1
|
Saloman JL, Epouhe AY, Ruff CF, Albers KM. PDX1, a transcription factor essential for organ differentiation, regulates SERCA-dependent Ca 2+ homeostasis in sensory neurons. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102884. [PMID: 38574509 PMCID: PMC11188734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) is a transcription factor required for the development and differentiation of the pancreas. Previous studies indicated that PDX1 expression was restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. Using a cre-dependent reporter, we observed PDX1-dependent expression of tdtomato (PDX1-tom) in a subpopulation of sensory nerves. Many of these PDX1-tom afferents expressed the neurofilament 200 protein and projected to the skin. Tdtomato-labeled terminals were associated with hair follicles in the form of longitudinal and circumferential lanceolate endings suggesting a role in tactile and proprioceptive perception. To begin to examine the functional significance of PDX1 in afferents, we used Fura-2 imaging to examine calcium (Ca2+) handling under naïve and nerve injury conditions. Neuropathic injury is associated with increased intracellular Ca2+ signaling that in part results from dysregulation of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA). Here we demonstrate that under naïve conditions, PDX1 regulates expression of the SERCA2B isoform in sensory neurons. In response to infraorbital nerve injury, a significant reduction of PDX1 and SERCA2B expression and dysregulation of Ca2+ handling occurs in PDX1-tom trigeminal ganglia neurons. The identification of PDX1 expression in the somatosensory system and its regulation of SERCA2B and Ca2+ handling provide a new mechanism to explain pathological changes in primary afferents that may contribute to pain associated with nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jami L Saloman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ariel Y Epouhe
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine F Ruff
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Albers
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakagawa M, Takahashi K, Nishizawa Y, Ohta T. Involvement of interaction of Cav3.2 and nociceptive TRPA1 in pathological pain transmission. Biomed Res 2024; 45:45-55. [PMID: 38325845 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.45.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
T-type Ca2+ channels and TRPA1 expressed in sensory neurons are involved in pain. We previously demonstrated a functional interaction of these channels under physiological conditions. Here we investigated the possible involvement of these channels in inflammatory pain condition. We also evaluated the relationship of these channels endogenously expressed in RIN-14B, a rat pancreatic islet tumor cell line. In dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervated inflammatory side, [Ca2+]i increases induced by 15 mM KCl (15K) were enhanced in neurons responded to AITC. This enhancement was not observed in genetically TRPA1-deficient neurons. The T-type and AITC-induced currents were larger in neurons of the inflammatory side than in those of the control one. In DRGs of the inflammatory side, the protein expression of Cav3.2, but not TRPA1, was increased. In RIN-14B, 15K-induced [Ca2+]i increases were decreased by blockers of T-type Ca2+ channel and TRPA1, and by TRPA1-silencing. Immunoprecipitation suggested the coexistent of these channels in sensory neurons and RIN-14B. In mice with inflammation, mechanical hypersensitivity was suppressed by blockers of both channels. These data suggest that the interaction of Cav3.2 with TRPA1 in sensory neurons is enhanced via the augmentation of the activities of both channels under inflammatory conditions, indicating that both channels are therapeutic targets for inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minami Nakagawa
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishizawa
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohta
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Q, Lu Z, Ren H, Fu L, Wang Y, Bu H, Ma M, Ma L, Huang C, Wang J, Zang W, Cao J, Fan X. Cav3.2 T-Type calcium channels downregulation attenuates bone cancer pain induced by inhibiting IGF-1/HIF-1α signaling pathway in the rat spinal cord. J Bone Oncol 2023; 42:100495. [PMID: 37583441 PMCID: PMC10423893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2023.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most ubiquitous and refractory symptoms of cancer patients that needs to be urgently addressed. Substantial studies have revealed the pivotal role of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in chronic pain, however, its involvement in BCP and the specific molecular mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Methods The expression levels of Cav3.2, insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were detected by Western blot in tissues and cells. X-ray and Micro CT used to detect bone destruction in rats. Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein expression and spatial location in the spinal dorsal horn. