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Chau DDL, Yu Z, Chan WWR, Yuqi Z, Chang RCC, Ngo JCK, Chan HYE, Lau KF. The cellular adaptor GULP1 interacts with ATG14 to potentiate autophagy and APP processing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:323. [PMID: 39080084 PMCID: PMC11335243 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic mechanism by which unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components are removed. The dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the molecular mechanism(s)/molecules that influence autophagy may provide important insights into developing therapeutic strategies against AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Engulfment adaptor phosphotyrosine-binding domain-containing protein 1 (GULP1) is an adaptor that interacts with amyloid precursor protein (APP) to promote amyloid-β peptide production via an unidentified mechanism. Emerging evidence suggests that GULP1 has a role in autophagy. Here, we show that GULP1 is involved in autophagy through an interaction with autophagy-related 14 (ATG14), which is a regulator of autophagosome formation. GULP1 potentiated the stimulatory effect of ATG14 on autophagy by modulating class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex 1 (PI3KC3-C1) activity. The effect of GULP1 is attenuated by a GULP1 mutation (GULP1m) that disrupts the GULP1-ATG14 interaction. Conversely, PI3KC3-C1 activity is enhanced in cells expressing APP but not in those expressing an APP mutant that does not bind GULP1, which suggests a role of GULP1-APP in regulating PI3KC3-C1 activity. Notably, GULP1 facilitates the targeting of ATG14 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, the levels of both ATG14 and APP are elevated in the autophagic vacuoles (AVs) of cells expressing GULP1, but not in those expressing GULP1m. APP processing is markedly enhanced in cells co-expressing GULP1 and ATG14. Hence, GULP1 alters APP processing by promoting the entry of APP into AVs. In summary, we unveil a novel role of GULP1 in enhancing the targeting of ATG14 to the ER to stimulate autophagy and, consequently, APP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Dik-Long Chau
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhicheng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Wa Ray Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhai Yuqi
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacky Chi Ki Ngo
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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2
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Harders RH, Morthorst TH, Landgrebe LE, Lande AD, Fuglsang MS, Mortensen SB, Feteira-Montero V, Jensen HH, Wesseltoft JB, Olsen A. CED-6/GULP and components of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis machinery act redundantly to correctly display CED-1 on the cell membrane in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae088. [PMID: 38696649 PMCID: PMC11228867 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
CED-1 (cell death abnormal) is a transmembrane receptor involved in the recognition of "eat-me" signals displayed on the surface of apoptotic cells and thus central for the subsequent engulfment of the cell corpse in Caenorhabditis elegans. The roles of CED-1 in engulfment are well established, as are its downstream effectors. The latter include the adapter protein CED-6/GULP and the ATP-binding cassette family homolog CED-7. However, how CED-1 is maintained on the plasma membrane in the absence of engulfment is currently unknown. Here, we show that CED-6 and CED-7 have a novel role in maintaining CED-1 correctly on the plasma membrane. We propose that the underlying mechanism is via endocytosis as CED-6 and CED-7 act redundantly with clathrin and its adaptor, the Adaptor protein 2 complex, in ensuring correct CED-1 localization. In conclusion, CED-6 and CED-7 impact other cellular processes than engulfment of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hindsgaul Harders
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Tine H Morthorst
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Line E Landgrebe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Anna D Lande
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Marie Sikjær Fuglsang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Stine Bothilde Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Verónica Feteira-Montero
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Helene Halkjær Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bruhn Wesseltoft
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Anders Olsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
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3
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Wu L, Hu Z, Song XF, Liao YJ, Xiahou JH, Li Y, Zhang ZH. Targeting Nrf2 signaling pathways in the role of bladder cancer: From signal network to targeted therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116829. [PMID: 38820972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy of the urinary system and often recurs after tumor removal and/or is resistant to chemotherapy. In cancer cells, the activity of the signaling pathway changes significantly, affecting a wide range of cell activities from growth and proliferation to apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in cellular defense responses to a variety of cellular stresses. There is increasing evidence that Nrf2 acts as a tumor driver and that it is involved in the maintenance of malignant cell phenotypes. Abnormal expression of Nrf2 has been found to be common in a variety of tumors, including bladder cancer. Over-activation of Nrf2 can lead to DNA damage and the development of bladder cancer, and is also associated with various pathological phenomena of bladder cancer, such as metastasis, angiogenesis, and reduced toxicity and efficacy of therapeutic anticancer drugs to provide cell protection for cancer cells. However, the above process can be effectively inhibited or reversed by inhibiting Nrf2. Therefore, Nrf2 signaling may be a potential targeting pathway for bladder cancer. In this review, we will characterize this signaling pathway and summarize the effects of Nrf2 and crosstalk with other signaling pathways on bladder cancer progression. The focus will be on the impact of Nrf2 activation on bladder cancer progression and current therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking the effects of Nrf2. To better determine how to promote new chemotherapy agents, develop new therapeutic agents, and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China.
