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Sandhu YK, Bath HS, Shergill J, Liang C, Syed AU, Ngo A, Karim F, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Mukherjee J. [ 18F]Flotaza for Aβ Plaque Diagnostic Imaging: Evaluation in Postmortem Human Alzheimer's Disease Brain Hippocampus and PET/CT Imaging in 5xFAD Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7890. [PMID: 39063132 PMCID: PMC11277463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic value of imaging Aβ plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has accelerated the development of fluorine-18 labeled radiotracers with a longer half-life for easier translation to clinical use. We have developed [18F]flotaza, which shows high binding to Aβ plaques in postmortem human AD brain slices with low white matter binding. We report the binding of [18F]flotaza in postmortem AD hippocampus compared to cognitively normal (CN) brains and the evaluation of [18F]flotaza in transgenic 5xFAD mice expressing Aβ plaques. [18F]Flotaza binding was assessed in well-characterized human postmortem brain tissue sections consisting of HP CA1-subiculum (HP CA1-SUB) regions in AD (n = 28; 13 male and 15 female) and CN subjects (n = 32; 16 male and 16 female). Adjacent slices were immunostained with anti-Aβ and analyzed using QuPath. In vitro and in vivo [18F]flotaza PET/CT studies were carried out in 5xFAD mice. Post-mortem human brain slices from all AD subjects were positively IHC stained with anti-Aβ. High [18F]flotaza binding was measured in the HP CA1-SUB grey matter (GM) regions compared to white matter (WM) of AD subjects with GM/WM > 100 in some subjects. The majority of CN subjects had no decipherable binding. Male AD exhibited greater WM than AD females (AD WM♂/WM♀ > 5; p < 0.001) but no difference amongst CN WM. In vitro studies in 5xFAD mice brain slices exhibited high binding [18F]flotaza ratios (>50 versus cerebellum) in the cortex, HP, and thalamus. In vivo, PET [18F]flotaza exhibited binding to Aβ plaques in 5xFAD mice with SUVR~1.4. [18F]Flotaza is a new Aβ plaque PET imaging agent that exhibited high binding to Aβ plaques in postmortem human AD. Along with the promising results in 5xFAD mice, the translation of [18F]flotaza to human PET studies may be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin K. Sandhu
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.U.S.); (A.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Harman S. Bath
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.U.S.); (A.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Jasmine Shergill
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.U.S.); (A.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Christopher Liang
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.U.S.); (A.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Amina U. Syed
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.U.S.); (A.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Allyson Ngo
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.U.S.); (A.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Fariha Karim
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.U.S.); (A.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Geidy E. Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA; (G.E.S.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA; (G.E.S.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (A.U.S.); (A.N.); (F.K.)
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2
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Everett J, Brooks J, Tjendana Tjhin V, Lermyte F, Hands-Portman I, Plascencia-Villa G, Perry G, Sadler PJ, O’Connor PB, Collingwood JF, Telling ND. Label-Free In Situ Chemical Characterization of Amyloid Plaques in Human Brain Tissues. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1469-1483. [PMID: 38501754 PMCID: PMC10995949 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid plaques and increased brain redox burdens are neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Altered metabolism of essential biometals is another feature of Alzheimer's, with amyloid plaques representing sites of disturbed metal homeostasis. Despite these observations, metal-targeting disease treatments have not been therapeutically effective to date. A better understanding of amyloid plaque composition and the role of the metals associated with them is critical. To establish this knowledge, the ability to resolve chemical variations at nanometer length scales relevant to biology is essential. Here, we present a methodology for the label-free, nanoscale chemical characterization of amyloid plaques within human Alzheimer's disease tissue using synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy. Our approach exploits a C-H carbon absorption feature, consistent with the presence of lipids, to visualize amyloid plaques selectively against the tissue background, allowing chemical analysis to be performed without the addition of amyloid dyes that alter the native sample chemistry. Using this approach, we show that amyloid plaques contain elevated levels of calcium, carbonates, and iron compared to the surrounding brain tissue. Chemical analysis of iron within plaques revealed the presence of chemically reduced, low-oxidation-state phases, including ferromagnetic metallic iron. The zero-oxidation state of ferromagnetic iron determines its high chemical reactivity and so may contribute to the redox burden in the Alzheimer's brain and thus drive neurodegeneration. Ferromagnetic metallic iron has no established physiological function in the brain and may represent a target for therapies designed to lower redox burdens in Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, ferromagnetic metallic iron has magnetic properties that are distinct from the iron oxide forms predominant in tissue, which might be exploitable for the in vivo detection of amyloid pathologies using magnetically sensitive imaging. We anticipate that this label-free X-ray imaging approach will provide further insights into the chemical composition of amyloid plaques, facilitating better understanding of how plaques influence the course of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- School
of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive,Stoke-on-Trent,Staffordshire ST4 7QB, U.K.
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Jake Brooks
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Vindy Tjendana Tjhin
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ian Hands-Portman
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department
of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - George Perry
- Department
of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Peter B. O’Connor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Library Road,Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Neil D. Telling
- School
of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive,Stoke-on-Trent,Staffordshire ST4 7QB, U.K.
