1
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Audrain M, Egesipe AL, Tentillier N, Font L, Ratnam M, Mottier L, Clavel M, Le Roux-Bourdieu M, Fenyi A, Ollier R, Chevalier E, Guilhot F, Fuchs A, Piorkowska K, Carlyle B, Arnold SE, Berry JD, Luthi-Carter R, Adolfsson O, Pfeifer A, Kosco-Vilbois M, Seredenina T, Afroz T. Targeting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by neutralizing seeding-competent TDP-43 in CSF. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad306. [PMID: 38025276 PMCID: PMC10644982 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease driven by abnormal transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa aggregation, CSF may contain pathological species of transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa contributing to the propagation of pathology and neuronal toxicity. These species, released in part by degenerating neurons, would act as a template for the aggregation of physiological protein contributing to the spread of pathology in the brain and spinal cord. In this study, a robust seed amplification assay was established to assess the presence of seeding-competent transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa species in CSF of apparently sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. These samples resulted in a significant acceleration of substrate aggregation differentiating the kinetics from healthy controls. In parallel, a second assay was developed to determine the level of target engagement that would be necessary to neutralize such species in human CSF by a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa. For this, evaluation of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic effect for the monoclonal antibody, ACI-5891.9, in vivo and in vitro confirmed that a CSF concentration of ≍1100 ng/mL would be sufficient for sustained target saturation. Using this concentration in the seed amplification assay, ACI-5891.9 was able to neutralize the transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa pathogenic seeds derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient CSF. This translational work adds to the evidence of transmission of transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa pathology via CSF that could contribute to the non-contiguous pattern of clinical manifestations observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and demonstrates the ability of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody to neutralize the toxic, extracellular seeding-competent transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa species in the CSF of apparently sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laure Font
- Research, AC Immune SA, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexis Fenyi
- Research, AC Immune SA, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Aline Fuchs
- Research, AC Immune SA, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Becky Carlyle
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Neurology and the Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - James D Berry
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS & the Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tariq Afroz
- Research, AC Immune SA, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Smith R, Capotosti F, Schain M, Ohlsson T, Vokali E, Molette J, Touilloux T, Hliva V, Dimitrakopoulos IK, Puschmann A, Jögi J, Svenningsson P, Andréasson M, Sandiego C, Russell DS, Miranda-Azpiazu P, Halldin C, Stomrud E, Hall S, Bratteby K, Tampio L'Estrade E, Luthi-Carter R, Pfeifer A, Kosco-Vilbois M, Streffer J, Hansson O. The α-synuclein PET tracer [18F] ACI-12589 distinguishes multiple system atrophy from other neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6750. [PMID: 37891183 PMCID: PMC10611796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A positron emission tomography (PET) tracer detecting α-synuclein pathology will improve the diagnosis, and ultimately the treatment of α-synuclein-related diseases. Here we show that the PET ligand, [18F]ACI-12589, displays good in vitro affinity and specificity for pathological α-synuclein in tissues from patients with different α-synuclein-related disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Multiple-System Atrophy (MSA) using autoradiography and radiobinding techniques. In the initial clinical evaluation we include 23 participants with α-synuclein related disorders, 11 with other neurodegenerative disorders and eight controls. In vivo [18F]ACI-12589 demonstrates clear binding in the cerebellar white matter and middle cerebellar peduncles of MSA patients, regions known to be highly affected by α-synuclein pathology, but shows limited binding in PD. The binding statistically separates MSA patients from healthy controls and subjects with other neurodegenerative disorders, including other synucleinopathies. Our results indicate that α-synuclein pathology in MSA can be identified using [18F]ACI-12589 PET imaging, potentially improving the diagnostic work-up of MSA and allowing for detection of drug target engagement in vivo of novel α-synuclein targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Smith
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Schain
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skånes University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Efthymia Vokali
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Molette
