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Overk C, Fiorini E, Babolin C, Vukicevic M, Morici C, Madani R, Eligert V, Kosco-Vilbois M, Roberts A, Becker A, Pfeifer A, Mobley WC. Modeling Alzheimer's disease related phenotypes in the Ts65Dn mouse: impact of age on Aβ, Tau, pTau, NfL, and behavior. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1202208. [PMID: 37449271 PMCID: PMC10336548 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1202208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction People with DS are highly predisposed to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and demonstrate very similar clinical and pathological features. Ts65Dn mice are widely used and serve as the best-characterized animal model of DS. Methods We undertook studies to characterize age-related changes for AD-relevant markers linked to Aβ, Tau, and phospho-Tau, axonal structure, inflammation, and behavior. Results We found age related changes in both Ts65Dn and 2N mice. Relative to 2N mice, Ts65Dn mice showed consistent increases in Aβ40, insoluble phospho-Tau, and neurofilament light protein. These changes were correlated with deficits in learning and memory. Discussion These data have implications for planning future experiments aimed at preventing disease-related phenotypes and biomarkers. Interventions should be planned to address specific manifestations using treatments and treatment durations adequate to engage targets to prevent the emergence of phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ann Becker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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2
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Hu Z, Chen PH, Li W, Douglas T, Hines J, Liu Y, Crews CM. Targeted Dephosphorylation of Tau by Phosphorylation Targeting Chimeras (PhosTACs) as a Therapeutic Modality. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4045-4055. [PMID: 36753634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is essential for microtubule assembly and stabilization. Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau plays an important pathological role in the development of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. In vivo studies using kinase inhibitors suggest that reducing tau phosphorylation levels has therapeutic potential; however, such approaches showed limited benefits. We sought to further develop our phosphorylation targeting chimera (PhosTAC) technology to specifically induce tau dephosphorylation. Herein, we use small molecule-based PhosTACs to recruit tau to PP2A, a native tau phosphatase. PhosTACs induced the formation of a stable ternary complex, leading to rapid, efficient, and sustained tau dephosphorylation, which also correlated with the enhanced downregulation of tau protein. Mass spectrometry data validated that PhosTACs downregulated multiple phosphorylation sites of tau. We believe that PhosTAC possesses several advantages over current strategies to modulate tau phosphorylation and represents a new avenue for disease-modifying therapies for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan city 701, Taiwan
| | - Wenxue Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Todd Douglas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - John Hines
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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3
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Kumar R, Tiwari V, Dey S. Role of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5442-5452. [PMID: 34905657 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Two major pathological hallmarks have been identified for AD: extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Recently, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), which belongs to the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) non-receptor tyrosine kinase family, was recognized to contribute significantly towards the pathogenesis of AD. Pyk2 can influence the formation of amyloid plaques as well as NFTs. The kinase can directly phosphorylate tau, which is a significant component of NFTs and enhances tau pathology. Several competitive inhibitors have been developed for Pyk2, tested in several cancer models, as Pyk2 is known to be overexpressed under those conditions. The current review article discusses the possible mechanistic pathways by which Pyk2 can influence the pathogenesis of AD. Besides, it describes various inhibitors for Pyk2 and their potential role as therapeutics for AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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4
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Mumford P, Tosh J, Anderle S, Gkanatsiou Wikberg E, Lau G, Noy S, Cleverley K, Saito T, Saido TC, Yu E, Brinkmalm G, Portelius E, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Tybulewicz V, Fisher EMC, Wiseman FK. Genetic Mapping of APP and Amyloid-β Biology Modulation by Trisomy 21. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6453-6468. [PMID: 35835549 PMCID: PMC9398545 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0521-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals who have Down syndrome (DS) frequently develop early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition caused by the buildup of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins in the brain. Aβ is produced by amyloid precursor protein (APP), a gene located on chromosome 21. People who have DS have three copies of chromosome 21 and thus also an additional copy of APP; this genetic change drives the early development of AD in these individuals. Here we use a combination of next-generation mouse models of DS (Tc1, Dp3Tyb, Dp(10)2Yey and Dp(17)3Yey) and a knockin mouse model of Aβ accumulation (AppNL-F ) to determine how chromosome 21 genes, other than APP, modulate APP/Aβ in the brain when in three copies. Using both male and female mice, we demonstrate that three copies of other chromosome 21 genes are sufficient to partially ameliorate Aβ accumulation in the brain. We go on to identify a subregion of chromosome 21 that contains the gene(s) causing this decrease in Aβ accumulation and investigate the role of two lead candidate genes, Dyrk1a and Bace2 Thus, an additional copy of chromosome 21 genes, other than APP, can modulate APP/Aβ in the brain under physiological conditions. This work provides critical mechanistic insight into the development of disease and an explanation for the typically later age of onset of dementia in people who have AD in DS, compared with those who have familial AD caused by triplication of APP SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Trisomy of chromosome 21 is a commonly occurring genetic risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been previously attributed to people with Down syndrome having three copies of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, which is encoded on chromosome 21. However, we have shown that an extra copy of other chromosome 21 genes modifies AD-like phenotypes independently of APP copy number (Wiseman et al., 2018; Tosh et al., 2021). Here, we use a mapping approach to narrow down the genetic cause of the modulation of pathology, demonstrating that gene(s) on chromosome 21 decrease Aβ accumulation in the brain, independently of alterations to full-length APP or C-terminal fragment abundance and that just 38 genes are sufficient to cause this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Mumford
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Tosh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Anderle
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Gkanatsiou Wikberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-431 80, Sweden
| | - Gloria Lau
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Noy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama Japan, 351-0198
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama Japan, 351-0198
| | - Eugene Yu
- Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Buffalo, New York NY 14263
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-431 80, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-431 80, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal S-43180, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal S-43180, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Victor Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- LonDownS: London Down Syndrome Consortium
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- LonDownS: London Down Syndrome Consortium
| | - Frances K Wiseman
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- LonDownS: London Down Syndrome Consortium
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5
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Farrell C, Mumford P, Wiseman FK. Rodent Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome: In vivo and ex vivo Approaches. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:909669. [PMID: 35747206 PMCID: PMC9209729 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.909669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are an estimated 6 million people with Down syndrome (DS) worldwide. In developed countries, the vast majority of these individuals will develop Alzheimer's disease neuropathology characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles within the brain, which leads to the early onset of dementia (AD-DS) and reduced life-expectancy. The mean age of onset of clinical dementia is ~55 years and by the age of 80, approaching 100% of individuals with DS will have a dementia diagnosis. DS is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) thus an additional copy of a gene(s) on the chromosome must cause the development of AD neuropathology and dementia. Indeed, triplication of the gene APP which encodes the amyloid precursor protein is sufficient and necessary for early onset AD (EOAD), both in people who have and do not have DS. However, triplication of other genes on Hsa21 leads to profound differences in neurodevelopment resulting in intellectual disability, elevated incidence of epilepsy and perturbations to the immune system. This different biology may impact on how AD neuropathology and dementia develops in people who have DS. Indeed, genes on Hsa21 other than APP when in three-copies can modulate AD-pathogenesis in mouse preclinical models. Understanding this biology better is critical to inform drug selection for AD prevention and therapy trials for people who have DS. Here we will review rodent preclinical models of AD-DS and how these can be used for both in vivo and ex vivo (cultured cells and organotypic slice cultures) studies to understand the mechanisms that contribute to the early development of AD in people who have DS and test the utility of treatments to prevent or delay the development of disease.