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fen Song
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China
| | - Yu-Jian Liao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China
| | - Jiang-Huan Xiahou
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hua Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China.
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Kim SY, Park GI, Park SY, Lee EH, Choi H, Koh JT, Han S, Choi MH, Park EK, Kim IS, Kim JE. Gulp1 deficiency augments bone mass in male mice by affecting osteoclasts due to elevated 17β-estradiol levels. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1006-1019. [PMID: 36870066 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The engulfment adaptor phosphotyrosine-binding domain containing 1 (GULP1) is an adaptor protein involved in the engulfment of apoptotic cells via phagocytosis. Gulp1 was first found to promote the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages, and its role in various tissues, including neurons and ovaries, has been well studied. However, the expression and function of GULP1 in bone tissue are poorly understood. Consequently, to determine whether GULP1 plays a role in the regulation of bone remodeling in vitro and in vivo, we generated Gulp1 knockout (KO) mice. Gulp1 was expressed in bone tissue, mainly in osteoblasts, while its expression is very low in osteoclasts. Microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry analysis in 8-week-old male Gulp1 KO mice revealed a high bone mass in comparison with male wild-type (WT) mice. This was a result of decreased osteoclast differentiation and function in vivo and in vitro as confirmed by a reduced actin ring and microtubule formation in osteoclasts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis further showed that both 17β-estradiol (E2) and 2-hydroxyestradiol levels, and the E2/testosterone metabolic ratio, reflecting aromatase activity, were also higher in the bone marrow of male Gulp1 KO mice than in male WT mice. Consistent with mass spectrometry analysis, aromatase enzymatic activity was significantly higher in the bone marrow of male Gulp1 KO mice. Altogether, our results suggest that GULP1 deficiency decreases the differentiation and function of osteoclasts themselves and increases sex steroid hormone-mediated inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and function, rather than affecting osteoblasts, resulting in a high bone mass in male mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the direct and indirect roles of GULP1 in bone remodeling, providing new insights into its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyun Han
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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5
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Hayashi M, Guida E, Inokawa Y, Goldberg R, Reis LO, Ooki A, Pilli M, Sadhukhan P, Woo J, Choi W, Izumchenko E, Gonzalez LM, Marchionni L, Zhavoronkov A, Brait M, Bivalacqua T, Baras A, Netto GJ, Koch W, Singh A, Hoque MO. GULP1 regulates the NRF2-KEAP1 signaling axis in urothelial carcinoma. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/645/eaba0443. [PMID: 32817372 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway results in the transactivation of NRF2 target genes, consequently inducing cell proliferation and other phenotypic changes in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrated that GULP1 was a KEAP1-binding protein that maintained actin cytoskeleton architecture and helped KEAP1 to sequester NRF2 in the cytoplasm. In urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), silencing of GULP1 facilitated the nuclear accumulation of NRF2, led to constitutive activation of NRF2 signaling, and conferred resistance to the platinum drug cisplatin. Knockdown of GULP1 in UCB cells promoted tumor cell proliferation in vitro and enhanced tumor growth in vivo. In primary UCB, GULP1 silencing was more prevalent in muscle-invasive UCB compared to nonmuscle-invasive UCB. GULP1 knockdown cells showed resistance to cisplatin treatment. In parallel with decreased GULP1 expression, we observed increased expression of NRF2, HMOX1, and other candidate antioxidant genes in cisplatin-resistant cells. Furthermore, low or no expression of GULP1 was observed in most cisplatin nonresponder cases. Silencing of GULP1 was associated with GULP1 promoter hypermethylation in cell lines and primary tumors, and a high frequency of GULP1 promoter methylation was observed in multiple sets of primary clinical UCB samples. Together, our findings demonstrate that GULP1 is a KEAP1-binding protein that regulates KEAP1-NRF2 signaling in UCB and that promoter hypermethylation of GULP1 is a potential mechanism of GULP1 silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Elisa Guida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Rachel Goldberg
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Leonardo O Reis
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Akira Ooki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Manohar Pilli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pritam Sadhukhan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Juhyung Woo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Woonyoung Choi
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Leonel Maldonado Gonzalez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics-Gynecologic Specialties, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, B301, 1101 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mariana Brait
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Trinity Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alexander Baras
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Wayne Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Anju Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mohammad O Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. .,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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6
