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Chang JC, Chang HS, Chao YC, Huang CS, Lin CH, Wu ZS, Chang HJ, Liu CS, Chuang CS. Formoterol Acting via β2-Adrenoreceptor Restores Mitochondrial Dysfunction Caused by Parkinson's Disease-Related UQCRC1 Mutation and Improves Mitochondrial Homeostasis Including Dynamic and Transport. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:231. [PMID: 38666843 PMCID: PMC11048601 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Formoterol, a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist, shows promise in various diseases, but its effectiveness in Parkinson's disease (PD) is debated, with unclear regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. This study employed a cell model featuring mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) variants associated with familial parkinsonism, demonstrating mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic imbalance, exploring the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of formoterol. Results revealed that 24-h formoterol treatment enhanced cell proliferation, viability, and neuroprotection against oxidative stress. Mitochondrial function, encompassing DNA copy number, repatriation, and complex III-linked respiration, was comprehensively restored, along with the dynamic rebalance of fusion/fission events. Formoterol reduced extensive hypertubulation, in contrast to mitophagy, by significantly upregulating protein Drp-1, in contrast to fusion protein Mfn2, mitophagy-related protein Parkin. The upstream mechanism involved the restoration of ERK signaling and the inhibition of Akt overactivity, contingent on the activation of β2-adrenergic receptors. Formoterol additionally aided in segregating healthy mitochondria for distribution and transport, therefore normalizing mitochondrial arrangement in mutant cells. This study provides preliminary evidence that formoterol offers neuroprotection, acting as a mitochondrial dynamic balance regulator, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chih Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Shin Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chao
- Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Huang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Zhong-Sheng Wu
- Department of General Research Laboratory of Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Sen Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Dai X, Li H, Jiang H, Zhou J, Zhang S, Guo J, Shen L, Yang H, Lin J, Yan H. The role of mitochondrial dynamics in disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e462. [PMID: 38156294 PMCID: PMC10753647 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted and dynamic organelles regulating various important cellular processes from signal transduction to determining cell fate. As dynamic properties of mitochondria, fusion and fission accompanied with mitophagy, undergo constant changes in number and morphology to sustain mitochondrial homeostasis in response to cell context changes. Thus, the dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy is unsurprisingly related with various diseases, but the unclear underlying mechanism hinders their clinical application. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, particularly the different roles of key components in mitochondrial dynamics in different context. We also summarize the roles of mitochondrial dynamics and target treatment in diseases related to the cardiovascular system, nervous system, respiratory system, and tumor cell metabolism demanding high-energy. In these diseases, it is common that excessive mitochondrial fission is dominant and accompanied by impaired fusion and mitophagy. But there have been many conflicting findings about them recently, which are specifically highlighted in this view. We look forward that these findings will help broaden our understanding of the roles of the mitochondrial dynamics in diseases and will be beneficial to the discovery of novel selective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Wang
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryQinghai Tibet Plateau Research InstituteSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xinyan Dai
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryQinghai Tibet Plateau Research InstituteSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hui Li
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Junfu Zhou
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryQinghai Tibet Plateau Research InstituteSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryQinghai Tibet Plateau Research InstituteSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lidu Shen
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huantao Yang
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryQinghai Tibet Plateau Research InstituteSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jie Lin
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hengxiu Yan
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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3
