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Oxidative Stress as a Potential Mechanism Underlying Membrane Hyperexcitability in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081511. [PMID: 36009230 PMCID: PMC9405356 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by gradually progressive, selective loss of anatomically or physiologically related neuronal systems that produce brain damage from which there is no recovery. Despite the differences in clinical manifestations and neuronal vulnerability, the pathological processes appear to be similar, suggesting common neurodegenerative pathways. It is well known that oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen radicals plays a key role in neuronal cell damage. It has been proposed that this stress, among other mechanisms, could contribute to neuronal degeneration and might be one of the factors triggering the development of these pathologies. Another common feature in most neurodegenerative diseases is neuron hyperexcitability, an aberrant electrical activity. This review, focusing mainly on primary motor cortex pyramidal neurons, critically evaluates the idea that oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in neurodegeneration via their capacity to increase membrane excitability.
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2
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Acute Colon Inflammation Triggers Primary Motor Cortex Glial Activation, Neuroinflammation, Neuronal Hyperexcitability, and Motor Coordination Deficits. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105347. [PMID: 35628158 PMCID: PMC9141031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation underlies neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we test whether acute colon inflammation activates microglia and astrocytes, induces neuroinflammation, disturbs neuron intrinsic electrical properties in the primary motor cortex, and alters motor behaviors. We used a rat model of acute colon inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Inflammatory mediators and microglial activation were assessed in the primary motor cortex by PCR and immunofluorescence assays. Electrophysiological properties of the motor cortex neurons were determined by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Motor behaviors were examined using open-field and rotarod tests. We show that the primary motor cortex of rats with acute colon inflammation exhibited microglial and astrocyte activation and increased mRNA abundance of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and both inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthases. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in resting membrane potential and rheobase and increased input resistance and action potential frequency, indicating motor neuron hyperexcitability. In addition, locomotion and motor coordination were impaired. In conclusion, acute colon inflammation induces motor cortex microglial and astrocyte activation and inflammation, which led to neurons’ hyperexcitability and reduced motor coordination performance. The described disturbances resembled some of the early features found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and animal models, suggesting that colon inflammation might be a risk factor for developing this disease.
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3
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Perez-García P, Pardillo-Díaz R, Geribaldi-Doldán N, Gómez-Oliva R, Domínguez-García S, Castro C, Nunez-Abades P, Carrascal L. Refinement of Active and Passive Membrane Properties of Layer V Pyramidal Neurons in Rat Primary Motor Cortex During Postnatal Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:754393. [PMID: 34924951 PMCID: PMC8671142 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.754393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving the distinctive complex behaviors of adult mammals requires the development of a great variety of specialized neural circuits. Although the development of these circuits begins during the embryonic stage, they remain immature at birth, requiring a postnatal maturation process to achieve these complex tasks. Understanding how the neuronal membrane properties and circuits change during development is the first step to understand their transition into efficient ones. Thus, using whole cell patch clamp recordings, we have studied the changes in the electrophysiological properties of layer V pyramidal neurons of the rat primary motor cortex during postnatal development. Among all the parameters studied, only the voltage threshold was established at birth and, although some of the changes occurred mainly during the second postnatal week, other properties such as membrane potential, capacitance, duration of the post-hyperpolarization phase or the maximum firing rate were not defined until the beginning of adulthood. Those modifications lead to a decrease in neuronal excitability and to an increase in the working range in young adult neurons, allowing more sensitive and accurate responses. This maturation process, that involves an increase in neuronal size and changes in ionic conductances, seems to be influenced by the neuronal type and by the task that neurons perform as inferred from the comparison with other pyramidal and motor neuron populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Perez-García
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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4