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Han Y, Da Y, Yu M, Cheng Y, Wang X, Xiong J, Guo G, Li Y, Jiang X, Cai X. Protein labeling approach to improve lysosomal targeting and efficacy of antibody–drug conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3229-3233. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An anti-EGFR nanobody was labeled at the C-terminus with a lysosome-sorting NPGY (Asn-Pro-Gly-Tyr) motifviasortase-mediated ligation to enhance the clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yifan Da
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Mingjia Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yaping Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jiale Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Guoying Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
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7
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Chau DDL, Yung KWY, Chan WWL, An Y, Hao Y, Chan HYE, Ngo JCK, Lau KF. Attenuation of amyloid-β generation by atypical protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 1 threonine 35. FASEB J 2019; 33:12019-12035. [PMID: 31373844 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802825rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is derived from the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and the deposition of extracellular Aβ to form amyloid plaques is a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although reducing Aβ generation and accumulation has been proposed as a means of treating the disease, adverse side effects and unsatisfactory efficacy have been reported in several clinical trials that sought to lower Aβ levels. Engulfment adaptor phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain containing 1 (GULP1) is a molecular adaptor that has been shown to interact with APP to alter Aβ production. Therefore, the modulation of the GULP1-APP interaction may be an alternative approach to reducing Aβ. However, the mechanisms that regulate GULP1-APP binding remain elusive. As GULP1 is a phosphoprotein, and because phosphorylation is a common mechanism that regulates protein interaction, we anticipated that GULP1 phosphorylation would influence GULP1-APP interaction and thereby Aβ production. We show here that the phosphorylation of GULP1 threonine 35 (T35) reduces GULP1-APP interaction and suppresses the stimulatory effect of GULP1 on APP processing. The residue is phosphorylated by an isoform of atypical PKC (PKCζ). Overexpression of PKCζ reduces both GULP1-APP interaction and GULP1-mediated Aβ generation. Moreover, the activation of PKCζ via insulin suppresses APP processing. In contrast, GULP1-mediated APP processing is enhanced in PKCζ knockout cells. Similarly, PKC ι, another member of atypical PKC, also decreases GULP1-mediated APP processing. Intriguingly, our X-ray crystal structure of GULP1 PTB-APP intracellular domain (AICD) peptide reveals that GULP1 T35 is not located at the GULP1-AICD binding interface; rather, it immediately precedes the β1-α2 loop that forms a portion of the binding groove for the APP helix αC. Phosphorylating the residue may induce an allosteric effect on the conformation of the binding groove. Our results indicate that GULP1 T35 phosphorylation is a mechanism for the regulation of GULP1-APP interaction and thereby APP processing. Moreover, the activation of atypical PKC, such as by insulin, may confer a beneficial effect on AD by lowering GULP1-mediated Aβ production.-Chau, D. D.-L., Yung, K. W.-Y., Chan, W. W.-L., An, Y., Hao, Y., Chan, H.-Y. E., Ngo, J. C.-K., Lau, K.-F. Attenuation of amyloid-β generation by atypical protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 1 threonine 35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Dik-Long Chau
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kristen Wing-Yu Yung
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Wai-Lun Chan
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying An
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Yin Edwin Chan
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky Chi-Ki Ngo
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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8
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The role of PTB domain containing adaptor proteins on PICALM-mediated APP endocytosis and localization. Biochem J 2019; 476:2093-2109. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractOne hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of amyloid plaques, which mainly consist of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage product amyloid β (Aβ). For cleavage to occur, the APP must be endocytosed from the cell surface. The phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and polymorphisms in and near the gene locus were identified as genetic risk factors for AD. PICALM overexpression enhances APP internalization and Aβ production. Furthermore, PICALM shuttles into the nucleus, but its function within the nucleus is still unknown. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated an interaction between PICALM and APP, which is abrogated by mutation of the APP NPXY-motif. Since the NPXY-motif is an internalization signal that binds to phosphotryrosine-binding domain-containing adaptor proteins (PTB-APs), we hypothesized that PTB-APs can modulate the APP-PICALM interaction. We found that interaction between PICALM and the PTB-APs (Numb, JIP1b and GULP1) enhances the APP-PICALM interaction. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis and internalization assays revealed differentially altered APP cell surface levels and endocytosis rates that depended upon the presence of PICALM and co-expression of distinct PTB-APs. Additionally, we were able to show an impact of PICALM nuclear shuttling upon co-expression of PTB-APs and PICALM, with the magnitude of the effect depending on which PTB-AP was co-expressed. Taken together, our results indicate a modulating effect of PTB-APs on PICALM-mediated APP endocytosis and localization.
