzheimer's Disease: A Transcriptional Study. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E196. [PMID: 31405115 PMCID: PMC6721308 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9080196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. The hallmarks of AD are the extracellular amyloid plaques, which are formed by amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates derived from the processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and the intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, which are formed by the hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The aim of this work was to study the effects of α-tocopherol in retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aβ1-42 evaluating the transcriptional profile by next-generation sequencing. We observed that α-tocopherol was able to reduce the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ treatment, as demonstrated by Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, the transcriptomic analysis evidenced that α-tocopherol treatment upregulated genes involved in the non-amyloidogenic processing of APP, while it downregulated the amyloidogenic pathway. Moreover, α-tocopherol modulated the expression of the genes involved in autophagy and the cell cycle, which are both known to be altered in AD. The treatment with α-tocopherol was also able to reduce oxidative stress, restoring nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Silvestro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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14
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Hu M, Li YH, Cao XH. Carnosic acid alleviates brain injury through NF‑κB‑regulated inflammation and Caspase‑3‑associated apoptosis in high fat‑induced mouse models. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:495-504. [PMID: 31180544 PMCID: PMC6579991 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD) is a risk factor for various diseases in humans and animals. Metabolic disease-induced brain injury is becoming an increasingly popular research topic. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene synthesized by plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which exhibits multiple biological activities. In the present study, a mouse model of HFD-induced metabolic syndrome was generated. The body weight, liver weight, daily food intake, daily caloric intake, serum TG, serum TC, serum insulin and serum glucose of animals treated with CA were recorded. Additionally, the gene and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB signaling componnts, and caspase-3 were evaluated in the various CA treatment groups via immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. CA treatment significantly decreased HFD-induced metabolic syndrome by decreasing the serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin and glucose. Furthermore, CA served a protective role against brain injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response. CA significantly decreased the protein expression levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and brain tissues, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, regulated by the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, CA was revealed to promote the expression levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and to decrease the expression levels of pro-apoptotic Bax and matrix metallopeptidase 9. The present results suggested that CA was able to alleviate brain injury by modulating the inflammatory response and the apoptotic pathway. Administration of CA may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat metabolic disease-induced brain injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830099, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830099, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830099, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830099, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830099, P.R. China
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Kaufman MJ, Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Pope HG. Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid use: A risk factor for dementia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:180-207. [PMID: 30817935 PMCID: PMC6451684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with physiologic, cognitive, and brain abnormalities similar to those found in people at risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease and its related dementias (AD/ADRD), which are associated with high brain β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (tau-P) protein levels. Supraphysiologic-dose AAS induces androgen abnormalities and excess oxidative stress, which have been linked to increased and decreased expression or activity of proteins that synthesize and eliminate, respectively, Aβ and tau-P. Aβ and tau-P accumulation may begin soon after initiating supraphysiologic-dose AAS use, which typically occurs in the early 20s, and their accumulation may be accelerated by other psychoactive substance use, which is common among non-medical AAS users. Accordingly, the widespread use of supraphysiologic-dose AAS may increase the numbers of people who develop dementia. Early diagnosis and correction of sex-steroid level abnormalities and excess oxidative stress could attenuate risk for developing AD/ADRD in supraphysiologic-dose AAS users, in people with other substance use disorders, and in people with low sex-steroid levels or excess oxidative stress associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Kaufman
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gen Kanayama
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James I Hudson
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harrison G Pope
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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SEINO S, KIMOTO T, YOSHIDA H, TANJI K, MATSUMIYA T, HAYAKARI R, SEYA K, KAWAGUCHI S, TSURUGA K, TANAKA H, IMAIZUMI T. Gnetin C, a resveratrol dimer, reduces amyloid-β 1–42 (Aβ42) production and ameliorates Aβ42-lowered cell viability in cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells . Biomed Res 2018; 39:105-115. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.39.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syota SEINO
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeru KIMOTO
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hidemi YOSHIDA
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kunikazu TANJI