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3
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Singh S A, Ansari MN, M. Elossaily G, Vellapandian C, Prajapati B. Investigating the Potential Impact of Air Pollution on Alzheimer's Disease and the Utility of Multidimensional Imaging for Early Detection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8615-8631. [PMID: 38434844 PMCID: PMC10905749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pollution is ubiquitous, and much of it is anthropogenic in nature, which is a severe risk factor not only for respiratory infections or asthma sufferers but also for Alzheimer's disease, which has received a lot of attention recently. This Review aims to investigate the primary environmental risk factors and their profound impact on Alzheimer's disease. It underscores the pivotal role of multidimensional imaging in early disease identification and prevention. Conducting a comprehensive review, we delved into a plethora of literature sources available through esteemed databases, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed. Our search strategy incorporated keywords such as "Alzheimer Disease", "Alzheimer's", "Dementia", "Oxidative Stress", and "Phytotherapy" in conjunction with "Criteria Pollutants", "Imaging", "Pathology", and "Particulate Matter". Alzheimer's disease is not only a result of complex biological factors but is exacerbated by the infiltration of airborne particles and gases that surreptitiously breach the nasal defenses to traverse the brain, akin to a Trojan horse. Various imaging modalities and noninvasive techniques have been harnessed to identify disease progression in its incipient stages. However, each imaging approach possesses inherent limitations, prompting exploration of a unified technique under a single umbrella. Multidimensional imaging stands as the linchpin for detecting and forestalling the relentless march of Alzheimer's disease. Given the intricate etiology of the condition, identifying a prospective candidate for Alzheimer's disease may take decades, rendering the development of a multimodal imaging technique an imperative. This research underscores the pressing need to recognize the chronic ramifications of invisible particulate matter and to advance our understanding of the insidious environmental factors that contribute to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankul Singh S
- Department
of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chitra Vellapandian
- Department
of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Bhupendra Prajapati
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Shree S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Gozaria Highway, Mehsana, North Gujarat 384012, India
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4
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Ni R, Chen Z, Deán-Ben XL, Voigt FF, Kirschenbaum D, Shi G, Villois A, Zhou Q, Crimi A, Arosio P, Nitsch RM, Nilsson KPR, Aguzzi A, Helmchen F, Klohs J, Razansky D. Multiscale optical and optoacoustic imaging of amyloid-β deposits in mice. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:1031-1044. [PMID: 35835994 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brains of rodents can be analysed by invasive intravital microscopy on a submillimetre scale, or via whole-brain images from modalities lacking the resolution or molecular specificity to accurately characterize Aβ pathologies. Here we show that large-field multifocal illumination fluorescence microscopy and panoramic volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography can be combined to longitudinally assess Aβ deposits in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. We used fluorescent Aβ-targeted probes (the luminescent conjugated oligothiophene HS-169 and the oxazine-derivative AOI987) to transcranially detect Aβ deposits in the cortex of APP/PS1 and arcAβ mice with single-plaque resolution (8 μm) and across the whole brain (including the hippocampus and the thalamus, which are inaccessible by conventional intravital microscopy) at sub-150 μm resolutions. Two-photon microscopy, light-sheet microscopy and immunohistochemistry of brain-tissue sections confirmed the specificity and regional distributions of the deposits. High-resolution multiscale optical and optoacoustic imaging of Aβ deposits across the entire brain in rodents thus facilitates the in vivo study of Aβ accumulation by brain region and by animal age and strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian F Voigt
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gloria Shi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Villois
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Crimi
- Institute of Neuropathology, Universitätsspital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Neuropathology, Universitätsspital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Chourrout M, Roux M, Boisvert C, Gislard C, Legland D, Arganda-Carreras I, Olivier C, Peyrin F, Boutin H, Rama N, Baron T, Meyronet D, Brun E, Rositi H, Wiart M, Chauveau F. Brain virtual histology with X-ray phase-contrast tomography Part II:3D morphologies of amyloid- β plaques in Alzheimer's disease models. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1640-1653. [PMID: 35414980 PMCID: PMC8973161 DOI: 10.1364/boe.438890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
While numerous transgenic mouse strains have been produced to model the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain, efficient methods for whole-brain 3D analysis of Aβ deposits have to be validated and standardized. Moreover, routine immunohistochemistry performed on brain slices precludes any shape analysis of Aβ plaques, or require complex procedures for serial acquisition and reconstruction. The present study shows how in-line (propagation-based) X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) combined with ethanol-induced brain sample dehydration enables hippocampus-wide detection and morphometric analysis of Aβ plaques. Performed in three distinct Alzheimer mouse strains, the proposed workflow identified differences in signal intensity and 3D shape parameters: 3xTg displayed a different type of Aβ plaques, with a larger volume and area, greater elongation, flatness and mean breadth, and more intense average signal than J20 and APP/PS1. As a label-free non-destructive technique, XPCT can be combined with standard immunohistochemistry. XPCT virtual histology could thus become instrumental in quantifying the 3D spreading and the morphological impact of seeding when studying prion-like properties of Aβ aggregates in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. This is Part II of a series of two articles reporting the value of in-line XPCT for virtual histology of the brain; Part I shows how in-line XPCT enables 3D myelin mapping in the whole rodent brain and in human autopsy brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Chourrout
- Univ. Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, Inserm U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Roux
- Univ. Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, Inserm U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carlie Boisvert
- Univ. Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, Inserm U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Current affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Coralie Gislard
- Univ. Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, Inserm U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Ignacio Arganda-Carreras
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Cécile Olivier
- Univ. Lyon, CREATIS; CNRS UMR5220; INSERM U1044; INSA-Lyon; Univ. Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Peyrin
- Univ. Lyon, CREATIS; CNRS UMR5220; INSERM U1044; INSA-Lyon; Univ. Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Univ. Manchester, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicolas Rama
- Univ. Lyon, CRCL; INSERM U1052; CNRS UMR5286; Univ. Lyon 1; Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Brun
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm UA07 Strobe Grenoble, France
| | - Hugo Rositi
- Univ. Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal; CNRS UMR 6602; SIGMA Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marlène Wiart
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory; INSERM U1060; INRA U1397; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS, Lyon, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fabien Chauveau
- Univ. Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, Inserm U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, Lyon, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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6
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Ni R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12768. [PMID: 34884573 PMCID: PMC8657987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Aberrant Aβ accumulation induces neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular alterations, and synaptic deficits, leading to cognitive impairment. Animal models recapitulating the Aβ pathology, such as transgenic, knock-in mouse and rat models, have facilitated the understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutics targeting Aβ. There is a rapid advance in high-field MRI in small animals. Versatile high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, such as diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labeling, resting-state functional MRI, anatomical MRI, and MR spectroscopy, as well as contrast agents, have been developed for preclinical imaging in animal models. These tools have enabled high-resolution in vivo structural, functional, and molecular readouts with a whole-brain field of view. MRI has been used to visualize non-invasively the Aβ deposits, synaptic deficits, regional brain atrophy, impairment in white matter integrity, functional connectivity, and cerebrovascular and glymphatic system in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. Many of the readouts are translational toward clinical MRI applications in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in MRI for visualizing the pathophysiology in amyloidosis animal models. We discuss the outstanding challenges in brain imaging using MRI in small animals and propose future outlook in visualizing Aβ-related alterations in the brains of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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In vivo multi-parametric manganese-enhanced MRI for detecting amyloid plaques in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12419. [PMID: 34127752 PMCID: PMC8203664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that develop in its earliest stages. Thus, non-invasive detection of these plaques would be invaluable for diagnosis and the development and monitoring of treatments, but this remains a challenge due to their small size. Here, we investigated the utility of manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) for visualizing plaques in transgenic rodent models of AD across two species: 5xFAD mice and TgF344-AD rats. Animals were given subcutaneous injections of MnCl2 and imaged in vivo using a 9.4 T Bruker scanner. MnCl2 improved signal-to-noise ratio but was not necessary to detect plaques in high-resolution images. Plaques were visible in all transgenic animals and no wild-types, and quantitative susceptibility mapping showed that they were more paramagnetic than the surrounding tissue. This, combined with beta-amyloid and iron staining, indicate that plaque MR visibility in both animal models was driven by plaque size and iron load. Longitudinal relaxation rate mapping revealed increased manganese uptake in brain regions of high plaque burden in transgenic animals compared to their wild-type littermates. This was limited to the rhinencephalon in the TgF344-AD rats, while it was most significantly increased in the cortex of the 5xFAD mice. Alizarin Red staining suggests that manganese bound to plaques in 5xFAD mice but not in TgF344-AD rats. Multi-parametric MEMRI is a simple, viable method for detecting amyloid plaques in rodent models of AD. Manganese-induced signal enhancement can enable higher-resolution imaging, which is key to visualizing these small amyloid deposits. We also present the first in vivo evidence of manganese as a potential targeted contrast agent for imaging plaques in the 5xFAD model of AD.
