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Jin Y, Du Q, Song M, Kang R, Zhou J, Zhang H, Ding Y. Amyloid-β-targeting immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2024; 375:346-365. [PMID: 39271059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in clinical passive immunotherapy have provided compelling evidence that eliminating amyloid-β (Aβ) slows cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the modest benefits and side effects observed in clinical trials indicate that current immunotherapy therapy is not a panacea, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of AD mechanisms and the significance of early intervention through optimized immunotherapy or immunoprevention. This review focuses on the centrality of Aβ pathology in AD and summarizes recent clinical progress in passive and active immunotherapies targeting Aβ, discussing their lessons and failures to inform future anti-Aβ biotherapeutics design. Various delivery strategies to optimize Aβ-targeting immunotherapies are outlined, highlighting their benefits and drawbacks in overcoming challenges such as poor stability and limited tissue accessibility of anti-Aβ biotherapeutics. Additionally, the perspectives and challenges of immunotherapy and immunoprevention targeting Aβ are concluded in the end, aiming to guide the development of next-generation anti-Aβ immunotherapeutic agents towards improved efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiaofei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingjie Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruixin Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Aminyavari S, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Kesharwani P, Sanati M, Sahebkar A. Unveiling the theranostic potential of SPIONs in Alzheimer's disease management. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 179:244-256. [PMID: 39321523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating kind of dementia that is becoming more common worldwide. Toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates are the primary cause of AD onset and development. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have received a lot of interest in AD therapy over the last decade because of their ability to redirect the Aβ fibrillation process and improve associated brain dysfunction. The potential diagnostic application of SPIONs in AD has dramatically increased this interest. Furthermore, surface-modified engineered SPIONs function as drug carriers to improve the efficacy of current therapies. Various preclinical and clinical studies on the role of SPIONs in AD pathology have produced encouraging results. However, due to their physicochemical properties (e.g., size, surface charge, and particle concentration) in the biological milieu, SPIONs may play the role of a preventive or accelerative agent in AD. Even though SPIONs are potential therapeutic and diagnostic options in AD, significant efforts are still needed to overcome the inconsistencies and safety concerns. This review evaluated the current understanding of how various SPIONs interact with AD models and explored the discrepancies in their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Ding N, Lei Y, Hu Y, Wei J, Wang W, Zhang R, Cai F. Research Progress of Novel Inorganic Nanomaterials in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurol India 2024; 72:943-950. [PMID: 39428764 DOI: 10.4103/neurol-india.neurol-india-d-23-00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
The global increase in the number of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has posed numerous treatment challenges. Six Food and Drug Administration-approved medications (e.g., donepezil and memantine) have demonstrated some efficacy but are primarily used to alleviate symptoms. The etiology of AD is unknown, and the blood-brain barrier restricts drug penetration, which severely restricts the use of various therapeutic agents. With their high targeting, long-lasting effect, and multifunctionality, inorganic nanomaterials provide a novel approach to the treatment of AD. A review of inorganic nanoparticles in the diagnosis and therapy of AD. This paper reviews the research literature on the use of inorganic nanomaterials in the treatment of AD. Gold nanoparticles, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots are among the inorganic nanomaterials studied. As knowledge of the origins of AD remains limited, the majority of studies on inorganic nanomaterials have primarily focused on interventions on Aβ proteins. Adjusting and enhancing the properties of these inorganic nanomaterials, such as core-shell structure design and surface modification, confer benefits for the treatment of AD. Inorganic nanoparticles have a wide spectrum of therapeutic potential for AD. Despite their potential benefits, however, the safety and translation of inorganic nanomaterials into clinical applications remain formidable obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, P.R. China, Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
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Hasan I, Guo B, Zhang J, Chang C. Advances in Antioxidant Nanomedicines for Imaging and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:863-888. [PMID: 36070437 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial signaling molecules in the regulation of numerous physiological activities including the formation and function of the central nervous system (CNS). So far, many functional antioxidant nanomedicines with ROS scavenging capability to reduce oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been developed for both imaging and therapy of AD. Recent Advances: This review focuses on the most recent advances in antioxidant nanomedicines such as ROS-scavenging nanoparticles (NPs), NPs with intrinsic antioxidant activity, and drug-loaded antioxidant NPs for AD theranostics. In addition to antioxidant nanomedicines, the emerging phototherapy treatment paradigms and the promising preclinic drug carriers, such as exosomes and liposomes, are