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Touilloux
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Hliva
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Puschmann
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- SciLifeLab National Research Infrastructure, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Jögi
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Andréasson
- Department of Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Christer Halldin
- Clinical Neuroscience, PET Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Hall
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Klas Bratteby
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skånes University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ruth Luthi-Carter
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Johannes Streffer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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3
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Overk C, Fiorini E, Babolin C, Vukicevic M, Morici C, Madani R, Eligert V, Kosco-Vilbois M, Roberts A, Becker A, Pfeifer A, Mobley WC. Modeling Alzheimer's disease related phenotypes in the Ts65Dn mouse: impact of age on Aβ, Tau, pTau, NfL, and behavior. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1202208. [PMID: 37449271 PMCID: PMC10336548 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1202208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction People with DS are highly predisposed to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and demonstrate very similar clinical and pathological features. Ts65Dn mice are widely used and serve as the best-characterized animal model of DS. Methods We undertook studies to characterize age-related changes for AD-relevant markers linked to Aβ, Tau, and phospho-Tau, axonal structure, inflammation, and behavior. Results We found age related changes in both Ts65Dn and 2N mice. Relative to 2N mice, Ts65Dn mice showed consistent increases in Aβ40, insoluble phospho-Tau, and neurofilament light protein. These changes were correlated with deficits in learning and memory. Discussion These data have implications for planning future experiments aimed at preventing disease-related phenotypes and biomarkers. Interventions should be planned to address specific manifestations using treatments and treatment durations adequate to engage targets to prevent the emergence of phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ann Becker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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4
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Nehl D, Goody PR, Maus K, Pfeifer A, Aikawa E, Bakthiary F, Zimmer S, Nickenig G, Jansen F, Hosen MR. Human and porcine aortic valve endothelial and interstitial cell isolation and characterization. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1151028. [PMID: 37408661 PMCID: PMC10318150 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1151028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calcific aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is defined by pathological changes in the aortic valve (AV) and their predominant cell types: valvular interstitial (VICs) and endothelial cells (VECs). Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this disease is a prerequisite to identify potential pharmacological treatment strategies. In this study, we present a unique aortic valve cell isolation technique to acquire specific human and porcine cell populations and compared VICs and VECs of these species with each other for the first time. Methods AV cells were isolated from tissue obtained from human patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or from porcine hearts. Functional analysis and in vitro experiments revealed that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) can be induced in hVECs, leading to a significant increase in mesenchymal markers. In vitro calcification experiments of VICs demonstrated pronounced expression of calcification markers and visible calcific deposits in Alizarin Red staining in both species after incubation with pro-calcific media. Results Cells isolated from patient-derived AVs showed mesenchymal and endothelial-specific gene signatures (VIC and VEC, respectively). For instance, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and platelet endothelial adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1) were upregulated in VECs, while the myofibroblastic markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin (VIM) were downregulated in VECs compared to VICs. Analysis of cell function by migration revealed that VECs are more migratory than VICs. Induction of EndMT in vitro in VECs displayed increased expression of EndMT markers and decreased expression of endothelial markers, confirming their mesenchymal transdifferentiation ability. In vitro calcification of VICs revealed upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), a hallmark of calcification. In addition, other calcification-related genes such as osteocalcin (BGLAP) and runt-related factor 2 (RUNX2) were upregulated. Alizarin red staining of calcified cells provided a further layer of confirmation that the isolated cells were VICs with osteoblastic differentiation capacity. Conclusion This study aims to take a first step towards standardizing a reproducible isolation technique for specific human and porcine VEC and VIC populations. A comparison of human and porcine aortic valve cells demonstrated that porcine cells may serve as an alternative cellular model system in settings where human tissue is difficult to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Nehl