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6
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Cell models for Down syndrome-Alzheimer’s disease research. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210054. [PMID: 35449591 PMCID: PMC8996251 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality and leads to intellectual disability, increased risk of cardiac defects, and an altered immune response. Individuals with DS have an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) and are more likely to develop early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than the general population. Changes in expression of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21)-encoded genes, such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD in DS (DS-AD). However, the mechanisms of DS-AD remain poorly understood. To date, several mouse models with an extra copy of genes syntenic to Hsa21 have been developed to characterise DS-AD-related phenotypes. Nonetheless, due to genetic and physiological differences between mouse and human, mouse models cannot faithfully recapitulate all features of DS-AD. Cells differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), isolated from individuals with genetic diseases, can be used to model disease-related cellular and molecular pathologies, including DS. In this review, we will discuss the limitations of mouse models of DS and how these can be addressed using recent advancements in modelling DS using human iPSCs and iPSC-mouse chimeras, and potential applications of iPSCs in preclinical studies for DS-AD.
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7
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Xiong A, Li J, Xiong R, Xia Y, Jiang X, Cao F, Lu H, Xu J, Shan F. Inhibition of HIF-1α-AQP4 axis ameliorates brain edema and neurological functional deficits in a rat controlled cortical injury (CCI) model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2701. [PMID: 35177771 PMCID: PMC8854620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of death in young adults and children. Till now, the treatment of TBI in the short- and long-term complications is still a challenge. Our previous evidence implied aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) might be potential targets for TBI. In this study, we explored the roles of AQP4 and HIF-1α on brain edema formation, neuronal damage and neurological functional deficits after TBI using the controlled cortical injury (CCI) model. The adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham and TBI group, the latter group was further divided into neutralized-AQP4 antibody group, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) group, and their corresponding control, IgG and isotonic saline groups, respectively. Brain edema was examined by water content. Hippocampal neuronal injury was assessed by neuron loss and neuronal skeleton related protein expressions. Spatial learning and memory deficits were evaluated by Morris water maze test and memory-related proteins were detected by western blot. Our data showed that increased AQP4 protein level was closely correlated with severity of brain edema after TBI. Compared with that in the control group, both blockage of AQP4 with neutralized-AQP4 antibody and inhibition of HIF-1α with 2-ME2 for one-time treatment within 30-60 min post TBI significantly ameliorated brain edema on the 1st day post-TBI, and markedly alleviated hippocampal neuron loss and spatial learning and memory deficits on the 21st day post-TBI. In summary, our preliminary study revealed the short-term and long-term benefits of targeting HIF-1α-AQP4 axis after TBI, which may provide new clues for the selection of potential therapeutic targets for TBI in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450042, Henan, China
| | - Junxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Department of Traumatic Shock and Blood Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Renping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yiming Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450042, Henan, China
| | - Fuyang Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450042, Henan, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing No. 7 Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450042, Henan, China.
| | - Fabo Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Ishihara K. The accumulation of copper in the brain of Down syndrome promotes oxidative stress: possible mechanism underlying cognitive impairment. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:16-21. [PMID: 35903608 PMCID: PMC9309086 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ishihara
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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9
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Wu Y, Whittaker HT, Noy S, Cleverley K, Brault V, Herault Y, Fisher EMC, Wiseman FK. The effects of Cstb duplication on APP/amyloid-β pathology and cathepsin B activity in a mouse model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242236. [PMID: 34292972 PMCID: PMC8297773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 have a greatly increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This is in part because of triplication of a chromosome 21 gene, APP. This gene encodes amyloid precursor protein, which is cleaved to form amyloid-β that accumulates in the brains of people who have AD. Recent experimental results demonstrate that a gene or genes on chromosome 21, other than APP, when triplicated significantly accelerate amyloid-β pathology in a transgenic mouse model of amyloid-β deposition. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that cysteine cathepsin activity influences APP cleavage and amyloid-β accumulation. Located on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is an endogenous inhibitor of cathepsin proteases, CYSTATIN B (CSTB) which is proposed to regulate cysteine cathepsin activity in vivo. Here we determined if three copies of the mouse gene Cstb is sufficient to modulate amyloid-β accumulation and cathepsin activity in a transgenic APP mouse model. Duplication of Cstb resulted in an increase in transcriptional and translational levels of Cstb in the mouse cortex but had no effect on the deposition of insoluble amyloid-β plaques or the levels of soluble or insoluble amyloid-β42, amyloid-β40, or amyloid-β38 in 6-month old mice. In addition, the increased CSTB did not alter the activity of cathepsin B enzyme in the cortex of 3-month or 6-month old mice. These results indicate that the single-gene duplication of Cstb is insufficient to elicit a disease-modifying phenotype in the dupCstb x tgAPP mice, underscoring the complexity of the genetic basis of AD-DS and the importance of multiple gene interactions in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Wu
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather T. Whittaker
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanna Noy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- LonDownS Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances K. Wiseman
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- LonDownS Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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10
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Jangampalli Adi P, Reddy PH. Phosphorylated tau targeted small-molecule PROTACs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166162. [PMID: 33940164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-stabilizing protein that plays an important role in the formation of axonal microtubules in neurons. Phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) has received great attention in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a potential therapeutic target due to its involvement with synaptic damage and neuronal dysfunction. Mounting evidence suggests that amyloid beta (Aβ)-targeted clinical trials continuously failed; therefore, it is important to consider alternative therapeutic strategies such as p-tau-PROTACs targeted small molecules for AD and other tauopathies. The present article describes the characteristics of tau biology, structure, and function in both healthy and pathological states in AD. It also explains data from studies that have identified the involvement of p-tau in neuronal damage and synaptic and cognitive functions in AD. Current article also covers several aspects, including small molecule inhibitors, and the development of p-tau-PROTACs targeted drug molecules to treat patients with AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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11
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Ma D, Cardoso MJ, Zuluaga MA, Modat M, Powell NM, Wiseman FK, Cleary JO, Sinclair B, Harrison IF, Siow B, Popuri K, Lee S, Matsubara JA, Sarunic MV, Beg MF, Tybulewicz VLJ, Fisher EMC, Lythgoe MF, Ourselin S. Substantially thinner internal granular layer and reduced molecular layer surface in the cerebellar cortex of the Tc1 mouse model of down syndrome - a comprehensive morphometric analysis with active staining contrast-enhanced MRI. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117271. [PMID: 32835824 PMCID: PMC8417772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Down Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that affects the development of cerebellar cortical lobules. Impaired neurogenesis in the cerebellum varies among different types of neuronal cells and neuronal layers. In this study, we developed an imaging analysis framework that utilizes gadolinium-enhanced ex vivo mouse brain MRI. We extracted the middle Purkinje layer of the mouse cerebellar cortex, enabling the estimation of the volume, thickness, and surface area of the entire cerebellar cortex, the internal granular layer, and the molecular layer in the Tc1 mouse model of Down Syndrome. The morphometric analysis of our method revealed that a larger proportion of the cerebellar thinning in this model of Down Syndrome resided in the inner granule cell layer, while a larger proportion of the surface area shrinkage was in the molecular layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Ma
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, United Kingdom; School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
| | - Manuel J Cardoso
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A Zuluaga
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; Data Science Department, EURECOM, France
| | - Marc Modat
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick M Powell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances K Wiseman
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UK London; Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon O Cleary
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, Guy´s and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin Sinclair
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian F Harrison
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Siow
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, United Kingdom; The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karteek Popuri
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Sieun Lee
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marinko V Sarunic
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Mirza Faisal Beg
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
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12
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Ivanov SM, Atanasova M, Dimitrov I, Doytchinova IA. Cellular polyamines condense hyperphosphorylated Tau, triggering Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10098. [PMID: 32572101 PMCID: PMC7308275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many gaps in our understanding of Alzheimer's disease remain despite intense research efforts. One such prominent gap is the mechanism of Tau condensation and fibrillization. One viewpoint is that positively charged Tau is condensed by cytosolic polyanions. However, this hypothesis is likely based on an overestimation of the abundance and stability of cytosolic polyanions and an underestimation of crucial intracellular constituents - the cationic polyamines. Here, we propose an alternative mechanism grounded in cellular biology. We describe extensive molecular dynamics simulations and analysis on physiologically relevant model systems, which suggest that it is not positively charged, unmodified Tau that is condensed by cytosolic polyanions but negatively charged, hyperphosphorylated Tau that is condensed by cytosolic polycations. Our work has broad implications for anti-Alzheimer's research and drug development and the broader field of tauopathies in general, potentially paving the way to future etiologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Ivanov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 st., Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria.