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Mukkala AN, Jerkic M, Khan Z, Szaszi K, Kapus A, Rotstein O. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Require Mitochondrial Transfer and Quality Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15788. [PMID: 37958771 PMCID: PMC10647450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their beneficial effects in an array of diseases, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the focus of intense preclinical research and clinical implementation for decades. MSCs have multilineage differentiation capacity, support hematopoiesis, secrete pro-regenerative factors and exert immunoregulatory functions promoting homeostasis and the resolution of injury/inflammation. The main effects of MSCs include modulation of immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and transfer of mitochondria (Mt) to injured cells. These actions can be enhanced by priming (i.e., licensing) MSCs prior to exposure to deleterious microenvironments. Preclinical evidence suggests that MSCs can exert therapeutic effects in a variety of pathological states, including cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, renal, and neurological diseases. One of the key emerging beneficial actions of MSCs is the improvement of mitochondrial functions in the injured tissues by enhancing mitochondrial quality control (MQC). Recent advances in the understanding of cellular MQC, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fission, and fusion, helped uncover how MSCs enhance these processes. Specifically, MSCs have been suggested to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α)-dependent biogenesis, Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and Mitofusins (Mfn1/2) or Dynamin Related Protein-1 (Drp1)-mediated fission/fusion. In addition, previous studies also verified mitochondrial transfer from MSCs through tunneling nanotubes and via microvesicular transport. Combined, these effects improve mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the resolution of injury and inflammation. Thus, uncovering how MSCs affect MQC opens new therapeutic avenues for organ injury, and the transplantation of MSC-derived mitochondria to injured tissues might represent an attractive new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Naraiah Mukkala
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mirjana Jerkic
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
| | - Zahra Khan
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Katalin Szaszi
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Ori Rotstein
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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4
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Yang SG, Bae JW, Park HJ, Koo DB. Mito-TEMPO protects preimplantation porcine embryos against mitochondrial fission-driven apoptosis through DRP1/PINK1-mediated mitophagy. Life Sci 2023; 315:121333. [PMID: 36608867 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mdivi-1 (Md-1) is a well-known inhibitor of mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. The mitochondrial superoxide scavenger Mito-TEMPO (MT) exerts positive effects on the developmental competence of pig embryos. This study aimed to explore the adverse effects of Md-1 on developmental capacity in porcine embryos and the protective effects of MT against Md-1-induced injury. MAIN METHODS We exposed porcine embryos to Md-1 (10 and 50 μM) for 2 days after in vitro fertilization (IVF). MT (0.1 μM) treatment was applied for 4 days after exposing embryos to Md-1. We assessed blastocyst development, DNA damage, mitochondrial superoxide production, and mitochondrial distribution using TUNEL assay, Mito-SOX, and Mito-tracker, respectively. Subsequently, the expression of PINK1, DRP1, and p-DRP1Ser616 was evaluated via immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS Md-1 compromised the developmental competence of blastocysts. Apoptosis and mitochondrial superoxide production were significantly upregulated in 50 μM Md-1-treated embryos, accompanied by a downregulation of p-DRP1Ser616, PINK1, and LC3B levels and lower mitophagy activity at the blastocyst stage. We confirmed the protective effects of MT against the detrimental effect of Md-1 on blastocyst developmental competence, mitochondrial fission, and DRP1/PINK1-mediated mitophagy activation. Eventually, MT recovered DRP1/PINK1-mediated mitophagy and mitochondrial fission by inhibiting superoxide production in Md-1-treated embryos. SIGNIFICANCE MT protects against detrimental effects of Md-1 on porcine embryos by suppressing superoxide production. These findings expand available scientific knowledge on improving outcomes of IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Gi Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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P2X7 Receptor and Purinergic Signaling: Orchestrating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases. eNeuro 2022; 9:9/6/ENEURO.0092-22.2022. [PMID: 36376084 PMCID: PMC9665882 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0092-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the basic hallmarks of cellular pathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Since the metabolic activity of neurons is highly dependent on energy supply, nerve cells are especially vulnerable to impaired mitochondrial function. Besides providing oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are also involved in controlling levels of second messengers such as Ca2+ ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the critical role of mitochondria as producers of ROS is closely related to P2XR purinergic receptors, the activity of which is modulated by free radicals. Here, we review the relationships between the purinergic signaling system and affected mitochondrial function. Purinergic signaling regulates numerous vital biological processes in the CNS. The two main purines, ATP and adenosine, act as excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, respectively. Current evidence suggests that purinergic signaling best explains how neuronal activity is related to neuronal electrical activity and energy homeostasis, especially in the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the involvement of the P2RX7 purinoreceptor in triggering mitochondrial dysfunction during the development of neurodegenerative disorders. We also summarize various avenues by which the purine signaling pathway may trigger metabolic dysfunction contributing to neuronal death and the inflammatory activation of glial cells. Finally, we discuss the potential role of the purinergic system in the search for new therapeutic approaches to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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6