also introduced. Critical Issues: In general, excessive generation of ROS can cause lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA, as well as protein damage, aggravating pathogenic alterations, accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. These negative factors further cause cell death, which is the beginning of AD. Future Directions: We anticipate that this review will help researchers in the area of preclinical research and clinical translation of antioxidant nanomedicines for AD imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Hasan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Voelker P, Weible AP, Niell CM, Rothbart MK, Posner MI. Molecular Mechanisms for Changing Brain Connectivity in Mice and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15840. [PMID: 37958822 PMCID: PMC10648558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine commonalities in the molecular basis of learning in mice and humans. In previous work we have demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus (HC) are involved in learning a two-choice visuospatial discrimination task. Here, we began by looking for candidate genes upregulated in mouse ACC and HC with learning. We then determined which of these were also upregulated in mouse blood. Finally, we used RT-PCR to compare candidate gene expression in mouse blood with that from humans following one of two forms of learning: a working memory task (network training) or meditation (a generalized training shown to change many networks). Two genes were upregulated in mice following learning: caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 6 (Card6) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (Impdh2). The Impdh2 gene product catalyzes the first committed step of guanine nucleotide synthesis and is tightly linked to cell proliferation. The Card6 gene product positively modulates signal transduction. In humans, Card6 was significantly upregulated, and Impdh2 trended toward upregulation with training. These genes have been shown to regulate pathways that influence nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a factor previously found to be related to enhanced synaptic function and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Voelker
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA (M.I.P.)
| | - Aldis P. Weible
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.W.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Cristopher M. Niell
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.W.); (C.M.N.)
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Mary K. Rothbart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA (M.I.P.)
| | - Michael I. Posner
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA (M.I.P.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.W.); (C.M.N.)
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Puranik N, Yadav D, Song M. Advancements in the Application of Nanomedicine in Alzheimer's Disease: A Therapeutic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14044. [PMID: 37762346 PMCID: PMC10530821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects most people worldwide. AD is a complex central nervous system disorder. Several drugs have been designed to cure AD, but with low success rates. Because the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers are two barriers that protect the central nervous system, their presence has severely restricted the efficacy of many treatments that have been studied for AD diagnosis and/or therapy. The use of nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of AD is the focus of an established and rapidly developing field of nanomedicine. Recent developments in nanomedicine have made it possible to effectively transport drugs to the brain. However, numerous obstacles remain to the successful use of nanomedicines in clinical settings for AD treatment. Furthermore, given the rapid advancement in nanomedicine therapeutics, better outcomes for patients with AD can be anticipated. This article provides an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine using different types of nanoparticles for the management and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (N.P.); (D.Y.)
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Behera A, Sa N, Pradhan SP, Swain S, Sahu PK. Metal Nanoparticles in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:791-810. [PMID: 37662608 PMCID: PMC10473155 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged in different fields of biomedical application, including lifestyle diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and different types of cancers. Metal nanoparticles are one of the most used drug delivery systems due to the benefits of their enhanced physicochemical properties as compared to bulk metals. Neurodegenerative diseases are the second most cause affecting mortality worldwide after cancer. Hence, they require the most specific and targeted drug delivery systems for maximum therapeutic benefits. Metal nanoparticles are the preferred drug delivery system, possessing greater blood-brain barrier permeability, biocompatibility, and enhanced bioavailability. But some metal nanoparticles exhibit neurotoxic activity owing to their shape, size, surface charge, or surface modification. This review article has discussed the pathophysiology of AD. The neuroprotective mechanism of gold, silver, selenium, ruthenium, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, and iron oxide nanoparticles are discussed. Again, the neurotoxic mechanisms of gold, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, and cobalt oxide are also included. The neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of nanoparticles targeted for treating AD are discussed elaborately. The review also focusses on the biocompatibility of metal nanoparticles for targeting the brain in treating AD. The clinical trials and the requirement to develop new drug delivery systems are critically analyzed. This review can show a path for the researchers involved in the brain-targeted drug delivery for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Behera
