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Boi L, Fisone G. Investigating affective neuropsychiatric symptoms in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 174:119-186. [PMID: 38341228 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Affective neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and apathy are among the most frequent non-motor symptoms observed in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). These conditions often emerge during the prodromal phase of the disease and are generally considered to result from neurodegenerative processes in meso-corticolimbic structures, occurring in parallel to the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Depression, anxiety, and apathy are often treated with conventional medications, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and dopaminergic agonists. The ability of these pharmacological interventions to consistently counteract such neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD is still relatively limited and the development of reliable experimental models represents an important tool to identify more effective treatments. This chapter provides information on rodent models of PD utilized to study these affective neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neurotoxin-based and genetic models are discussed, together with the main behavioral tests utilized to identify depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, anhedonia, and apathy. The ability of various therapeutic approaches to counteract the symptoms observed in the various models is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Deng I, Bobrovskaya L. Lipopolysaccharide mouse models for Parkinson's disease research: a critical appraisal. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2413-2417. [PMID: 35535880 PMCID: PMC9120679 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.331866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, the most common movement disorder, has a strong neuroinflammatory aspect. This is evident by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, and the presence of activated microglial cells, and inflammatory cytokines in the substantia nigra of post-mortem brains as well as cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients. The central and peripheral neuroinflammatory aspects of Parkinson's disease can be investigated in vivo via administration of the inflammagen lipopolysaccharide, a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. In this mini-review, we will critically evaluate different routes of lipopolysaccharide administration (including intranasal systemic and stereotasic), their relevance to clinical Parkinson's disease as well as the recent findings in lipopolysaccharide mouse models. We will also share our own experiences with systemic and intrastriatal lipopolysaccharide models in C57BL/6 mice and will discuss the usefulness of lipopolysaccharide mouse models for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Deng
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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García-Revilla J, Herrera AJ, de Pablos RM, Venero JL. Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S165-S182. [PMID: 35662128 PMCID: PMC9535574 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that microglia and peripheral immune cells may play determinant roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Consequently, there is a need to take advantage of immune-related models of PD to study the potential contribution of microglia and peripheral immune cells to the degeneration of the nigrostriatal system and help develop potential therapies for PD. In this review, we have summarised the main PD immune models. From a historical perspective, we highlight first the main features of intranigral injections of different pro-inflammogens, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thrombin, neuromelanin, etc. The use of adenoviral vectors to promote microglia-specific overexpression of different molecules in the ventral mesencephalon, including α-synuclein, IL-1β, and TNF, are also presented and briefly discussed. Finally, we summarise different models associated with peripheral inflammation whose contribution to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is now an outstanding question. Illustrative examples included systemic LPS administration and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Revilla
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío M. de Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Klæstrup IH, Just MK, Holm KL, Alstrup AKO, Romero-Ramos M, Borghammer P, Van Den Berge N. Impact of aging on animal models of Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:909273. [PMID: 35966779 PMCID: PMC9366194 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.909273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the biggest risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Several animal models have been developed to explore the pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration and the initiation and spread of alpha-synuclein-related PD pathology, and to investigate biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. However, bench-to-bedside translation of preclinical findings remains suboptimal and successful disease-modifying treatments remain to be discovered. Despite aging being the main risk factor for developing idiopathic PD, most studies employ young animals in their experimental set-up, hereby ignoring age-related cellular and molecular mechanisms at play. Consequently, studies in young animals may not be an accurate reflection of human PD, limiting translational outcomes. Recently, it has been shown that aged animals in PD research demonstrate a higher susceptibility to developing pathology and neurodegeneration, and present with a more disseminated and accelerated disease course, compared to young animals. Here we review recent advances in the investigation of the role of aging in preclinical PD research, including challenges related to aged animal models that are limiting widespread use. Overall, current findings indicate that the use of aged animals may be required to account for age-related interactions in PD pathophysiology. Thus, although the use of older animals has disadvantages, a model that better represents clinical disease within the elderly would be more beneficial in the long run, as it will increase translational value and minimize the risk of therapies failing during clinical studies. Furthermore, we provide recommendations to manage the challenges related to aged animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hyllen Klæstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mie Kristine Just
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Van Den Berge