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay used to verify the interaction between HIF-1α and Cav3.2. Results The results showed that the expression of Cav3.2 channel was upregulated and blockade of this channel alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in BCP rats. Additionally, inhibition of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling not only reversed the BCP-induced upregulation of Cav3.2 and HIF-1α, but also decreased nociceptive hypersensitivity in BCP rats. Inhibition of IGF-1 increased Cav3.2 expression levels, which were abolished by pretreatment with HIF-1α siRNA in PC12 cells. Furthermore, nuclear HIF-1α bound to the promoter of Cav3.2 to regulate the Cav3.2 transcription level, and knockdown of HIF-1α suppresses the IGF-1-induced upregulation of Cav3.2 and pain behaviors in rats with BCP. Conclusion These findings suggest that spinal Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels play a central role during the development of bone cancer pain in rats via regulation of the IGF-1/IGF-1R/HIF-1α pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Liu
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Huan Ren
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Lijun Fu
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yueliang Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Huilian Bu
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Minyu Ma
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Letian Ma
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Weidong Zang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Xiaochong Fan
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rangel-Galván M, Rangel-Galván V, Rangel-Huerta A. T-type calcium channel modulation by hydrogen sulfide in neuropathic pain conditions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212800. [PMID: 37529702 PMCID: PMC10387653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain can appear as a direct or indirect nerve damage lesion or disease that affects the somatosensory nervous system. If the neurons are damaged or indirectly stimulated, immune cells contribute significantly to inflammatory and neuropathic pain. After nerve injury, peripheral macrophages/spinal microglia accumulate around damaged neurons, producing endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) through the cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) enzyme. H2S has a pronociceptive modulation on the Cav3.2 subtype, the predominant Cav3 isoform involved in pain processes. The present review provides relevant information about H2S modulation on the Cav3.2 T-type channels in neuropathic pain conditions. We have discussed that the dual effect of H2S on T-type channels is concentration-dependent, that is, an inhibitory effect is seen at low concentrations of 10 µM and an augmentation effect on T-current at 100 µM. The modulation mechanism of the Cav3.2 channel by H2S involves the direct participation of the redox/Zn2+ affinity site located in the His191 in the extracellular loop of domain I of the channel, involving a group of extracellular cysteines, comprising C114, C123, C128, and C1333, that can modify the local redox environment. The indirect interaction pathways involve the regulation of the Cav3.2 channel through cytokines, kinases, and post-translational regulators of channel expression. The findings conclude that the CSE/H2S/Cav3.2 pathway could be a promising therapeutic target for neuropathic pain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maricruz Rangel-Galván
- Biothecnology Department, Metropolitan Polytechnic University of Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Violeta Rangel-Galván
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Professional Development, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Rangel-Huerta
- Faculty of Computer Science, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Calderon-Rivera A, Gomez K, Loya-López S, Wijeratne EK, Stratton H, Tang C, Duran P, Masterson K, Alsbiei O, Gunatilaka AL, Khanna R. Betulinic acid analogs inhibit N- and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels to attenuate nerve-injury associated neuropathic and formalin models of pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100116. [PMID: 36687466 PMCID: PMC9853350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, there has been a significant growth in the use of natural products, with approximately 80% of individuals using them for some aspect of primary healthcare. Our laboratories have identified and studied natural compounds with analgesic effects from dry land plants or their associated fungus during the past ten years. Here, we isolated and characterized thirteen betulin analogs and fifteen betulinic acid analogs for their capacity to prevent calcium influx brought on by depolarization in sensory neurons. The in vitro inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels by the top drugs was then assessed using whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology. In vivo experiments, conducted at two sites, evaluated the best compound