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Sternberg Z. Neurodegenerative Etiology of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency: a Novel Concept for Expanding Treatment Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2996-3018. [PMID: 37953352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADC-DY) is caused by one or more mutations in the DDC gene, resulting in the deficit in catecholamines and serotonin neurotransmitters. The disease has limited therapeutic options with relatively poor clinical outcomes. Accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of neurodegenerative mechanisms in the etiology of AADC-DY. In the absence of neurotransmitters' neuroprotective effects, the accumulation and the chronic presence of several neurotoxic metabolites including 4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, 3-methyldopa, and homocysteine, in the brain of subjects with AADC-DY, promote oxidative stress and reduce the cellular antioxidant and methylation capacities, leading to glial activation and mitochondrial dysfunction, culminating to neuronal injury and death. These pathophysiological processes have the potential to hinder the clinical efficacy of treatments aimed at increasing neurotransmitters' synthesis and or function. This review describes in detail the mechanisms involved in AADC-DY neurodegenerative etiology, highlighting the close similarities with those involved in other neurodegenerative diseases. We then offer novel strategies for the treatment of the disease with the objective to either reduce the level of the metabolites or counteract their prooxidant and neurotoxic effects. These treatment modalities used singly or in combination, early in the course of the disease, will minimize neuronal injury, preserving the functional integrity of neurons, hence improving the clinical outcomes of both conventional and unconventional interventions in AADC-DY. These modalities may not be limited to AADC-DY but also to other metabolic disorders where a specific mutation leads to the accumulation of prooxidant and neurotoxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohi Sternberg
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo Medical Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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2
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Elabi OF, Pass R, Sormonta I, Nolbrant S, Drummond N, Kirkeby A, Kunath T, Parmar M, Lane EL. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Grafts Alleviate L-DOPA Induced Dyskinesia. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1881-1896. [PMID: 35466951 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-in-human studies to test the efficacy and safety of human embryonic stem cells (hESC)-derived dopaminergic cells in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are imminent. Pre-clinical studies using hESC-derived dopamine neuron transplants in rat models have indicated that the benefits parallel those shown with fetal tissue but have thus far failed to consider how ongoing L-DOPA administration might impact on the graft. OBJECTIVE To determine whether L-DOPA impacts on survival and functional recovery following grafting of hESC-derived dopaminergic neurons. METHODS Unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned rats were administered with either saline or L-DOPA prior to, and for 18 weeks following surgical implantation of dopaminergic neural progenitors derived from RC17 hESCs according to two distinct protocols in independent laboratories. RESULTS Grafts from both protocols elicited reduction in amphetamine-induced rotations. Reduced L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia preceded the improvement in amphetamine-induced rotations. Furthermore, L-DOPA had no effect on overall survival (HuNu) or dopaminergic neuron content of the graft (TH positive cells) but did lead to an increase in the number of GIRK2 positive neurons. CONCLUSION Critically, we found that L-DOPA was not detrimental to graft function, potentially enhancing graft maturation and promoting an A9 phenotype. Early improvement of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia suggests that grafts may support the handling of exogenously supplied dopamine earlier than improvements in amphetamine-induced behaviours indicate. Given that one of the protocols will be employed in the production of cells for the European STEM-PD clinical trial, this is vital information for the management of patients and achieving optimal outcomes following transplantation of hESC-derived grafts for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama F Elabi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel Pass
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Irene Sormonta
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sara Nolbrant
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicola Drummond
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Agnete Kirkeby
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience and The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tilo Kunath
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma L Lane
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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3
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Kaur D, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Badavath VN, Ul Hassan SS, Hasan MM, Bhatia S, Al-Harassi A, Khan H, Bungau S. Unravelling the potential neuroprotective facets of erythropoietin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1-16. [PMID: 34436747 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last three decades, recombinant DNA technology has produced a wide range of hematopoietic and neurotrophic growth factors, including erythropoietin (EPO), which has emerged as a promising protein drug in the treatment of several diseases. Cumulative studies have recently indicated the neuroprotective role of EPO in preclinical models of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative illnesses in the elderly, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-ß (Aß) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which serve as the disease's two hallmarks. Unfortunately, AD lacks a successful treatment strategy due to its multifaceted and complex pathology. Various clinical studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have been conducted to identify the various mechanisms by which erythropoietin exerts its neuroprotective effects. The results of clinical trials in patients with AD are also promising. Herein, it is summarized and reviews all such studies demonstrating erythropoietin's potential therapeutic benefits as a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | | | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harassi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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4