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8
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Dong CM, Guo AS, To A, Chan KWY, Chow ASF, Bian L, Leong ATL, Wu EX. Early Detection of Amyloid β Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease by Molecular MRI .. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:1100-1103. [PMID: 33018178 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease and the most common cause of dementia. Early stage β-amyloid oligomers (AβOs) and late stage Aβ plaques are the pathological hallmarks of AD brains. AβOs are known to be more neurotoxic and contribute to neuronal damage. Most current approaches are focused on detecting Aβ plaques, which occurs at the late stage of AD, and are limited by poor sensitivity and/or contrast agent toxicity. In previous studies, we developed a new curcumin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticle (Cur-MNPs) to target the Aβ pathologies. In this study, we investigate the in vivo feasibility of this novel Cur-MNPs to detect Aβ pathologies at the early and late stages of AD in transgenic AD mice and perform immunohistochemical examinations to validate the specific targeting of various form of Aβ pathologies.
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9
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Hybrid PET/MRI enables high-spatial resolution, quantitative imaging of amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10379. [PMID: 32587315 PMCID: PMC7316864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of PET probes for amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD), enables monitoring of pathology in AD mouse models. However, small-animal PET imaging is limited by coarse spatial resolution. We have installed a custom-fabricated PET insert into our small-animal MRI instrument and used PET/MRI hybrid imaging to define regions of amyloid vulnerability in 5xFAD mice. We compared fluorine-18 [18F]-Florbetapir uptake in the 5xFAD brain by dedicated small-animal PET/MRI and PET/CT to validate the quantitative measurement of PET/MRI. Next, we used PET/MRI to define uptake in six brain regions. As expected, uptake was comparable to wild-type in the cerebellum and elevated in the cortex and hippocampus, regions implicated in AD. Interestingly, uptake was highest in the thalamus, a region often overlooked in AD studies. Development of small-animal PET/MRI enables tracking of brain region-specific pathology in mouse models, which may prove invaluable to understanding AD progression and therapeutic development.
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Tezel G, Timur SS, Bozkurt İ, Türkoğlu ÖF, Eroğlu İ, Nemutlu E, Öner L, Eroğlu H. A Snapshot on the Current Status of Alzheimer’s Disease, Treatment Perspectives, in-Vitro and in-Vivo Research Studies and Future Opportunities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1030-1041. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tezel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Selin Seda Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | | | - Ö. Faruk Türkoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara Atatürk Research and Education Hospital
| | - İpek Eroğlu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Levent Öner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Hakan Eroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
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11
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Everett J, Collingwood JF, Tjendana-Tjhin V, Brooks J, Lermyte F, Plascencia-Villa G, Hands-Portman I, Dobson J, Perry G, Telling ND. Nanoscale synchrotron X-ray speciation of iron and calcium compounds in amyloid plaque cores from Alzheimer's disease subjects. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11782-11796. [PMID: 29688240 PMCID: PMC6034173 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06794a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolism of biometals in the brain is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, and biometal interactions with amyloid-β are linked to amyloid plaque formation. Iron-rich aggregates, including evidence for the mixed-valence iron oxide magnetite, are associated with amyloid plaques. To test the hypothesis that increased chemical reduction of iron, as observed in vitro in the presence of aggregating amyloid-β, may occur at sites of amyloid plaque formation in the human brain, the nanoscale distribution and physicochemical states of biometals, particularly iron, were characterised in isolated amyloid plaque cores from human Alzheimer's disease cases using synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy. In situ X-ray magnetic circular dichroism revealed the presence of magnetite: a finding supported by ptychographic observation of an iron oxide crystal with the morphology of biogenic magnetite. The exceptional sensitivity and specificity of X-ray spectromicroscopy, combining chemical and magnetic probes, allowed enhanced differentiation of the iron oxides phases present. This facilitated the discovery and speciation of ferrous-rich phases and lower oxidation state phases resembling zero-valent iron as well as magnetite. Sequestered calcium was discovered in two distinct mineral forms suggesting a dynamic process of amyloid plaque calcification in vivo. The range of iron oxidation states present and the direct observation of biogenic magnetite provide unparalleled support for the hypothesis that chemical reduction of iron arises in conjunction with the formation of amyloid plaques. These new findings raise challenging questions about the relative impacts of amyloid-β aggregation, plaque formation, and disrupted metal homeostasis on the oxidative burden observed in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine
, Thornburrow Drive
, Keele University
,
Staffordshire
, ST4 7QB
, UK
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Joanna F. Collingwood
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
, University of Florida
,
Gainesville
, FL 32611
, USA
| | - Vindy Tjendana-Tjhin
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Jake Brooks
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine
, School of Engineering
, Library Road
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
.
