1
|
Dai L, Shen Y. Insights into T-cell dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13511. [PMID: 34725916 PMCID: PMC8672785 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells, the critical immune cells of the adaptive immune system, are often dysfunctional in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are involved in AD pathology. Reports highlight neuroinflammation as a crucial modulator of AD pathogenesis, and aberrant T cells indirectly contribute to neuroinflammation by secreting proinflammatory mediators via direct crosstalk with glial cells infiltrating the brain. However, the mechanisms underlying T‐cell abnormalities in AD appear multifactorial. Risk factors for AD and pathological hallmarks of AD have been tightly linked with immune responses, implying the potential regulatory effects of these factors on T cells. In this review, we discuss how the risk factors for AD, particularly Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), Aβ, α‐secretase, β‐secretase, γ‐secretase, Tau, and neuroinflammation, modulate T‐cell activation and the association between T cells and pathological AD hallmarks. Understanding these associations is critical to provide a comprehensive view of appropriate therapeutic strategies for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linbin Dai
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Sciences and Technology of China Hefei China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Yong Shen
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Sciences and Technology of China Hefei China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072514. [PMID: 32260425 PMCID: PMC7178048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles act as shuttle vectors or signal transducers that can deliver specific biological information and have progressively emerged as key regulators of organized communities of cells within multicellular organisms in health and disease. Here, we survey the evolutionary origin, general characteristics, and biological significance of extracellular vesicles as mediators of intercellular signaling, discuss the various subtypes of extracellular vesicles thus far described and the principal methodological approaches to their study, and review the role of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis, immunity, non-synaptic neural communication, vascular-neural communication through the blood-brain barrier, renal pathophysiology, and embryo-fetal/maternal communication through the placenta.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ciccocioppo F, Bologna G, Ercolino E, Pierdomenico L, Simeone P, Lanuti P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, Marchisio M, Miscia S. Neurodegenerative diseases as proteinopathies-driven immune disorders. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:850-856. [PMID: 31719246 PMCID: PMC6990794 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, the role of misfolded protein deposition leading to neurodegeneration has been primarily discussed. In the last decade, however, it has been proposed a parallel involvement of innate immune activation, chronic inflammation and adaptive immunity in the neurodegeneration mechanisms triggered by proteinopathies. New insights in the neurodegenerative field strongly suggest a role for the immune system in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the hypothesis underlining the modulation of the innate and the adaptive immune system in the events linked to brain deposition of misfolded proteins could open new perspectives in the setting of specific immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we have reviewed the pathogenic hypothesis in neurodegenerative pathologies, underling the links between the deposition of misfolded protein mechanisms and the immune activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausta Ciccocioppo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eva Ercolino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT); Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT); Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tao L, Zhu Y, Wang R, Han J, Ma Y, Guo H, Tang W, Zhuo L, Fan Z, Yin A, Hou W, Li Y. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 deficiency aggravates memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112384. [PMID: 31778735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system and the most common dementia type in elderly people. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a cell stress response gene, is primarily expressed in astrocytes in mammalian brains. The hippocampal protein levels of NDRG2 in AD patients were significantly higher than those in healthy peers. However, whether the increase in NDRG2 is involved in the development of AD or is an endogenous protective response initiated by stress remains unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of NDRG2 in the development of memory impairment in AD using mouse models established by amyloid β injection or crossing of APP/PS1 mice. We found that NDRG2 deficiency worsened the memory impairment in AD mice. In addition, NDRG2 deletion induced downregulation of the proteasome functional subunit PSMB6 in AD mice. These findings suggest that NDRG2 is an endogenous neuroprotectant that participates in the pathological course of waste-clearing impairment and memory damage in AD. NDRG2 may be a therapeutic target for the intervention of AD memory degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tao
- Center for Brain Science & Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Han
- Center for Brain Science & Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Ma
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center to Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Seventh Medical Center to Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Lixia Zhuo
- Center for Brain Science & Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anqi Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wugang Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Brain Science & Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ciccocioppo F, Lanuti P, Pierdomenico L, Simeone P, Bologna G, Ercolino E, Buttari F, Fantozzi R, Thomas A, Onofrj M, Centonze D, Miscia S, Marchisio M. The Characterization of Regulatory T-Cell Profiles in Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8788. [PMID: 31217537 PMCID: PMC6584558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) are a T-lymphocyte subset involved in the maintenance of immune peripheral tolerance. Despite evidence of the adaptive immune system’s role in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the involvement of Tregs is still not clear. We focused on the Flow-Cytometry analysis of the Treg frequencies and phenotypes in the AD. The aim of the study is to analyse similarities and differences in Tregs profile between Alzheimer’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. Regulatory T Cells (CD4+/CD25high/CD127low-neg) were identified using an innovative Flow Cytometry method and subtyped as Resting (analysed CD45RApos/CD25dim), Activated (CD45RAneg/CD25bright) and Secreting (CD45RAneg/CD25dim) cells. Our data demonstrate a significant decrease in the total and Resting Tregs in AD patients when compared to healthy subjects. The percentage of the results of the Resting Tregs were also reduced in MS patients together with a parallel frequency increase of Activated Tregs. Our data suggest that altered Treg