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoh MATSUMIYA
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryo HAYAKARI
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuhiko SEYA
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shogo KAWAGUCHI
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazushi TSURUGA
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi TANAKA
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of School Health Science, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University
| | - Tadaatsu IMAIZUMI
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
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17
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Cornejo A, Aguilar Sandoval F, Caballero L, Machuca L, Muñoz P, Caballero J, Perry G, Ardiles A, Areche C, Melo F. Rosmarinic acid prevents fibrillization and diminishes vibrational modes associated to β sheet in tau protein linked to Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:945-953. [PMID: 28701064 PMCID: PMC6009890 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1347783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common tauopathy where fibril formation and aggregates are the hallmark of the disease. Efforts targeting amyloid-β plaques have succeeded to remove plaques but failed in clinical trials to improve cognition; thus, the current therapeutic strategy is at preventing tau aggregation. Here, we demonstrated that four phenolic diterpenoids and rosmarinic acid inhibit fibrillization. Since, rosmarinic acid was the most active compound, we observe morphological changes in atomic force microscopy images after treatment. Hence, rosmarinic acid leads to a decrease in amide regions I and III, indicating that rosmarinic acid prevents β-sheet assembly. Molecular docking study inside the steric zipper model of the hexapeptide 306VQIVYK311 involved in fibrillization and β sheet formation, suggests that rosmarinic acid binds to the steric zipper with similar chemical interactions with respect to those observed for orange G, a known pharmacofore for amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cornejo
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Aguilar Sandoval
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Caballero
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Machuca
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Muñoz
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro bioinformático y modelamiento molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alejandro Ardiles
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Elufioye TO, Berida TI, Habtemariam S. Plants-Derived Neuroprotective Agents: Cutting the Cycle of Cell Death through Multiple Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:3574012. [PMID: 28904554 PMCID: PMC5585568 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3574012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotection is the preservation of the structure and function of neurons from insults arising from cellular injuries induced by a variety of agents or neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The various NDs including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases as well as amyotropic lateral sclerosis affect millions of people around the world with the main risk factor being advancing age. Each of these diseases affects specific neurons and/or regions in the brain and involves characteristic pathological and molecular features. Hence, several in vitro and in vivo study models specific to each disease have been employed to study NDs with the aim of understanding their underlying mechanisms and identifying new therapeutic strategies. Of the most prevalent drug development efforts employed in the past few decades, mechanisms implicated in the accumulation of protein-based deposits, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and certain neurotransmitter deficits such as acetylcholine and dopamine have been scrutinized in great detail. In this review, we presented classical examples of plant-derived neuroprotective agents by highlighting their structural class and specific mechanisms of action. Many of these natural products that have shown therapeutic efficacies appear to be working through the above-mentioned key multiple mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomayo Ireti Berida
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Fukui K, Yachi K, Yoshida H, Tanji K, Matsumiya T, Hayakari R, Tsuruga K, Tanaka H, Imaizumi T. Rebamipide reduces amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42) production and ameliorates Aβ43-lowered cell viability in cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Neurosci Res 2017; 124:40-50. [PMID: 28587858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, Aβ 1-42 (Aβ42) and Aβ43, in particular, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rebamipide (REB), a gastrointestinal protective drug, can cross the blood-brain barrier after oral administration; however, the effects of REB on neuronal cells have not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of REB on Aβ43-induced cytotoxicity (monomers, 10μM) in cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Addition of REB (10-1000nM) into the media partially ameliorated the reduced cell viability observed after Aβ43 treatment, which was determined by the MTT assay. REB reduced the levels of intracellular Aβ oligomers (100-150kDa) that were formed from the exogenous addition of Aβ43 monomers. In addition, REB (30nM) reduced endogenous Aβ42 secretion, which was analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, REB enhanced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme/a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17, neprilysin, matrix-metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14)/membrane type-1 MMP, cyclooxygenase-2, and sirtuin 1, even in cells challenged with Aβ43. These results suggest that REB improves the cell viability by inducing genes that regulate Aβ levels and also genes that are cytoprotective. The secondary use of REB may have potential in the prevention of Aβ-mediated diseases, particularly AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Fukui
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yachi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hidemi Yoshida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ryo Hayakari