- Heart Center Bonn, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - P. R. Goody
- Heart Center Bonn, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Maus
- Heart Center Bonn, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E. Aikawa
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - F. Bakthiary
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Zimmer
- Heart Center Bonn, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G. Nickenig
- Heart Center Bonn, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Jansen
- Heart Center Bonn, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. R. Hosen
- Heart Center Bonn, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Afroz T, Chevalier E, Audrain M, Dumayne C, Ziehm T, Moser R, Egesipe AL, Mottier L, Ratnam M, Neumann M, Havas D, Ollier R, Piorkowska K, Chauhan M, Silva AB, Thapa S, Stöhr J, Bavdek A, Eligert V, Adolfsson O, Nelson PT, Porta S, Lee VMY, Pfeifer A, Kosco-Vilbois M, Seredenina T. Immunotherapy targeting the C-terminal domain of TDP-43 decreases neuropathology and confers neuroprotection in mouse models of ALS/FTD. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106050. [PMID: 36809847 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective therapies are urgently needed to safely target TDP-43 pathology as it is closely associated with the onset and development of devastating diseases such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition, TDP-43 pathology is present as a co-pathology in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Our approach is to develop a TDP-43-specific immunotherapy that exploits Fc gamma-mediated removal mechanisms to limit neuronal damage while maintaining physiological TDP-43 function. Thus, using both in vitro mechanistic studies in conjunction with the rNLS8 and CamKIIa inoculation mouse models of TDP-43 proteinopathy, we identified the key targeting domain in TDP-43 to accomplish these therapeutic objectives. Targeting the C-terminal domain of TDP-43 but not the RNA recognition motifs (RRM) reduces TDP-43 pathology and avoids neuronal loss in vivo. We demonstrate that this rescue is dependent on Fc receptor-mediated immune complex uptake by microglia. Furthermore, monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment enhances phagocytic capacity of ALS patient-derived microglia, providing a mechanism to restore the compromised phagocytic function in ALS and FTD patients. Importantly, these beneficial effects are achieved while preserving physiological TDP-43 activity. Our findings demonstrate that a mAb targeting the C-terminal domain of TDP-43 limits pathology and neurotoxicity, enabling clearance of misfolded TDP-43 through microglia engagement, and supporting the clinical strategy to target TDP-43 by immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: TDP-43 pathology is associated with various devastating neurodegenerative disorders with high unmet medical needs such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, safely and effectively targeting pathological TDP-43 represents a key paradigm for biotechnical research as currently there is little in clinical development. After years of research, we have determined that targeting the C-terminal domain of TDP-43 rescues multiple patho-mechanisms involved in disease progression in two animal models of FTD/ALS. In parallel, importantly, our studies establish that this approach does not alter the physiological functions of this ubiquitously expressed and indispensable protein. Together, our findings substantially contribute to the understanding of TDP-43 pathobiology and support the prioritization for clinical testing of immunotherapy approaches targeting TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuela Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sílvia Porta
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Ollier R, Fuchs A, Gauye F, Piorkowska K, Menant S, Ratnam M, Montanari P, Guilhot F, Phillipe D, Audrain M, Egesipe AL, Névoltris D, Seredenina T, Pfeifer A, Kosco-Vilbois M, Afroz T. Improved antibody pharmacokinetics by disruption of contiguous positive surface potential and charge reduction using alternate human framework. MAbs 2023; 15:2232087. [PMID: 37408314 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2232087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are essential to achieve the desired pharmacological benefits in patients. To accomplish this, we followed an approach comprising structure-based mAb charge engineering in conjunction with the use of relevant preclinical models to screen and select humanized candidates with PK suitable for clinical development. Murine mAb targeting TDP-43, ACI-5891, was humanized on a framework (VH1-3/VK2-30) selected based on the highest sequence homology. Since the initial humanized mAb (ACI-5891.1) presented a fast clearance in non-human primates (NHPs), reiteration of humanization on a less basic human framework (VH1-69-2/VK2-28) while retaining high sequence homology was performed. The resulting humanized variant, ACI-5891.9, presented a six-fold reduction in clearance in NHPs resulting in a significant increase in half-life. The observed reduced clearance of ACI-5891.9 was attributed not only to the overall reduction in isoelectric point (pI) by 2 units, but importantly to a more even surface potential. These data confirm the importance and contribution of surface charges to mAb disposition in vivo. Consistent low clearance of ACI-5891.9 in Tg32 mice, a human FcRn transgenic mouse model, further confirmed its utility for early assessment and prediction of human PK. These data demonstrate that mAb surface charge is an important parameter for consideration during the selection and screening of humanized candidates in addition to maintaining the other key physiochemical and target binding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Fuchs