in acute and tonic, neuropathic, inflammatory, post-operative and visceral models of pain. We found that the betulinic acid analog 8 inhibited calcium influx in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons by inhibiting N- (CaV2.2) and T- (CaV3) type voltage-gated calcium channels. Moreover, intrathecal delivery of analog 8 had analgesic activity in both spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain and acute and tonic pain induced by formalin. The results presented herein highlight the potential antinociceptive properties of betulinic acid analog 8 and set the stage for the development of novel non-opioid pain therapeutics based on the triterpenoid scaffold of betulinic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santiago Loya-López
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Harrison Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kyleigh Masterson
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Omar Alsbiei
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - A.A. Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu XG. Normalization of Neuroinflammation: A New Strategy for Treatment of Persistent Pain and Memory/Emotional Deficits in Chronic Pain. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5201-5233. [PMID: 36110505 PMCID: PMC9469940 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s379093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, which affects around 1/3 of the world population and is often comorbid with memory deficit and mood depression, is a leading source of suffering and disability. Studies in past decades have shown that hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons resulting from abnormal expression of ion channels and central sensitization mediated pathological synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation in spinal dorsal horn, underlie the persistent pain. The memory/emotional deficits are associated with impaired synaptic connectivity in hippocampus. Dysregulation of numerous endogenous proteins including receptors and intracellular signaling molecules is involved in the pathological processes. However, increasing knowledge contributes little to clinical treatment. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the neuroinflammation, characterized by overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial activation, is reliably detected in humans and animals with chronic pain, and is sufficient to induce persistent pain and memory/emotional deficits. The abnormal expression of ion channels and pathological synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn and in hippocampus are resulting from neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammation is initiated and maintained by the interactions of circulating monocytes, glial cells and neurons. Obviously, unlike infectious diseases and cancer, which are caused by pathogens or malignant cells, chronic pain is resulting from alterations of cells and molecules which have numerous physiological functions. Therefore, normalization (counterbalance) but not simple inhibition of the neuroinflammation is the right strategy for treating neuronal disorders. Currently, no such agent is available in clinic. While experimental studies have demonstrated that intracellular Mg2+ deficiency is a common feature of chronic pain in animal models and supplement Mg2+ are capable of normalizing the neuroinflammation, activation of upregulated proteins that promote recovery, such as translocator protein (18k Da) or liver X receptors, has a similar effect. In this article, relevant experimental and clinical evidence is reviewed and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu T, Wei S, Wang Y. Post-Inhibitory Rebound Firing of Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2029-2040. [PMID: 35923842 PMCID: PMC9342929 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s370335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the central nervous system, post-inhibitory rebound firing (RF) may mediate overactivity of neurons under pathophysiological condition. RF is also observed in dorsal root ganglion (IRA) neurons. However, the functional significance of RF in primary sensory neurons has remained unknown. After peripheral sensory nerve/neuron injury, DRG neurons exhibit hyperexcitability. Therefore, RF may play a role in neuropathic pain. Methods Chronic compression of DRG (CCD) is used as a neuropathic pain model. Rats were divided into 2 groups: Sham and CCD groups. Patch clamp was performed on the whole DRG and cultured DRG neurons to record RF and T-type Ca2+ currents. The blocker of T-type Ca2+ channels, NiCl2, was applied to DRG neurons. Results Rebound neurons were more excitable than non-rebound neurons. And they discharged RF with prominent after depolarizing potentials, which were blocked by NiCl2. After DRG injury, the proportion of rebound neurons augmented, and rebound neurons’ excitability increased. Meanwhile, the steady-state activation curve of T-type Ca2+ channels was shifted toward the left. Conclusion RF may be related to highly excitable neurons and sensitive to both depolarization and hyperpolarization. T-type Ca2+ channels were critical to RF, potentially enhancing the spontaneous firing of rebound neurons in response to resting membrane potential fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuying Wang, Email