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Steele JR, Strange N, Rodgers KJ, Padula MP. A Novel Method for Creating a Synthetic L-DOPA Proteome and In Vitro Evidence of Incorporation. Proteomes 2021; 9:24. [PMID: 34073856 PMCID: PMC8162537 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinopathies are protein misfolding diseases that have an underlying factor that affects the conformation of proteoforms. A factor hypothesised to play a role in these diseases is the incorporation of non-protein amino acids into proteins, with a key example being the therapeutic drug levodopa. The presence of levodopa as a protein constituent has been explored in several studies, but it has not been examined in a global proteomic manner. This paper provides a proof-of-concept method for enzymatically creating levodopa-containing proteins using the enzyme tyrosinase and provides spectral evidence of in vitro incorporation in addition to the induction of the unfolded protein response due to levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Ricky Steele
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Natalie Strange
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Kenneth J. Rodgers
- Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
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5
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Lee J, Vernet A, Gruber NG, Kready KM, Burrill DR, Way JC, Silver PA. Rational engineering of an erythropoietin fusion protein to treat hypoxia. Protein Eng Des Sel 2021; 34:6414420. [PMID: 34725710 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin enhances oxygen delivery and reduces hypoxia-induced cell death, but its pro-thrombotic activity is problematic for use of erythropoietin in treating hypoxia. We constructed a fusion protein that stimulates red blood cell production and neuroprotection without triggering platelet production, a marker for thrombosis. The protein consists of an anti-glycophorin A nanobody and an erythropoietin mutant (L108A). The mutation reduces activation of erythropoietin receptor homodimers that induce erythropoiesis and thrombosis, but maintains the tissue-protective signaling. The binding of the nanobody element to glycophorin A rescues homodimeric erythropoietin receptor activation on red blood cell precursors. In a cell proliferation assay, the fusion protein is active at 10-14 M, allowing an estimate of the number of receptor-ligand complexes needed for signaling. This fusion protein stimulates erythroid cell proliferation in vitro and in mice, and shows neuroprotective activity in vitro. Our erythropoietin fusion protein presents a novel molecule for treating hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andyna Vernet
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie G Gruber
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Kasia M Kready
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devin R Burrill
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Way
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pamela A Silver
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Neuroprotective potential of chrysin in Parkinson's disease: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Neurochem Int 2020; 132:104612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Choi H, Koh SH. Understanding the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 14:83-90. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1417387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Hernández CC, Burgos CF, Gajardo AH, Silva-Grecchi T, Gavilan J, Toledo JR, Fuentealba J. Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on neurodegenerative and ischemic brain diseases: the role of erythropoietin receptor. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1381-1389. [PMID: 29089974 PMCID: PMC5649449 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.215240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a fundamental hormone in the regulation of hematopoiesis, and other secondary roles mediated by the binding of the hormone to its specific receptor (EpoR), which leads to an activation of key signaling pathways that induce an increase in cell differentiation, apoptosis control and neuroprotection. It has been suggested that their function depends on final conformation of glycosylations, related with affinity to the receptor and its half-life. The presence of EpoR has been reported in different tissues including central nervous system, where it has been demonstrated to exert a neuroprotective function against oxidative stress conditions, such as ischemic injury and neurodegenerative diseases. There is also evidence of an increase in EpoR expression in brain cell lysates of Alzheimer's patients with respect to healthy patients. These results are related with extensive in vitro experimental data of neuroprotection obtained from cell lines, primary cell cultures and hippocampal slices. Additionally, this data is correlated with in vivo experiments (water maze test) in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease where Epo treatment improved cognitive function. These studies support the idea that receptor activation induces a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative disorders including dementias, and especially Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, available evidence suggests that Epo appears to be a central element for EpoR activation and neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms associated with neuroprotection and its relation with the activation of EpoR in order with identify new targets to develop pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castillo Hernández
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Felipe Burgos
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angela Hidalgo Gajardo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Javiera Gavilan
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Roberto Toledo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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9