- Research, AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tariq Afroz
- Research, AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Rudan Njavro J, Vukicevic M, Fiorini E, Dinkel L, Müller SA, Berghofer A, Bordier C, Kozlov S, Halle A, Buschmann K, Capell A, Giudici C, Willem M, Feederle R, Lichtenthaler SF, Babolin C, Montanari P, Pfeifer A, Kosco-Vilbois M, Tahirovic S. Beneficial Effect of ACI-24 Vaccination on Aβ Plaque Pathology and Microglial Phenotypes in an Amyloidosis Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010079. [PMID: 36611872 PMCID: PMC9818422 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition is an initiating factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia are the brain immune cells that surround and phagocytose Aβ plaques, but their phagocytic capacity declines in AD. This is in agreement with studies that associate AD risk loci with genes regulating the phagocytic function of immune cells. Immunotherapies are currently pursued as strategies against AD and there are increased efforts to understand the role of the immune system in ameliorating AD pathology. Here, we evaluated the effect of the Aβ targeting ACI-24 vaccine in reducing AD pathology in an amyloidosis mouse model. ACI-24 vaccination elicited a robust and sustained antibody response in APPPS1 mice with an accompanying reduction of Aβ plaque load, Aβ plaque-associated ApoE and dystrophic neurites as compared to non-vaccinated controls. Furthermore, an increased number of NLRP3-positive plaque-associated microglia was observed following ACI-24 vaccination. In contrast to this local microglial activation at Aβ plaques, we observed a more ramified morphology of Aβ plaque-distant microglia compared to non-vaccinated controls. Accordingly, bulk transcriptomic analysis revealed a trend towards the reduced expression of several disease-associated microglia (DAM) signatures that is in line with the reduced Aβ plaque load triggered by ACI-24 vaccination. Our study demonstrates that administration of the Aβ targeting vaccine ACI-24 reduces AD pathology, suggesting its use as a safe and cost-effective AD therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lina Dinkel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Berghofer
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Bordier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kozlov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annett Halle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Buschmann
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Capell
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Camilla Giudici
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
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8
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Fiorini E, Vukicevic M, Carpintero R, Rincon M, Lopez‐Deber P, Piot N, Ayer M, Rentero I, Siegert S, Babolin C, Knittel D, Gollwitzer E, Bravo‐Veyrat S, Giriens V, Morici C, Beuzelin M, Gesbert A, Rivot S, Chuard N, Attanasio V, Delpretti S, Donati P, Streffer J, Pfeifer A, Kosco‐Vilbois M. Optimized ACI‐24, an amyloid beta (Abeta) vaccine that safely drives immunity to oligomers and Pyroglutamate Abeta, key pathological species of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.065688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Johannes Streffer
- AC Immune SA Lausanne Switzerland
- University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
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9
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Capotosti F, Vokali E, Molette J, Ravache M, Delgado C, Kocher J, Pittet L, Vallet C, Serra A, Piorkowska K, Dimitrakopoulos IK, Luthi‐Carter R, Tsika E, Touilloux T, Hliva V, Smith R, Hansson O, Streffer J, Pfeifer A, Kosco‐Vilbois M. Discovery of [
18
F]ACI‐12589, a Novel and Promising PET‐Tracer for Alpha‐Synuclein. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.064680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruben Smith
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University Malmö Sweden
- Neurology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University Malmö Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Johannes Streffer
- AC Immune SA Lausanne Switzerland
- University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
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10
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Sol O, Lê B, Valatsou E, Delpretti S, Rongere J, Vukicevic M, Gray JJG, Hliva V, Kosco‐Vilbois M, Pfeifer A, Streffer J. Biomarker‐based development for optimized ACI‐24, a novel candidate vaccine for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.065454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Johannes Streffer
- AC Immune SA Lausanne Switzerland