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Lawrence GMEP, Holley CL, Schroder K. Parkinson's disease: connecting mitochondria to inflammasomes. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:877-885. [PMID: 36229358 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activated microglia foster a neurotoxic, inflammatory environment in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that drives the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, mitochondrial fission promotes microglial inflammatory responses in vitro. Given that the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondria are central regulators of both inflammation and PD, we explore potential functions for the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial dynamics in PD. Specifically, we propose that inducible microglial mitochondrial fission can promote NLRP3-dependent neuroinflammation in hereditary and idiopathic PD. Further in-depth exploration of this topic can prompt valuable discoveries of the underlying molecular mechanisms of PD neuroinflammation, identify novel candidate anti-inflammatory therapeutics for PD, and ideally provide better outcomes for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M E P Lawrence
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Caroline L Holley
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Bhatti GK, Gupta A, Pahwa P, Khullar N, Singh S, Navik U, Kumar S, Mastana SS, Reddy AP, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Targeting Mitochondrial bioenergetics as a promising therapeutic strategy in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed J 2022; 45:733-748. [PMID: 35568318 PMCID: PMC9661512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the organelles that generate energy for the cells and act as biosynthetic and bioenergetic factories, vital for normal cell functioning and human health. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is considered an important measure to assess the pathogenesis of various diseases. Dysfunctional mitochondria affect or cause several conditions involving the most energy-intensive organs, including the brain, muscles, heart, and liver. This dysfunction may be attributed to an alteration in mitochondrial enzymes, increased oxidative stress, impairment of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, or mutations in mitochondrial DNA that leads to the pathophysiology of various pathological conditions, including neurological and metabolic disorders. The drugs or compounds targeting mitochondria are considered more effective and safer for treating these diseases. In this review, we make an effort to concise the available literature on mitochondrial bioenergetics in various conditions and the therapeutic potential of various drugs/compounds targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali Punjab, India.
| | - Anshika Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Paras Pahwa
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India.
| | - Satwinder Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Park GH, Park JH, Chung KC. Precise control of mitophagy through ubiquitin proteasome system and deubiquitin proteases and their dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 34674795 PMCID: PMC8728543 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly population and is caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. PD has been predominantly attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. The structural alteration of α-synuclein triggers toxic oligomer formation in the neurons, which greatly contributes to PD. In this article, we discuss the role of several familial PD-related proteins, such as α-synuclein, DJ-1, LRRK2, PINK1, and parkin in mitophagy, which entails a selective degradation of mitochondria via autophagy. Defective changes in mitochondrial dynamics and their biochemical and functional interaction induce the formation of toxic α-synuclein-containing protein aggregates in PD. In addition, these gene products play an essential role in ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS)-mediated proteolysis as well as mitophagy. Interestingly, a few deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) additionally modulate these two pathways negatively or positively. Based on these findings, we summarize the close relationship between several DUBs and the precise modulation of mitophagy. For example, the USP8, USP10, and USP15, among many DUBs are reported to specifically regulate the K48- or K63-linked de-ubiquitination reactions of several target proteins associated with the mitophagic process, in turn upregulating the mitophagy and protecting neuronal cells from α-synuclein-derived toxicity. In contrast, USP30 inhibits mitophagy by opposing parkin-mediated ubiquitination of target proteins. Furthermore, the association between these changes and PD pathogenesis will be discussed. Taken together, although the functional roles of several PD-related genes have yet to be fully understood, they are substantially associated with mitochondrial quality control as well as UPS. Therefore, a better understanding of their relationship provides valuable therapeutic clues for appropriate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hyun Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Joon Hyung Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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9