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Histone methylation-mediated microRNA-32-5p down-regulation in sensory neurons regulates pain behaviors via targeting Cav3.2 channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117209119. [PMID: 35353623 PMCID: PMC9168926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117209119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identify microRNA-32-5p (miR-32-5p) as a key functional noncoding RNA in trigeminal-mediated neuropathic pain. We report that injury-induced histone methylation attenuates the binding of glucocorticoid receptor to the promoter region of the miR-32-5p gene and decreases the expression of miR-32-5p, in turn promoting the development of neuropathic pain through regulation of Cav3.2 channels. miRNA-mediated gene regulation has been proposed as a therapeutic approach in neuropathic pain. Our findings identify miR-32-5p replenishment as a therapeutic strategy for treating chronic neuropathic pain. microRNA (miRNA)–mediated gene regulation has been studied as a therapeutic approach, but its functional regulatory mechanism in neuropathic pain is not well understood. Here, we identify that miRNA-32-5p (miR-32-5p) is a functional RNA in regulating trigeminal-mediated neuropathic pain. High-throughput sequencing and qPCR analysis showed that miR-32-5p was the most down-regulated miRNA in the injured trigeminal ganglion (TG) of rats. Intra-TG injection of miR-32-5p agomir or overexpression of miR-32-5p by lentiviral delivery in neurons of the injured TG attenuated established trigeminal neuropathic pain. miR-32-5p overexpression did not affect acute physiological pain, while miR-32-5p down-regulation in intact rats was sufficient to cause pain-related behaviors. Nerve injury increased the methylated histone occupancy of binding sites for the transcription factor glucocorticoid receptor in the miR-32-5p promoter region. Inhibition of the enzymes that catalyze H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 restored the expression of miR-32-5p and markedly attenuated pain behaviors. Further, miR-32-5p–targeted Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels and decreased miR-32-5p associated with neuropathic pain caused an increase in Cav3.2 protein expression and T-type channel currents. Conversely, miR-32-5p overexpression in injured TG suppressed the increased expression of Cav3.2 and reversed mechanical allodynia. Together, we conclude that histone methylation-mediated miR-32-5p down-regulation in TG neurons regulates trigeminal neuropathic pain by targeting Cav3.2 channels.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang N, Liu F, Zhang X, Chen C, Xia Z, Fu S, Wang J, Xu J, Cui S, Zhang Y, Yi M, Wan Y, Li Q, Xu S. A Hybrid Titanium-Softmaterial, High-Strength, Transparent Cranial Window for Transcranial Injection and Neuroimaging. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020129. [PMID: 35200389 PMCID: PMC8870569 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A transparent and penetrable cranial window is essential for neuroimaging, transcranial injection and comprehensive understanding of cortical functions. For these applications, cranial windows made from glass coverslip, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethylmethacrylate, crystal and silicone hydrogel have offered remarkable convenience. However, there is a lack of high-strength, high-transparency, penetrable cranial window with clinical application potential. We engineer high-strength hybrid Titanium-PDMS (Ti-PDMS) cranial windows, which allow large transparent area for in vivo two-photon imaging, and provide a soft window for transcranial injection. Laser scanning and 3D printing techniques are used to match the hybrid cranial window to different skull morphology. A multi-cycle degassing pouring process ensures a good combination of PDMS and Ti frame. Ti-PDMS cranial windows have a high fracture strength matching human skull bone, excellent light transmittance up to 94.4%, and refractive index close to biological tissue. Ti-PDMS cranial windows show excellent bio-compatibility during 21-week implantation in mice. Dye injection shows that the PDMS window has a "self-sealing" to keep liquid from leaking out. Two-photon imaging for brain tissues could be achieved up to 450 µm in z-depth. As a novel brain-computer-interface, this Ti-PDMS device offers an alternative choice for in vivo drug delivery, optical experiments, ultrasonic treatment and electrophysiology recording.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (N.Y.); (J.X.)
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Z.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenni Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xia
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Su Fu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (N.Y.); (J.X.)