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Mariyana Atanasova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 st., Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 st., Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Irini A Doytchinova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 st., Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
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13
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Cannavo C, Tosh J, Fisher EMC, Wiseman FK. Using mouse models to understand Alzheimer's disease mechanisms in the context of trisomy of chromosome 21. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 251:181-208. [PMID: 32057307 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
People who have Down syndrome are at significantly elevated risk of developing early onset Alzheimer's disease that causes dementia (AD-DS). Here we review recent progress in modeling the development of AD-DS in mouse models. These studies provide insight into mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease and generate new clinical research questions. In addition, they suggest potential new targets for disease prevention therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cannavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Tosh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances K Wiseman
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at University College, London, United Kingdom.
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14
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De Toma I, Ortega M, Aloy P, Sabidó E, Dierssen M. DYRK1A Overexpression Alters Cognition and Neural-Related Proteomic Pathways in the Hippocampus That Are Rescued by Green Tea Extract and/or Environmental Enrichment. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:272. [PMID: 31803016 PMCID: PMC6873902 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. We recently discovered that green tea extracts containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) improve cognition in mice transgenic for Dyrk1a (TgDyrk1A) and in a trisomic DS mouse model (Ts65Dn). Interestingly, paired with cognitive stimulation, green tea has beneficial pro-cognitive effects in DS individuals. Dual Specificity Tyrosine-Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a major candidate to explain the cognitive phenotypes of DS, and inhibiting its activity is a promising pro-cognitive therapy. DYRK1A kinase activity can be normalized in the hippocampus of transgenic DYRK1A mice administering green tea extracts, but also submitting the animals to environmental enrichment (EE). However, many other mechanisms could also explain the pro-cognitive effects of green tea extracts and EE. To underpin the overall alterations arising upon DYRK1A overexpression and the molecular processes underneath the pro-cognitive effects, we used quantitative proteomics. We investigated the hippocampal (phospho)proteome in basal conditions and after treatment with a green tea extract containing EGCG and/or EE in TgDyrk1A and control mice. We found that Dyrk1A overexpression alters protein and phosphoprotein levels of key postsynaptic and plasticity-related pathways and that these alterations were rescued upon the cognitive enhancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario De Toma
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Ortega
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick Aloy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Proteomic Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
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15
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Rueda N, Flórez J, Dierssen M, Martínez-Cué C. Translational validity and implications of pharmacotherapies in preclinical models of Down syndrome. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 251:245-268. [PMID: 32057309 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are challenging to study in the laboratory, and despite a large investment, few novel treatments have been developed in the last decade. While animal models have been valuable in elucidating disease mechanisms and in providing insights into the function of specific genes, the predictive validity of preclinical models to test potential therapies has been questioned. In the last two decades, diverse new murine models of Down syndrome (DS) have been developed and numerous studies have demonstrated neurobiological alterations that could be responsible for the cognitive and behavioral phenotypes found in this syndrome. In many cases, similar alterations were found in murine models and in individuals with DS, although several phenotypes shown in animals have yet not been confirmed in the human condition. Some of the neurobiological alterations observed in mice have been proposed to account for their changes in cognition and behavior, and have received special attention because of being putative therapeutic targets. Those include increased oxidative stress, altered neurogenesis, overexpression of the Dyrk1A gene, GABA-mediated overinhibition and Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration. Subsequently, different laboratories have tested the efficacy of pharmacotherapies targeting these alterations. Unfortunately, animal models are limited in their ability to mimic the extremely complex process of human neurodevelopment and neuropathology. Therefore, the safety and efficacy identified in animal studies are not always translated to humans, and most of the drugs tested have not demonstrated any positive effect or very limited efficacy in clinical trials. Despite their limitations, though, animal trials give us extremely valuable information for developing and testing drugs for human use that cannot be obtained from molecular or cellular experiments alone. This chapter reviews some of these therapeutic approaches and discusses some reasons that could account for the discrepancy between the findings in mouse models of DS and in humans, including: (i) the incomplete resemble of the genetic alterations of available mouse models of DS and human trisomy 21, (ii) the lack of evidence that some of the phenotypic alterations found in mice (e.g., GABA-mediated overinhibition, and alterations in adult neurogenesis) are also present in DS individuals, and (iii) the inaccuracy and/or inadequacy of the methods used in clinical trials to detect changes in the cognitive and behavioral functions of people with DS. Despite the shortcomings of animal models, animal experimentation remains an invaluable tool in developing drugs. Thus, we will also discuss how to increase predictive validity of mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Flórez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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16
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Granno S, Nixon-Abell J, Berwick DC, Tosh J, Heaton G, Almudimeegh S, Nagda Z, Rain JC, Zanda M, Plagnol V, Tybulewicz VLJ, Cleverley K, Wiseman FK, Fisher EMC, Harvey K. Downregulated Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the Down syndrome hippocampus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7322. [PMID: 31086297 PMCID: PMC6513850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological mechanisms underlying Down syndrome (DS)/Trisomy 21, including dysregulation of essential signalling processes remain poorly understood. Combining bioinformatics with RNA and protein analysis, we identified downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the hippocampus of adult DS individuals with Alzheimer's disease and the 'Tc1' DS mouse model. Providing a potential underlying molecular pathway, we demonstrate that the chromosome 21 kinase DYRK1A regulates Wnt signalling via a novel bimodal mechanism. Under basal conditions, DYRK1A is a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin. Following pathway activation, however, DYRK1A exerts the opposite effect, increasing signalling activity. In summary, we identified downregulation of hippocampal Wnt/β-catenin signalling in DS, possibly mediated by a dose dependent effect of the chromosome 21-encoded kinase DYRK1A. Overall, we propose that dosage imbalance of the Hsa21 gene DYRK1A affects downstream Wnt target genes. Therefore, modulation of Wnt signalling may open unexplored avenues for DS and Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Granno
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Berwick
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- School of Health, Life and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK6 7AA, UK
| | - Justin Tosh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - George Heaton
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sultan Almudimeegh
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Zenisha Nagda
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jean-Christophe Rain
- Hybrigenics Services - Fondation Jérôme Lejeune, 3-5 Impasse Reille, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Zanda
- UCL Genetics Institute, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- UCL Genetics Institute, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, Kings Cross, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
- London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Frances K Wiseman
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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17
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Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Barone E, Arena A, Zuliani I, Mosca L, Blarzino C, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F. Intranasal rapamycin ameliorates Alzheimer-like cognitive decline in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:28. [PMID: 30410750 PMCID: PMC6218962 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Down syndrome (DS) individuals, by the age of 40s, are at increased risk to develop Alzheimer-like dementia, with deposition in brain of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Our laboratory recently demonstrated the disturbance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in DS brain, prior and after the development of Alzheimer Disease (AD). The aberrant modulation of the mTOR signalling in DS and AD age-related cognitive decline affects crucial neuronal pathways, including insulin signaling and autophagy, involved in pathology onset and progression. Within this context, the therapeutic use of mTOR-inhibitors may prevent/attenuate the neurodegenerative phenomena. By our work we aimed to rescue mTOR signalling in DS mice by a novel rapamycin intranasal administration protocol (InRapa) that maximizes brain delivery and reduce systemic side effects. Methods Ts65Dn mice were administered with InRapa for 12 weeks, starting at 6 months of age demonstrating, at the end of the treatment by radial arms maze and novel object recognition testing, rescued cognition. Results The analysis of mTOR signalling, after InRapa, demonstrated in Ts65Dn mice hippocampus the inhibition of mTOR (reduced to physiological levels), which led, through the rescue of autophagy and insulin signalling, to reduced APP levels, APP processing and APP metabolites production, as well as, to reduced tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, a reduction of oxidative stress markers was also observed. Discussion These findings demonstrate that chronic InRapa administration is able to exert a neuroprotective effect on Ts65Dn hippocampus by reducing AD pathological hallmarks and by restoring protein homeostasis, thus ultimately resulting in improved cognition. Results are discussed in term of a potential novel targeted therapeutic approach to reduce cognitive decline and AD-like neuropathology in DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.,2Universidad Autònoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de alud, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Arena