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Hong SM, Ju IG, Kim JH, Park SC, Choi JG, Sohn MW, Oh MS, Kim SY. The novel anti-neuroinflammatory functional food CCL01, a mixture of Cuscuta seed extracts and Lactobacillus paracasei NK112. Food Funct 2022; 13:7638-7649. [PMID: 35735022 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01150f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, which occurs due to microglia, is related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, the development of functional foods that down-regulate over-activated microglial cells to prevent the progression of neurodegenerative disorders has been proposed, since over-activated microglia induce a chronic source of neurotoxic factors and reduce neuronal survival. Thus, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of a functional food mixture (CCL01) including Cuscuta seeds and Lactobacillus paracasei NK112 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced experimental models were investigated. In LPS-induced in vitro models, the expression levels of inflammatory mediators (e.g., inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) were decreased upon CCL01 treatment. CCL01 showed an anti-neuroinflammatory effect in LPS-induced microglial cells via the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway and the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. In the LPS-treated in vivo mouse models, the increased expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), which indicates microglial activity, was markedly decreased upon treatment with CCL01 (50 and 200 mg kg-1) in the hippocampus and cortex areas of the mouse brains in comparison with the LPS-injected group. In addition, the groups to which CCL01 was administered had significantly decreased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the LPS-injected mouse models. Our data suggest that CCL01 may be a potential anti-neuroinflammatory agent that can prevent microglia overactivation, and it could be useful for developing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Gyoung Ju
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #26, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #26, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Park
- MThera Pharma Co., Ltd, #102, 38, Magokjungang 8-ro 1-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- MThera Pharma Co., Ltd, #102, 38, Magokjungang 8-ro 1-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Won Sohn
- MThera Pharma Co., Ltd, #102, 38, Magokjungang 8-ro 1-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #26, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #26, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, #26, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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Van Den Berge N, Ulusoy A. Animal models of brain-first and body-first Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 163:105599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Ferreira Junior NC, dos Santos Pereira M, Francis N, Ramirez P, Martorell P, González-Lizarraga F, Figadère B, Chehin R, Del Bel E, Raisman-Vozari R, Michel PP. The Chemically-Modified Tetracycline COL-3 and Its Parent Compound Doxycycline Prevent Microglial Inflammatory Responses by Reducing Glucose-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082163. [PMID: 34440932 PMCID: PMC8392055 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We used mouse microglial cells in culture activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or α-synuclein amyloid aggregates (αSa) to study the anti-inflammatory effects of COL-3, a tetracycline derivative without antimicrobial activity. Under LPS or αSa stimulation, COL-3 (10, 20 µM) efficiently repressed the induction of the microglial activation marker protein Iba-1 and the stimulated-release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. COL-3′s inhibitory effects on TNF-α were reproduced by the tetracycline antibiotic doxycycline (DOX; 50 µM), the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, and apocynin (APO), an inhibitor of the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase. This last observation suggested that COL-3 and DOX might also operate themselves by restraining oxidative stress-mediated signaling events. Quantitative measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels revealed that COL-3 and DOX were indeed as effective as APO in reducing oxidative stress and TNF-α release in activated microglia. ROS inhibition with COL-3 or DOX occurred together with a reduction of microglial glucose accumulation and NADPH synthesis. This suggested that COL-3 and DOX might reduce microglial oxidative burst activity by limiting the glucose-dependent synthesis of NADPH, the requisite substrate for NADPH oxidase. Coherent with this possibility, the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose reproduced the immunosuppressive action of COL-3 and DOX in activated microglia. Overall, we propose that COL-3 and its parent compound DOX exert anti-inflammatory effects in microglial cells by inhibiting glucose-dependent ROS production. These effects might be strengthened by the intrinsic antioxidant properties of DOX and COL-3 in a self-reinforcing manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilson Carlos Ferreira Junior
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (N.C.F.J.); (M.d.S.P.); (N.F.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Café, s/no, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil;
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Maurício dos Santos Pereira
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (N.C.F.J.); (M.d.S.P.); (N.F.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Café, s/no, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil;
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Nour Francis
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (N.C.F.J.); (M.d.S.P.); (N.F.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Ramirez
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (N.C.F.J.); (M.d.S.P.); (N.F.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Paula Martorell
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (N.C.F.J.); (M.d.S.P.); (N.F.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Florencia González-Lizarraga
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), CP 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (F.G.-L.); (R.C.)
| | - Bruno Figadère
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
| | - Rosana Chehin
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), CP 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (F.G.-L.); (R.C.)
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Café, s/no, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil;
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (N.C.F.J.); (M.d.S.P.); (N.F.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.-V.); (P.P.M.); Tel.: +33-(0)157274550 (R.R.-V.); +33-(0)157274534 (P.P.M.)
| | - Patrick Pierre Michel
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (N.C.F.J.); (M.d.S.P.); (N.F.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.-V.); (P.P.M.); Tel.: +33-(0)157274550 (R.R.-V.); +33-(0)157274534 (P.P.M.)
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