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Jiang CJ, Wang ZJ, Zhao YJ, Zhang ZY, Tao JJ, Ma JY. Erythropoietin reduces apoptosis of brain tissue cells in rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: a characteristic analysis using magnetic resonance imaging. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1450-1455. [PMID: 27857749 PMCID: PMC5090848 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.191219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some in vitro experiments have shown that erythropoietin (EPO) increases resistance to apoptosis and facilitates neuronal survival following cerebral ischemia. However, results from in vivo studies are rarely reported. Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been applied successfully to distinguish acute cerebral ischemic necrosis and penumbra in living animals; therefore, we hypothesized that PWI and DWI could be used to provide imaging evidence in vivo for the conclusion that EPO could reduce apoptosis in brain areas injured by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. To validate this hypothesis, we established a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and treated with intra-cerebroventricular injection of EPO (5,000 U/kg) 20 minutes before injury. Brain tissue in the ischemic injury zone was sampled using MRI-guided localization. The relative area of abnormal tissue, changes in PWI and DWI in the ischemic injury zone, and the number of apoptotic cells based on TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) were assessed. Our findings demonstrate that EPO reduces the relative area of abnormally high signal in PWI and DWI, increases cerebral blood volume, and decreases the number of apoptotic cells positive for TUNEL in the area injured by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The experiment provides imaging evidence in vivo for EPO treating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-juan Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Wuxi Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong-juan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Wuxi Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-jun Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Wuxi Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhui-yang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Wuxi Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-jing Tao
- Department of Radiology, Wuxi Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-yong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Wuxi Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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Paul R, Borah A. L-DOPA-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in Parkinson's disease: Elephant in the room. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1989-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Tahamtan M, Moosavi SM, Sheibani V, Nayebpour M, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Shabani M. Erythropoietin attenuates motor impairments induced by bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:502-510. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Tahamtan
- Neuroscience Research Center; Neuropharmacology Institute; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Kerman Iran
| | - Seyed M.S. Moosavi
- Department of Physiology; The Medical School; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center; Neuropharmacology Institute; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Kerman Iran
| | | | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Neuroscience Research Center; Neuropharmacology Institute; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Kerman Iran
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center; Neuropharmacology Institute; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Kerman Iran
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12
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Abstract
Globally, greater than 30 million individuals are afflicted with disorders of the nervous system accompanied by tens of thousands of new cases annually with limited, if any, treatment options. Erythropoietin (EPO) offers an exciting and novel therapeutic strategy to address both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. EPO governs a number of critical protective and regenerative mechanisms that can impact apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death pathways through protein kinase B (Akt), sirtuins, mammalian forkhead transcription factors, and wingless signaling. Translation of the cytoprotective pathways of EPO into clinically effective treatments for some neurodegenerative disorders has been promising, but additional work is necessary. In particular, development of new treatments with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as EPO brings several important challenges that involve detrimental vascular outcomes and tumorigenesis. Future work that can effectively and safely harness the complexity of the signaling pathways of EPO will be vital for the fruitful treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101
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13
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Maiese K. Erythropoietin and diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:1259-1273. [PMID: 26516410 PMCID: PMC4620106 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i14.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a 30.4 kDa growth factor and cytokine that governs cell proliferation, immune modulation, metabolic homeostasis, vascular function, and cytoprotection. EPO is under investigation for the treatment of variety of diseases, but appears especially suited for the treatment of disorders of metabolism that include diabetes mellitus (DM). DM and the complications of this disease impact a significant portion of the global population leading to disability and death with currently limited therapeutic options. In addition to its utility for the treatment of anemia, EPO can improve cardiac function, reduce fatigue, and improve cognition in patients with DM as well as regulate cellular energy metabolism, obesity, tissue repair and regeneration, apoptosis, and autophagy in experimental models of DM. Yet, EPO can have adverse effects that involve the vasculature system and unchecked cellular proliferation. Critical to the cytoprotective capacity and the potential for a positive clinical outcome with EPO are the control of signal transduction pathways that include protein kinase B, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, Wnt signaling, mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the O class, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and AMP activated protein kinase. Therapeutic strategies that can specifically target and control EPO and its signaling pathways hold great promise for the development of new and effective clinical treatments for DM and the complications of this disorder.