phenotypes observed in both diseases could play a role in the impairment of the Treg-mediated immunological tolerance, recalling a possible link between the two pathologies. Given that this study was conducted on a restricted population, if confirmed by a further and enlarged study, the implications of the autoimmune mechanisms in AD pathophysiology could open new immunotherapeutic perspectives based on Treg modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausta Ciccocioppo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Eva Ercolino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | | | - Astrid Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Laboratory of Synaptic Immunopathology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy. .,Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Effectiveness of Vitamin E Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040879. [PMID: 30781638 PMCID: PMC6412423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E was proposed as treatment for Alzheimer’s disease many years ago. However, the effectiveness of the drug is not clear. Vitamin E is an antioxidant and neuroprotector and it has anti-inflammatory and hypocholesterolemic properties, driving to its importance for brain health. Moreover, the levels of vitamin E in Alzheimer’s disease patients are lower than in non-demented controls. Thus, vitamin E could be a good candidate to have beneficial effects against Alzheimer’s. However, evidence is consistent with a limited effectiveness of vitamin E in slowing progression of dementia; the information is mixed and inconclusive. The question is why does vitamin E fail to treat Alzheimer’s disease? In this paper we review the studies with and without positive results in Alzheimer’s disease and we discuss the reasons why vitamin E as treatment sometimes has positive results on cognition but at others, it does not.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lanuti P, Simeone P, Rotta G, Almici C, Avvisati G, Azzaro R, Bologna G, Budillon A, Di Cerbo M, Di Gennaro E, Di Martino ML, Diodato A, Doretto P, Ercolino E, Falda A, Gregorj C, Leone A, Losa F, Malara N, Marini M, Mastroroberto P, Mollace V, Morelli M, Muggianu E, Musolino G, Neva A, Pierdomenico L, Pinna S, Piovani G, Roca MS, Russo D, Scotti L, Tirindelli MC, Trunzo V, Venturella R, Vitagliano C, Zullo F, Marchisio M, Miscia S. A standardized flow cytometry network study for the assessment of circulating endothelial cell physiological ranges. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5823. [PMID: 29643468 PMCID: PMC5895616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) represent a restricted peripheral blood (PB) cell subpopulation with high potential diagnostic value in many endothelium-involving diseases. However, whereas the interest in CEC studies has grown, the standardization level of their detection has not. Here, we undertook the task to align CEC phenotypes and counts, by standardizing a novel flow cytometry approach, within a network of six laboratories. CEC were identified as alive/nucleated/CD45negative/CD34bright/CD146positive events and enumerated in 269 healthy PB samples. Standardization was demonstrated by the achievement of low inter-laboratory Coefficients of Variation (CVL), calculated on the basis of Median Fluorescence Intensity values of the most stable antigens that allowed CEC identification and count (CVL of CD34bright on CEC ~ 30%; CVL of CD45 on Lymphocytes ~ 20%). By aggregating data acquired from all sites, CEC numbers in the healthy population were captured (medianfemale = 9.31 CEC/mL; medianmale = 11.55 CEC/mL). CEC count biological variability and method specificity were finally assessed. Results, obtained on a large population of donors, demonstrate that the established procedure might be adopted as standardized method for CEC analysis in clinical and in research settings, providing a CEC physiological baseline range, useful as starting point for their clinical monitoring in endothelial dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Camillo Almici
- Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Avvisati
- Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosa Azzaro
- Transfusion Service, Department of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Melania Di Cerbo
- Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Martino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Diodato
- Transfusion Service, Department of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Doretto
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, AAS5, Pordenone Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Eva Ercolino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falda
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, AAS5, Pordenone Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Chiara Gregorj
- Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Losa
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Health Science University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mirella Marini
- Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mastroroberto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Morelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emma Muggianu
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arabella Neva
- Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pinna
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Piovani
- Department Molecular Medicine and Translational, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Scotti
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Tirindelli
- Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Trunzo
- Department of Health Science University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Venturella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvio Zullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Enhanced release of acid sphingomyelinase-enriched exosomes generates a lipidomics signature in CSF of Multiple Sclerosis patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3071. [PMID: 29449691 PMCID: PMC5814401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MuS) is a complex multifactorial neuropathology, resulting in heterogeneous clinical presentation. A very active MuS research field concerns the discovery of biomarkers helpful to make an early and definite diagnosis. The sphingomyelin pathway has emerged as a molecular mechanism involved in MuS, since high levels of ceramides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were related to axonal damage and neuronal dysfunction. Ceramides are the hydrolysis products of sphingomyelins through a reaction catalyzed by a family of enzymes named sphingomyelinases, which were recently related to myelin repair in MuS. Here, using a lipidomic approach, we observed low levels of several sphingomyelins in CSF of MuS patients compared to other inflammatory and non-inflammatory, central or peripheral neurological diseases. Starting by this result, we investigated the sphingomyelinase activity in CSF, showing a significantly higher enzyme activity in MuS. In support of these results we found high number of total exosomes in CSF of MuS patients and a high number of acid sphingomyelinase-enriched exosomes correlated to enzymatic activity and to disease severity. These data are of diagnostic relevance and show, for the first time, high number of acid sphingomyelinase-enriched exosomes in MuS, opening a new window for therapeutic approaches/targets in the treatment of MuS.