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Li
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Z.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (N.Y.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (S.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shin SM, Wang F, Qiu C, Itson-Zoske B, Hogan QH, Yu H. Sigma-1 receptor activity in primary sensory neurons is a critical driver of neuropathic pain. Gene Ther 2022; 29:1-15. [PMID: 32424233 PMCID: PMC7671947 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is highly expressed in the primary sensory neurons (PSNs) that are the critical site of initiation and maintenance of pain following peripheral nerve injury. By immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, we observed increased expression of both σ1R and σ1R-binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) in the lumbar (L) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) ipsilateral to painful neuropathy induced by spared nerve injury (SNI). To evaluate the therapeutic potential of PSN-targeted σ1R inhibition at a selected segmental level, we designed a recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector expressing a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against rat σ1R. Injection of this vector into the L4/L5 DRGs induced downregulation of σ1R in DRG neurons of all size groups, while expression of BiP was not affected. This was accompanied by attenuation of SNI-induced cutaneous mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Whole-cell current-clamp recordings of dissociated neurons showed that knockdown of σ1R suppressed neuronal excitability, suggesting that σ1R silencing attenuates pain by reversal of injury-induced neuronal hyperexcitability. These findings support a critical role of σ1R in modulating PSN nociceptive functions, and that the nerve injury-induced elevated σ1R activity in the PSNs can be a significant driver of neuropathic pain. Further understanding the role of PSN-σ1R in pain pathology may open routes to exploit this system for DRG-targeted pain therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chensheng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, PR China
| | - Brandon Itson-Zoske
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gomez K, Vargas-Parada A, Duran P, Sandoval A, Delgado-Lezama R, Khanna R, Felix R. L5-6 Spinal Nerve Ligation-induced Neuropathy Changes the Location and Function of Ca 2+ Channels and Cdk5 and Affects the Compound Action Potential in Adjacent Intact L4 Afferent Fibers. Neuroscience 2021; 471:20-31. [PMID: 34303780 PMCID: PMC8384716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels regulate multiple cell processes, including neurotransmitter release, and have been associated with several pathological conditions, such as neuropathic pain. Cdk5, a neuron-specific kinase, may phosphorylate CaV channels, altering their functional expression. During peripheral nerve injury, upregulation of CaV channels and Cdk5 in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the spinal cord, has been correlated with allodynia. We recently reported an increase in the amplitude of the C component of the compound action potential (cAP) of afferent fibers in animals with allodynia induced by L5-6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL), recorded in the corresponding dorsal roots. This was related to an increase in T-type (CaV3.2) channels generated by Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation. Here, we show that CaV channel functional expression is also altered in the L4 adjacent intact afferent fibers in rats with allodynia induced by L5-6 SNL. Western blot analysis showed that both Cdk5 and CaV3.2 total levels are not increased in the DRG L3-4, but their subcellular distribution changes by concentrating on the neuronal soma. Likewise, the Cdk5 inhibitor olomoucine affected the rapid and the slow C components of the cAP recorded in the dorsal roots. Patch-clamp recordings revealed an increase in T- and N-type currents recorded in the soma of acute isolated L3-4 sensory neurons after L5-6 SNL, which was prevented by olomoucine. These findings suggest changes in CaV channels location and function in L3-4 afferent fibers associated with Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation after L5-6 SNL, which may contribute to nerve injury-induced allodynia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Vargas-Parada
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Targeting T-type/CaV3.2 channels for chronic pain. Transl Res 2021; 234:20-30. [PMID: 33422652 PMCID: PMC8217081 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels regulate neuronal excitability and are important contributors of pain processing. CaV3.2 channels are the major isoform expressed in nonpeptidergic and peptidergic nociceptive neurons and are emerging as promising targets for pain treatment. Numerous studies have shown that CaV3.2 expression and/or activity are significantly increased in spinal dorsal horn and in dorsal root ganglia neurons in different inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Pharmacological campaigns to inhibit the functional expression of CaV3.2 for treatment of pain have focused on the development of direct channel blockers, but none have produced lead candidates. Targeting the proteins that regulate the trafficking or transcription, and the ones that modify the channels via post-translational modifications are alternative means to regulate expression and function of CaV3.2 channels and hence to develop new drugs to control pain. Here we synthesize data supporting a role for CaV3.2 in numerous pain modalities and then discuss emerging opportunities for the indirect targeting of CaV3.2 channels.