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9
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Matrone C, Iannuzzi F, Annunziato L. The Y 682ENPTY 687 motif of APP: Progress and insights toward a targeted therapy for Alzheimer's disease patients. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 52:120-128. [PMID: 31039414 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder for which no curative treatments, disease modifying strategies or effective symptomatic therapies exist. Current pharmacologic treatments for AD can only decelerate the progression of the disease for a short time, often at the cost of severe side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for biomarkers able to diagnose AD at its earliest stages, to conclusively track disease progression, and to accelerate the clinical development of innovative therapies. Scientific research and economic efforts for the development of pharmacotherapies have recently homed in on the hypothesis that neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in their oligomeric or fibrillary forms are primarily responsible for the cognitive impairment and neuronal death seen in AD. As such, modern pharmacologic approaches are largely based on reducing production by inhibiting β and γ secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) or on dissolving existing cerebral Aβ plaques or to favor Aβ clearance from the brain. The following short review aims to persuade the reader of the idea that APP plays a much larger role in AD pathogenesis. APP plays a greater role in AD pathogenesis than its role as the precursor for Aβ peptides: both the abnormal cleavage of APP leading to Aβ peptide accumulation and the disruption of APP physiological functions contribute to AD pathogenesis. We summarize our recent results on the role played by the C-terminal APP motif -the Y682ENPTY68 motif- in APP function and dysfunction, and we provide insights into targeting the Tyr682 residue of APP as putative novel strategy in AD.
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Hesse R, von Einem B, Wagner F, Bott P, Schwanzar D, Jackson RJ, Föhr KJ, Lausser L, Kroker KS, Proepper C, Walther P, Kestler HA, Spires-Jones TL, Boeckers T, Rosenbrock H, von Arnim CAF. sAPPβ and sAPPα increase structural complexity and E/I input ratio in primary hippocampal neurons and alter Ca 2+ homeostasis and CREB1-signaling. Exp Neurol 2018; 304:1-13. [PMID: 29466703 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One major pathophysiological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is senile plaques composed of amyloid β (Aβ). In the amyloidogenic pathway, cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is shifted towards Aβ production and soluble APPβ (sAPPβ) levels. Aβ is known to impair synaptic function; however, much less is known about the physiological functions of sAPPβ. The neurotrophic properties of sAPPα, derived from the non-amyloidogenic pathway of APP cleavage, are well-established, whereas only a few, conflicting studies on sAPPβ exist. The intracellular pathways of sAPPβ are largely unknown. Since sAPPβ is generated alongside Aβ by β-secretase (BACE1) cleavage, we tested the hypothesis that sAPPβ effects differ from sAPPα effects as a neurotrophic factor. We therefore performed a head-to-head comparison of both mammalian recombinant peptides in developing primary hippocampal neurons (PHN). We found that sAPPα significantly increases axon length (p = 0.0002) and that both sAPPα and sAPPβ increase neurite number (p < 0.0001) of PHN at 7 days in culture (DIV7) but not at DIV4. Moreover, both sAPPα- and sAPPβ-treated neurons showed a higher neuritic complexity in Sholl analysis. The number of glutamatergic synapses (p < 0.0001), as well as layer thickness of postsynaptic densities (PSDs), were significantly increased, and GABAergic synapses decreased upon sAPP overexpression in PHN. Furthermore, we showed that sAPPα enhances ERK and CREB1 phosphorylation upon glutamate stimulation at DIV7, but not DIV4 or DIV14. These neurotrophic effects are further associated with increased glutamate sensitivity and CREB1-signaling. Finally, we found that sAPPα levels are significantly reduced in brain homogenates of AD patients compared to control subjects. Taken together, our data indicate critical stage-dependent roles of sAPPs in the developing glutamatergic system in vitro, which might help to understand deleterious consequences of altered APP shedding in AD patients, beyond Aβ pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hesse
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Patricia Bott
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Rosemary J Jackson
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Ludwig Lausser
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja S Kroker
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Dept. of Drug Discovery Sciences, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Rosenbrock
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Dept. of CNS Diseases Research, Biberach, Germany