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Lee NK, Lim SM, Cheon MJ, Paik HD. Physicochemical Analysis of Yogurt Produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides H40 and Its Effects on Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Cells. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:261-273. [PMID: 33987547 PMCID: PMC8115002 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leuconostoc mesenteroides H40 (H40) was isolated from kimchi,
and its probiotic properties and neuroprotective effect was evaluated in
oxidatively stressed SH-SY5Y cells. H40 was stable in artificial gastric
conditions and can be attached in HT-29 cells. In addition, H40 did not produce
β-glucuronidase and showed resistant to several antibiotics. The
conditioned medium (CM) was made using HT-29 cells refined with heat-killed
probiotics (Probiotics-CM) and heated yogurts (Y-CM) to investigate the
neuroprotective effect. Treatment with H40-CM not only increased cell viability
but also significantly improved brain derived neurotropic factor
(BDNF) expression and reduced the
Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in oxidatively stress-induced SH-SY5Y
cells. Besides, probiotic Y-CM significantly increased BDNF
mRNA expression and decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The
physicochemical properties of probiotic yogurt with H40 was not significantly
different from the control yogurt. The viable cell counts of lactic acid
bacteria in control and probiotic yogurt with H40 was 8.66 Log CFU/mL and 8.96
Log CFU/mL, respectively. Therefore, these results indicate that H40 can be used
as prophylactic functional dairy food having neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Lim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Cheon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Neuroprotective Effects of Heat-Killed Lactobacillus plantarum 200655 Isolated from Kimchi Against Oxidative Stress. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:788-795. [PMID: 33454870 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in exacerbating neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. In a previous study, Lactobacillus plantarum 200655 was shown to possess probiotic and antioxidant potential. The current study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of heat-killed L. plantarum 200655. We incubated intestinal cells (HT-29) with heat-killed L. plantarum 200655 in a conditioned medium (CM) and found that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA level was elevated in the HT-29 cells and the CM contained high concentrations of BDNF. The CM protected neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced toxicity. Moreover, the CM increased BDNF and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression and significantly reduced the apoptosis-related Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. At the protein level, the CM resulted in downregulation of caspase-3. These results indicate that L. plantarum 200655 might be used as a prophylactic functional ingredient to prevent neurodegenerative disease.
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Carrascal L, Gorton E, Pardillo-Díaz R, Perez-García P, Gómez-Oliva R, Castro C, Nunez-Abades P. Age-Dependent Vulnerability to Oxidative Stress of Postnatal Rat Pyramidal Motor Cortex Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121307. [PMID: 33352810 PMCID: PMC7766683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main proposed mechanisms involved in neuronal degeneration. To evaluate the consequences of oxidative stress on motor cortex pyramidal neurons during postnatal development, rats were classified into three groups: Newborn (P2-P7); infantile (P11-P15); and young adult (P20-P40). Oxidative stress was induced by 10 µM of cumene hydroperoxide (CH) application. In newborn rats, using the whole cell patch-clamp technique in brain slices, no significant modifications in membrane excitability were found. In infantile rats, the input resistance increased and rheobase decreased due to the blockage of GABAergic tonic conductance. Lipid peroxidation induced by CH resulted in a noticeable increase in protein-bound 4-hidroxynonenal in homogenates in only infantile and young adult rat slices. Interestingly, homogenates of newborn rat brain slices showed the highest capacity to respond to oxidative stress by dramatically increasing their glutathione and free thiol content. This increase correlated with a time-dependent increase in the glutathione reductase activity, suggesting a greater buffering capacity of newborn rats to resist oxidative stress. Furthermore, pre-treatment of the slices with glutathione monoethyl ester acted as a neuroprotector in pyramidal neurons of infantile rats. We conclude that during maturation, the vulnerability to oxidative stress in rat motor neurons increases with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Carrascal
- Departament of Physiology, Pharmacy School, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (L.C.); (E.G.); (P.P.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INIBICA), 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (R.P.-D.); (R.G.-O.); (C.C.)
| | - Ella Gorton
- Departament of Physiology, Pharmacy School, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (L.C.); (E.G.); (P.P.-G.)
| | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INIBICA), 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (R.P.-D.); (R.G.-O.); (C.C.)
- Area of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Perez-García
- Departament of Physiology, Pharmacy School, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (L.C.); (E.G.); (P.P.-G.)
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INIBICA), 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (R.P.-D.); (R.G.-O.); (C.C.)
- Area of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INIBICA), 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (R.P.-D.); (R.G.-O.); (C.C.)