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tsuruga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine and Hospital, Hirosaki 036-8563, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine and Hospital, Hirosaki 036-8563, Japan; Department of School Health Science, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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20
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McBean GJ, López MG, Wallner FK. Redox-based therapeutics in neurodegenerative disease. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1750-1770. [PMID: 27477685 PMCID: PMC5446580 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes recent developments in the search for effective therapeutic agents that target redox homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease. The disruption to thiol redox homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis is discussed, together with the experimental strategies that are aimed at preventing, or at least minimizing, oxidative damage in these diseases. Particular attention is given to the potential of increasing antioxidant capacity by targeting the Nrf2 pathway, the development of inhibitors of NADPH oxidases that are likely candidates for clinical use, together with strategies to reduce nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We describe the shortcomings of compounds that hinder their progression to the clinic and evaluate likely avenues for future research. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J McBean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - M G López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - F K Wallner
- Redoxis ABSweden and University of SkövdeSkövdeSweden
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21
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Omar SH, Scott CJ, Hamlin AS, Obied HK. The protective role of plant biophenols in mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 47:1-20. [PMID: 28301805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) into the neurotoxic oligomers followed by fibrillar aggregates is a defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several lines of proposed hypotheses have suggested the mechanism of AD pathology, though the exact pathophysiological mechanism is not yet elucidated. The poor understanding of AD and multitude of adverse responses reported from the current synthetic drugs are the leading cause of failure in the drug development to treat or halt the progression of AD and mandate the search for safer and more efficient alternatives. A number of natural compounds have shown the ability to prevent the formation of the toxic oligomers and disrupt the aggregates, thus attracted much attention. Referable to the abundancy and multitude of pharmacological activities of the plant active constituents, biophenols that distinguish them from the other phytochemicals as a natural weapon against the neurodegenerative disorders. This review provides a critical assessment of the current literature on in vitro and in vivo mechanistic activities of biophenols associated with the prevention and treatment of AD. We have contended the need for more comprehensive approaches to evaluate the anti-AD activity of biophenols at various pathologic levels and to assess the current evidences. Consequently, we highlighted the various problems and challenges confronting the AD research, and offer recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed H Omar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Adam S Hamlin
- School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Hassan K Obied
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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Bahri S, Jameleddine S, Shlyonsky V. Relevance of carnosic acid to the treatment of several health disorders: Molecular targets and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:569-582. [PMID: 27694001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid is a phenolic diterperne compound found in abundance in sage and rosemary, which are both widely used in traditional medicine. Research over the past decade indicates that carnosic acid has multiple bioactive properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities among others. This review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo data about the efficacy of carnosic acid in the prevention or treatment of various experimental health disorders. The analysis of the literature allows an insight into the participation of numerous signaling pathways modulated by carnosic acid, into its synergistic potential and, thus, into the divergence in cellular mechanisms of action of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Bahri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta 1007, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vadim Shlyonsky
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Liu J, Su H, Qu QM. Carnosic Acid Prevents Beta-Amyloid-Induced Injury in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells via the Induction of Autophagy. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2311-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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The Therapeutic Potential of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Diterpenes for Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2680409. [PMID: 26941822 PMCID: PMC4749867 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2680409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is one of the most economically important species of the family Lamiaceae. Native to the Mediterranean region, the plant is now widely distributed all over the world mainly due to its culinary, medicinal, and commercial uses including in the fragrance and food industries. Among the most important group of compounds isolated from the plant are the abietane-type phenolic diterpenes that account for most of the antioxidant and many pharmacological activities of the plant. Rosemary diterpenes have also been shown in recent years to inhibit neuronal cell death induced by a variety of agents both in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic potential of these compounds for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is reviewed in this communication by giving special attention to the chemistry of the compounds along with the various pharmacological targets of the disease. The multifunctional nature of the compounds from the general antioxidant-mediated neuronal protection to other specific mechanisms including brain inflammation and amyloid beta (Aβ) formation, polymerisation, and pathologies is discussed.