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zuliani
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Blarzino
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- 3Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055 USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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18
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Wiseman FK, Pulford LJ, Barkus C, Liao F, Portelius E, Webb R, Chávez-Gutiérrez L, Cleverley K, Noy S, Sheppard O, Collins T, Powell C, Sarell CJ, Rickman M, Choong X, Tosh JL, Siganporia C, Whittaker HT, Stewart F, Szaruga M, Murphy MP, Blennow K, de Strooper B, Zetterberg H, Bannerman D, Holtzman DM, Tybulewicz VLJ, Fisher EMC. Trisomy of human chromosome 21 enhances amyloid-β deposition independently of an extra copy of APP. Brain 2018; 141:2457-2474. [PMID: 29945247 PMCID: PMC6061702 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome, caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, is the single most common risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Worldwide approximately 6 million people have Down syndrome, and all these individuals will develop the hallmark amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease by the age of 40 and the vast majority will go on to develop dementia. Triplication of APP, a gene on chromosome 21, is sufficient to cause early-onset Alzheimer's disease in the absence of Down syndrome. However, whether triplication of other chromosome 21 genes influences disease pathogenesis in the context of Down syndrome is unclear. Here we show, in a mouse model, that triplication of chromosome 21 genes other than APP increases amyloid-β aggregation, deposition of amyloid-β plaques and worsens associated cognitive deficits. This indicates that triplication of chromosome 21 genes other than APP is likely to have an important role to play in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis in individuals who have Down syndrome. We go on to show that the effect of trisomy of chromosome 21 on amyloid-β aggregation correlates with an unexpected shift in soluble amyloid-β 40/42 ratio. This alteration in amyloid-β isoform ratio occurs independently of a change in the carboxypeptidase activity of the γ-secretase complex, which cleaves the peptide from APP, or the rate of extracellular clearance of amyloid-β. These new mechanistic insights into the role of triplication of genes on chromosome 21, other than APP, in the development of Alzheimer's disease in individuals who have Down syndrome may have implications for the treatment of this common cause of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances K Wiseman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- The LonDownS Consortium, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Laura J Pulford
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Chris Barkus
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Fan Liao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Robin Webb
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40507, USA
| | - Lucia Chávez-Gutiérrez
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB-Leuven 3000, Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Sue Noy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Olivia Sheppard
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Toby Collins
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Caroline Powell
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Claire J Sarell
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Matthew Rickman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Xun Choong
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Justin L Tosh
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Carlos Siganporia
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Heather T Whittaker
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Floy Stewart
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Maria Szaruga
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB-Leuven 3000, Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - London Down syndrome consortium
- The LonDownS Consortium, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40507, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Bart de Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB-Leuven 3000, Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, WC2B 4AN, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, WC2B 4AN, UK
| | - David Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- The LonDownS Consortium, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- The LonDownS Consortium, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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19
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Neumann F, Gourdain S, Albac C, Dekker AD, Bui LC, Dairou J, Schmitz-Afonso I, Hue N, Rodrigues-Lima F, Delabar JM, Potier MC, Le Caër JP, Touboul D, Delatour B, Cariou K, Dodd RH. DYRK1A inhibition and cognitive rescue in a Down syndrome mouse model are induced by new fluoro-DANDY derivatives. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2859. [PMID: 29434250 PMCID: PMC5809559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of DYRK1A kinase, produced by chromosome 21 and consequently overproduced in trisomy 21 subjects, has been suggested as a therapeutic approach to treating the cognitive deficiencies observed in Down syndrome (DS). We now report the synthesis and potent DYRK1A inhibitory activities of fluoro derivatives of 3,5-di(polyhydroxyaryl)-7-azaindoles (F-DANDYs). One of these compounds (3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine, 5a) was selected for in vivo studies of cognitive rescuing effects in a standard mouse model of DS (Ts65Dn line). Using the Morris water maze task, Ts65Dn mice treated i.p. with 20 mg/kg of 5a performed significantly better than Ts65Dn mice treated with placebo, confirming the promnesiant effect of 5a in the trisomic mice. Overall, these results demonstrate for the first time that selective and competitive inhibition of DYRK1A kinase by the F-DANDY derivative 5a may provide a viable treatment strategy for combating the memory and learning deficiencies encountered in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Neumann
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Gourdain
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christelle Albac
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unités de Recherche U75, U1127, U7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alain D Dekker
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unités de Recherche U75, U1127, U7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linh Chi Bui
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS UMR 8251, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75270, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nathalie Hue
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fernando Rodrigues-Lima
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS UMR 8251, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean M Delabar
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unités de Recherche U75, U1127, U7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unités de Recherche U75, U1127, U7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Le Caër
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Touboul
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoît Delatour
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unités de Recherche U75, U1127, U7225, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert H Dodd
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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20
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Naert G, Ferré V, Keller E, Slender A, Gibbins D, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ, Maurice T. In vivo and ex vivo analyses of amyloid toxicity in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:174-190. [PMID: 29215943 PMCID: PMC5815426 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117743484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is increased in people with Down syndrome. The pathology appears much earlier than in the general population, suggesting a predisposition to develop Alzheimer's disease. Down syndrome results from trisomy of human chromosome 21, leading to overexpression of possible Alzheimer's disease candidate genes, such as amyloid precursor protein gene. To better understand how the Down syndrome context results in increased vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease, we analysed amyloid-β [25-35] peptide toxicity in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome, in which ~75% of protein coding genes are functionally trisomic but, importantly, not amyloid precursor protein. RESULTS Intracerebroventricular injection of oligomeric amyloid-β [25-35] peptide in three-month-old wildtype mice induced learning deficits, oxidative stress, synaptic marker alterations, activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, inhibition of protein kinase B (AKT), and apoptotic pathways as compared to scrambled peptide-treated wildtype mice. Scrambled peptide-treated Tc1 mice presented high levels of toxicity markers as compared to wildtype mice. Amyloid-β [25-35] peptide injection in Tc1 mice induced significant learning deficits and enhanced glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity in the cortex and expression of apoptotic markers in the hippocampus and cortex. Interestingly, several markers, including oxidative stress, synaptic markers, glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity in the hippocampus and AKT activity in the hippocampus and cortex, were unaffected by amyloid-β [25-35] peptide injection in Tc1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Tc1 mice present several toxicity markers similar to those observed in amyloid-β [25-35] peptide-treated wildtype mice, suggesting that developmental modifications in these mice modify their response to amyloid peptide. However, amyloid toxicity led to severe memory deficits in this Down syndrome mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Naert
- INSERM U1198, Montpellier, France
- EPHE, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tangui Maurice
- INSERM U1198, Montpellier, France
- EPHE, Paris, France
- Tangui Maurice, INSERM U1198, University of Montpellier, CC105, Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34095, France.