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Zhang T, Li J, Zhao G. Quality Control Mechanisms of Mitochondria: Another Important Target for Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1513-1527. [PMID: 34851723 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria provide energy for various cellular activities and are involved in the regulating of several physiological and pathological processes. Mitochondria constitute a dynamic network regulated by numerous quality control mechanisms; for example, division is necessary for mitochondria to develop, and fusion dilutes toxins produced by the mitochondria. Mitophagy removes damaged mitochondria. The etiologies of peripheral neuropathy include congenital and acquired diseases, and the pathogenesis varies; however, oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial damage is the accepted pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy. Regulation and control of mitochondrial quality might point the way toward potential treatments for peripheral neuropathy. This article will review mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, their involvement in peripheral nerve diseases, and their potential therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Zhang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jiannan Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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10
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Liang C, Sun M, Zhong J, Miao C, Han X. The Role of Pink1-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway in Propofol-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2226-2237. [PMID: 34014489 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying propofol-induced toxicity in developing neurons are still unclear. The aim of present study was to explore the role of Pink1 mediated mitochondria pathway in propofol-induced developmental neurotoxicity. The primary Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) were isolated from the hippocampus of E15.5 mice embryos and then treated with propofol. The effects of propofol on proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, mitochondria ultrastructure and MMP of NSCs were investigated. In addition, the abundance of Pink1 and a group of mitochondria related proteins in the cytoplasm and/or mitochondria were investigated, which mainly included CDK1, Drp1, Parkin1, DJ-1, Mfn1, Mfn2 and OPA1. Moreover, the relationship between Pink1 and these molecules was explored using gene silencing, or pretreatment with protein inhibitors. Finally, the NSCs were pretreated with mitochondrial specific antioxidant (MitoQ) or Drp1 inhibitor (Mdivi-1), and then the toxic effects of propofol on NSCs were investigated. Our results indicated that propofol treatment inhibited NSCs proliferation and division, and promoted NSCs apoptosis. Propofol induced significant NSCs mitochondria deformation, vacuolization and swelling, and decreased MMP. Additional studies showed that propofol affected a group of mitochondria related proteins via Pink1 inhibition, and CDK1, Drp1, Parkin1 and DJ-1 are the important downstream proteins of Pink1. Finally, the effects of propofol on proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, mitochondrial ultrastructure and MMP of NSCs were significantly attenuated by MitoQ or Mdivi-1 pretreatment. The present study demonstrated that propofol regulates the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of NSCs via Pink1mediated mitochondria pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minli Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Du F, Yu Q, Yan SS. PINK1 Activation Attenuates Impaired Neuronal-Like Differentiation and Synaptogenesis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease Trans-Mitochondrial Cybrid Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1749-1761. [PMID: 33998543 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic deficit, and extensive oxidative stress underlie neuronal perturbation during the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we demonstrated that decreased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) expression is associated with AD pathology in AD-affected human brains and AD mice. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we highlight the essential role of PINK1 in AD-relevant mitochondrial perturbation and neuronal malfunction. METHODS Using trans-mitochondrial "cybrid" (cytoplasmic hybrid) neuronal cells, whose mitochondria are transferred from platelets of patients with sporadic AD, we observed the effect of PINK1 in neuronal-like differentiation and synaptogenesis and mitochondrial functions. RESULTS In AD cybrid cells, the downregulation of PINK1 is correlated to the alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function and deficit in neuronal-like differentiation. Restoring/increasing PINK1 by lentivirus transduction of PINK1 robustly attenuates mitochondrial defects and rescues neurite-like outgrowth. Importantly, defective PINK1 kinase activity fails to reverse these detrimental effects. Mechanistically, AD cybrid cells reveal a significant decrease in PINK1-dependent phosphorylated mitofusin (Mfn) 2, a key mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion, and an insufficient autophagic activity for the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria. Overexpression of PINK1, but not mutant PINK1 elevates phosphorylation of Mfn2 and autophagy signaling LC3-II. Accordingly, PINK1-overexpressed AD cybrids exhibit increases in mitochondrial length and density and suppressed reactive oxygen species. These results imply that activation of PINK1 protects against AD-affected mitochondrial dysfunction and impairment in neuronal maturation and differentiation. CONCLUSION PINK1-mediated mitophagy is important for maintaining mitochondrial health by clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and therefore, improves energy homeostasis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Du
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