Collapse
|
9
|
Brugnoli F, Grassilli S, Lanuti P, Marchisio M, Al-Qassab Y, Vezzali F, Capitani S, Bertagnolo V. Up-modulation of PLC-β2 reduces the number and malignancy of triple-negative breast tumor cells with a CD133 +/EpCAM + phenotype: a promising target for preventing progression of TNBC. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:617. [PMID: 28870198 PMCID: PMC5584040 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The malignant potential of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is also dependent on a sub-population of cells with a stem-like phenotype. Among the cancer stem cell markers, CD133 and EpCAM strongly correlate with breast tumor aggressiveness, suggesting that simultaneous targeting of the two surface antigens may be beneficial in treatment of TNBC. Since in TNBC-derived cells we demonstrated that PLC-β2 induces the conversion of CD133high to CD133low cells, here we explored its possible role in down-modulating the expression of both CD133 and EpCAM and, ultimately, in reducing the number of TNBC cells with a stem-like phenotype. Methods A magnetic step-by-step cell isolation with antibodies directed against CD133 and/or EpCAM was performed on the TNBC-derived MDA-MB-231 cell line. In the same cell model, PLC-β2 was over-expressed or down-modulated and cell proliferation and invasion capability were evaluated by Real-time cell assays. The surface expression of CD133, EpCAM and CD44 in the different experimental conditions were measured by multi-color flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Results A CD133+/EpCAM+ sub-population with high proliferation rate and invasion capability is present in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Over-expression of PLC-β2 in CD133+/EpCAM+ cells reduced the surface expression of both CD133 and EpCAM, as well as proliferation and invasion capability of this cellular subset. On the other hand, the up-modulation of PLC-β2 in the whole MDA-MB-231 cell population reduced the number of cells with a CD44+/CD133+/EpCAM+ stem-like phenotype. Conclusions Since selective targeting of the cells with the highest aggressive potential may have a great clinical importance for TNBC, the up-modulation of PLC-β2, reducing the number of cells with a stem-like phenotype, may be a promising goal for novel therapies aimed to prevent the progression of aggressive breast tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3592-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brugnoli
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Yasamin Al-Qassab
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Federica Vezzali
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trubiani O, Piattelli A, Gatta V, Marchisio M, Diomede F, D'Aurora M, Merciaro I, Pierdomenico L, Maraldi NM, Zini N. Assessment of an efficient xeno-free culture system of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:52-64. [PMID: 24787358 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of transplanting adult stem cells into damaged organs has opened new prospects for the treatment of several human pathologies. The purpose of this study was to develop a culture system for the expansion and production of human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (hPDLSCs) using a new xeno-free media formulation and ensuring the maintenance of the stem cells features comprising the multiple passage expansion, mesengenic lineage differentiation, cellular phenotype, and genomic stability, essential elements for conforming to translation to cell therapy. Somatic stem cells were isolated from the human periodontium using a minimally invasive periodontal access flap surgery in healthy donors. Expanded hPDLSCs in a xeno-free culture showed the morphological features of stem cells, expressed the markers associated with pluripotency, and a normal karyotype. Under appropriate culture conditions, hPDLSCs presented adipogenic and osteogenic potential; indeed, a very high accumulation of lipid droplets was evident in the cytoplasm of adipogenic-induced cells, and indisputable evidence of osteogenic differentiation, investigated by transmission electron microscopy, and analyzed for gene expression analysis has been shown. Based on these data, the novel xeno-free culture method might provide the basis for Good Manufacturing Procedure culture of autologous stem cells, readily accessible from human periodontium, and can be a resource to facilitate their use in human clinical studies for potential therapeutic regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Trubiani
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pipino C, Pierdomenico L, Di Tomo P, Di Giuseppe F, Cianci E, D'Alimonte I, Morabito C, Centurione L, Antonucci I, Mariggiò MA, Di Pietro R, Ciccarelli R, Marchisio M, Romano M, Angelucci S, Pandolfi A. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of human amniotic fluid-derived cells: a morphological and proteomic approach. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1415-28. [PMID: 25608581 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells derived from Amniotic Fluid (AFMSCs) are multipotent cells of great interest for regenerative medicine. Two predominant cell types, that is, Epithelial-like (E-like) and Fibroblast-like (F-like), have been previously detected in the amniotic fluid (AF). In this study, we examined the AF from 12 donors and observed the prevalence of the E-like phenotype in 5, whereas the F-like morphology was predominant in 7 samples. These phenotypes showed slight differences in membrane markers, with higher CD90 and lower Sox2 and SSEA-4 expression in F-like than in E-like cells; whereas CD326 was expressed only in the E-like phenotype. They did not show any significant differences in osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic differentiation. Proteomic analysis revealed that samples with a predominant E-like phenotype (HC1) showed a different profile than those with a predominant F-like phenotype (HC2). Twenty-five and eighteen protein spots were differentially expressed in HC1 and HC2 classes, respectively. Of these, 17 from HC1 and 4 from HC2 were identified by mass spectrometry. Protein-interaction networks for both phenotypes showed strong interactions between specific AFMSC proteins and molecular chaperones, such as preproteasomes and mature proteasomes, both of which are important for cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Collectively, our results provide evidence that, regardless of differences in protein profiling, the prevalence of E-like or F-like cells in AF does not affect the differentiation capacity of AFMSC preparations. This may be valuable information with a view to the therapeutic use of AFMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Pipino
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 4Department of Medicine and Aging Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Di Tomo
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Giuseppe