- University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
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11
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Butz M, Lehmann S, Pliske J, Pfeifer A, Scharf FMT, Schon G, Renger F, Gulasova M, Mackova Z, Bundzelova K, Vladarova M, Olah M, Kozon V, Luliak M, Kmit I, Krcmery V, Gottschalk R, Altrad A, Mrazova M, Kalawski E, Claudi C, Hardy M, Gaul C, Grauss P, Muller A, Grossmann K. Physiotherapy & Psychosocial Rehabilitation in Postcovid & Postconflict Era: New Roles with same Staff? (dispatch). CSWHI 2022. [DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_5_09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Waves of COVID-19 have been managed successfully within US, EU, Southeast Asia and Latin America, however, South Asia and Sub-saharan Africa still suffer new variants and EU fights with UK and United States of ,,new waves of old disease“, postcovide or long covide syndrome. The aim of this communication and research is to prepare our auditors for the size and extent of postcovid systems and the importance of non-doctors and non-medicine experts in management of its consequences.
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12
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Rafii MS, Sol O, Mobley WC, Delpretti S, Skotko BG, Burke AD, Sabbagh MN, Yuan SH, Rissman RA, Pulsifer M, Evans C, Evans AC, Beth G, Fournier N, Gray JA, Dos Santos AM, Hliva V, Vukicevic M, Kosco-Vilbois M, Streffer J, Pfeifer A, Feldman HH. Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the ACI-24 Vaccine in Adults With Down Syndrome: A Phase 1b Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:565-574. [PMID: 35532913 PMCID: PMC9086937 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Importance Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of developing Alzheimer disease due to an increased dose of the amyloid precursor protein gene, APP, which leads to increased levels of full-length APP and its products, including amyloid-β (Aβ). The liposome-based antiamyloid ACI-24 vaccine is intended to treat neurological disorders caused by misfolded Aβ pathological protein. However, the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the ACI-24 vaccine among adults with DS have not been fully examined. Objective To assess the safety and tolerability of the ACI-24 vaccine among adults with DS as well as its ability to induce immunogenicity measured by anti-Aβ immunoglobulin G titers. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled dose-escalation phase 1b randomized clinical trial was conducted at 3 US academic medical centers with affiliated Down syndrome clinics between March 30, 2016, and June 29, 2020. A total of 20 adults with DS were screened; of those, 16 adults were eligible to participate. Eligibility criteria included men or women aged 25 to 45 years with cytogenetic diagnosis of either trisomy 21 or complete unbalanced translocation of chromosome 21. Between April 27, 2016, and July 2, 2018, participants were randomized 3:1 into 2 dose-level cohorts (8 participants per cohort, with 6 participants receiving the ACI-24 vaccine and 2 receiving placebo) in a 96-week study. Participants received 48 weeks of treatment followed by an additional 48 weeks of safety follow-up. Interventions Participants were randomized to receive 7 subcutaneous injections of ACI-24, 300 μg or 1000 μg, or placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were measures of safety and tolerability as well as antibody titers. Results Among 16 enrolled participants, the mean (SD) age was 32.6 (4.4) years; 9 participants were women, and 7 were men. All participants were White, and 1 participant had Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Treatment adherence was 100%. There were no cases of meningoencephalitis, death, or other serious adverse events (AEs) and no withdrawals as a result of AEs. Most treatment-emergent AEs were of mild intensity (110 of 132 events [83.3%]) and unrelated or unlikely to be related to the ACI-24 vaccine (113 of 132 events [85.6%]). No amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with edema or cerebral microhemorrhage and no evidence of central nervous system inflammation were observed on magnetic resonance imaging scans. Increases in anti-Aβ immunoglobulin G titers were observed in 4 of 12 participants (33.3%) receiving ACI-24 (2 receiving 300 μg and 2 receiving 1000 μg) compared with 0 participants receiving placebo. In addition, a greater increase was observed in plasma Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels among individuals receiving ACI-24. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, the ACI-24 vaccine was safe and well tolerated in adults with DS. Evidence of immunogenicity along with pharmacodynamic and target engagement were observed, and anti-Aβ antibody titers were not associated with any adverse findings. These results support progression to clinical trials using an optimized formulation of the ACI-24 vaccine among individuals with DS. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02738450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Rafii
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, San Diego
| | | | - William C Mobley
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | | | - Brian G Skotko
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | | | - Shauna H Yuan
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - Margaret Pulsifer