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha’ O’Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nishigandha Sa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha’ O’Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sunsita Swain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha’ O’Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha’ O’Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Hu L, Tao Y, Jiang Y, Qin F. Recent progress of nanomedicine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1228679. [PMID: 37457297 PMCID: PMC10340527 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1228679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of memory disruption in elderly subjects, with the prevalence continuing to rise mainly because of the aging world population. Unfortunately, no efficient therapy is currently available for the AD treatment, due to low drug potency and several challenges to delivery, including low bioavailability and the impediments of the blood-brain barrier. Recently, nanomedicine has gained considerable attention among researchers all over the world and shown promising developments in AD treatment. A wide range of nano-carriers, such as polymer nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendritic nanoparticles, biomimetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, etc., have been adapted to develop successful new treatment strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances of different nanomedicine for their efficacy in pre-clinical studies. Finally, some insights and future research directions are proposed. This review can provide useful information to guide the future design and evaluation of nanomedicine in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Hu
- Mental Health Center and West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Mental Health Center and West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjiao Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhu Q, Huang Y, Zhu X, Peng L, Wang H, Gao S, Yang Z, Zhang J, Liu X. Mannose-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanozyme for preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100568. [PMID: 36846307 PMCID: PMC9945786 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the consequent inflammatory response in the postoperative brain play crucial roles in the development of POCD. However, effective ways to prevent POCD have yet to be developed. Moreover, effective penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and maintaining viability in vivo are major challenges for preventing POCD using traditional ROS scavengers. Herein, mannose-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (mSPIONs) were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The BBB penetration of mSPIONs was verified through fluorescent imaging and ICP-MS quantification. The ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory of mSPIONs were evaluated in H2O2-treated J774A.1 cells and in tibial fracture mice model. The novel object recognition (NOR) and trace-fear conditioning (TFC) were used to test the cognitive function of postoperative mice. The average diameter of mSPIONs was approximately 11 nm. mSPIONs significantly reduced ROS levels in H2O2-treated cells and in hippocampus of surgical mice. mSPIONs administration reduced the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampus and inhibited surgery-upregulated HIF1-α/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, mSPIONs significantly improved the cognitive function of postoperative mice. This study provides a new approach for preventing POCD using a nanozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lijun Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Zhilai Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jiqian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
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Role of amyloid beta (25-35) neurotoxicity in the ferroptosis and necroptosis as modalities of regulated cell death in Alzheimer's disease. Neurotoxicology 2023; 94:71-86. [PMID: 36347329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell death as a prominent pathological feature contributes to cognitive decline and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the role of two forms of cell death pathways, ferroptosis and necroptosis, and their interactions following entorhinal cortex (EC) amyloidopathy. The Aβ25-35 was bilaterally injected into the rat's EC, and Morris Water Maze was applied to determine spatial performance one week after Aβ injection. For evaluation of ferroptosis and necroptosis involvement in Aβ induced pathology, ferroptosis inhibitor, Ferrostatin (Fer-1), and necroptosis inhibitor, Necrostatin (Nec-1), were injected into the EC during training days of behavioral test. Our behavioral and histological assessment showed spatial learning and memory impairment, along with neuropathology changes such as cell survival and intracellular Aβ deposits in response to EC amyloidopathy, which were ameliorated by treatment with Fer-1 or Nec-1. The expression of ferroptosis key factors GPX4 and SLC7A11 were decreased and the level of TfR was increased following Aβ toxicity. Also, Necroptosis pathway related factors RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL were modulated by Aβ neurotoxicity. However, application of Fer-1 or Nec-1 could inhibit the hippocampal ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways due to EC amyloidopathy. Our data also demonstrated that Aβ-induced necroptosis suppressed by Fer-1, although Nec-1 had no effect on ferroptosis, indicating that ferroptosis pathway is upstream of necroptosis process in the Aβ neurotoxicity. Moreover, Aβ induced hippocampal mGLUR5 overexpression and reduced level of STIM1/2 recovered by Fer-1 or Nec-1. According to our findings ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways are involved in Aβ neurotoxicity through modulation of mGLUR5 and STIM1/2 signaling.