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu YM, Feng Y, Liu YQ, Lv Y, Xiong YC, Ma K, Zhang XW, Liu JF, Jin Y, Bao HG, Yan M, Song T, Liu Q. Chinese Association for the Study of Pain: Expert consensus on chronic postsurgical pain. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:2090-2099. [PMID: 33850928 PMCID: PMC8017506 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i9.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain is a common surgical complication that severely reduces a patient’s quality of life. Many perioperative interventions and management strategies have been developed for reducing and managing chronic postsurgical pain. Under the leadership of the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain, an editorial committee was formed for chronic postsurgical pain diagnosis and treatment by experts in relevant fields. The editorial committee composed the main content and framework of this consensus and established a working group. The working group conducted literature review (1989-2020) using key words such as “surgery”, “post-surgical”, “post-operative”, “pain”, “chronic”, and “persistent” in different databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Only publications in the English language were included. The types of literature included systematic reviews, randomized controlled studies, cohort studies and case reports. This consensus was written based on clinical practice combined with literature evidence. The first draft of the consensus was rigorously reviewed and edited by all the editorial committee experts before being finalized. The level of evidence was assessed by methodological experts based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. The strength of recommendation was evaluated by all editorial committee experts, and the opinions of most experts were adopted as the final decision. The recommendation level “strong” generally refers to recommendations based on high-level evidence and consistency between clinical behavior and expected results. The recommendation level “weak” generally refers to the uncertainty between clinical behavior and expected results based on low-level evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Algology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Algology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- Department of Algology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Algology, Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan-Chang Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Algology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Feng Liu
- Department of Algology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Algology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Guang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Algology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Algology, The Affiliated T.C.M Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A modulator of the low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channel that reverses HIV glycoprotein 120-, paclitaxel-, and spinal nerve ligation-induced peripheral neuropathies. Pain 2021; 161:2551-2570. [PMID: 32541387 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated calcium channels CaV3.1-3.3 constitute the T-type subfamily, whose dysfunctions are associated with epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, and chronic pain. The unique properties of low-voltage-activation, faster inactivation, and slower deactivation of these channels support their role in modulation of cellular excitability and low-threshold firing. Thus, selective T-type calcium channel antagonists are highly sought after. Here, we explored Ugi-azide multicomponent reaction products to identify compounds targeting T-type calcium channel. Of the 46 compounds tested, an analog of benzimidazolonepiperidine-5bk (1-{1-[(R)-{1-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl}(thiophen-3-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-one) modulated depolarization-induced calcium influx in rat sensory neurons. Modulation of T-type calcium channels by 5bk was further confirmed in whole-cell patch clamp assays in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, where pharmacological isolation of T-type currents led to a time- and concentration-dependent regulation with a low micromolar IC50. Lack of an acute effect of 5bk argues against a direct action on T-type channels. Genetic knockdown revealed CaV3.2 to be the isoform preferentially modulated by 5bk. High voltage-gated calcium, as well as tetrodotoxin-sensitive and -resistant sodium, channels were unaffected by 5bk. 5bk inhibited spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and depolarization-evoked release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from lumbar spinal cord slices. Notably, 5bk did not bind human mu, delta, or kappa opioid receptors. 5bk reversed mechanical allodynia in rat models of HIV-associated neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, and spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathy, without effects on locomotion or anxiety. Thus, 5bk represents a novel T-type modulator that could be used to develop nonaddictive pain therapeutics.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang M, Thyagarajan B. Pain pathways and potential new targets for pain relief. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:110-123. [PMID: 33316085 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that affects a sizable percentage of people on a daily basis. Sensory neurons known as nociceptors built specifically to detect damaging stimuli can be found throughout the body. They transmit information about noxious stimuli from mechanical, thermal, and chemical sources to the central nervous system and higher brain centers via electrical signals. Nociceptors express various channels and receptors such as voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, and opioid receptors that allow them to respond in a highly specific manner to noxious stimuli. Attenuating the pain response can be achieved by inhibiting or altering the expression of these pain targets. Achieving a deeper understanding of how these receptors can be affected at the molecular level can lead to the development of novel pain therapies. This review will discuss the mechanisms of pain, introduce the various receptors that are responsible for detecting pain, and future directions in pharmacological therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Baskaran Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martínez-Hernández E, Zeglin A, Almazan E, Perissinotti P, He Y, Koob M, Martin JL, Piedras-Rentería ES. KLHL1 Controls Ca V3.2 Expression in DRG Neurons and Mechanical Sensitivity to Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:315. [PMID: 31969803 PMCID: PMC6960199 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons process pain signaling through specialized nociceptors located in their peripheral endings. It has long been established low voltage-activated (LVA) CaV3.2 calcium channels control neuronal excitability during sensory perception in these neurons. Silencing CaV3.2 activity with antisense RNA or genetic ablation results in anti-nociceptive, anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic effects. CaV3.2 channels are regulated by many proteins (Weiss and Zamponi, 2017), including KLHL1, a neuronal actin-binding protein that stabilizes channel activity by recycling it back to the plasma membrane through the recycling endosome. We explored whether manipulation of KLHL1 levels and thereby function as a CaV3.2 modifier can modulate DRG excitability and mechanical pain transmission or sensitivity to pain. We first assessed the mechanical sensitivity threshold and DRG properties in the KLHL1 KO mouse model. KO DRG neurons exhibited smaller T-type current density compared to WT without significant changes in voltage dependence, as expected in the absence of its modulator. Western blot analysis confirmed CaV3.2 but not CaV3.1, CaV3.3, CaV2.1, or CaV2.2 protein levels were significantly decreased; and reduced neuron excitability and decreased pain sensitivity were also found in the KLHL1 KO model. Analogously, transient down-regulation of KLHL1 levels in WT mice with viral delivery of anti-KLHL1 shRNA also resulted in decreased pain sensitivity. These two experimental approaches confirm KLHL1 as a physiological modulator of excitability and pain sensitivity, providing a novel target to control peripheral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Alissa Zeglin
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Erik Almazan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Paula Perissinotti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Yungui He
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael Koob
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jody L. Martin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Erika S. Piedras-Rentería
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Division of the Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cdk5-Dependent Phosphorylation of Ca V3.2 T-Type Channels: Possible Role in Nerve Ligation-Induced Neuropathic Allodynia and the Compound Action Potential in Primary Afferent C Fibers. J Neurosci 2019; 40:283-296. [PMID: 31744861 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0181-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated T-type Ca2+ (CaV3) channels regulate diverse physiological events, including neuronal excitability, and have been linked to several pathological conditions such as absence epilepsy, cardiovascular diseases, and neuropathic pain. It is also acknowledged that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinases A and C regulate the activity of T-type channels. Interestingly, peripheral nerve injury induces tactile allodynia and upregulates CaV3.2 channels and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn. Here, we report that recombinant CaV3.2 channels expressed in HEK293 cells are regulatory targets of Cdk5. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the relevant sites for this regulation are residues S561 and S1987. We also found that Cdk5 may regulate CaV3.2 channel functional expression in rats with mechanical allodynia induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Consequently, the Cdk5 inhibitor olomoucine affected the compound action potential recorded in the spinal nerves, as well as the paw withdrawal threshold. Likewise, Cdk5 expression was upregulated after SNL in the DRG. These findings unveil a novel mechanism for how phosphorylation may regulate CaV3.2 channels and suggest that increased channel activity by Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation after SNL contributes nerve injury-induced tactile allodynia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuropathic pain is a current public health challenge. It can develop as a result of injury or nerve illness. It is acknowledged that the expression of various ion channels can be altered in neuropathic pain, including T-type Ca2+ channels that are expressed in sensory neurons, where they play a role in the regulation of cellular excitability. The present work shows that the exacerbated expression of Cdk5 in a preclinical model of neuropathic pain increases the functional expression of CaV3.2 channels. This finding is relevant for the understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of the disease. Additionally, this work may have a substantial translational impact, since it describes a novel molecular pathway that could represent an interesting therapeutic alternative for neuropathic pain.