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25
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Elkahloun AG, Hafko R, Saavedra JM. An integrative genome-wide transcriptome reveals that candesartan is neuroprotective and a candidate therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:5. [PMID: 26822027 PMCID: PMC4731966 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent age-related dementia, and is currently without treatment. To identify possible targets for early therapeutic intervention we focused on glutamate excitotoxicity, a major early pathogenic factor, and the effects of candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker of neuroprotective efficacy in cell cultures and rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. The overall goal of the study was to determine whether gene analysis of drug effects in a primary neuronal culture correlate with alterations in gene expression in Alzheimer's disease, thus providing further preclinical evidence of beneficial therapeutic effects. METHODS Primary neuronal cultures were treated with candesartan at neuroprotective concentrations followed by excitotoxic glutamate amounts. We performed genome-wide expression profile analysis and data evaluation by ingenuity pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis, compared with alterations in gene expression from two independent published datasets identified by microarray analysis of postmortem hippocampus from Alzheimer's disease patients. Preferential expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells or neurons was analyzed by comparison to published gene expression in these cells isolated from human cortex by laser capture microdissection. RESULTS Candesartan prevented glutamate upregulation or downregulation of several hundred genes in our cultures. Ingenuity pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that inflammation, cardiovascular disease and diabetes signal transduction pathways and amyloid β metabolism were major components of the neuronal response to glutamate excitotoxicity. Further analysis showed associations of glutamate-induced changes in the expression of several hundred genes, normalized by candesartan, with similar alterations observed in hippocampus from Alzheimer's disease patients. Gene analysis of neurons and cerebrovascular endothelial cells obtained by laser capture microdissection revealed that genes up- and downregulated by glutamate were preferentially expressed in endothelial cells and neurons, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data may be interpreted as evidence of direct candesartan neuroprotection beyond its effects on blood pressure, revealing common and novel disease mechanisms that may underlie the in vitro gene alterations reported here and glutamate-induced cell injury in Alzheimer's disease. Our observations provide novel evidence for candesartan neuroprotection through early molecular mechanisms of injury in Alzheimer's disease, supporting testing this compound in controlled clinical studies in the early stages of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel G Elkahloun
- Comparative genomics and Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Roman Hafko
- Section on Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Section on Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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26
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Nrf2–ARE pathway: An emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:84-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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de Oliveira MR, Ferreira GC, Schuck PF, Dal Bosco SM. Role for the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway in the protective effects of carnosic acid against methylglyoxal-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:396-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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The Dietary Components Carnosic Acid and Carnosol as Neuroprotective Agents: a Mechanistic View. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6155-6168. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Meng P, Yoshida H, Tanji K, Matsumiya T, Xing F, Hayakari R, Wang L, Tsuruga K, Tanaka H, Mimura J, Kosaka K, Itoh K, Takahashi I, Kawaguchi S, Imaizumi T. Carnosic acid attenuates apoptosis induced by amyloid-β 1–42 or 1–43 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Neurosci Res 2015; 94:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Tamura R, Yokoyama Y, Yoshida H, Imaizumi T, Mizunuma H. 4-Methylumbelliferone inhibits ovarian cancer growth by suppressing thymidine phosphorylase expression. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:94. [PMID: 25304388 PMCID: PMC4198731 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-014-0094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU), a hyaluronan (HA) synthesis inhibitor, has antitumor activity in cancer cells. However, few studies have focused on its effects on ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 4-MU on ovarian cancer and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Methods The HRA human ovarian serous adenocarcinoma cell line was used in this study. The effects of 4-MU on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by using in vitro assays as well as an in vivo rat peritoneal carcinomatosis model. The expression of HA synthase (HAS), CD44 HA receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) mRNA in HRA cells was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results 4-MU administration inhibited the growth of peritoneal tumors and significantly prolonged survival. In vitro experiments showed that 4-MU inhibited HRA cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, while it did not affect HRA cell invasion and migration. 4-MU significantly decreased TP mRNA expression in HRA cells. On the other hand, since HAS2, CD44, and VEGF endogenous mRNA expression levels were very low in HRA cells, it was impossible to evaluate the effect of 4-MU treatment. Conclusions These results suggest that 4-MU exerts its antitumor effect on ovarian cancer through suppressing TP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Yokoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Hidemi Yoshida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Hideki Mizunuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