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy. The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA)
,
San Antonio
, TX
78249
, USA
| | - Ian Hands-Portman
- School of Life Sciences
, Gibbet Hill Campus
, University of Warwick
,
Coventry
, CV4 7AL
, UK
| | - Jon Dobson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
, University of Florida
,
Gainesville
, FL 32611
, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
, Institute for Cell and Tissue Science & Engineering
, University of Florida
,
Gainesville
, FL 32611
, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and UTSA Neurosciences Institute. The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA)
,
San Antonio
, TX
78249
, USA
| | - Neil D. Telling
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine
, Thornburrow Drive
, Keele University
,
Staffordshire
, ST4 7QB
, UK
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12
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Contrast-enhanced MR microscopy of amyloid plaques in five mouse models of amyloidosis and in human Alzheimer's disease brains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4955. [PMID: 28694463 PMCID: PMC5504006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-stained MRI is based on Gd contrast agent (CA) administration into the brain parenchyma. The strong signal increase induced by Gd CA can be converted into resolution enhancement to record microscopic MR images. Moreover, inhomogeneous distribution of the Gd CA in the brain improves the contrast between different tissues and provides new contrasts in MR images. Gd-stained MRI detects amyloid plaques, one of the microscopic lesions of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in APPSL/PS1M146L mice or in primates. Numerous transgenic mice with various plaque typologies have been developed to mimic cerebral amyloidosis and comparison of plaque detection between animal models and humans with new imaging methods is a recurrent concern. Here, we investigated detection of amyloid plaques by Gd-stained MRI in five mouse models of amyloidosis (APPSL/PS1M146L, APP/PS1dE9, APP23, APPSwDI, and 3xTg) presenting with compact, diffuse and intracellular plaques as well as in post mortem human-AD brains. The brains were then evaluated by histology to investigate the impact of size, compactness, and iron load of amyloid plaques on their detection by MRI. We show that Gd-stained MRI allows detection of compact amyloid plaques as small as 25 µm, independently of their iron load, in mice as well as in human-AD brains.
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13
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Lacerda S, Morfin JF, Geraldes CFGC, Tóth É. Metal complexes for multimodal imaging of misfolded protein-related diseases. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14461-14474. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02371e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of misfolded proteins and progressive polymerization of otherwise soluble proteins is a common hallmark of several highly debilitating and increasingly prevalent diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, type II diabetes and Parkinson's, Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lacerda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire
- CNRS
- UPR 4301
- Université d'Orléans
- 45071 Orléans Cedex 2
| | - J.-F. Morfin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire
- CNRS
- UPR 4301
- Université d'Orléans
- 45071 Orléans Cedex 2
| | - C. F. G. C. Geraldes
- Department of Life Sciences
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology
- University of Coimbra
- 3000-393 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - É. Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire
- CNRS
- UPR 4301
- Université d'Orléans
- 45071 Orléans Cedex 2
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14
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Tafoya MA, Madi S, Sillerud LO. Superparamagnetic nanoparticle-enhanced MRI of Alzheimer's disease plaques and activated microglia in 3X transgenic mouse brains: Contrast optimization. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 46:574-588. [PMID: 27875002 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of antibody-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles for detecting amyloid-β plaques and activated microglia in a 3X transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten 3X Tg mice were fed either chow or chow containing 100 ppm resveratrol. Four brains, selected from animals injected with either anti-amyloid targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, or anti-Iba-1-conjugated FePt-nanoparticles, were excised, fixed with formalin, and placed in Fomblin for ex vivo MRI (11.7T) using multislice-multiecho, multiple gradient echo, rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement, and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Aβ plaques and areas of neuroinflammation appeared as hypointense regions whose number, location, and Z-score were measured as a function of sequence type and echo time. RESULTS The MR contrast was due to the shortening of the transverse relaxation time of the plaque-adjacent tissue water. A theoretical analysis of this effect showed that the echo time was the primary determinant of plaque contrast and was used to optimize Z-scores. The Z-scores of the detected lesions varied from 21 to 34 as the echo times varied from 4 to 25 msec, with SWI providing the highest Z-score and number of detected lesions. Computation of the entire plaque and activated microglial distributions in 3D showed that resveratrol treatment led to a reduction of ∼24-fold of Aβ plaque density and ∼4-fold in microglial activation. CONCLUSION Optimized MRI of antibody-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles served to reveal the 3D distributions of both Aβ plaques and activated microglia and to measure the effects of drug treatments in this 3X Tg model. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:574-588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Tafoya
- UNM BRaIN Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Laurel O Sillerud
- UNM BRaIN Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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15
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Salerno M, Santo Domingo Porqueras D. Alzheimer's disease: The use of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging to detect amyloid beta peptide inside the brain. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Santin MD, Vandenberghe ME, Herard AS, Pradier L, Cohen C, Debeir T, Delzescaux T, Rooney T, Dhenain M. In Vivo Detection of Amyloid Plaques by Gadolinium-Stained MRI Can Be Used to Demonstrate the Efficacy of an Anti-amyloid Immunotherapy. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:55. [PMID: 27047372 PMCID: PMC4802995 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular deposition of β amyloid plaques is an early event associated to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we have used in vivo gadolinium-stained high resolution (29∗29∗117 μm3) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to follow-up in a longitudinal way individual amyloid plaques in APP/PS1 mice and evaluate the efficacy of a new immunotherapy (SAR255952) directed against protofibrillar and fibrillary forms of Aβ. APP/PS1 mice were treated for 5 months between the age of 3.5 and 8.5 months. SAR255952 reduced amyloid load in 8.5-months-old animals, but not in 5.5-months animals compared to mice treated with a control antibody (DM4). Histological evaluation confirmed the reduction of amyloid load and revealed a lower density of amyloid plaques in 8.5-months SAR255952-treated animals. The longitudinal follow-up of individual amyloid plaques by MRI revealed that plaques that were visible at 5.5 months were still visible at 8.5 months in both SAR255952 and DM4-treated mice. This suggests that the amyloid load reduction induced by SAR255952 is related to a slowing down in the formation of new plaques rather than to the clearance of already formed plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu D Santin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases LaboratoryFontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, MIRCenFontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Michel E Vandenberghe
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases LaboratoryFontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, MIRCenFontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Herard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases LaboratoryFontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, MIRCenFontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurent Pradier
- Sanofi, Neurodegeneration and Pain Unit Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Caroline Cohen
- Sanofi, Neurodegeneration and Pain Unit Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | - Thierry Delzescaux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases LaboratoryFontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, MIRCenFontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thomas Rooney
- Sanofi, Neurodegeneration and Pain Unit Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases LaboratoryFontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, MIRCenFontenay-aux-Roses, France
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17
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High-throughput 3D whole-brain quantitative histopathology in rodents. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20958. [PMID: 26876372 PMCID: PMC4753455 DOI: 10.1038/srep20958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Histology is the gold standard to unveil microscopic brain structures and pathological alterations in humans and animal models of disease. However, due to tedious manual interventions, quantification of histopathological markers is classically performed on a few tissue sections, thus restricting measurements to limited portions of the brain. Recently developed 3D microscopic imaging techniques have allowed in-depth study of neuroanatomy. However, quantitative methods are still lacking for whole-brain analysis of cellular and pathological markers. Here, we propose a ready-to-use, automated, and scalable method to thoroughly quantify histopathological markers in 3D in rodent whole brains. It relies on block-face photography, serial histology and 3D-HAPi (Three Dimensional Histology Analysis Pipeline), an open source image analysis software. We illustrate our method in studies involving mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and show that it can be broadly applied to characterize animal models of brain diseases, to evaluate therapeutic interventions, to anatomically correlate cellular and pathological markers throughout the entire brain and to validate in vivo imaging techniques.