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14
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Jang W, Kim HJ, Li H, Jo KD, Lee MK, Yang HO. The Neuroprotective Effect of Erythropoietin on Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells Through the Induction of Autophagy. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3812-3821. [PMID: 26156288 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the autophagy pathway is thought to be important for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and the modulation of autophagy may be a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been reported to have neuroprotective effects through anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and it has also been shown to modulate autophagy signaling in an oxygen toxicity model. Therefore, we investigated the effects of EPO on autophagy markers and evaluated its neuroprotective effect on rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. We adapted the rotenone-induced neurotoxicity model to SH-SY5Y cells as an in vitro model of PD. We measured cell viability using MTT and annexin V/propidium iodide assays and measured intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to measure the expression of LC3 and α-synuclein. Intracellular signaling proteins associated with autophagy were examined by immunoblot analysis. EPO mono-treatment increased the levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-independent/upstream autophagy markers, including Beclin-1, AMPK, and ULK-1. Rotenone treatment of SH-SY5Y cells reduced their viability, increased reactive oxygen species levels, and induced apoptosis and α-synuclein expression, and simultaneous exposure to EPO significantly reduced these effects. Rotenone enhanced mTOR expression and suppressed Beclin-1 expression, indicating suppression of the autophagy system. However, combined treatment with EPO restored Beclin-1 expression and decreased mTOR expression. EPO protects against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by enhancing autophagy-related signaling pathways. The experimental evidence for the EPO-induced neuroprotection against rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity may significantly impact the development of future PD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Jang
- Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Bangdong-ri, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 210-711, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Research Center, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Bangdong-ri, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, 210-711, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Ju Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung, 210-340, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Center, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Bangdong-ri, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, 210-711, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Huan Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung, 210-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Deog Jo
- Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Bangdong-ri, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 210-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Bangdong-ri, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 210-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung, 210-340, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Aghaei I, Nazeri M, Shabani M, Mossavinasab M, Mirhosseini FK, Nayebpour M, Dalili A. Erythropoietin ameliorates the motor and cognitive function impairments in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:197-204. [PMID: 25115607 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious consequence of hepatic cirrhosis (HC). Previous studies have demonstrated cognitive impairments in both clinical and animal experiments of HC. Some potential therapeutic agents have been used to alleviate the cognitive symptoms in the animal models of HC. In the current study, the possible effect of erythropoietin (ERY) as a potent neuroprotective agent on motor and cognitive impairments induced by HC has been studied. Male Wistar rats (180-200 g) underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham surgery. Administration of ERY (5,000 IU/kg, i.p., daily for three days) was initiated 2 weeks after surgery and lasted for the next 28 days. Open field, rotarod, Morris water maze and passive avoidance learning was used to evaluate the motor and cognitive function of the animals. ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. BDL rats had an increased level of hepatic enzymes and bilirubin. Impairment of balance function by BDL was reversed by ERY. Spatial and passive avoidance learning impairments observed in BDL rats were also reversed by chronic administration of ERY. ERY can be offered as a potential neuroprotective agent in the treatment of patients with HC that manifest mental dysfunctions. Though further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms, the neuroprotective properties of ERY against BDL impairments were demonstrated in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Aghaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Mu Y, Cui S, Yao Q, Maiese K. Targeting erythropoietin for chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:707-20. [PMID: 23510463 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.780599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since erythropoietin (EPO) and EPO receptor (EPOR) are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) beyond hematopoietic system, EPO illustrates a robust biological function in maintaining neuronal survival and regulating neurogenesis and may play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases. AREAS COVERED EPO is capable of modulating multiple cellular signal transduction pathways to promote neuronal survival and enhance the proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. Initially, EPO binds to EPOR to activate the Janus-tyrosine kinase 2 (Jak2) protein followed by modulation of protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin, signal transducer and activators of transcription 5, mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein tyrosine phosphatases, Wnt1 and nuclear factor κB. As a result, EPO may actively prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and motor neuron diseases. EXPERT OPINION Novel knowledge of the cell signaling pathways regulated by EPO in the CNS will allow us to establish the foundation for the development of therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative diseases. Further investigation of the role of EPO in neurodegenerative diseases can not only formulate EPO as a therapeutic candidate, but also further identify novel therapeutic targets for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Cancer Center, New Jersey NJ 07103, USA.
