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Zhang Y, Kunii M, Taniguchi M, Yoshimura SI, Harada A. Rab6-Mediated Polarized Transport of Synaptic Vesicle Precursors Is Essential for the Establishment of Neuronal Polarity and Brain Formation. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2334232024. [PMID: 38830762 PMCID: PMC11223463 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2334-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells that are composed of a single axon and multiple dendrites. Axon-dendrite polarity is essential for proper tissue formation and brain functions. Intracellular protein transport plays an important role in the establishment of neuronal polarity. However, the regulatory mechanism of polarized transport remains unclear. Here, we show that Rab6, a small GTPase that acts on the regulation of intracellular vesicular trafficking, plays key roles in neuronal polarization and brain development. Central nervous system-specific Rab6a/b double knock-out (Rab6 DKO) mice of both sexes exhibit severe dysplasia of the neocortex and the cerebellum. In the Rab6 DKO neocortex, impaired axonal extension of neurons results in hypoplasia of the intermediate zone. In vitro, deletion of Rab6a and Rab6b in cultured neurons from both sexes causes the abnormal accumulation of synaptic vesicle precursors (SVPs) adjacent to the Golgi apparatus, which leads to defects in axonal extension and the loss of axon-dendrite polarity. Moreover, Rab6 DKO causes significant expansion of lysosomes in the soma in neurons. Overall, our results reveal that Rab6-mediated polarized transport of SVPs is crucial for neuronal polarization and subsequent brain formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Departments of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masataka Kunii
- Departments of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manabu Taniguchi
- Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Yoshimura
- Departments of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Harada
- Departments of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sugawara Y, Mizuno Y, Oku S, Sawada Y, Goto T. Role of protein kinase D1 in vasoconstriction and haemodynamics in rats. Microvasc Res 2024; 152:104627. [PMID: 37963515 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Protein kinase D (PKD), once considered an effector of protein kinase C (PKC), now plays many pathophysiological roles in various tissues. However, little is known about role of PKD in vascular function. We investigated the role of PKD in contraction of rat aorta and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and in haemodynamics in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Isometric tension of rat aortic was measured to examine norepinephrine-induced contraction in the presence of PKD, PKC and Rho-kinase inhibitors. Phosphorylation of PKD1, myosin targeting subunit-1 (MYPT1), myosin light chain (MLC), CPI-17 and heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27), and actin polymerization were measured in the aorta. Phosphorylation of MYPT1 and MLC was also measured in HASMCs knocked down with specific siRNAs of PKD 1, 2 and 3. Intracellular calcium concentrations and cell shortening were measured in HASMCs. Norepinephrine-induced aortic contraction was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of PKD1, MYPT1 and MLC and actin polymerization, all of which were attenuated with PKD inhibitor CRT0066101. PKD1 phosphorylation was not inhibited by PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine or Rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil. In HASMCs, the phosphorylation of MYPT1 and MLC was attenuated by PKD1, but not PKD2, 3 knockdown. In HASMCs, CRT0066101 inhibited norepinephrine-induced cell shortening without affecting calcium concentration. Administration of CRT0066101 decreased systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure without affecting cardiac output in rats. CONCLUSIONS PKD1 may play roles in aorta contraction and haemodynamics via phosphorylation of MYPT1 and actin polymerization in a calcium-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Sugawara
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizuno
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Shinya Oku
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Sawada
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Goto
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Connelly JA, Zhang X, Chen Y, Chao Y, Shi Y, Jacob TC, Wang QJ. Protein kinase D2 confers neuroprotection by promoting AKT and CREB activation in ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106305. [PMID: 37730136 PMCID: PMC10836334 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, constituting 80-90% of all strokes, is a leading cause of death and long-term disability in adults. There is an urgent need to discover new targets and therapies for this devastating condition. Protein kinase D (PKD), as a key target of diacylglycerol involved in ischemic responses, has not been well studied in ischemic stroke, particularly PKD2. In this study, we found that PKD2 expression and activity were significantly upregulated in the ipsilateral side of the brain after transient focal cerebral ischemia, which coincides with the upregulation of PKD2 in primary neurons in response to in vitro ischemia, implying a potential role of PKD2 in neuronal survival in ischemic stroke. Using kinase-dead PKD2 knock-in (PKD2-KI) mice, we examined whether loss of PKD2 activity affected stroke outcomes in mice subjected to 1 h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and 24 h of reperfusion. Our data demonstrated that PKD2-KI mice exhibited larger infarction volumes and worsened neurological scores, indicative of increased brain injury, as compared to the wild-type (WT) mice, confirming a neuroprotective role of PKD2 in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mouse primary neurons obtained from PKD2-KI mice also exhibited increased cell death as compared to the WT neurons when subjected to in vitro ischemia. We have further identified AKT and CREB as two main signaling nodes through which PKD2 regulates neuronal survival during I/R injury. In summary, PKD2 confers neuroprotection in ischemic stroke by promoting AKT and CREB activation and targeted activation of PKD2 may benefit neuronal survival in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn A Connelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Yapeng Chao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Yejie Shi