- Area of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Departament of Physiology, Pharmacy School, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (L.C.); (E.G.); (P.P.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INIBICA), 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (R.P.-D.); (R.G.-O.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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RAGE signaling is required for AMPA receptor dysfunction in the hippocampus of hyperglycemic mice. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113255. [PMID: 33221393 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes in humans has been associated for a long time with cognitive dysfunction. In rodent animal models, cognitive dysfunction can manifest as impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Particular attention has been concentrated on the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which is implicated in multiple diabetic complications involving the development of vascular and peripheral nerve abnormalities. In this study, we hypothesize that RAGE signaling alters glutamate receptor function and expression, impairing synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Using preparations of hippocampal slices from male mice, we show a RAGE-dependent decrease in long-term potentiation (LTP) and an increase in paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) following streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Consistently, in hippocampal cultures from male and female neonatal mice, high glucose caused a RAGE-dependent reduction of AMPA- but not NMDA-evoked currents, and an increase in cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consistently, when cultures were co-treated with high glucose and the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1, AMPA-evoked currents were unchanged. Hippocampi from STZ-induced hyperglycemic wild type (WT) mice showed increased RAGE expression concomitant with a decrease of both expression and phosphorylation (Ser 831 and 845) of the AMPA GluA1 subunit. We found these changes correlated to activation of the MAPK pathway, consistent with decreased pJNK/JNK ratio and the JNK kinase, pMEK7. As no changes in expression or phosphorylation of regulatory proteins were observed in hippocampi from STZ-induced hyperglycemic RAGE-KO mice, we report a RAGE-dependent impairment in the hippocampi of hyperglycemic WT mice, with reduced AMPA receptor expression/function and LTP deficits.
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8
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Muñoz MF, Argüelles S, Marotta F, Barbagallo M, Cano M, Ayala A. Effect of Age and Lipoperoxidation in Rat and Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6473279. [PMID: 33425211 PMCID: PMC7775166 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6473279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of clinical applications in regenerative medicine were opened decades ago with the discovery of adult stem cells. Highly promising adult stem cells are mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSCs), primarily because of their abundance and accessibility. These cells have multipotent properties and have been used extensively to carry out autologous transplants. However, the biology of these cells is not entirely understood. Among other factors, the regeneration capacity of these cells will depend on both their capacity of proliferation/differentiation and the robustness of the biochemical pathways that allow them to survive under adverse conditions like those found in damaged tissues. The transcription factors, such as Nanog and Sox2, have been described as playing an important role in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Also, the so-called longevity pathways, in which AMPK and SIRT1 proteins play a crucial role, are essential for cell homeostasis under stressful situations. These pathways act by inhibiting the translation through downregulation of elongation factor-2 (eEF2). In order to deepen knowledge of mesenchymal stem cell biology and which factors are determinant in the final therapeutic output, we evaluate in the present study the levels of all of these proteins in the ADSCs from humans and rats and how these levels are affected by aging and the oxidative environment. Due to the effect of aging and oxidative stress, our results suggest that before performing a cell therapy with ADSCs, several aspects reported in this study such as oxidative stress status and proliferation and differentiation capacity should be assessed on these cells. This would allow us to know the robustness of the transplanted cells and to predict the therapeutic result, especially in elder patients, where probably ADSCs do not carry out their biological functions in an optimal way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F. Muñoz
- 1Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- 2Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francesco Marotta
- 3ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention & Vitality Therapeutics, San Babila Clinic, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- 4Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Mercedes Cano
- 2Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Ayala
- 1Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Dampney RA, Michelini LC, Li DP, Pan HL. Regulation of sympathetic vasomotor activity by the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in normotensive and hypertensive states. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1200-H1214. [PMID: 30095973 PMCID: PMC6297824 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00216.