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S, Maiese K. Shedding new light on neurodegenerative diseases through the mammalian target of rapamycin. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:128-48. [PMID: 22980037 PMCID: PMC3479314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders affect a significant portion of the world's population leading to either disability or death for almost 30 million individuals worldwide. One novel therapeutic target that may offer promise for multiple disease entities that involve Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, trauma, stroke, and tumors of the nervous system is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR signaling is dependent upon the mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes that are composed of mTOR and several regulatory proteins including the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1, hamartin/TSC2, tuberin). Through a number of integrated cell signaling pathways that involve those of mTORC1 and mTORC2 as well as more novel signaling tied to cytokines, Wnt, and forkhead, mTOR can foster stem cellular proliferation, tissue repair and longevity, and synaptic growth by modulating mechanisms that foster both apoptosis and autophagy. Yet, mTOR through its proliferative capacity may sometimes be detrimental to central nervous system recovery and even promote tumorigenesis. Further knowledge of mTOR and the critical pathways governed by this serine/threonine protein kinase can bring new light for neurodegeneration and other related diseases that currently require new and robust treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S, Maiese K. PRAS40 is an integral regulatory component of erythropoietin mTOR signaling and cytoprotection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45456. [PMID: 23029019 PMCID: PMC3445503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging strategies that center upon the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling for neurodegenerative disorders may bring effective treatment for a number of difficult disease entities. Here we show that erythropoietin (EPO), a novel agent for nervous system disorders, prevents apoptotic SH-SY5Y cell injury in an oxidative stress model of oxygen-glucose deprivation through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI 3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt) dependent activation of mTOR signaling and phosphorylation of the downstream pathways of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), and proline rich Akt substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40). PRAS40 is an important regulatory component either alone or in conjunction with EPO signal transduction that can determine cell survival through apoptotic caspase 3 activation. EPO and the PI 3-K/Akt pathways control cell survival and mTOR activity through the inhibitory post-translational phosphorylation of PRAS40 that leads to subcellular binding of PRAS40 to the cytoplasmic docking protein 14-3-3. However, modulation and phosphorylation of PRAS40 is independent of other protective pathways of EPO that involve extracellular signal related kinase (ERK 1/2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5). Our studies highlight EPO and PRAS40 signaling in the mTOR pathway as potential therapeutic strategies for development against degenerative disorders that lead to cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
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Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S. Erythropoietin: new directions for the nervous system. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11102-11129. [PMID: 23109841 PMCID: PMC3472733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New treatment strategies with erythropoietin (EPO) offer exciting opportunities to prevent the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders that currently lack effective therapy and can progress to devastating disability in patients. EPO and its receptor are present in multiple systems of the body and can impact disease progression in the nervous, vascular, and immune systems that ultimately affect disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, retinal injury, stroke, and demyelinating disease. EPO relies upon wingless signaling with Wnt1 and an intimate relationship with the pathways of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K), protein kinase B (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Modulation of these pathways by EPO can govern the apoptotic cascade to control β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, mitochondrial permeability, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Yet, EPO and each of these downstream pathways require precise biological modulation to avert complications associated with the vascular system, tumorigenesis, and progression of nervous system disorders. Further understanding of the intimate and complex relationship of EPO and the signaling pathways of Wnt, PI 3-K, Akt, and mTOR are critical for the effective clinical translation of these cell pathways into robust treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Center, F 1220, New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.C.); (Y.C.S.); (S.W.)
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
| | - Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Center, F 1220, New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.C.); (Y.C.S.); (S.W.)
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
| | - Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Center, F 1220, New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.C.); (Y.C.S.); (S.W.)
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Center, F 1220, New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.C.); (Y.C.S.); (S.W.)
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
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Shang YC, Chong ZZ, Wang S, Maiese K. Prevention of β-amyloid degeneration of microglia by erythropoietin depends on Wnt1, the PI 3-K/mTOR pathway, Bad, and Bcl-xL. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4:187-201. [PMID: 22388478 PMCID: PMC3348479 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system microglia promote neuronal regeneration and sequester toxic β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition during Alzheimer's disease. We show that the cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) decreases the toxic effect of Aβ on microgliain vitro. EPO up-regulates the cysteine-rich glycosylated wingless protein Wnt1 and activates the PI 3-K/Akt1/mTOR/ p70S6K pathway. This in turn increases phosphorylation and cytosol trafficking of Bad, reduces the Bad/Bcl-xL complex and increases the Bcl-xL/Bax complex, thus preventing caspase 1 and caspase 3 activation and apoptosis. Our data may foster development of novel strategies to use cytoprotectants such as EPO for Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
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