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianci
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Iolanda D'Alimonte
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Morabito
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 5Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Centurione
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 4Department of Medicine and Aging Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 6Psychological Sciences Humanities and Territory, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria A Mariggiò
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 5Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 4Department of Medicine and Aging Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 4Department of Medicine and Aging Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Angelucci
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the only method for long-term storage of viable cells and tissues used for cellular therapy, stem cell transplantation and/or tissue engineering. However, the freeze-thaw process strongly contributes to cell and tissue damage through several mechanisms, including oxidative stress, cell injury from intracellular ice formation and altered physical cellular properties. Our previous proteomics investigation was carried out on Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells (WJSCs) having similar properties to adult mesenchymal stem cells and thus representing a rich source of primitive cells to be potentially used in regenerative medicine. The aim of the present work was to investigate molecular changes that occur in WJSCs proteome in different experimental conditions: fresh primary cell culture and frozen cell. To analyze changes in protein expression of WJSCs undergoing different culturing procedures, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis (2DE followed by MALDI-TOF MS/MS nanoESI-Q-TOF MS coupled with nanoLC) between WJSCs from fresh and frozen cell culturing, respectively. Frozen WJSCs showed qualitative and quantitative changes compared to cells from fresh preparation, expressing proteins involved in replication, cellular defence mechanism and metabolism, that could ensure freeze-thaw survival. The results of this study could play a key role in elucidating possible mechanisms related to maintaining active proliferation and maximal cellular plasticity and thus making the use of WJSCs in cell therapy safe following bio-banking.
Collapse
|
13
|
Di Tomo P, Pipino C, Lanuti P, Morabito C, Pierdomenico L, Sirolli V, Bonomini M, Miscia S, Mariggiò MA, Marchisio M, Barboni B, Pandolfi A. Calcium sensing receptor expression in ovine amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells and the potential role of R-568 during osteogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73816. [PMID: 24040082 PMCID: PMC3767786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells have been identified as a promising source for cell therapy applications in bone traumatic and degenerative damage. Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR), a G protein-coupled receptor able to bind calcium ions, plays a physiological role in regulating bone metabolism. It is expressed in different kinds of cells, as well as in some stem cells. The bone CaSR could potentially be targeted by allosteric modulators, in particular by agonists such as calcimimetic R-568, which may potentially be helpful for the treatment of bone disease. The aim of our study was first to investigate the presence of CaSR in ovine Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells (oAFMSCs) and then the potential role of calcimimetics in in vitro osteogenesis. oAFMSCs were isolated, characterized and analyzed to examine the possible presence of CaSR by western blotting and flow cytometry analysis. Once we had demonstrated CaSR expression, we worked out that 1 µM R-568 was the optimal and effective concentration by cell viability test (MTT), cell number, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) assays. Interestingly, we observed that basal diffuse CaSR expression in oAFMSCs increased at the membrane when cells were treated with R-568 (1 µM), potentially resulting in activation of the receptor. This was associated with significantly increased cell mineralization (ALP and ARS staining) and augmented intracellular calcium and Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) levels, thus demonstrating a potential role for calcimimetics during osteogenic differentiation. Calhex-231, a CaSR allosteric inhibitor, totally reversed R-568 induced mineralization. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that CaSR is expressed in oAFMSCs and that calcimimetic R-568, possibly through CaSR activation, can significantly improve the osteogenic process. Hence, our study may provide useful information on the mechanisms regulating osteogenesis in oAFMSCs, perhaps prompting the use of calcimimetics in bone regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Di Tomo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Morabito
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sirolli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mitsuhashi M, Taub DD, Kapogiannis D, Eitan E, Zukley L, Mattson MP, Ferrucci L, Schwartz JB, Goetzl EJ. Aging enhances release of exosomal cytokine mRNAs by Aβ1-42-stimulated macrophages. FASEB J 2013; 27:5141-50. [PMID: 24014820 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-238980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ) peptide effects on human models of central nervous system (CNS)-patrolling macrophages (Ms) and CD4 memory T-cells (CD4-Tms) were investigated to examine immune responses to Aβ in Alzheimer's disease. Aβ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicited similar M cytokine and exosomal mRNA (ex-mRNA) responses. Aβ- and LPS-stimulated Ms from 20 ≥65-yr-old subjects generated significantly more IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6, but not IL-8 or IL-12, and significantly more ex-mRNAs for IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12, but not for IL-8 or IL-1, than Ms from 20 matched 21- to 45-yr-old subjects. CD4-Tm generation of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ and, for young subjects, IL-10, but not IL-6, evoked by Aβ was significantly lower than with anti-T-cell antigen receptor antibodies (Abs). Abs significantly increased all CD4-Tm ex-mRNAs, but only IL-2 and IL-6 ex-mRNAs were increased by Aβ. There were no significant differences between cytokine and ex-mRNA responses of CD4-Tms from the old compared to the young subjects. M-derived serum exosomes from the old subjects had significantly higher IL-6 and IL-12 ex-mRNA levels than those from the young subjects, whereas there were no differences for CD4-Tm-derived serum exosomes. An Aβ level relevant to neurodegeneration elicited broad M cytokine and ex-mRNA responses that were significantly greater in the old subjects, but only narrow and age-independent CD4-Tm responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Mitsuhashi