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18
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Augustinack JC, van der Kouwe AJW. Postmortem imaging and neuropathologic correlations. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 136:1321-39. [PMID: 27430472 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53486-6.00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem imaging refers to scanning autopsy specimens using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or optical imaging. This chapter summarizes postmortem imaging and its usefulness in brain mapping. Standard in vivo MRI has limited resolution due to time constraints and does not deliver cortical boundaries (e.g., Brodmann areas). Postmortem imaging offers a means to obtain ultra-high-resolution images with appropriate contrast for delineating cortical regions. Postmortem imaging provides the ability to validate MRI properties against histologic stained sections. This approach has enabled probabilistic mapping that is based on ex vivo MRI contrast, validated to histology, and subsequently mapped on to an in vivo model. This chapter emphasizes structural imaging, which can be validated with histologic assessment. Postmortem imaging has been applied to neuropathologic studies as well. This chapter includes many ex vivo studies, but focuses on studies of the medial temporal lobe, often involved in neurologic disease. New research using optical imaging is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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19
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Lin L, Fu Z, Xu X, Wu S. Mouse brain magnetic resonance microscopy: Applications in Alzheimer disease. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:416-24. [PMID: 25810274 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, various Alzheimer's disease (AD) trangenetic mice models harboring genes with mutation known to cause familial AD have been created. Today, high-resolution magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) technology is being widely used in the study of AD mouse models. It has greatly facilitated and advanced our knowledge of AD. In this review, most of the attention is paid to fundamental of MRM, the construction of standard mouse MRM brain template and atlas, the detection of amyloid plaques, following up on brain atrophy and the future applications of MRM in transgenic AD mice. It is believed that future testing of potential drugs in mouse models with MRM will greatly improve the predictability of drug effect in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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20
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Adlard PA, Tran BA, Finkelstein DI, Desmond PM, Johnston LA, Bush AI, Egan GF. A review of β-amyloid neuroimaging in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:327. [PMID: 25400539 PMCID: PMC4215612 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. As advancing age is the greatest risk factor for developing AD, the number of those afflicted is expected to increase markedly with the aging of the world's population. The inability to definitively diagnose AD until autopsy remains an impediment to establishing effective targeted treatments. Neuroimaging has enabled in vivo visualization of pathological changes in the brain associated with the disease, providing a greater understanding of its pathophysiological development and progression. However, neuroimaging biomarkers do not yet offer clear advantages over current clinical diagnostic criteria for them to be accepted into routine clinical use. Nonetheless, current insights from neuroimaging combined with the elucidation of biochemical and molecular processes in AD are informing the ongoing development of new imaging techniques and their application. Much of this research has been greatly assisted by the availability of transgenic mouse models of AD. In this review we summarize the main efforts of neuroimaging in AD in humans and in mouse models, with a specific focus on β-amyloid, and discuss the potential of new applications and novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Adlard
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bob A. Tran
- Department of Radiology, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia M. Desmond
- Department of Radiology, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leigh A. Johnston
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary F. Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
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21
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Ansciaux E, Burtea C, Laurent S, Crombez D, Nonclercq D, Vander Elst L, Muller RN. In vitro and in vivo characterization of several functionalized ultrasmall particles of iron oxide, vectorized against amyloid plaques and potentially able to cross the blood-brain barrier: toward earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by molecular imag. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:211-24. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ansciaux
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory; University of Mons; Avenue Maistriau 19, Mendeleev Building B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Carmen Burtea
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory; University of Mons; Avenue Maistriau 19, Mendeleev Building B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory; University of Mons; Avenue Maistriau 19, Mendeleev Building B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Deborah Crombez
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory; University of Mons; Avenue Maistriau 19, Mendeleev Building B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Denis Nonclercq
- Laboratory of Histology; University of Mons; Pentagon - 1B, 6 Avenue du Champ de Mars B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory; University of Mons; Avenue Maistriau 19, Mendeleev Building B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Robert N. Muller
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory; University of Mons; Avenue Maistriau 19, Mendeleev Building B-7000 Mons Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging; 8, rue Adrienne Bolland 6041 Gosselies Belgium
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22
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Cerebral vascular leak in a mouse model of amyloid neuropathology. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:1646-54. [PMID: 25052555 PMCID: PMC4269723 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is increasing evidence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise, usually observed as 'microbleeds' correlated with amyloid plaque deposition and apoE-ɛ4 status, raising the possibility of nanotherapeutic delivery. Molecular probes have been used to study neurovascular leak, but this approach does not adequately estimate vascular permeability of nanoparticles. We therefore characterized cerebrovascular leaks in live APP+ transgenic animals using a long circulating ∼100 nm nanoparticle computed tomography (CT) contrast agent probe. Active leaks fell into four categories: (1) around the dorsomedial cerebellar artery (DMCA), (2) around other major vessels, (3) nodular leaks in the cerebral cortex, and (4) diffuse leaks. Cortical leaks were uniformly more frequent in the transgenic animals than in age-matched controls. Leaks around vessels other than the DMCA were more frequent in older transgenics compared with younger ones. All other leaks were equally prevalent across genotypes independent of age. Ten days after injection, 4 to 5 μg of the dose was estimated to be present in the brain, roughly a half of which was in locations other than the leaky choroid plexus, and associated with amyloid deposition in older animals. These results suggest that amyloid deposition and age increase delivery of nanoparticle-borne reagents to the brain, in therapeutically relevant amounts.