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GULP1/CED-6 ameliorates amyloid-β toxicity in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99274-99283. [PMID: 29245900 PMCID: PMC5725091 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidogenic processing of APP by β- and γ-secretases leads to the generation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and the accumulation of Aβ in senile plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Understanding the mechanisms of APP processing is therefore paramount. Increasing evidence suggests that APP intracellular domain (AICD) interacting proteins influence APP processing. In this study, we characterized the overexpression of AICD interactor GULP1 in a Drosophila AD model expressing human BACE and APP695. Transgenic GULP1 significantly lowered the levels of both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 without decreasing the BACE and APP695 levels. Overexpression of GULP1 also reduced APP/BACE-mediated retinal degeneration, rescued motor dysfunction and extended longevity of the flies. Our results indicate that GULP1 regulate APP processing and reduce neurotoxicity in a Drosophila AD model.
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Lee RS, Pirooznia M, Guintivano J, Ly M, Ewald ER, Tamashiro KL, Gould TD, Moran TH, Potash JB. Search for common targets of lithium and valproic acid identifies novel epigenetic effects of lithium on the rat leptin receptor gene. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e600. [PMID: 26171981 PMCID: PMC5068731 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics may have an important role in mood stabilizer action. Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and lithium (Li) may have downstream epigenetic actions. To identify genes commonly affected by both mood stabilizers and to assess potential epigenetic mechanisms that may be involved in their mechanism of action, we administered Li (N = 12), VPA (N = 12), and normal chow (N = 12) to Brown Norway rats for 30 days. Genomic DNA and mRNA were extracted from the hippocampus. We used the mRNA to perform gene expression analysis on Affymetrix microarray chips, and for genes commonly regulated by both Li and VPA, we validated expression levels using quantitative real-time PCR. To identify potential mechanisms underlying expression changes, genomic DNA was bisulfite treated for pyrosequencing of key CpG island 'shores' and promoter regions, and chromatin was prepared from both hippocampal tissue and a hippocampal-derived cell line to assess modifications of histones. For most genes, we found little evidence of DNA methylation changes in response to the medications. However, we detected histone H3 methylation and acetylation in the leptin receptor gene, Lepr, following treatment with both drugs. VPA-mediated effects on histones are well established, whereas the Li effects constitute a novel mechanism of transcriptional derepression for this drug. These data support several shared transcriptional targets of Li and VPA, and provide evidence suggesting leptin signaling as an epigenetic target of two mood stabilizers. Additional work could help clarify whether leptin signaling in the brain has a role in the therapeutic action of Li and VPA in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Lee
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 1068, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. E-mail:
| | - M Pirooznia
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Guintivano
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Graduate Program in Human Genetics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Ly
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E R Ewald
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K L Tamashiro
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T D Gould
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T H Moran
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Engulfment adaptor phosphotyrosine-binding-domain-containing 1 (GULP1) is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein and is transactivationally active together with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). Biochem J 2013; 450:333-43. [PMID: 23167255 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
APP (amyloid precursor protein) and LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD (Alzheimer's disease). They are functionally linked by Fe65, a PTB (phosphotyrosine-binding)-domain-containing adaptor protein that binds to intracellular NPxY-motifs of APP and LRP1, thereby influencing expression levels, cellular trafficking and processing. Additionally, Fe65 has been reported to mediate nuclear signalling in combination with intracellular domains of APP and LRP1. We have previously identified another adaptor protein, GULP1 (engulfment adaptor PTB-domain-containing 1). In the present study we characterize and compare nuclear trafficking and transactivation of GULP1 and Fe65 together with APP and LRP1 and report differential nuclear trafficking of adaptors when APP or LRP1 are co-expressed. The observed effects were additionally supported by a reporter-plasmid-based transactivation assay. The results from the present study indicate that Fe65 might have signalling properties together with APP and LRP1, whereas GULP1 only mediates LRP1 transactivation.