- 3UCSF Geriatric Research Center, 1719 Broderick Street, San Francisco, CA 94115-2525, USA. E-mail
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Microglial TNF-α-Dependent Elevation of MHC Class I Expression on Brain Endothelium Induced by Amyloid-Beta Promotes T Cell Transendothelial Migration. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2295-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Barboni B, Mangano C, Valbonetti L, Marruchella G, Berardinelli P, Martelli A, Muttini A, Mauro A, Bedini R, Turriani M, Pecci R, Nardinocchi D, Zizzari VL, Tetè S, Piattelli A, Mattioli M. Synthetic bone substitute engineered with amniotic epithelial cells enhances bone regeneration after maxillary sinus augmentation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63256. [PMID: 23696804 PMCID: PMC3656960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence has been provided that a cell-based therapy combined with the use of bioactive materials may significantly improve bone regeneration prior to dental implant, although the identification of an ideal source of progenitor/stem cells remains to be determined. Aim In the present research, the bone regenerative property of an emerging source of progenitor cells, the amniotic epithelial cells (AEC), loaded on a calcium-phosphate synthetic bone substitute, made by direct rapid prototyping (rPT) technique, was evaluated in an animal study. Material And Methods Two blocks of synthetic bone substitute (∼0.14 cm3), alone or engineered with 1×106 ovine AEC (oAEC), were grafted bilaterally into maxillary sinuses of six adult sheep, an animal model chosen for its high translational value in dentistry. The sheep were then randomly divided into two groups and sacrificed at 45 and 90 days post implantation (p.i.). Tissue regeneration was evaluated in the sinus explants by micro-computer tomography (micro-CT), morphological, morphometric and biochemical analyses. Results And Conclusions The obtained data suggest that scaffold integration and bone deposition are positively influenced by allotransplantated oAEC. Sinus explants derived from sheep grafted with oAEC engineered scaffolds displayed a reduced fibrotic reaction, a limited inflammatory response and an accelerated process of angiogenesis. In addition, the presence of oAEC significantly stimulated osteogenesis either by enhancing bone deposition or making more extent the foci of bone nucleation. Besides the modulatory role played by oAEC in the crucial events successfully guiding tissue regeneration (angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor expression and inflammation), data provided herein show that oAEC were also able to directly participate in the process of bone deposition, as suggested by the presence of oAEC entrapped within the newly deposited osteoid matrix and by their ability to switch-on the expression of a specific bone-related protein (osteocalcin, OCN) when transplanted into host tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Barboni
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Stem TeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Mangano
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Stem TeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marruchella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Martelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Muttini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Stem TeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Rossella Bedini
- Department of Technologies and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Turriani
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pecci
- Department of Technologies and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Nardinocchi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Luca Zizzari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Tetè
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
- Stem TeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Mattioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
D'Alimonte I, Nargi E, Lannutti A, Marchisio M, Pierdomenico L, Costanzo G, Di Iorio P, Ballerini P, Giuliani P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R. Adenosine A1 receptor stimulation enhances osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells via WNT signaling. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:611-24. [PMID: 23651584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, mesenchymal stem cells deriving from dental pulp (DPSCs) of normal human impacted third molars, previously characterized for their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, were used. We observed that: i) DPSCs, undifferentiated or submitted to osteogenic differentiation, express all four subtypes of adenosine receptors (AR) and CD73, corresponding to 5'-ecto-nucleotidase; and ii) AR stimulation with selective agonists elicited a greater osteogenic cell differentiation consequent to A1 receptor (A1R) activation. Therefore, we focused on the activity of this AR. The addition of 15-60nM 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyl-adenosine (CCPA), A1R agonist, to DPSCs at each change of the culture medium significantly increased the proliferation of cells grown in osteogenic medium after 8days in vitro (DIV) without modifying that of undifferentiated DPSCs. Better characterizing the effect of A1R stimulation on the osteogenic differentiation capability of these cells, we found that CCPA increased the: i) expression of two well known and early osteogenic markers, RUNX-2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), after 3 and 7DIV; ii) ALP enzyme activity at 7DIV and iii) mineralization of extracellular matrix after 21DIV. These effects, abolished by cell pre-treatment with the A1R antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropyl-xanthine (DPCPX), involved the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling as, in differentiating DPSCs, CCPA significantly increased dishevelled protein and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β, both molecules being downstream of Wnt receptor signal pathway. Either siRNA of dishevelled or cell pre-treatment with Dickkopf-1, known inhibitor of Wnt signaling substantially reduced either DPSC osteogenic differentiation or its enhancement promoted by CCPA. Summarizing, our findings indicate that the stimulation of A1R may stimulate DPSC duplication enhancing their osteogenic differentiation efficiency. These effects may have clinical implications possibly facilitating bone tissue repair and remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda D'Alimonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Stem Tech Group, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Martorana A, Bulati M, Buffa S, Pellicanò M, Caruso C, Candore G, Colonna-Romano