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23
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Sillerud LO, Solberg NO, Chamberlain R, Orlando RA, Heidrich JE, Brown DC, Brady CI, Vander Jagt TA, Garwood M, Vander Jagt DL. SPION-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of Alzheimer's disease plaques in AβPP/PS-1 transgenic mouse brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 34:349-65. [PMID: 23229079 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In our program to develop non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we have synthesized antibody-conjugated, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for use as an in vivo agent for MRI detection of amyloid-β plaques in AD. Here we report studies in AβPP/PS1 transgenic mice, which demonstrate the ability of novel anti-AβPP conjugated SPIONs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier to act as a contrast agent for MR imaging of plaques. The conspicuity of the plaques increased from an average Z-score of 5.1 ± 0.5 to 8.3 ± 0.2 when the plaque contrast to noise ratio was compared in control AD mice with AD mice treated with SPIONs. The number of MRI-visible plaques per brain increased from 347 ± 45 in the control AD mice, to 668 ± 86 in the SPION treated mice. These results indicated that our SPION enhanced amyloid-β detection method delivers an efficacious, non-invasive MRI detection method in transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel O Sillerud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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24
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Santin MD, Debeir T, Bridal SL, Rooney T, Dhenain M. Fast in vivo imaging of amyloid plaques using μ-MRI Gd-staining combined with ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening. Neuroimage 2013; 79:288-94. [PMID: 23660031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques are one of the major microscopic lesions that characterize Alzheimer's disease. Current approaches to detect amyloid plaques by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents require invasive procedures to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to deliver the contrast agent into the vicinity of amyloid plaques. Here we have developed a new protocol (US-Gd-staining) that enables the detection of amyloid plaques in the brain of an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of amyloidosis after intra-venous injection of a non-targeted, clinically approved MRI contrast agent (Gd-DOTA, Dotarem®) by transiently opening the BBB with unfocused ultrasound (1 MHz) and clinically approved microbubbles (Sonovue®, Bracco). This US-Gd-staining protocol can detect amyloid plaques with a short imaging time (32 min) and high in-plane resolution (29 μm). The sensitivity and resolution obtained is at least equal to that provided by MRI protocols using intra-cerebro-ventricular injection of contrast agents, a reference method used to penetrate the BBB. To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate the ability of MR imaging to detect amyloid plaques by using a peripheral intra-venous injection of a clinically approved NMR contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu D Santin
- URA 2210 CEA/CNRS Laboratoire des maladies neurodégénératives - 18 route du Panorama-BP6 - 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
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Moon WJ, Kim HJ, Roh HG, Choi JW, Han SH. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hypointensity of the pulvinar nucleus of patients with Alzheimer disease: its possible association with iron accumulation as evidenced by the t2(*) map. Korean J Radiol 2012; 13:674-83. [PMID: 23118565 PMCID: PMC3484287 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2012.13.6.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that prominent pulvinar hypointensity in brain MRI represents the disease process due to iron accumulation in Alzheimer disease (AD). We aimed to determine whether or not the pulvinar signal intensity (SI) on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences at 3.0T MRI differs between AD patients and normal subjects, and also whether the pulvinar SI is correlated with the T2(*) map, an imaging marker for tissue iron, and a cognitive scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty one consecutive patients with AD and 21 age-matched control subjects were prospectively included in this study. The pulvinar SI was assessed on the FLAIR image. We measured the relative SI ratio of the pulvinar to the corpus callosum. The T2(*) values were calculated from the T2(*) relaxometry map. The differences between the two groups were analyzed, by using a Student t test. The correlation between the measurements was assessed by the Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS As compared to the normal white matter, the FLAIR signal intensity of the pulvinar nucleus was significantly more hypointense in the AD patients than in the control subjects (p < 0.01). The pulvinar T2(*) was shorter in the AD patients than in the control subjects (51.5 ± 4.95 ms vs. 56.5 ± 5.49 ms, respectively, p = 0.003). The pulvinar SI ratio was strongly correlated with the pulvinar T2(*) (r = 0.745, p < 0.001). When controlling for age, only the pulvinar-to-CC SI ratio was positively correlated with that of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (r = 0.303, p < 0.050). Conversely, the pulvinar T2(*) was not correlated with the MMSE score (r = 0.277, p = 0.080). CONCLUSION The FLAIR hypointensity of the pulvinar nucleus represents an abnormal iron accumulation in AD and may be used as an adjunctive finding for evaluating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jin Moon
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-792, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul 133-791, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-792, Korea
| | - Hong Gee Roh
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-792, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-792, Korea
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-792, Korea
- Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-792, Korea
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Poisnel G, Dhilly M, Moustié O, Delamare J, Abbas A, Guilloteau D, Barré L. PET imaging with [18F]AV-45 in an APP/PS1-21 murine model of amyloid plaque deposition. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:2561-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gadolinium-staining reveals amyloid plaques in the brain of Alzheimer's transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1533-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pinzer B, Cacquevel M, Modregger P, McDonald S, Bensadoun J, Thuering T, Aebischer P, Stampanoni M. Imaging brain amyloid deposition using grating-based differential phase contrast tomography. Neuroimage 2012; 61:1336-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Manook A, Yousefi BH, Willuweit A, Platzer S, Reder S, Voss A, Huisman M, Settles M, Neff F, Velden J, Schoor M, von der Kammer H, Wester HJ, Schwaiger M, Henriksen G, Drzezga A. Small-animal PET imaging of amyloid-beta plaques with [11C]PiB and its multi-modal validation in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31310. [PMID: 22427802 PMCID: PMC3302888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging and quantification of amyloid-β plaque (Aβ) burden in small-animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a valuable tool for translational research such as developing specific imaging markers and monitoring new therapy approaches. Methodological constraints such as image resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) and lack of suitable AD models have limited the feasibility of PET in mice. In this study, we evaluated a feasible protocol for PET imaging of Aβ in mouse brain with [11C]PiB and specific activities commonly used in human studies. In vivo mouse brain MRI for anatomical reference was acquired with a clinical 1.5 T system. A recently characterized APP/PS1 mouse was employed to measure Aβ at different disease stages in homozygous and hemizygous animals. We