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21
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Di Domenico F, Tramutola A, Foppoli C, Head E, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. mTOR in Down syndrome: Role in Aß and tau neuropathology and transition to Alzheimer disease-like dementia. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 114:94-101. [PMID: 28807816 PMCID: PMC5748251 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation, longevity and cytoskeletal formation. The mTOR pathway represents a key growth and survival pathway involved in several diseases such as cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies linked the alterations of mTOR pathway to age-dependent cognitive decline, pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and AD-like dementia in Down syndrome (DS). DS is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality that causes intellectual disability. The neuropathology of AD in DS is complex and involves impaired mitochondrial function, defects in neurogenesis, increased oxidative stress, altered proteostasis and autophagy networks as a result of triplication of chromosome 21(chr 21). The chr21 gene products are considered a principal neuropathogenic moiety in DS. Several genes involved respectively in the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), two main pathological hallmarks of AD, are mapped on chr21. Further, in subjects with DS the activation of mTOR signaling contributes to Aβ generation and the formation of NFT. This review discusses recent research highlighting the complex role of mTOR associated with the presence of two hallmarks of AD pathology, senile plaques (composed mostly of fibrillar Aß peptides), and NFT (composed mostly of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). Oxidative stress, associated with chr21-related Aβ and mitochondrial alterations, may significantly contribute to this linkage of mTOR to AD-like neuropathology in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Cesira Foppoli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
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22
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Huang W, Cheng P, Yu K, Han Y, Song M, Li Y. Hyperforin attenuates aluminum-induced Aβ production and Tau phosphorylation via regulating Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1-6. [PMID: 28961505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a neurotoxicant and cause β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Hyperforin (HF) is one of the major active constituents of the extracts of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), can treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other diseases involving peptide accumulation and cognition impairment. To determine the effects of HF on Al-induced Aβ formation and tau hyperphosphorylation, PC12 cells were cultured and treated with Al-malt (500μM) and/or HF (1μM). The results showed that HF treatment significantly attenuated Al-malt-induced Aβ1-42 production by reducing the expressions of APP, BACE1 and PS1, while increasing the expressions of sAPPα, ADAM9/10/17, and tau phosphorylation in PC12 cells. In addition, HF treatment also increased phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) and inhibited GSK-3β activity by increasing phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9). These results indicated that HF may exert the protection via regulating the AKT/GSK-3β signaling to reduce Aβ production and tau phosphorylation in PC12 cells. Furthermore, these results could lead a possible therapeutics for the management of Al neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kaiyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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23
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Ahmed MM, Block A, Tong S, Davisson MT, Gardiner KJ. Age exacerbates abnormal protein expression in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Neurobiol Aging 2017. [PMID: 28641136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Ts65Dn is a popular mouse model of Down syndrome (DS). It displays DS-relevant features of learning/memory deficits and age-related loss of functional markers in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Here we describe protein expression abnormalities in brain regions of 12-month-old male Ts65Dn mice. We show that the magnitudes of abnormalities of human chromosome 21 and non-human chromosome 21 orthologous proteins are greater at 12 months than at ∼6 months. Age-related exacerbations involve the number of components affected in the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, the levels of components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease. Among brain regions, the number of abnormalities in cerebellum decreased while the number in cortex greatly increased with age. The Ts65Dn is being used in preclinical evaluations of drugs for cognition in DS. Most commonly, drug evaluations are tested in ∼4- to 6-month-old mice. Data on age-related changes in magnitude and specificity of protein perturbations can be used to understand the molecular basis of changes in cognitive ability and to predict potential age-related specificities in drug efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Block
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Suhong Tong
- School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Katheleen J Gardiner
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Human Medical Genetics and Genomics, and Neuroscience Programs, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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24
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Cen L, Xiao Y, Wei L, Mo M, Chen X, Li S, Yang X, Huang Q, Qu S, Pei Z, Xu P. Association of DYRK1A polymorphisms with sporadic Parkinson's disease in Chinese Han population. Neurosci Lett 2016; 632:39-43. [PMID: 27546826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein plays important roles in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathologies. The dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) has a wide range of phosphorylation targets including α-synuclein. Posphorylated α-synuclein is more neurotoxic to dopamine (DA) neurons, but little is known about the genetic variation of DYRK1A in patients with PD. The present investigation aimed to explore the possible association of DYRK1A gene with PD in Chinese Han population. A total of 268 PD patients and 268 healthy-matched individuals in Chinese Han population were enrolled. Genotyping of rs8126696, rs2835740, and rs1137600 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were performed on the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Results revealed TT genotype in SNP rs8126696 denoted a significant difference between PD patients and controls (OR=1.710, 95% CI=1.116-2.619, P=0.014), and the frequency of rs8126696 TT genotype was significantly higher in male PD patients than male controls (OR=2.012, 95%CI: 1.125-3.599, p=0.018). The genotypes in rs2835740 and rs1137600 showed no significant difference between PD patients and controls. These results suggest that TT genotype derived from SNP rs8126696 of DYRK1A gene is a possible risk factor for sporadic PD, especially for males in this Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Yousheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xingling Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510900, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510120, China.