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12
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Dai K, Radin DP, Leonardi D. Deciphering the dual role and prognostic potential of PINK1 across cancer types. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:659-665. [PMID: 33063717 PMCID: PMC8067949 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and deregulation of the cell cycle are hallmarks shared by many cancers. Concerted mutations in key tumor suppressor genes, such as PTEN, and oncogenes predispose cancer cells for marked utilization of resources to fuel accelerated cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Mounting research has demonstrated that PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) acts as a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis in several cancer types, a function that also extends to the regulation of tumor cell proliferative capacity. In addition, involvement of PINK1 in modulating inflammatory responses has been highlighted by recent studies, further expounding PINK1's multifunctional nature. This review discusses the oncogenic roles of PINK1 in multiple tumor cell types, with an emphasis on maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, while also evaluating literature suggesting a dual oncolytic mechanism based on PINK1's modulation of the Warburg effect. From a clinical standpoint, its expression may also dictate the response to genotoxic stressors commonly used to treat multiple malignancies. By detailing the evidence suggesting that PINK1 possesses distinct prognostic value in the clinical setting and reviewing the duality of PINK1 function in a context-dependent manner, we present avenues for future studies of this dynamic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel P. Radin
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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13
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Our understanding of PD biology has been enriched by the identification of genes involved in its rare, inheritable forms, termed PARK genes. These genes encode proteins including α-syn, LRRK2, VPS35, parkin, PINK1, and DJ1, which can cause monogenetic PD when mutated. Investigating the cellular functions of these proteins has been instrumental in identifying signaling pathways that mediate pathology in PD and neuroprotective mechanisms active during homeostatic and pathological conditions. It is now evident that many PD-associated proteins perform multiple functions in PD-associated signaling pathways in neurons. Furthermore, several PARK proteins contribute to non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of neuron death, such as neuroinflammation. A comprehensive understanding of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous pathways involved in PD is essential for developing therapeutics that may slow or halt its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Panicker
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Preston Ge
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA.,Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA.,Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA
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14
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Furlong RM, O'Keeffe GW, O'Neill C, Sullivan AM. Alterations in α-synuclein and PINK1 expression reduce neurite length and induce mitochondrial fission and Golgi fragmentation in midbrain neurons. Neurosci Lett 2020; 720:134777. [PMID: 31978495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of α-synuclein is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been linked to reductions in neurite length and axonal degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Mutations in SNCA, which encodes α-synuclein, and loss of function mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 (PINK1) cause familial PD. There is a need to identify the mechanisms by which α-synuclein overexpression and the loss of PINK1 induce neurodegeneration in PD. To do this, we employed rat ventral midbrain cultures to investigate the effects of overexpression of wildtype or mutant (A53T) α-synuclein, and of siRNA knockdown of PINK1, on neurite length and on mitochondrial and Golgi integrity. We found reduced neurite length and increased levels of both Golgi fragmentation and mitochondrial fission in response to overexpression of wildtype or mutant α-synuclein, and to PINK1 knockdown. Reductions in neurite length induced by these two PD risk genes were significantly correlated with increases in Golgi fragmentation and mitochondrial fission. Combined α-synuclein overexpression and PINK1 knockdown induced a greater reduction in neurite length and increase in Golgi fragmentation, than either alone. This study provides novel evidence that α-synuclein overexpression and PINK1 deletion converge to induce significant increases in Golgi fragmentation and mitochondrial fission in midbrain neurons, that are correlated with decreases in neurite length. This highlights the need for further studies on these converging mechanisms in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Furlong
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork City, T12 YT20, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork City, T12 XF62, Ireland; Cork NeuroScience Centre, University College Cork, Cork City, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork City, T12 XF62, Ireland; Cork NeuroScience Centre, University College Cork, Cork City, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Cora O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork City, T12 YT20, Ireland; Cork NeuroScience Centre, University College Cork, Cork City, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork City, T12 XF62, Ireland; Cork NeuroScience Centre, University College Cork, Cork City, T12 YT20, Ireland.