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a unique and important brain region involved in the control of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and other physiological functions pertinent to homeostasis. The PVN is a major source of excitatory drive to the spinal sympathetic outflow via both direct and indirect projections. In this review, we discuss the role of the PVN in the regulation of sympathetic output in normal physiological conditions and in hypertension. In normal healthy animals, the PVN presympathetic neurons do not appear to have a major role in sustaining resting sympathetic vasomotor activity or in regulating sympathetic responses to short-term homeostatic challenges such as acute hypotension or hypoxia. Their role is, however, much more significant during longer-term challenges, such as sustained water deprivation, chronic intermittent hypoxia, and pregnancy. The PVN also appears to have a major role in generating the increased sympathetic vasomotor activity that is characteristic of multiple forms of hypertension. Recent studies in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model have shown that impaired inhibitory and enhanced excitatory synaptic inputs to PVN presympathetic neurons are the basis for the heightened sympathetic outflow in hypertension. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the presynaptic and postsynaptic alterations in GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs to PVN presympathetic neurons in hypertension. In addition, we discuss the ability of exercise training to correct sympathetic hyperactivity by restoring blood-brain barrier integrity, reducing angiotensin II availability, and decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Dampney
- Department of Physiology, University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Lisete C Michelini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - De-Pei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
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10
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Zhou T, Ahmad TK, Gozda K, Truong J, Kong J, Namaka M. Implications of white matter damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4379-4392. [PMID: 28791401 PMCID: PMC5646997 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, which involves the progressive degeneration of motor neurons. ALS has long been considered a disease of the grey matter; however, pathological alterations of the white matter (WM), including axonal loss, axonal demyelination and oligodendrocyte death, have been reported in patients with ALS. The present review examined motor neuron death as the primary cause of ALS and evaluated the associated WM damage that is guided by neuronal‑glial interactions. Previous studies have suggested that WM damage may occur prior to the death of motor neurons, and thus may be considered an early indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of ALS. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying early‑onset WM damage in ALS have yet to be elucidated. The present review explored the detailed anatomy of WM and identified several pathological mechanisms that may be implicated in WM damage in ALS. In addition, it associated the pathophysiological alterations of WM, which may contribute to motor neuron death in ALS, with similar mechanisms of WM damage that are involved in multiple sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, the early detection of WM damage in ALS, using neuroimaging techniques, may lead to earlier therapeutic intervention, using immunomodulatory treatment strategies similar to those used in relapsing‑remitting MS, aimed at delaying WM damage in ALS. Early therapeutic approaches may have the potential to delay motor neuron damage and thus prolong the survival of patients with ALS. The therapeutic interventions that are currently available for ALS are only marginally effective. However, early intervention with immunomodulatory drugs may slow the progression of WM damage in the early stages of ALS, thus delaying motor neuron death and increasing the life expectancy of patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Tina Khorshid Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Kiana Gozda
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jessica Truong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Michael Namaka
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 1R9, Canada
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11
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Shao H, Yang Y, Qi AP, Hong P, Zhu GX, Cao XY, Ji WG, Zhu ZR. Gastrodin Reduces the Severity of Status Epilepticus in the Rat Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy by Inhibiting Nav1.6 Sodium Currents. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:360-374. [PMID: 27743286 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most refractory types of adult epilepsy, and treatment options remain unsatisfactory. Gastrodin (GAS), a phenolic glucoside used in Chinese herbal medicine and derived from Gastrodia elata Blume, has been shown to have remarkable anticonvulsant effects on various models of epilepsy in vivo. However, the mechanisms of GAS as an anticonvulsant drug remain to be established. By utilizing a combination of behavioral surveys, immunofluorescence and electrophysiological recordings, the present study characterized the anticonvulsant effect of GAS in a pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) rat model of TLE and explored the underlying cellular mechanisms. We found that GAS pretreatment effectively reduced the severity of SE in the acute phase of TLE. Moreover, GAS protected medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) layer III neurons from neuronal death and terminated the SE-induced bursting discharge of mEC layer II neurons from SE-experienced rats. Furthermore, the current study revealed that GAS prevented the pilocarpine-induced enhancement of Nav1.6 currents (persistent (INaP) and resurgent (INaR) currents), which were reported to play a critical role in the generation of bursting spikes. Consistent with this result, GAS treatment reversed the expression of Nav1.6 protein in SE-experienced EC neurons. These results suggest that the inhibition of Nav1.6 sodium currents may be the underlying mechanism of GAS's anticonvulsant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Fifth Camp of Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ai-Ping Qi
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Pian Hong
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guang-Xi Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin-Yu Cao
- The Fifth Camp of Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Gang Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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