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25
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Powell NM, Modat M, Cardoso MJ, Ma D, Holmes HE, Yu Y, O’Callaghan J, Cleary JO, Sinclair B, Wiseman FK, Tybulewicz VLJ, Fisher EMC, Lythgoe MF, Ourselin S. Fully-Automated μMRI Morphometric Phenotyping of the Tc1 Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162974. [PMID: 27658297 PMCID: PMC5033246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a fully automated pipeline for the morphometric phenotyping of mouse brains from μMRI data, and show its application to the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome, to identify new morphological phenotypes in the brain of this first transchromosomic animal carrying human chromosome 21. We incorporate an accessible approach for simultaneously scanning multiple ex vivo brains, requiring only a 3D-printed brain holder, and novel image processing steps for their separation and orientation. We employ clinically established multi-atlas techniques–superior to single-atlas methods–together with publicly-available atlas databases for automatic skull-stripping and tissue segmentation, providing high-quality, subject-specific tissue maps. We follow these steps with group-wise registration, structural parcellation and both Voxel- and Tensor-Based Morphometry–advantageous for their ability to highlight morphological differences without the laborious delineation of regions of interest. We show the application of freely available open-source software developed for clinical MRI analysis to mouse brain data: NiftySeg for segmentation and NiftyReg for registration, and discuss atlases and parameters suitable for the preclinical paradigm. We used this pipeline to compare 29 Tc1 brains with 26 wild-type littermate controls, imaged ex vivo at 9.4T. We show an unexpected increase in Tc1 total intracranial volume and, controlling for this, local volume and grey matter density reductions in the Tc1 brain compared to the wild-types, most prominently in the cerebellum, in agreement with human DS and previous histological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick M. Powell
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, 3rd Floor, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Marc Modat
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, 3rd Floor, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - M. Jorge Cardoso
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, 3rd Floor, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Da Ma
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, 3rd Floor, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Holly E. Holmes
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Yichao Yu
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - James O’Callaghan
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jon O. Cleary
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben Sinclair
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Frances K. Wiseman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Victor L. J. Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
- Imperial College, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Ourselin
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, 3rd Floor, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, United Kingdom
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26
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Créau N, Cabet E, Daubigney F, Souchet B, Bennaï S, Delabar J. Specific age-related molecular alterations in the cerebellum of Down syndrome mouse models. Brain Res 2016; 1646:342-353. [PMID: 27297494 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, has been modeled with various trisomic and transgenic mice to help understand the consequences of an altered gene dosage in brain development and function. Though Down syndrome has been associated with premature aging, little is known about the molecular and cellular alterations that target brain function. To help identify alterations at specific ages, we analyzed the cerebellum of Ts1Cje mice, trisomic for 77 HSA21 orthologs, at three ages-young (4 months), middle-age (12 months), and old (17 months)-compared to age-matched controls. Quantification of neuronal and glial markers (n=11) revealed increases in GFAP, with an age effect, and S100B, with age and genotype effects. The genotype effect on S100B with age was unexpected as Ts1Cje has only two copies of the S100b gene. Interestingly, the different increase in GFAP observed between Ts1Cje (trisomic segment includes Pcp4 gene) and controls was magnified in TgPCP4 mice (1 extra copy of the human PCP4 gene) at the same age. S100B increase was not found in the TgPCP4 confirming a difference of regulation with aging for GFAP and S100B and excluding the calcium signaling regulator, Pcp4, as a potential candidate for increase of S100B in the Ts1Cje. To understand these differences, comparison of GFAP and S100B immunostainings at young and middle-age were performed. Immunohistochemical detection of differences in GFAP and S100B localization with aging implicate S100B+ oligodendrocytes as a new phenotypic target in this specific aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Créau
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Eva Cabet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Daubigney
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Souchet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Bennaï
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Delabar
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
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Naert G, Ferré V, Meunier J, Keller E, Malmström S, Givalois L, Carreaux F, Bazureau JP, Maurice T. Leucettine L41, a DYRK1A-preferential DYRKs/CLKs inhibitor, prevents memory impairments and neurotoxicity induced by oligomeric Aβ25-35 peptide administration in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:2170-82. [PMID: 26381812 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) and cdc2-like kinases (CLKs) are implicated in the onset and progression of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). DYRK1A has emerged as a possible link between amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau, the major pathological proteins in AD. We here assessed the neuroprotective potential of a novel inhibitor of DYRKs/CLKs. The Leucettine L41, acting preferentially on DYRK1A, was tested in Aβ25-35-treated mice, a nontransgenic model of AD-like toxicity. We co-injected intracerebroventricularly oligomeric Aβ25-35 peptide and L41 in Swiss male mice. After 7 days, they were submitted to behavioral tests addressing spatial and non-spatial, short- and long-term memories. The oxidative stress, apoptotic markers, kinases involved in Tau phosphorylation, and synaptic integrity were analyzed by Western blot and ELISA in the hippocampus. L41, tested at 0.4, 1.2, 4 µg, prevented the Aβ25-35-induced memory deficits in the Y-maze, passive avoidance and water-maze tests, with the most active dose being 4 µg. The inhibitor prevented the Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress, as revealed by measures of lipid peroxidation levels and reactive oxygen species accumulation, and abolished Aβ25-35-induced expression of pro-apoptotic markers. L41 prevented the Aβ25-35-induced decrease of AKT activation and increase of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation, resulting in a decrease of Tau phosphorylation. Finally, L41 restored Aβ25-35-reduced levels of synaptic markers. The novel DYRK1A-preferential inhibitor L41 therefore prevented Aβ25-35-induced memory impairments and neurotoxicity in the mouse hippocampus. These in vivo data highlighted particularly DYRK1A as a major kinase involved in Aβ pathology and suggested therapeutic developments for DYRK1A inhibitors in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Naert
- Université Montpellier, INSERM U. 1198, place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 34095, France; Amylgen, 2196, boulevard de la Lironde, Montferrier-sur-Lez 34980, France
| | - Valentine Ferré
- Université Montpellier, INSERM U. 1198, place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 34095, France
| | - Johann Meunier
- Université Montpellier, INSERM U. 1198, place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 34095, France; Amylgen, 2196, boulevard de la Lironde, Montferrier-sur-Lez 34980, France
| | - Emeline Keller
- Université Montpellier, INSERM U. 1198, place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 34095, France; Amylgen, 2196, boulevard de la Lironde, Montferrier-sur-Lez 34980, France
| | - Susanna Malmström
- Université Montpellier, INSERM U. 1198, place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 34095, France; Amylgen, 2196, boulevard de la Lironde, Montferrier-sur-Lez 34980, France
| | - Laurent Givalois
- Université Montpellier, INSERM U. 1198, place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 34095, France
| | - François Carreaux
- Université Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, Bat. 10A, 10C, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes Cedex 35042, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bazureau
- Université Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, Bat. 10A, 10C, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes Cedex 35042, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- Université Montpellier, INSERM U. 1198, place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5 34095, France; Amylgen, 2196, boulevard de la Lironde, Montferrier-sur-Lez 34980, France.