G. Immunosenescence, inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2012; 1:8. [PMID: 24764513 PMCID: PMC3922958 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2395-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ageing impacts negatively on the development of the immune system and its ability to fight pathogens. Progressive changes in the T-cell and B-cell systems over the lifespan of individuals have a major impact on the capacity to respond to immune challenges. The cumulative age-associated changes in immune competence are termed immunosenescence that is characterized by changes where adaptive immunity deteriorates, while innate immunity is largely conserved or even upregulated with age. On the other hand, ageing is also characterized by “inflamm-ageing”, a term coined to explain the inflammation commonly present in many age-associated diseases. It is believed that immune inflammatory processes are relevant in Alzheimer’s disease, the most common cause of dementia in older people. In the present paper we review data focusing on changes of some immunoinflammatory parameters observed in patients affected by Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Martorana
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, corso Tukory 211, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, corso Tukory 211, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvio Buffa
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, corso Tukory 211, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariavaleria Pellicanò
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, corso Tukory 211, 90134, Palermo, Italy ; Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Medical Research, Tübingen Aging and Tumor Immunology Group, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestraße 22, 72072, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, corso Tukory 211, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, corso Tukory 211, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Colonna-Romano
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, corso Tukory 211, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Muttini A, Valbonetti L, Abate M, Colosimo A, Curini V, Mauro A, Berardinelli P, Russo V, Cocciolone D, Marchisio M, Mattioli M, Tosi U, Podaliri Vulpiani M, Barboni B. Ovine amniotic epithelial cells: in vitro characterization and transplantation into equine superficial digital flexor tendon spontaneous defects. Res Vet Sci 2012; 94:158-69. [PMID: 22954787 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In vitro expanded and frosted ovine amniotic epithelial cells (oAECs) were evaluated for their phenotype, stemness and attitude to differentiate into tenocytes. Fifteen horses with acute tendon lesions were treated with one intralesional injection of oAECs. Tendon recovery under controlled training was monitored. In vitro expanded oAECs showed a constant proliferative ability, a conserved phenotype and stable expression profile of stemness markers. Differentiation into tenocytes was also regularly documented. US controls showed the infilling of the defect and early good alignment of the fibers and 12 horses resumed their previous activity. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations in an explanted tendon demonstrated the low immunogenicity of oAECs that were able to survive in the healing site. In addition, oAECs supported the regenerative process producing ovine collagen type I amongst the equine collagen fibers. Considering our results, oAECs can be proposed as a new approach for the treatment of spontaneous equine tendon injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Muttini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Thuille N, Baier G. Involvement of distinct PKC gene products in T cell functions. Front Immunol 2012; 3:220. [PMID: 22888329 PMCID: PMC3412260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family seem to have important roles in T cells. Focusing on the physiological and non-redundant PKC functions established in primary mouse T cells via germline gene-targeting approaches, our current knowledge defines two particularly critical PKC gene products, PKCθ and PKCα, as the "flavor of PKC" in T cells that appear to have a positive role in signaling pathways that are necessary for full antigen receptor-mediated T cell activation ex vivo and T cell-mediated immunity in vivo. Consistently, in spite of the current dogma that PKCθ inhibition might be sufficient to achieve complete immunosuppressive effects, more recent results have indicated that the pharmacological inhibition of PKCθ, and additionally, at least PKCα, appears to be needed to provide a successful approach for the prevention of allograft rejection and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gottfried Baier
- Division of Cell Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck,Tyrol, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Talbot K, Wang HY, Kazi H, Han LY, Bakshi KP, Stucky A, Fuino RL, Kawaguchi KR, Samoyedny AJ, Wilson RS, Arvanitakis Z, Schneider JA, Wolf BA, Bennett DA, Trojanowski JQ, Arnold SE. Demonstrated brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease patients is associated with IGF-1 resistance, IRS-1 dysregulation, and cognitive decline. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1316-38. [PMID: 22476197 DOI: 10.1172/jci59903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1285] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While a potential causal factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain insulin resistance has not been demonstrated directly in that disorder. We provide such a demonstration here by showing that the hippocampal formation (HF) and, to a lesser degree, the cerebellar cortex in AD cases without diabetes exhibit markedly reduced responses to insulin signaling in the IR→IRS-1→PI3K signaling pathway with greatly reduced responses to IGF-1 in the IGF-1R→IRS-2→PI3K signaling pathway. Reduced insulin responses were maximal at the level of IRS-1 and were consistently associated with basal elevations in IRS-1 phosphorylated at serine 616 (IRS-1 pS⁶¹⁶) and IRS-1 pS⁶³⁶/⁶³⁹. In the HF, these candidate biomarkers of brain insulin resistance increased commonly and progressively from normal cases to mild cognitively impaired cases to AD cases regardless of diabetes or APOE ε4 status. Levels of IRS-1 pS⁶¹⁶ and IRS-1 pS⁶³⁶/⁶³⁹ and their activated kinases correlated positively with those of oligomeric Aβ plaques and were negatively associated with episodic and working memory, even after adjusting for Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and APOE ε4. Brain insulin resistance thus appears to be an early and common feature of AD, a phenomenon accompanied by IGF-1 resistance and closely associated with IRS-1 dysfunction potentially triggered by Aβ oligomers and yet promoting cognitive decline independent of classic AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Talbot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-3403, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stemness characteristics and osteogenic potential of sheep amniotic epithelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:7-19. [PMID: 21880014 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We set out to characterize stemness properties and osteogenic potential of sheep AEC (amniotic epithelial cells). AEC were isolated from 3-month-old fetuses and expanded in vitro for 12 passages. The morphology, surface markers, stemness markers and osteogenic differentiation were inspected after 1, 6 and 12 passages of expansion, with an average doubling time of 24 h. AEC clearly expressed the stemness markers Oct-3/4 (octamer-binding protein-3/4), Nanog, Sox2 and TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) and displayed low levels of global DNA methylation. Culture had moderate effects on cell conditions; some adhesion molecules progressively disappeared from the cell surface, and the expression of Sox2 and TERT was slightly reduced while Nanog increased. No changes occurred in the levels of DNA methylation. Cells organized in 3D spheroids were used for IVD (in vitro differentiation). Within these structures the cells developed a complex intercellular organization that involved extensive intercellular coupling despite continuous cell migration. Marked deposition of calcein in the ECM (extracellular matrix), increased ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity, expression of bone-related genes (osteocalcin) and the matrix mineralization shown by Alizarin Red staining demonstrate that AEC can undergo rapid and extensive osteogenic differentiation. AEC introduced in experimental bone lesions survived in the site of implantation for 45 days and supported consistent bone neoformation, thus showing promising potential applications in osteogenic regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jóźwik A, Landowski J, Bidzan L, Fülop T, Bryl E, Witkowski JM. Beta-amyloid peptides enhance the proliferative response of activated CD4CD28 lymphocytes from Alzheimer disease patients and from healthy elderly. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33276. [PMID: 22428008 PMCID: PMC3299766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia among elderly. Despite the vast amount of literature on non-specific immune mechanisms in AD there is still little information about the potential antigen-specific immune response in this pathology. It is known that early stages of AD include β-amyloid (Aβ)- reactive antibodies production and inflammatory response. Despite some evidence gathered proving cellular immune response background in AD pathology, the specific reactions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells remain unknown as the previous investigations yielded conflicting results. Here we investigated the CD4+CD28+ population of human peripheral blood T cells and showed that soluble β-amyloids alone were unable to stimulate these cells to proliferate significantly, resulting only in minor, probably antigen-specific, proliferative response. On the other hand, the exposure of in vitro pre-stimulated lymphocytes to soluble Aβ peptides significantly enhanced the proliferative response of these cells which had also lead to increased levels of TNF, IL-10 and IL-6. We also proved that Aβ peptide-enhanced proliferative response of CD4+CD28+ cells is autonomous and independent from disease status while being associated with the initial, ex vivo activation status of the CD4+ cells. In conclusion, we suggest that the effect of Aβ peptides on the immune system of AD patients does not depend on the specific reactivity to Aβ epitope(s), but is rather a consequence of an unspecific modulation of the cell cycle dynamics and cytokine production by T cells, occurring simultaneously in a huge proportion of Aβ peptide-exposed T lymphocytes and affecting the immune system performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jóźwik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Landowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurotic Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Leszek Bidzan
- Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic Disorders, and Geriatric Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fülop
- Immunology Program, Geriatric Division, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lanuti P, Ciccocioppo F, Bonanni L, Marchisio M, Lachmann R, Tabet N, Pierdomenico L, Santavenere E, Catinella V, Iacone A, Thomas A, Gambi D, Miscia S, Onofrj M, Kern F. Amyloid-specific T-cells differentiate Alzheimer's disease from Lewy body dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:2599-611. [PMID: 22330173 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies are the most common neurodegenerative dementias in old age. Accurate diagnosis of these conditions has important clinical implications because they tend to be confounded. In the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients amyloid-beta is produced in excess and deposited as plaques, forming the hallmark of this condition. Lymphocytes have been implicated in the process of amyloid-beta removal and inflammation occurrence. Here we investigated peripheral amyloid-beta1-42-specific T-cells by multicolor flow cytometry to simultaneously detect and characterize activation markers and cell signaling proteins (phospho-protein kinase C) in patients with Alzheimer's disease or Lewy body dementia and in healthy controls. Results indicate that only Alzheimer's disease patients display small subsets of peripheral amyloid-beta1-42-specific T-cells, characterized by bright expression of phosphorylated-protein kinase C-delta or -zeta whose significance although discussed, is far from being understood. The identification of such subsets, anyhow, may strongly contribute to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from dementia with Lewy bodies, opening possible new routes to early therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lanuti