Collapse
|
18
|
Role of Dysregulated Ion Channels in Sensory Neurons in Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6040110. [PMID: 31766242 PMCID: PMC6963506 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: We investigated ion channels at the skin, including peripheral nerve endings, which serve as output machines and molecular integrators of many pruritic inputs mainly received by multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Methods: Based on the level of chronic kidney disease–associated pruritus (CKD-aP), subjects were divided into two groups: non-CKD-aP (no or slight pruritus; n = 12) and CKD-aP (mild, moderate, or severe pruritus; n = 11). Skin samples were obtained from the forearm or elbow during operations on arteriovenous fistulas. We measured ion channels expressed at the skin, including peripheral nerve endings by RT-PCR: Nav1.8, Kv1.4, Cav2.2, Cav3.2, BKCa, Anoctamin1, TRPV1, TRPA1, and ASIC. Results: Expression of Cav3.2, BKCa, and anoctamin1 was significantly elevated in patients with CKD-aP. On the other hand, expression of TRPV1 was significantly reduced in these patients. We observed no significant difference in the levels of Cav2.2 or ASIC between subjects with and without CKD-aP. TRPA1, Nav1.8, and Kv1.4 were not expressed. Conclusions: It was concluded that this greater difference in the expression of ion channels in the skin tissue including, specially cutaneous peripheral nerve endings in CKD patients with CKD-aP may increase generator potential related to itching.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li M, Zhang SJ, Yang L, Fang XL, Hu HF, Zhao MY, Li L, Guo YY, Shao JP. Voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 expression decreases in dorsal root ganglia in a spinal nerve ligation neuropathic pain model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:493-500. [PMID: 31087766 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) is unclear in models of neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. In the present study, we measured expression levels of Nav1.7 in two distinct neuropathic pain models: spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and chronic constriction injury (CCI). In the SNL model, both mRNA and protein levels of Nav1.7 were markedly lower in the L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) but were significantly higher in the L4 DRG. Nav1.7 protein levels were notably higher in both L4 and L5 DRGs under CCI conditions. We found that excessive damage of L5 nerves such as SNL reduced expression levels of Nav1.7 in the injured L5 DRG and activated the adjacent uninjured DRG, resulting in Nav1.7 level increases in the adjacent L4 DRG. We confirmed again that Nav1.7 was closely related to neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. More importantly, our results suggest that tracing the molecular changes exclusively in the L5 DRG in SNL model may not completely explain the pain mechanism; it is necessary to study the adjacent uninjured L4 DRG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shao-Jin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Fang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao-Fan Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Shao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng XE, Ma LX, Feng XJ, Zhu MY, Zhang DY, Xu LL, Liu T. Antigen retrieval pre-treatment causes a different expression pattern of Cav3.2 in rat and mouse spinal dorsal horn. Eur J Histochem 2019; 63. [PMID: 30678436 PMCID: PMC6346256 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2019.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav3 channels consist of three isoforms, Cav3.1 (α1G), Cav3.2 (α1H), and Cav3.3 (α1I), which produce low-threshold spikes that trigger burst firings in nociceptive neurons of the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Although Cav3.2 plays a crucial role in pathological pain, it is distribution in SDH still remains controversial. One study showed that Cav3.2 is ubiquitously expressed in neurons, but another study implied that Cav3.2 is expressed restricted to astrocytes. To unravel these discrepancies, we used methods of immunohistochemistry either with or without antigen retrieval (AR) pre-treatment to detect Cav3 in SDH and DRG from both rats and mice. Moreover, Cav3.2 mRNA was detected in mice SDH using in situ hybridization. We found that the expression pattern of Cav3.2 but not Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 in SDH were largely different with or without AR pre-treatment, which showed a neuron- like and an astrocyte-like appearance, respectively. Double staining further demonstrated that Cav3.2 was mainly costained with the neuronal marker NeuN in the presence of AR but was with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, marker for astrocytes) in the absence of AR pre-treatment. Importantly, Cav3.2 mRNA was mainly colocalized with Cav3.2 but not GFAP. Together, our findings indicate that AR pretreatment or not impacts the expression pattern of Cav3.2, which may make a significant contribution to the future study of Cav3.2 in SDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao E Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Center for Experimental Medicine.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|