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Labbé C, Faini F, Calderón D, Molina J, Arredondo S. Variations of Carnosic acid and Carnosol Concentrations in Ethanol Extracts of Wild Lepechinia salviae in Spring (2008–2011). Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol extracts from dried leaves of wild Lepechinia salvia (Lindl) Epling, collected during the flowering period (September-November), contained 15% to 25% carnosic acid and 2 to 8% carnosol, depending on the month of collection. The highest concentration of carnosic acid in extracts was in October, while carnosol concentration had a peak in September, which suggests that it is not a product of carnosic acid oxidation. A comparison of extracts obtained in September 2008 to 2011 shows that the production of both abietanes increased in years with less winter rainfall and higher temperatures, which induced an early blooming. EC50values in DPPH radical scavenging and antiproliferative (CCRF-CEM tumor cells) bioassays confirm that the high bioactivity of the extracts of rosemary, sage and L. salviae does not arise only from carnosol and carnosic acid. The cytotoxic activity was significantly higher in extracts of L. salviae, probably due to water stress differences between the cultivars and the wild species. These results correlate well with the close phylogenetic relationship between the three species, and their similar medicinal uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Labbé
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Francesca Faini
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Daniela Calderón
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Juanita Molina
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Susana Arredondo
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
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Wu B, Sha L, Wang Y, Xu W, Yu Y, Feng F, Sun C, Xia L. Diagnostic and prognostic value of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 in patients with gliomas. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2616-2620. [PMID: 25364437 PMCID: PMC4214486 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) has been shown to regulate numerous proteins involved in the cell cycle, as well as tumor oncogenes. The expression pattern of ADAM17 in glioma patients, however, is unclear. In the present study, the expression pattern and prognostic significance of ADAM17 was investigated in patients with glioma. A total of 60 glioma specimens and eight normal control samples were obtained. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses were used to examine the expression of ADAM17. In addition, the association of ADAM17 expression with the clinicopathological parameters and the survival rates of the glioma patients was analyzed. The results showed that ADAM17 was upregulated in the high-grade glioma tissues compared with that in the low-grade and normal brain tissues of the glioma patients, and that the level increased with ascending World Health Organization tumor grade (P<0.05). Furthermore, the survival rate of the patients with ADAM17-positive tumors was lower compared with the patients with ADAM17-negative tumors. These results indicated that the overexpression of ADAM17 was correlated with a high tumor grade and a poor prognosis in patients with glioma. ADAM17 may have an important oncogenic function in glioma progression, and is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Longgui Sha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Caixing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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Park MY, Mun ST. Carnosic acid inhibits TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:516-20. [PMID: 25324930 PMCID: PMC4198963 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.5.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Carnosic acid (CA), found in rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) leaves, is known to exhibit anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether its anti-inflammatory potency can contribute to the amelioration of obesity has not been elucidated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of CA on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with CA (0-20 µM) for 1 h, followed by treatment with LPS for 30 min; mRNA expression of adipokines and protein expression of TLR4-related molecules were then measured. RESULTS LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed elevated mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and CA significantly inhibited the expression of these adipokine genes. LPS-induced up regulation of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, TNF receptor-associated factor 6, and nuclear factor-κB, as well as phosphorylated extracellular receptor-activated kinase were also suppressed by pre-treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with CA. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that CA directly inhibits TLR4-MyD88-dependent signaling pathways and decreases the inflammatory response in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 336-745, Korea
| | - Seong Taek Mun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang-6-gil 31, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 330-721, Korea
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Hirakawa H, Yokoyama Y, Yoshida H, Mizunuma H. Inhibitory effects of aromatase inhibitor on estrogen receptor-alpha positive ovarian cancer in mice. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:4. [PMID: 24410765 PMCID: PMC3895704 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen causes proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Although hormone therapy with an anti-estrogen agent is an optional therapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancers, both basic and clinical researches are insufficient. We here examine the efficacy of an aromatase inhibitor (AI) for peritonitis carcinomatosa, the late stage of ovarian cancer. Methods Estrogen receptor (ER)α was assayed in four ovarian cancer cell lines by the RT-PCR method. Using ovariectomized nude mice, peritonitis carcinomatosa consisting of OVCAR-3 cells with the strongest ERα expression or DISS cells with weaker ERα expression was prepared. The survival period was compared between the letrozole group (5 mg/kg/day orally; n = 10) and the control group (n = 10). In addition, the degree of angiogenesis and occurrence of apoptosis were compared using tumor tissue from the abdominal cavity. The expression of aromatase and the protein involving in ERα signaling were examined in tumors immunohistochemically. Results Survival period in OVCAR-3 tumors was significantly prolonged in the letrozole group, compared with the control group (P < 0.05), whereas that in DISS tumors was not different between the both groups. The microvessel density in tumors and expression of VEGF decreased significantly in the letrozole group compared to the control group. The incidence of apoptosis did not differ significantly between these groups. No adverse event was observed accompanying the administration of letrozole. The expressions of aromatase, ERα and FOXP1 that is associated with ERα signaling were reduced in tumors by letrozole administration. Conclusions Letrozole was effective for ovarian cancers with abundant expression of ERα. Inhibition of angiogenesis and of ascites production appeared to contribute to prolongation of the survival period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihito Yokoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8261, Japan.