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15
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Zhang X, Huang W, Fan Y, Sun Y, Ge X. Role of GTPases in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in Parkinson's disease. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111460. [PMID: 31194975 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelle that undergo frequent fusion and division, and the balance of these opposing processes regulates mitochondrial morphology, distribution, and function. Mitochondrial fission facilitates the replication and distribution of mitochondria during cell division, whereas the fusion process including inner and outer mitochondrial membrane fusion allows the exchange of intramitochondrial material between adjacent mitochondria. Despite several GTPase family proteins have been implicated as key modulators of mitochondrial dynamics, the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and function remain not clearly understood. Neuronal function and survival are closely related to mitochondria dynamics, and disturbed mitochondrial fission/fusion may influence neurotransmission, synaptic maintenance, neuronal survival and function. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction caused by aberrant mitochondrial dynamics plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of both sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Collectively, we review the molecular mechanism of known GTPase proteins in regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion, but also highlight the causal role for mitochondrial dynamics in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenmin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yiyun Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoqun Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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16
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Bai Y, Wang S, Wu F, Xie X, Wang Y, Yang Y. The Changes of Mitochondria in Substantia Nigra and Anterior Cerebral Cortex of Hepatic Encephalopathy Induced by Thioacetamide. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1169-1177. [PMID: 30290401 PMCID: PMC6899860 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from chronic or acute liver failure. Under the condition of HE, various factors such as reactive oxygen species, inflammatory factors, ammonia poisoning and amino acids alteration lead to changes of mitochondria. Selective depletion of damaged mitochondrion is essential for maintaining the morphology and function of mitochondria and cells. In this study, molecular biology analysis was used to analyze the mitochondrial morphology in the substantia nigra (SN) and anterior cerebral cortex (ACC) of the HE mice. The results revealed that the drp1, mfn1 and mfn2 increased in mRNA level of SN, which indicated the changes of mitochondrial morphology in HE mice. The drp1 and mfn2 genes were up‐regulated, then, the Opa1 exhibited no significant change in the ACC of HE mice. Further study demonstrated that the mitochondrial autophagy related genes, pink1 and parkin, increased in SN, while the parkin reduced in ACC of HE mice. In addition, uncoupling protein (ucp2) increased in mRNA level of SN and ACC, and the ucp4 had no change or reduced in SN and ACC, respectively. These findings suggested that the mitochondrial dynamics is different in the SN and ACC of HE mice. Therefore, our results indicated that mitochondrial dynamics provided a potential treatment strategy for HE through the fission, fusion and autophagy of genes. Anat Rec, 302:1169–1177, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhu Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of general surgery, People's Liberation Army's 153rd hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengming Wang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangjun Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yayun Wang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Biosa A, Sanchez-Martinez A, Filograna R, Terriente-Felix A, Alam SM, Beltramini M, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M, Whitworth AJ. Superoxide dismutating molecules rescue the toxic effects of PINK1 and parkin loss. Hum Mol Genet 2019. [PMID: 29529199 PMCID: PMC5905640 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species exert important functions in regulating several cellular signalling pathways. However, an excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species can perturb the redox homeostasis leading to oxidative stress, a condition which has been associated to many neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, alterations in the redox state of cells and mitochondrial homeostasis are established hallmarks in both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease cases. PINK1 and Parkin are two genes which account for a large fraction of autosomal recessive early-onset forms of Parkinson's disease and are now firmly associated to both mitochondria and redox homeostasis. In this study we explored the hypothesis that superoxide anions participate in the generation of the Parkin and PINK1 associated phenotypic effect by testing the capacity of endogenous and exogenous superoxide dismutating molecules to rescue the toxic effects induced by loss of PINK1 or Parkin, in both cellular and fly models. Our results demonstrate the positive effect of an increased level of superoxide dismutase proteins on the pathological phenotypes, both in vitro and in vivo. A more pronounced effectiveness for mitochondrial SOD2 activity points to the superoxide radicals generated in the mitochondrial matrix as the prime suspect in the definition of the observed phenotypes. Moreover, we also demonstrate the efficacy of a SOD-mimetic compound, M40403, to partially ameliorate PINK1/Parkin phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. These results support the further exploration of SOD-mimetic compounds as a therapeutic strategy against Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Biosa
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Roberta Filograna
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ana Terriente-Felix
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sarah M Alam
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Mariano Beltramini
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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18
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Lin KL, Lin KJ, Wang PW, Chuang JH, Lin HY, Chen SD, Chuang YC, Huang ST, Tiao MM, Chen JB, Huang PH, Liou CW, Lin TK. Resveratrol provides neuroprotective effects through modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and ERK1/2 regulated autophagy. Free Radic Res 2019; 52:1371-1386. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1489128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lieh Lin
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Lin
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bor Chen
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Huang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, formation of Lewy bodies, and microgliosis. During the past decades multiple cellular pathways have been associated with PD pathology (i.e., oxidative stress, endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and immune response), yet disease-modifying treatments are not available. We have recently used genetic data from familial and sporadic cases in an unbiased approach to build a molecular landscape for PD, revealing lipids as central players in this disease. Here we extensively review the current knowledge concerning the involvement of various subclasses of fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and lipoproteins in PD pathogenesis. Our review corroborates a central role for most lipid classes, but the available information is fragmented, not always reproducible, and sometimes differs by sex, age or PD etiology of the patients. This hinders drawing firm conclusions about causal or associative effects of dietary lipids or defects in specific steps of lipid metabolism in PD. Future technological advances in lipidomics and additional systematic studies on lipid species from PD patient material may improve this situation and lead to a better appreciation of the significance of lipids for this devastating disease.