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Khodabakhsh P, Bazrgar M, Mohagheghi F, Parvardeh S, Ahmadiani A. MicroRNA-140-5p inhibitor attenuates memory impairment induced by amyloid-ß oligomer in vivo possibly through Pin1 regulation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:91-103. [PMID: 36184817 PMCID: PMC9804077 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, Pin1, has a protective role in age-related neurodegeneration by targeting different phosphorylation sites of tau and the key proteins required to produce Amyloid-β, which are the well-known molecular signatures of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. The direct interaction of miR-140-5p with Pin1 mRNA and its inhibitory role in protein translation has been identified. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of miRNA-140-5p inhibition in promoting Pin1 expression and the therapeutic potential of the AntimiR-140-5p in the Aß oligomer (AßO)-induced AD rat model. METHODS Spatial learning and memory were assessed in the Morris water maze. RT-PCR, western blot, and histological assays were performed on hippocampal samples at various time points after treatments. miRNA-140-5p inhibition enhanced Pin1 and ADAM10 mRNA expressions but has little effect on Pin1 protein level. RESULTS The miRNA-140-5p inhibitor markedly ameliorated spatial learning and memory deficits induced by AßO, and concomitantly suppressed the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators TNFα and IL-1β, and phosphorylation of tau at three key sites (thr231, ser396, and ser404) as well as increased phosphorylated Ser473-Akt. CONCLUSION According to our results, Antimir-140-mediated improvement of AβO-induced neuronal injury and memory impairment in rats may provide an appropriate rationale for evaluating miR-140-5p inhibitors as a promising agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Maryam Bazrgar
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Mohagheghi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
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12
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Chiang MC, Nicol CJB. GSH-AuNP anti-oxidative stress, ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in amyloid-beta peptide-treated human neural stem cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 187:185-201. [PMID: 35660451 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are thought to promote oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial deficiency, causing neuronal loss in the AD brain. The potential applications of glutathione conjugated gold nanoparticles (GSH-AuNPs) suggest they might have therapeutic value. Several studies have demonstrated that the effects of nanoparticles could provide protective roles in AD. Here, we showed that GSH-AuNPs mediate the viability of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with Aβ, which was correlated with decreased caspase 3 and caspase 9. Importantly, hNSCs co-treated with GSH-AuNPs were significantly protected from Aβ-induced oxidative stress, as detected using the DCFH-DA, DHE, and MitoSOX staining assays. Furthermore, hNSCs co-treated with GSH-AuNPs were significantly protected from the Aβ-induced reduction in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2 downstream antioxidant target genes (SOD-1, SOD-2, Gpx, Catalase, and HO-1). In addition, GSH-AuNPs rescued the expression levels of ER stress-associated genes (Bip, CHOP, and ASK1) in Aβ-treated hNSCs. GSH-AuNPs normalized ER calcium and mitochondrial cytochrome c homeostasis in Aβ-treated hNSCs. Furthermore, treatment with GSH-AuNPs restored the levels of ATP, D-loop, mitochondrial mass, basal respiration, ATP-linked reparation, maximal respiration capacity, COX activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial genes (PGC1α, NRF-1 and Tfam) in Aβ-treated hNSCs. Taken together, these findings extend our understanding of the protective effects of GSH-AuNPs against oxidative stress, ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hNSCs with Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.