- Cell Signalling Unit, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barboni B, Curini V, Russo V, Mauro A, Di Giacinto O, Marchisio M, Alfonsi M, Mattioli M. Indirect co-culture with tendons or tenocytes can program amniotic epithelial cells towards stepwise tenogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30974. [PMID: 22348033 PMCID: PMC3277591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) have potential applications in cell-based therapy. Thus far their ability to differentiate into tenocytes has not been investigated although a cell source providing a large supply of tenocytes remains a priority target of regenerative medicine in order to respond to the poor self-repair capability of adult tendons. Starting from this premise, the present research has been designed firstly to verify whether the co-culture with adult primary tenocytes could be exploited in order to induce tenogenic differentiation in AEC, as previously demonstrated in mesenchymal stem cells. Since the co-culture systems inducing cell differentiation takes advantage of specific soluble paracrine factors released by tenocytes, the research has been then addressed to study whether the co-culture could be improved by making use of the different cell populations present within tendon explants or of the high regenerative properties of fetal derived cell/tissue. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Freshly isolated AEC, obtained from ovine fetuses at mid-gestation, were co-incubated with explanted tendons or primary tenocytes obtained from fetal or adult calcaneal tendons. The morphological and functional analysis indicated that AEC possessed tenogenic differentiation potential. However, only AEC exposed to fetal-derived cell/tissues developed in vitro tendon-like three dimensional structures with an expression profile of matrix (COL1 and THSB4) and mesenchymal/tendon related genes (TNM, OCN and SCXB) similar to that recorded in native ovine tendons. The tendon-like structures displayed high levels of organization as documented by the cell morphology, the newly deposited matrix enriched in COL1 and widespread expression of gap junction proteins (Connexin 32 and 43). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The co-culture system improves its efficiency in promoting AEC differentiation by exploiting the inductive tenogenic soluble factors released by fetal tendon cells or explants. The co-cultural system can be proposed as a low cost and easy technique to engineer tendon for biological study and cell therapy approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Barboni
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Curini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Valentina Russo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Di Giacinto
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Biomorphology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melissa Alfonsi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Mattioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pellicanò M, Larbi A, Goldeck D, Colonna-Romano G, Buffa S, Bulati M, Rubino G, Iemolo F, Candore G, Caruso C, Derhovanessian E, Pawelec G. Immune profiling of Alzheimer patients. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 242:52-9. [PMID: 22153977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular senile plaques in the brain, containing amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). We identify immunological differences between AD patients and age-matched controls greater than those related to age itself. The biggest differences were in the CD4+ rather than the CD8+ T cell compartment resulting in lower proportions of naïve cells, more late-differentiated cells and higher percentages of activated CD4+CD25+ T cells without a Treg phenotype in AD patients. Changes to CD4+ cells might be the result of chronic stimulation by Aβ present in the blood. These findings have implications for diagnosis and understanding the aetiology of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariavaleria Pellicanò
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen Aging and Tumor Immunology group, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Peripheral T cells derived from Alzheimer's disease patients overexpress CXCR2 contributing to its transendothelial migration, which is microglial TNF-alpha-dependent. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:175-88. [PMID: 18462836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of circulating T cells entry into the brain in Alzheimer's diseases (AD) remains unclear. Here, we showed that peripheral T cells derived from AD patients overexpress CXCR2 to enhance its transendothelial migration. T cells migration through in vitro blood-brain barrier model was effectively blocked by anti-CXCR2 antibody or IL-8 (a CXCR2 ligand) RNAi in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Amyloid beta (Abeta) injection in rat hippocampus upregulated CXCR2 expression accompanied with increased T cells occurrence in the brain, and this enhanced T cells entry was effectively blocked by CXCR2 antagonist. Furthermore, anti-TNF-alpha antibody blocked IL-8 production in HBMECs and T cells transendothelial migration caused by the culture supernatant of microglia treated with Abeta. Blockage of intracerebral TNF-alpha abolished the upregulation of CXCR2 in peripheral T cells and the increased T cells occurrence in the brain induced by Abeta injection in rat hippocampus. These data suggest that CXCR2 overexpression in peripheral T cells is intracerebral microglial TNF-alpha-dependent and TNF-alpha primes T cells transendothelial migration in Alzheimer's diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
Morel M, Couturier J, Lafay-Chebassier C, Paccalin M, Page G. PKR, the double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase as a critical target in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:1476-88. [PMID: 19602051 PMCID: PMC3828860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles are key hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ stimulates many signal transducers involved in the neuronal death. However, many mechanisms remain to be elucidated because no definitive therapy of AD exists. Some studies have focused on the control of translation which involves eIF2 and eIF4E, main eukaryotic factors of initiation. The availability of these factors depends on the activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), respectively. mTOR positively regulates the translation while PKR results in a protein synthesis shutdown. Many studies demonstrated that the PKR signalling pathway is up-regulated in cellular and animal models of AD and in the brain of AD patients. Interestingly, our results showed that phosphorylated PKR and eIF2α levels were significantly increased in lymphocytes of AD patients. These modifications were significantly correlated with cognitive and memory test scores performed in AD patients. On the contrary, the mTOR signalling pathway is down-regulated in cellular and animal models of AD. Recently, we showed that p53, regulated protein in development and DNA damage response 1 and tuberous sclerosis complex 2 could represent molecular links between PKR and mTOR signalling pathways. PKR could be an early biomarker of the neuronal death and a critical target for a therapeutic programme in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Morel
- Research Group on Brain Aging (EA 3808) University of Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li M, Shang DS, Zhao WD, Tian L, Li B, Fang WG, Zhu L, Man SM, Chen YH. Amyloid β Interaction with Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Up-Regulates Brain Endothelial CCR5 Expression and Promotes T Cells Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:5778-88. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|