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Tija C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Q Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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Lv D, Chen H, Feng Y, Cui B, Kang Y, Zhang P, Luo M, Chen J. Small-Molecule Inhibitor Targeting Protein Kinase D: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:680221. [PMID: 34249722 PMCID: PMC8263921 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.680221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase D (PKD) family is a family of serine-threonine kinases that are members of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) superfamily. PKDs have been increasingly implicated in multiple pivotal cellular processes and pathological conditions. PKD dysregulation is associated with several diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and obesity. Over the past few years, small-molecule inhibitors have emerged as alternative targeted therapy with fewer adverse side effects than currently available chemotherapy, and these specifically targeted inhibitors limit non-specific toxicities. The successful development of PKD inhibitors would significantly suppress the growth and proliferation of various cancers and inhibit the progression of other diseases. Various PKD inhibitors have been studied in the preclinical setting. In this context, we summarize the PKD inhibitors under investigation and their application for different kinds of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzhu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Thomas W, Dooley R, Quinn S, Robles MY, Harvey BJ. Protein kinase D2 regulates epithelial sodium channel activity and aldosterone non-genomic responses in renal cortical collecting duct cells. Steroids 2020; 155:108553. [PMID: 31836481 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D2 (PKD2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase which plays an important role in vesicle fission at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to coordinate subcellular trafficking with gene expression. We found that in the rat kidney, PKD2 is specifically expressed in collecting duct principal cells predominantly at the apical membrane and with lower basal expression in cytosolic compartments. When rats were maintained on a Na+ depleted diet (<0.87 mmol Na+/kg) to increase plasma aldosterone levels, PKD2 became internalized to a cytoplasmic compartment. Treatment of murine M1 cortical collecting duct (M1-CCD) cells with aldosterone (10 nM) promoted PKD2 co-localization with the trans-Golgi network within 30 min. PKD2 underwent autophosphorylation at Ser876 within 10 min of aldosterone treatment and remained phosphorylated (active) for at least 24 h. A stable PKD2 shRNA knock-down (PKD2 KD) M1-CCD cell line was developed to study the role of PKD2 in epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) trafficking and transepithelial Na+ transport (SCC) in epithelial monolayers grown in Ussing chambers. The PKD2 KD cells developed transepithelial resistance with kinetics equivalent to wild-type cells, however the transepithelial voltage and Na+ current were significantly elevated in PKD2 knock-down CCD epithelia. The higher basal SCC was due to increased ENaC activity. Aldosterone treatment for 24 h resulted in a decline in ENaC activity in the PKD2 KD cells as opposed to the increase observed in the wild-type cells. The paradoxical inhibition of SCC by aldosterone in PKD2 KD epithelium was attributed to a reduction in ENaC current and lower membrane abundance of ENaC, demonstrating that PKD2 plays a critical tonic role in ENaC trafficking and channel subunit stability. The rapid activation of PKD2 by aldosterone is synergistic with the transcriptional activity of MR and contributes to increased ENaC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Thomas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Perdana University - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Block D MAEPS, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruth Dooley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sinead Quinn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Manuel Yusef Robles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centro di Estudios Cientificos CECs, Valdivia, Chile.
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Matsumura K, Baba M, Nagayasu K, Yamamoto K, Kondo M, Kitagawa K, Takemoto T, Seiriki K, Kasai A, Ago Y, Hayata-Takano A, Shintani N, Kuriu T, Iguchi T, Sato M, Takuma K, Hashimoto R, Hashimoto H, Nakazawa T. Autism-associated protein kinase D2 regulates embryonic cortical neuron development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:626-632. [PMID: 31540692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impaired social interaction, repetitive behavior and restricted interests. Although the molecular etiology of ASD remains largely unknown, recent studies have suggested that de novo mutations are significantly involved in the risk of ASD. We and others recently identified spontaneous de novo mutations in PKD2, a protein kinase D family member, in sporadic ASD cases. However, the biological significance of the de novo PKD2 mutations and the role of PKD2 in brain development remain unclear. Here, we performed functional analysis of PKD2 in cortical neuron development using in utero electroporation. PKD2 is highly expressed in cortical neural stem cells in the developing cortex and regulates cortical neuron development, including the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells and migration of newborn neurons. Importantly, we determined that the ASD-associated de novo mutations impair the kinase activity of PKD2, suggesting that the de novo PKD2 mutations can be a risk factor for the disease by loss of function of PKD2. Our current findings provide novel insight into the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Matsumura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Research Fellowships for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Masayuki Baba
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Momoka Kondo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kuriu
- Osaka Medical College, Research and Development Center, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tokuichi Iguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takuma
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan; Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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