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28
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Choong XY, Tosh JL, Pulford LJ, Fisher EMC. Dissecting Alzheimer disease in Down syndrome using mouse models. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:268. [PMID: 26528151 PMCID: PMC4602094 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic condition caused by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). This greatly increases the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD), but although virtually all people with DS have AD neuropathology by 40 years of age, not all develop dementia. To dissect the genetic contribution of trisomy 21 to DS phenotypes including those relevant to AD, a range of DS mouse models has been generated which are trisomic for chromosome segments syntenic to human chromosome 21. Here, we consider key characteristics of human AD in DS (AD-DS), and our current state of knowledge on related phenotypes in AD and DS mouse models. We go on to review important features needed in future models of AD-DS, to understand this type of dementia and so highlight pathogenic mechanisms relevant to all populations at risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yu Choong
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK ; The LonDownS Consortium London, UK
| | - Justin L Tosh
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK ; The LonDownS Consortium London, UK
| | - Laura J Pulford
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK ; The LonDownS Consortium London, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK ; The LonDownS Consortium London, UK
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29
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Janel N, Sarazin M, Corlier F, Corne H, de Souza LC, Hamelin L, Aka A, Lagarde J, Blehaut H, Hindié V, Rain JC, Arbones ML, Dubois B, Potier MC, Bottlaender M, Delabar JM. Plasma DYRK1A as a novel risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e425. [PMID: 25116835 PMCID: PMC4150238 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether apparent involvement of DYRK1A in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology makes it a candidate plasma biomarker for diagnosis, we developed a method to quantify plasma DYRK1A by immunoblot in transgenic mouse models having different gene dosages of Dyrk1a, and, consequently, different relative protein expression. Then, we measured plasma DYRK1A levels in 26 patients with biologically confirmed AD and 25 controls (negative amyloid imaging available on 13). DYRK1A was detected in transgenic mouse brain and plasma samples, and relative levels of DYRK1A correlated with the gene copy number. In plasma from AD patients, DYRK1A levels were significantly lower compared with controls (P<0.0001). Results were similar when we compared AD patients with the subgroup of controls confirmed by negative amyloid imaging. In a subgroup of patients with early AD (CDR=0.5), lower DYRK1A expression was confirmed. In contrast, no difference was found in levels of DYRK1B, the closest relative of DYRK1A, between AD patients and controls. Further, AD patients exhibited a positive correlation between plasma DYRK1A levels and cerebrospinal fluid tau and phosphorylated-tau proteins, but no correlation with amyloid-β42 levels and Pittsburgh compound B cortical binding. DYRK1A levels detected in lymphoblastoid cell lines from AD patients were also lower when compared with cells from age-matched controls. These findings suggest that reduced DYRK1A expression might be a novel plasma risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Janel
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - M Sarazin
- Department of Neurology, Neurology of Memory and Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - F Corlier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Institute (MB, LCdS, BD, MS), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - H Corne
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Institute (MB, LCdS, BD, MS), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
| | - L C de Souza
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Institute (MB, LCdS, BD, MS), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - L Hamelin
- Department of Neurology, Neurology of Memory and Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - A Aka
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - J Lagarde
- Department of Neurology, Neurology of Memory and Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - H Blehaut
- Fondation Jérome Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - V Hindié
- HYBRIGENICS Services SAS, Paris, France
| | - J-C Rain
- HYBRIGENICS Services SAS, Paris, France
| | - M L Arbones
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Dubois
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Institute (MB, LCdS, BD, MS), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
| | - M C Potier
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
| | - M Bottlaender
- CEA (MB), DSV, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - J M Delabar
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
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Perluigi M, Pupo G, Tramutola A, Cini C, Coccia R, Barone E, Head E, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F. Neuropathological role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in Down syndrome brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1144-53. [PMID: 24735980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability characterized by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21 (Chr21). Individuals with DS have sufficient neuropathology for a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) after the age of 40years. The aim of our study is to gain new insights in the molecular mechanisms impaired in DS subjects that eventually lead to the development of dementia. We evaluate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in the frontal cortex from DS cases (under the age of 40years) and DS with AD neuropathology compared with age-matched controls (Young and Old). The PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis may control several key pathways involved in AD that, if aberrantly regulated, affect amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and tau phosphorylation. Our results show a hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in individuals with DS, with and without AD pathology, in comparison with respective controls. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR deregulation results in decreased autophagy, inhibition of IRS1 and GSK3β activity. Moreover, our data suggest that aberrant activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis acts in parallel to RCAN1 in phosphorylating tau, in DS and DS/AD. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the neuropathological mechanisms that may be engaged during the development of AD in DS. We suggest that deregulation of this signaling cascade is already evident in young DS cases and persist in the presence of AD pathology. The impairment of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in DS population might represent a key-contributing factor to the neurodegenerative process that culminates in Alzheimer-like dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Pupo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Coccia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA; Department of Chemistry and Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Gourdain S, Dairou J, Denhez C, Bui LC, Rodrigues-Lima F, Janel N, Delabar JM, Cariou K, Dodd RH. Development of DANDYs, new 3,5-diaryl-7-azaindoles demonstrating potent DYRK1A kinase inhibitory activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9569-85. [PMID: 24188002 DOI: 10.1021/jm401049v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3,5-diaryl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of DYRKIA kinase in vitro. Derivatives having hydroxy groups on the aryl moieties (2c, 2j-l) demonstrated high inhibitory potencies with Kis in the low nanomolar range. Their methoxy analogues were up to 100 times less active. Docking studies at the ATP binding site suggested that these compounds bind tightly to this site via a network of multiple H-bonds with the peptide backbone. None of the active compounds were cytotoxic to KB cells at 10(-6) M. Kinase profiling revealed that compound 2j showed 2-fold selectivity for DYRK1A with respect to DYRK2 and DYRK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Gourdain
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre de Recherche de Gif, UPR 2301, CNRS , Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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32
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Noble W, Hanger DP, Miller CCJ, Lovestone S. The importance of tau phosphorylation for neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurol 2013; 4:83. [PMID: 23847585 PMCID: PMC3696910 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar deposits of highly phosphorylated tau are a key pathological feature of several neurodegenerative tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and some frontotemporal dementias. Increasing evidence suggests that the presence of these end-stage neurofibrillary lesions do not cause neuronal loss, but rather that alterations to soluble tau proteins induce neurodegeneration. In particular, aberrant tau phosphorylation is acknowledged to be a key disease process, influencing tau structure, distribution, and function in neurons. Although typically described as a cytosolic protein that associates with microtubules and regulates axonal transport, several additional functions of tau have recently been demonstrated, including roles in DNA stabilization, and synaptic function. Most recently, studies examining the trans-synaptic spread of tau pathology in disease models have suggested a potential role for extracellular tau in cell signaling pathways intrinsic to neurodegeneration. Here we review the evidence showing that tau phosphorylation plays a key role in neurodegenerative tauopathies. We also comment on the tractability of altering phosphorylation-dependent tau functions for therapeutic intervention in AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Noble
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry , London , UK
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33
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Massively parallel sequencing reveals the complex structure of an irradiated human chromosome on a mouse background in the Tc1 model of Down syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60482. [PMID: 23596509 PMCID: PMC3626651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and presents a complex phenotype that arises from abnormal dosage of genes on this chromosome. However, the individual dosage-sensitive genes underlying each phenotype remain largely unknown. To help dissect genotype – phenotype correlations in this complex syndrome, the first fully transchromosomic mouse model, the Tc1 mouse, which carries a copy of human chromosome 21 was produced in 2005. The Tc1 strain is trisomic for the majority of genes that cause phenotypes associated with DS, and this freely available mouse strain has become used widely to study DS, the effects of gene dosage abnormalities, and the effect on the basic biology of cells when a mouse carries a freely segregating human chromosome. Tc1 mice were created by a process that included irradiation microcell-mediated chromosome transfer of Hsa21 into recipient mouse embryonic stem cells. Here, the combination of next generation sequencing, array-CGH and fluorescence in situ hybridization technologies has enabled us to identify unsuspected rearrangements of Hsa21 in this mouse model; revealing one deletion, six duplications and more than 25 de novo structural rearrangements. Our study is not only essential for informing functional studies of the Tc1 mouse but also (1) presents for the first time a detailed sequence analysis of the effects of gamma radiation on an entire human chromosome, which gives some mechanistic insight into the effects of radiation damage on DNA, and (2) overcomes specific technical difficulties of assaying a human chromosome on a mouse background where highly conserved sequences may confound the analysis. Sequence data generated in this study is deposited in the ENA database, Study Accession number: ERP000439.