performed multi-modal cross-validations for the PET results with ex vivo and in vitro methodologies, including regional brain biodistribution, multi-label digital autoradiography, protein quantification with ELISA, fluorescence microscopy, semi-automated histological quantification and radioligand binding assays. Specific [11C]PiB uptake in individual brain regions with Aβ deposition was demonstrated and validated in all animals of the study cohort including homozygous AD animals as young as nine months. Corresponding to the extent of Aβ pathology, old homozygous AD animals (21 months) showed the highest uptake followed by old hemizygous (23 months) and young homozygous mice (9 months). In all AD age groups the cerebellum was shown to be suitable as an intracerebral reference region. PET results were cross-validated and consistent with all applied ex vivo and in vitro methodologies. The results confirm that the experimental setup for non-invasive [11C]PiB imaging of Aβ in the APP/PS1 mice provides a feasible, reproducible and robust protocol for small-animal Aβ imaging. It allows longitudinal imaging studies with follow-up periods of approximately one and a half years and provides a foundation for translational Alzheimer neuroimaging in transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Manook
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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30
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Chen H, Epelbaum S, Delatour B. Fiber Tracts Anomalies in APPxPS1 Transgenic Mice Modeling Alzheimer's Disease. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:281274. [PMID: 21912744 PMCID: PMC3170810 DOI: 10.4061/2011/281274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are known to accumulate in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the link between brain amyloidosis and clinical symptoms has not been elucidated and could be mediated by secondary neuropathological alterations such as fiber tracts anomalies. In the present study, we have investigated the impact of Aβ overproduction in APPxPS1 transgenic mice on the integrity of forebrain axonal bundles (corpus callosum and anterior commissure). We found evidence of fiber tract volume reductions in APPxPS1 mice that were associated with an accelerated age-related loss of axonal neurofilaments and a myelin breakdown. The severity of these defects was neither correlated with the density of amyloid plaques nor associated with cell neurodegeneration. Our data suggest that commissural fiber tract alterations are present in Aβ-overproducing transgenic mice and that intracellular Aβ accumulation preceding extracellular deposits may act as a trigger of such morphological anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- CNRS, Laboratoire NAMC, UMR 8620, Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France
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31
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Chamberlain R, Wengenack TM, Poduslo JF, Garwood M, Jack CR. Magnetic resonance imaging of amyloid plaques in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Med Imaging 2011; 7:3-7. [PMID: 21499442 DOI: 10.2174/157340511794653522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A major objective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is amyloid plaque reduction. Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease provide a controlled and consistent environment for studying amyloid plaque deposition in Alzheimer's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging is an attractive tool for longitudinal studies because it offers non-invasive monitoring of amyloid plaques. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of magnetic resonance imaging to detect individual plaques in living mice. This review discusses the mouse models, MR pulse sequences, and parameters that have been used to image plaques and how they can be optimized for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chamberlain
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Petiet A, Delatour B, Dhenain M. Models of neurodegenerative disease - Alzheimer's anatomical and amyloid plaque imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 771:293-308. [PMID: 21874485 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-219-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important social and economic issue for our societies. The development of therapeutics against this severe dementia requires assessing the effects of new drugs in animal models thanks to dedicated biomarkers. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, β-amyloid deposits are at the origin of most of the lesions associated with AD. These extracellular deposits are therefore one of the main targets in therapeutical strategies. Aβ peptides can be revealed histologically with specific dyes or antibodies, or by magnetic resonance microscopy (μMRI) that uses their association with iron as a source of signal. The microscopic size of the lesions necessitates the development of specific imaging protocols. Most protocols use T (2)-weighted sequences that reveal the aggregates as hypointense spots. This chapter describes histological methods that reveal amyloid plaques with specific stains and MR-imaging protocols for in vivo and ex vivo MR imaging of AD mice.
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Obulesu M, Rao DM. Animal models of Alzheimer's disease: an understanding of pathology and therapeutic avenues. Int J Neurosci 2010; 120:531-7. [PMID: 20615056 DOI: 10.3109/00207451003760080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with unclear etiology for a few decades. Many animal models employed to study the etiology of the disease and test the efficacy of a drug could give limited understanding of these events. Introduction of aluminum salts into aged New Zealand rabbit brain could demonstrate neurofibrillary tangle formation in 1965. This outstanding contribution substantiated the role of aluminum in Alzheimer's disease in turn becoming the basis further molecular studies in rabbits. In this review, various animal models (transgenic mice, rats, rabbits, zebrafish) used to study the pathology of the disease and to test the efficacy of a drug have been summarized. It also focuses on the growing need to unravel the molecular underpinnings of the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obulesu
- JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
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34
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Delatour B, Epelbaum S, Petiet A, Dhenain M. In vivo imaging biomarkers in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: are we lost in translation or breaking through? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20953404 PMCID: PMC2952791 DOI: 10.4061/2010/604853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a critical priority to efficiently diagnose the patients, to stage the progression of neurodegeneration in living subjects, and to assess the effects of disease-modifier treatments. This paper addresses the development and usefulness of preclinical neuroimaging biomarkers of AD. It is today possible to image in vivo the brain of small rodents at high resolution and to detect the occurrence of macroscopic/microscopic lesions in these species, as well as of functional alterations reminiscent of AD pathology. We will outline three different types of imaging biomarkers that can be used in AD mouse models: biomarkers with clear translational potential, biomarkers that can serve as in vivo readouts (in particular in the context of drug discovery) exclusively for preclinical research, and finally biomarkers that constitute new tools for fundamental research on AD physiopathogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Delatour
- CRICM-Team "Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases", UPMC/Inserm UMR-S 975, CNRS UMR 7225, G.H. Pitié Salpêtrière, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
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35