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20
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Fan P, Xie XH, Chen CH, Peng X, Zhang P, Yang C, Wang YT. Molecular Regulation Mechanisms and Interactions Between Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitophagy. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 38:10-22. [PMID: 30556744 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to oxidative stress has important effects on cell development, normal function, and survival. It may cause oxidative damage to intracellular macromolecular substances and mitochondria through several signaling pathways. However, the damaged mitochondria promote further ROS generation, creating a vicious cycle that can cause cellular injury. In addition, excessive ROS produced by damaged mitochondria can trigger mitophagy, a process that can scavenge impaired mitochondria and reduce ROS level to maintain stable mitochondrial function in cells. Therefore, mitophagy heaps maintain cellular homeostasis under oxidative stress. In this article, we review recent advances in cellular damage caused by excessive ROS, the mechanism of mitophagy, and the close relationship between ROS and mitophagy. This review provides a new perspective on therapeutic strategies for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Fan
- 1 Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Hui Xie
- 1 Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Hong Chen
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Peng
- 1 Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Po Zhang
- 1 Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- 1 Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Tao Wang
- 1 Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Pink1 attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in developing neurons. J Anesth 2017; 32:62-69. [PMID: 29127491 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-017-2431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanisms of propofol-induced neurotoxicity in developing neurons are still not completely understood. We examined the role of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (Pink1), an antioxidant protein, in propofol-induced apoptosis in developing neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary hippocampal neurons isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to propofol 20 μM for 2, 4, 6 and 12 h. Subsequently, neurons underwent overexpression and knockdown of Pink1, followed by propofol exposure (20 μM, 6 h). Neuron apoptosis was detected by terminal transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neurons was detected by using a 2,7-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein diacetate probe and target protein or mRNA levels were analyzed by Western blotting or real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Propofol treatment time-dependently increased the number of TUNEL-positive neurons and the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BcL-2) associated X protein, but decreased expression levels of BcL-2. Furthermore, propofol treatment time-dependently reduced the expression levels of Pink1 mRNA and protein. ROS production and the markers of oxidative stress, 2,4-dinitrophenol and 4-hydroxynonenal, were increased by propofol treatment. However, these propofol-induced changes were significantly restored by Pink1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Pink1 plays an important role in neuronal apoptosis induced by propofol. Our results may provide some new insights in propofol-induced neurotoxicity in developing neurons.
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22
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Abstract
The sphingolipid family of lipids modulate several cellular processes, including proliferation, cell cycle regulation, inflammatory signaling pathways, and cell death. Several members of the sphingolipid pathway have opposing functions and thus imbalances in sphingolipid metabolism result in deregulated cellular processes, which cause or contribute to diseases and disorders in humans. A key cellular process regulated by sphingolipids is apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Sphingolipids play an important role in both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways depending on the stimuli, cell type and cellular response to the stress. During mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, multiple pathways converge on mitochondria and induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). MOMP results in the release of intermembrane space proteins such as cytochrome c and Apaf1 into the cytosol where they activate the caspases and DNases that execute cell death. The precise molecular components of the pore(s) responsible for MOMP are unknown, but sphingolipids are thought to play a role. Here, we review evidence for a role of sphingolipids in the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis with a focus on potential underlying molecular mechanisms by which altered sphingolipid metabolism indirectly or directly induce MOMP. Data available on these mechanisms is reviewed, and the focus and limitations of previous and current studies are discussed to present important unanswered questions and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri A Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Clinical and Translational Research Building, Room 203, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Clinical and Translational Research Building, Room 203, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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23
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Arun S, Liu L, Donmez G. Mitochondrial Biology and Neurological Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:143-54. [PMID: 26903445 PMCID: PMC4825945 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150703154541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are extremely active organelles that perform a variety of roles in the cell including energy production, regulation of calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and population maintenance through fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of oxidative stress and mutations can contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD), and Huntington’s diseases (HD). Abnormalities of Complex I function in the electron transport chain have been implicated in some neurodegenerative diseases, inhibiting ATP production and generating reactive oxygen species that can cause major damage to mitochondria Mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA can contribute to neurodegenerative disease, although the pathogenesis of these conditions tends to focus on nuclear mutations. In PD, nuclear genome mutations in the PINK1 and parkin genes have been implicated in neurodegeneration [1], while mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 have been implicated in a variety of clinical symptoms of AD [5]. Mutant htt protein is known to cause HD [2]. Much progress has been made to determine some causes of these neurodegenerative diseases, though permanent treatments have yet to be developed. In this review, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gizem Donmez
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave. Boston MA, 02111, USA.