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34
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Ahmed MM, Dhanasekaran AR, Tong S, Wiseman FK, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ, Gardiner KJ. Protein profiles in Tc1 mice implicate novel pathway perturbations in the Down syndrome brain. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1709-24. [PMID: 23349361 PMCID: PMC3613160 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) is functionally trisomic for ∼120 human chromosome 21 (HSA21) classical protein-coding genes. Tc1 mice display features relevant to the DS phenotype, including abnormalities in learning and memory and synaptic plasticity. To determine the molecular basis for the phenotypic features, the levels of 90 phosphorylation-specific and phosphorylation-independent proteins were measured by Reverse Phase Protein Arrays in hippocampus and cortex, and 64 in cerebellum, of Tc1 mice and littermate controls. Abnormal levels of proteins involved in MAP kinase, mTOR, GSK3B and neuregulin signaling were identified in trisomic mice. In addition, altered correlations among the levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits and the HSA21 proteins amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (APP) and TIAM1, and between immediate early gene (IEG) proteins and the HSA21 protein superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) were found in the hippocampus of Tc1 mice, suggesting altered stoichiometry among these sets of functionally interacting proteins. Protein abnormalities in Tc1 mice were compared with the results of a similar analysis of Ts65Dn mice, a DS mouse model that is trisomic for orthologs of 50 genes trisomic in the Tc1 plus an additional 38 HSA21 orthologs. While there are similarities, abnormalities unique to the Tc1 include increased levels of the S100B calcium-binding protein, mTOR proteins RAPTOR and P70S6, the AMP-kinase catalytic subunit AMPKA, the IEG proteins FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (CFOS) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC), and the neuregulin 1 receptor ERBB4. These data identify novel perturbations, relevant to neurological function and to some seen in Alzheimer's disease, that may occur in the DS brain, potentially contributing to phenotypic features and influencing drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahiuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Spellman C, Ahmed MM, Dubach D, Gardiner KJ. Expression of trisomic proteins in Down syndrome model systems. Gene 2012; 512:219-25. [PMID: 23103828 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic aberration leading to intellectual disability. DS results from an extra copy of the long arm of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) and the increased expression of trisomic genes due to gene dosage. While expression in DS and DS models has been studied extensively at the RNA level, much less is known about expression of trisomic genes at the protein level. We have used quantitative Western blotting with antibodies to 20 proteins encoded by HSA21 to assess trisomic protein expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from patients with DS and in brains from two mouse models of DS. These antibodies have recently become available and the 20 proteins largely have not been investigated previously for their potential contributions to the phenotypic features of DS. Twelve proteins had detectable expression in LCLs and three, CCT8, MX1 and PWP2, showed elevated levels in LCLs derived from patients with DS compared with controls. Antibodies against 15 proteins detected bands of appropriate sizes in lysates from mouse brain cortex. Genes for 12 of these proteins are trisomic in the Tc1 mouse model of DS, but only SIM2 and ZNF295 showed elevated expression in Tc1 cortex when compared with controls. Genes for eight of the 15 proteins are trisomic in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS, but only ZNF294 was over expressed in cortex. Comparison of trisomic gene expression at the protein level with previous reports at the mRNA level showed many inconsistencies. These may be caused by natural inter-individual variability, differences in the age of mice analyzed, or post-transcriptional regulation of gene dosage effects. These antibodies provide resources for further investigation of the molecular basis of intellectual disability in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Spellman
- Department of Pediatrics, Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Mail Stop 8608, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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36
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Grizenkova J, Akhtar S, Hummerich H, Tomlinson A, Asante EA, Wenborn A, Fizet J, Poulter M, Wiseman FK, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ, Brandner S, Collinge J, Lloyd SE. Overexpression of the Hspa13 (Stch) gene reduces prion disease incubation time in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:13722-7. [PMID: 22869728 PMCID: PMC3427081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208917109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie in animals and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. They are characterized by long incubation periods, variation in which is determined by many factors including genetic background. In some cases it is possible that incubation time may be directly correlated to the level of gene expression. To test this hypothesis, we combined incubation time data from five different inbred lines of mice with quantitative gene expression profiling in normal brains and identified five genes with expression levels that correlate with incubation time. One of these genes, Hspa13 (Stch), is a member of the Hsp70 family of ATPase heat shock proteins, which have been previously implicated in prion propagation. To test whether Hspa13 plays a causal role in determining the incubation period, we tested two overexpressing mouse models. The Tc1 human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) transchromosomic mouse model of Down syndrome is trisomic for many Hsa21 genes including Hspa13 and following Chandler/Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) prion inoculation, shows a 4% reduction in incubation time. Furthermore, a transgenic model with eightfold overexpression of mouse Hspa13 exhibited highly significant reductions in incubation time of 16, 15, and 7% following infection with Chandler/RML, ME7, and MRC2 prion strains, respectively. These data further implicate Hsp70-like molecular chaperones in protein misfolding disorders such as prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Grizenkova
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit and
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Shaheen Akhtar
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit and
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Holger Hummerich
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit and
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andrew Tomlinson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit and
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Emmanuel A. Asante
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit and
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Adam Wenborn
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit and
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jérémie Fizet
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit and
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mark Poulter
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit and
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Frances K. Wiseman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Victor L. J. Tybulewicz
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - John Collinge
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit and
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah E. Lloyd
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit and
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; and
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Induced pluripotent stem cells to model and treat neurogenetic disorders. Neural Plast 2012; 2012:346053. [PMID: 22888453 PMCID: PMC3409544 DOI: 10.1155/2012/346053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable advances in cellular reprogramming have made it possible to generate pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, such as fibroblasts obtained from human skin biopsies. As a result, human diseases can now be investigated in relevant cell populations derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of patients. The rapid growth of iPSC technology has turned these cells into multipurpose basic and clinical research tools. In this paper, we highlight the roles of iPSC technology that are helping us to understand and potentially treat neurological diseases. Recent studies using iPSCs to model various neurogenetic disorders are summarized, and we discuss the therapeutic implications of iPSCs, including drug screening and cell therapy for neurogenetic disorders. Although iPSCs have been used in animal models with promising results to treat neurogenetic disorders, there are still many issues associated with reprogramming that must be addressed before iPSC technology can be fully exploited with translation to the clinic.
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Molecular and cellular alterations in Down syndrome: toward the identification of targets for therapeutics. Neural Plast 2012; 2012:171639. [PMID: 22848846 PMCID: PMC3403492 DOI: 10.1155/2012/171639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is a complex disease that has challenged molecular and cellular research for more than 50 years. Understanding the molecular bases of morphological, cellular, and functional alterations resulting from the presence of an additional complete chromosome 21 would aid in targeting specific genes and pathways for rescuing some phenotypes. Recently, progress has been made by characterization of brain alterations in mouse models of Down syndrome. This review will highlight the main molecular and cellular findings recently described for these models, particularly with respect to their relationship to Down syndrome phenotypes.
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39
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Gotti S, Caricati E, Panzica G. Alterations of brain circuits in Down syndrome murine models. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 42:317-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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