| | - Christopher J B Nicol
- Departments of Pathology & Molecular Medicine and Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada; Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Sanati M, Afshari AR, Kesharwani P, Sukhorukov VN, Sahebkar A. Recent trends in the application of nanoparticles in cancer therapy: The involvement of oxidative stress. J Control Release 2022; 348:287-304. [PMID: 35644289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the biomedical area, the interdisciplinary field of nanotechnology has the potential to bring numerous unique applications, including better tactics for cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapy. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been the topic of many research and material applications throughout the last decade. Unlike small-molecule medications, NPs are defined by distinct physicochemical characteristics, such as a large surface-to-volume ratio, which allows them to permeate live cells with relative ease. The versatility of NPs as both therapeutics and diagnostics makes them ideal for a broad spectrum of illnesses, from infectious diseases to cancer. A significant amount of data has been participated in the current scientific publications, emphasizing the concept that NPs often produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to a larger degree than micro-sized particles. It is important to note that oxidative stress governs a wide range of cell signaling cascades, many of which are responsible for cancer cell cytotoxicity. Here, we aimed to provide insight into the signaling pathways triggered by oxidative stress in cancer cells in response to several types of nanomaterials, such as metallic and polymeric NPs and quantum dots. We discuss recent advances in developing integrated anticancer medicines based on NPs targeted to destroy malignant cells by increasing their ROS setpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Moscow, Russia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Rawal SU, Patel BM, Patel MM. New Drug Delivery Systems Developed for Brain Targeting. Drugs 2022; 82:749-792. [PMID: 35596879 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSF) are two of the most complex and sophisticated concierges that defend the central nervous system (CNS) by numerous mechanisms. While they maintain the neuro-ecological homeostasis through the regulated entry of essential biomolecules, their conservative nature challenges the entry of most of the drugs intended for CNS delivery. Targeted delivery challenges for a diverse spectrum of therapeutic agents/drugs (non-small molecules, small molecules, gene-based therapeutics, protein and peptides, antibodies) are diverse and demand specialized delivery and disease-targeting strategies. This review aims to capture the trends that have shaped the current brain targeting research scenario. This review discusses the physiological, neuropharmacological, and etiological factors that participate in the transportation of various drug delivery cargoes across the BBB/BCSF and influence their therapeutic intracranial concentrations. Recent research works spanning various invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive brain- targeting approaches are discussed. While the pre-clinical outcomes from many of these approaches seem promising, further research is warranted to overcome the translational glitches that prevent their clinical use. Non-invasive approaches like intranasal administration, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition, pro-drugs, and carrier/targeted nanocarrier-aided delivery systems (alone or often in combination) hold positive clinical prospects for brain targeting if explored further in the right direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti U Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Sarkhej-Sanand Circle Off. S.G. Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382210, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
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Sanati M, Aminyavari S, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Mechanistic insight into the role of metformin in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2022; 291:120299. [PMID: 34999113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a type of dementia, is characterized by progressive memory decline and cognition impairment. Despite the considerable body of evidence regarding AD pathophysiology, current therapies merely slow down the disease progression, and a comprehensive therapeutic approach is unavailable. Accordingly, finding an efficient multifunctional remedy is necessary to blunt the increasing rate of AD incidence in the upcoming years. AD shares pathophysiological similarities (e.g., impairment of cognitive functions, insulin sensitivity, and brain glucose metabolism) with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), which offers the utilization of metformin, a biguanide hypoglycemic agent, as an alternative therapeutic approach in AD therapy. Emerging evidence has revealed the impact of metformin in patients suffering from AD. It has been described that metformin employs multiple mechanisms to improve cognition and memory impairment in pre-clinical AD models, including reduction of hippocampal amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) load, suppression of inflammation, amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, restriction of apoptotic neuronal death, and induction of neurogenesis. This review discusses the pre-clinical evidence, which may shed light on the role of metformin in AD and provide a more comprehensive mechanistic insight for future studies in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Implications of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Akt (PI3K-Akt) Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:354-385. [PMID: 34699027 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the foremost type of dementia that afflicts considerable morbidity and mortality in aged population. Several transcription molecules, pathways, and molecular mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and immune system interact in a multifaceted way that disrupt physiological processes (cell growth, differentiation, survival, lipid and energy metabolism, endocytosis) leading to apoptosis, tauopathy, β-amyloidopathy, neuron, and synapse loss, which play an important role in AD pathophysiology. Despite of stupendous advancements in pathogenic mechanisms, treatment of AD is still a nightmare in the field of medicine. There is compelling urgency to find not only symptomatic but effective disease-modifying therapies. Recently, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt are identified as a pathway triggered by diverse stimuli, including insulin, growth factors, cytokines, and cellular stress, that link amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, and brain atrophy. The present review aims to explore and analyze the role of PI3K-Akt pathway in AD and agents which may modulate Akt and have therapeutic prospects in AD. The literature was researched using keywords "PI3K-Akt" and "Alzheimer's disease" from PubMed, Web of Science, Bentham, Science Direct, Springer Nature, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases including books. Articles published from 1992 to 2021 were prioritized and analyzed for their strengths and limitations, and most appropriate ones were selected for the purpose of review. PI3K-Akt pathway regulates various biological processes such as cell proliferation, motility, growth, survival, and metabolic functions, and inhibits many neurotoxic mechanisms. Furthermore, experimental data indicate that PI3K-Akt signaling might be an important therapeutic target in treatment of AD.
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