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24
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Balog J, Mehta SL, Vemuganti R. Mitochondrial fission and fusion in secondary brain damage after CNS insults. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:2022-2033. [PMID: 27677674 PMCID: PMC5363672 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16671528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamically active organelles, regulated through fission and fusion events to continuously redistribute them across axons, dendrites, and synapses of neurons to meet bioenergetics requirements and to control various functions, including cell proliferation, calcium buffering, neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. However, following acute or chronic injury to CNS, altered expression and function of proteins that mediate fission and fusion lead to mitochondrial dynamic imbalance. Particularly, if the fission is abnormally increased through pro-fission mediators such as Drp1, mitochondrial function will be impaired and mitochondria will become susceptible to insertion of proapototic proteins. This leads to the formation of mitochondrial transition pore, which eventually triggers apoptosis. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction is a major promoter of neuronal death and secondary brain damage after an insult. This review discusses the implications of mitochondrial dynamic imbalance in neuronal death after acute and chronic CNS insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Balog
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA .,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular & Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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25
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Arena G, Valente EM. PINK1 in the limelight: multiple functions of an eclectic protein in human health and disease. J Pathol 2016; 241:251-263. [PMID: 27701735 DOI: 10.1002/path.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The gene PINK1 [phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1] encodes a serine/threonine kinase which was initially linked to the pathogenesis of a familial form of Parkinson's disease. Research on PINK1 has recently unravelled that its multiple functions extend well beyond neuroprotection, implicating this eclectic protein in a growing number of human pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, cardiopulmonary dysfunctions, and inflammation. Extensive studies have identified PINK1 as a crucial player in the mitochondrial quality control pathway, required to label damaged mitochondria and promote their elimination through an autophagic process (mitophagy). Mounting evidence now indicates that PINK1 activities are not restricted solely to mitophagy, and that different subcellular and even sub-mitochondrial pools of PINK1 are involved in distinct signalling cascades to regulate cell metabolism and survival. In this review, we provide a concise overview on the different functions of PINK1 and their potential role in human diseases. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Arena
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Mitochondrial biology, targets, and drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 207:40-58. [PMID: 25841699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mitochondrial medicine has emerged as a new discipline resting at the intersection of mitochondrial biology, pathology, and pharmaceutics. The central role of mitochondria in critical cellular processes such as metabolism and apoptosis has placed mitochondria at the forefront of cell science. Advances in mitochondrial biology have revealed that these organelles continually undergo fusion and fission while functioning independently and in complex cellular networks, establishing direct membrane contacts with each other and with other organelles. Understanding the diverse cellular functions of mitochondria has contributed to understanding mitochondrial dysfunction in disease states. Polyplasmy and heteroplasmy contribute to mitochondrial phenotypes and associated dysfunction. Residing at the center of cell biology, cellular functions, and disease pathology and being laden with receptors and targets, mitochondria are beacons for pharmaceutical modification. This review presents the current state of mitochondrial medicine with a focus on mitochondrial function, dysfunction, and common disease; mitochondrial receptors, targets, and substrates; and mitochondrial drug design and drug delivery with a focus on the application of nanotechnology to mitochondrial medicine. Mitochondrial medicine is at the precipice of clinical translation; the objective of this review is to aid in the advancement of mitochondrial medicine from infancy to application.
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