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Song M, Song MK, Choi HS, Ryu JC. Monitoring of deiodinase deficiency based on transcriptomic responses in SH-SY5Y cells. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1103-13. [PMID: 23397585 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iodothyronine deiodinase types I, II, and III (D1, D2, and D3, respectively), which constitute a family of selenoenzymes, activate and inactivate thyroid hormones through the removal of specific iodine moieties from thyroxine and its derivatives. These enzymes are important in the biological effects mediated by thyroid hormones. The expression of activating and inactivating deiodinases plays a critical role in a number of cell systems, including the neuronal system, during development as well as in adult vertebrates. To investigate deiodinase-disrupting chemicals based on transcriptomic responses, we examined differences in gene expression profiles between T3-treated and deiodinase-knockdown SH-SY5Y cells using microarray analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. A total of 1,558 genes, consisting of 755 upregulated and 803 downregulated genes, were differentially expressed between the T3-treated and deiodinase-knockdown cells. The expression levels of 10 of these genes (ID2, ID3, CCL2, TBX3, TGOLN2, C1orf71, ZNF676, GULP1, KLF9, and ITGB5) were altered by deiodinase-disrupting chemicals (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls, propylthiouracil, iodoacetic acid, methylmercury, β-estradiol, methimazole, 3-methylcholanthrene, aminotriazole, amiodarone, cadmium chloride, dimethoate, fenvalerate, octylmethoxycinnamate, iopanoic acid, methoxychlor, and 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor). These genes are potential biomarkers for detecting deiodinase deficiency and predicting their effects on thyroid hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Song
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Center for Integrated Risk Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jha A, Watkins SC, Traub LM. The apoptotic engulfment protein Ced-6 participates in clathrin-mediated yolk uptake in Drosophila egg chambers. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1742-64. [PMID: 22398720 PMCID: PMC3338440 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-11-0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During oogenesis in Drosophila, the phagocytic engulfment protein Ced-6 recognizes the atypical endocytic sorting signal within the vitellogenin receptor Yolkless. Because Ced-6 displays all of the features of an authentic clathrin adaptor, an unrecognized clathrin dependence for Ced-6/Gulp operation during phagocytosis is possible. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis are both selective surface internalization processes but have little known mechanistic similarity or interdependence. Here we show that the phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain protein Ced-6, a well-established phagocytosis component that operates as a transducer of so-called “eat-me” signals during engulfment of apoptotic cells and microorganisms, is expressed in the female Drosophila germline and that Ced-6 expression correlates with ovarian follicle development. Ced-6 exhibits all the known biochemical properties of a clathrin-associated sorting protein, yet ced-6–null flies are semifertile despite massive accumulation of soluble yolk precursors in the hemolymph. This is because redundant sorting signals within the cytosolic domain of the Drosophila vitellogenin receptor Yolkless, a low density lipoprotein receptor superfamily member, occur; a functional atypical dileucine signal binds to the endocytic AP-2 clathrin adaptor directly. Nonetheless, the Ced-6 PTB domain specifically recognizes the noncanonical Yolkless FXNPXA sorting sequence and in HeLa cells promotes the rapid, clathrin-dependent uptake of a Yolkless chimera lacking the distal dileucine signal. Ced-6 thus operates in vivo as a clathrin adaptor. Because the human Ced-6 orthologue GULP similarly binds to clathrin machinery, localizes to cell surface clathrin-coated structures, and is enriched in placental clathrin-coated vesicles, new possibilities for Ced-6/Gulp operation during phagocytosis must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Jha
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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