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Wengenack TM, Reyes DA, Curran GL, Borowski BJ, Lin J, Preboske GM, Holasek SS, Gilles EJ, Chamberlain R, Marjanska M, Jack CR, Garwood M, Poduslo JF. Regional differences in MRI detection of amyloid plaques in AD transgenic mouse brain. Neuroimage 2010; 54:113-22. [PMID: 20728546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our laboratory and others have reported the ability to detect individual Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid plaques in transgenic mouse brain in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Since amyloid plaques contain iron, most MRI studies attempting to detect plaques in AD transgenic mouse brain have employed techniques that exploit the paramagnetic effect of iron and have had mixed results. In the present study, using five-way anatomic spatial coregistration of MR images with three different histological techniques, properties of amyloid plaques in AD transgenic mouse brain were revealed that may explain their variable visibility in gradient- and spin-echo MR images. The results demonstrate differences in the visibility of plaques in the cortex and hippocampus, compared to plaques in the thalamus, by the different MRI sequences. All plaques were equally detectable by T(2)SE, while only thalamic plaques were reliably detectable by T(2)*GE pulse sequences. Histology revealed that cortical/hippocampal plaques have low levels of iron while thalamic plaques have very high levels. However, the paramagnetic effect of iron does not appear to be the sole factor leading to the rapid decay of transverse magnetization (short T(2)) in cortical/hippocampal plaques. Accordingly, MRI methods that rely less on iron magnetic susceptibility effect may be more successful for eventual human AD plaque MR imaging, particularly since human AD plaques more closely resemble the cortical and hippocampal plaques of AD transgenic mice than thalamic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Wengenack
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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36
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Dubois A, Hérard AS, Delatour B, Hantraye P, Bonvento G, Dhenain M, Delzescaux T. Detection by voxel-wise statistical analysis of significant changes in regional cerebral glucose uptake in an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2010; 51:586-98. [PMID: 20206704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers and technologies similar to those used in humans are essential for the follow-up of Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models, particularly for the clarification of mechanisms and the screening and validation of new candidate treatments. In humans, changes in brain metabolism can be detected by 1-deoxy-2-[(18)F] fluoro-D-glucose PET (FDG-PET) and assessed in a user-independent manner with dedicated software, such as Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). FDG-PET can be carried out in small animals, but its resolution is low as compared to the size of rodent brain structures. In mouse models of AD, changes in cerebral glucose utilization are usually detected by [(14)C]-2-deoxyglucose (2DG) autoradiography, but this requires prior manual outlining of regions of interest (ROI) on selected sections. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of applying the SPM method to 3D autoradiographic data sets mapping brain metabolic activity in a transgenic mouse model of AD. We report the preliminary results obtained with 4 APP/PS1 (64+/-1 weeks) and 3 PS1 (65+/-2 weeks) mice. We also describe new procedures for the acquisition and use of "blockface" photographs and provide the first demonstration of their value for the 3D reconstruction and spatial normalization of post mortem mouse brain volumes. Despite this limited sample size, our results appear to be meaningful, consistent, and more comprehensive than findings from previously published studies based on conventional ROI-based methods. The establishment of statistical significance at the voxel level, rather than with a user-defined ROI, makes it possible to detect more reliably subtle differences in geometrically complex regions, such as the hippocampus. Our approach is generic and could be easily applied to other biomarkers and extended to other species and applications.
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El Tannir El Tayara N, Delatour B, Volk A, Dhenain M. Detection of vascular alterations by in vivo magnetic resonance angiography and histology in APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 23:53-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-009-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chamberlain R, Reyes D, Curran GL, Marjanska M, Wengenack TM, Poduslo JF, Garwood M, Jack CR. Comparison of amyloid plaque contrast generated by T2-weighted, T2*-weighted, and susceptibility-weighted imaging methods in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Magn Reson Med 2009; 61:1158-64. [PMID: 19253386 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is amyloid plaque deposition. Plaques appear hypointense on T(2)-weighted and T(2)*-weighted MR images probably due to the presence of endogenous iron, but no quantitative comparison of various imaging techniques has been reported. We estimated the T(1), T(2), T(2)*, and proton density values of cortical plaques and normal cortical tissue and analyzed the plaque contrast generated by a collection of T(2)-weighted, T(2)*-weighted, and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) methods in ex vivo transgenic mouse specimens. The proton density and T(1) values were similar for both cortical plaques and normal cortical tissue. The T(2) and T(2)* values were similar in cortical plaques, which indicates that the iron content of cortical plaques may not be as large as previously thought. Ex vivo plaque contrast was increased compared to a previously reported spin-echo sequence by summing multiple echoes and by performing SWI; however, gradient echo and SWI were found to be impractical for in vivo imaging due to susceptibility interface-related signal loss in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chamberlain
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Meadowcroft MD, Connor JR, Smith MB, Yang QX. MRI and histological analysis of beta-amyloid plaques in both human Alzheimer's disease and APP/PS1 transgenic mice. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 29:997-1007. [PMID: 19388095 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between MR image contrast associated with beta-amyloid (Abeta) plaques and their histology and compare the histopathological basis of image contrast and the relaxation mechanism associated with Abeta plaques in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) and transgenic APP/PS1 mouse tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the aid of the previously developed histological coil, T(2) (*)-weighted images and R(2) (*) parametric maps were directly compared with histology stains acquired from the same set of Alzheimer's and APP/PS1 tissue slices. RESULTS The electron microscopy and histology images revealed significant differences in plaque morphology and associated iron concentration between AD and transgenic APP/PS1 mice tissue samples. For AD tissues, T(2) (*) contrast of Abeta-plaques was directly associated with the gradation of iron concentration. Plaques with significantly less iron load in the APP/PS1 animal tissues are equally conspicuous as the human plaques in the MR images. CONCLUSION These data suggest a duality in the relaxation mechanism where both high focal iron concentration and highly compact fibrillar beta-amyloid masses cause rapid proton transverse magnetization decay. For human tissues, the former mechanism is likely the dominant source of R(2) (*) relaxation; for APP/PS1 animals, the latter is likely the major cause of increased transverse proton relaxation rate in Abeta plaques. The data presented are essential for understanding the histopathological underpinning of MRI measurement associated with Abeta plaques in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Meadowcroft
- Department of Radiology (Center for NMR Research), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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