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Yoshida H, Meng P, Matsumiya T, Tanji K, Hayakari R, Xing F, Wang L, Tsuruga K, Tanaka H, Mimura J, Kosaka K, Itoh K, Takahashi I, Imaizumi T. Carnosic acid suppresses the production of amyloid-β 1-42 and 1-43 by inducing an α-secretase TACE/ADAM17 in U373MG human astrocytoma cells. Neurosci Res 2013; 79:83-93. [PMID: 24295810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are key molecules in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β- and γ-secretases generates Aβ peptides; however, the alternate cleavage of APP by the α- and γ-secretases decreases Aβ production. We previously reported that carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene compound found in the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, suppresses Aβ (1-40 and 1-42) production by activating α-secretase in cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells (Neurosci. Res. 2013; 75: 94-102). Here, we investigated the effect of CA on the production of Aβ peptides (1-40, 1-42 and 1-43) in U373MG human astrocytoma cells. The treatment of cells with CA suppressed Aβ40/42/43 release (55-71% decrease at 50μM). CA treatment enhanced the mRNA expressions of an α-secretase TACE (tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme, also called a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17, ADAM17); however, the β-secretase BACE1 (β-site APP-cleaving enzyme-1) was not increased by CA. Knockdown of TACE by siRNA reduced soluble-APPα release enhanced by CA and partially recovered the CA-suppressed Aβ40/42/43 release. These results suggest that CA reduces Aβ production, at least partially, by activating TACE in human astroglial cells. The use of CA may have a potential in the prevention of Aβ-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Yoshida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Pengfei Meng
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ryo Hayakari
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tsuruga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine and Hospital, Hirosaki 036-8563, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine and Hospital, Hirosaki 036-8563, Japan; Department of School Health Science, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan
| | - Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kunio Kosaka
- Research and Development Center, Nagase & Co. Ltd., 2-2-3, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ippei Takahashi
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Sandberg M, Patil J, D'Angelo B, Weber SG, Mallard C. NRF2-regulation in brain health and disease: implication of cerebral inflammation. Neuropharmacology 2013; 79:298-306. [PMID: 24262633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key regulator of endogenous inducible defense systems in the body. Under physiological conditions NRF2 is mainly located in the cytoplasm. However, in response to oxidative stress, NRF2 translocates to the nucleus and binds to specific DNA sites termed "anti-oxidant response elements" or "electrophile response elements" to initiate transcription of cytoprotective genes. Acute oxidative stress to the brain, such as stroke and traumatic brain injury is increased in animals that are deficient in NRF2. Insufficient NRF2 activation in humans has been linked to chronic diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. New findings have also linked activation of the NRF2 system to anti-inflammatory effects via interactions with NF-κB. Here we review literature on cellular mechanisms of NRF2 regulation, how to maintain and restore NRF2 function and the relationship between NRF2 regulation and brain damage. We bring forward the hypothesis that inflammation via prolonged activation of key kinases (p38 and GSK-3β) and activation of histone deacetylases gives rise to dysregulation of the NRF2 system in the brain, which contributes to oxidative stress and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Sandberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaspal Patil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara D'Angelo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephen G Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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