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Casey Evans
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - A Carol Evans
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Howard H Feldman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego.,Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study, University of California, San Diego, San Diego
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13
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Mohr T, Schiffer M, Niemann P, Geisen C, Carls E, Mykhaylyk O, Hildebrand S, Pfeifer A, Ramanujam D, Engelhardt S, Funken M, Bakhtiary F, Fleischmann BK, Roell W. Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus: A Powerful Tool to Genetically Manipulate Cardiac and Noncardiac Fibroblasts. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Mohr
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - M. Schiffer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - P. Niemann
- Institute of Physiology 1, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - C. Geisen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - E. Carls
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - O. Mykhaylyk
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, TU München, Munich, Deutschland
| | - S. Hildebrand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - A. Pfeifer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - D. Ramanujam
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, TU München, Munich, Deutschland
| | - S. Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, TU München, Munich, Deutschland
| | - M. Funken
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - F. Bakhtiary
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - B. K. Fleischmann
- Institute of physiology 1, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - W. Roell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
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14
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Matthews EA, Sun W, McMahon SM, Doengi M, Halka L, Anders S, Müller JA, Steinlein P, Vana NS, van Dyk G, Pitsch J, Becker AJ, Pfeifer A, Kavalali ET, Lamprecht A, Henneberger C, Stein V, Schoch S, Dietrich D. Optical analysis of glutamate spread in the neuropil. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3669-3689. [PMID: 35059716 PMCID: PMC9433421 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast synaptic communication uses diffusible transmitters whose spread is limited by uptake mechanisms. However, on the submicron-scale, the distance between two synapses, the extent of glutamate spread has so far remained difficult to measure. Here, we show that quantal glutamate release from individual hippocampal synapses activates extracellular iGluSnFr molecules at a distance of >1.5 μm. 2P-glutamate uncaging near spines further showed that alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-Rs and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-Rs respond to distant uncaging spots at approximately 800 and 2000 nm, respectively, when releasing the amount of glutamate contained in approximately five synaptic vesicles. The uncaging-induced remote activation of AMPA-Rs was facilitated by blocking glutamate transporters but only modestly decreased by elevating the recording temperature. When mimicking release from neighboring synapses by three simultaneous uncaging spots in the microenvironment of a spine, AMPA-R-mediated responses increased supra-additively. Interfering with extracellular glutamate diffusion through a glutamate scavenger system weakly reduced field synaptic responses but not the quantal amplitude. Together, our data suggest that the neuropil is more permissive to short-range spread of transmitter than suggested by theory, that multivesicular release could regularly coactivate nearest neighbor synapses and that on this scale glutamate buffering by transporters primarily limits the spread of transmitter and allows for cooperative glutamate signaling in extracellular microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Doengi
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - L Halka
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Anders
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - J A Müller
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - P Steinlein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany,Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N S Vana
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - G van Dyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Pitsch
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany,Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - A J Becker
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany,Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - E T Kavalali
- Department of Pharmacology, The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7933, USA
| | - A Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Henneberger
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany,Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - V Stein
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Schoch
- Address correspondence to Prof. Dr Dirk Dietrich, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany. ; and Prof. Dr Susanne Schoch, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany.
| | - D Dietrich
- Address correspondence to Prof. Dr Dirk Dietrich, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany. ; and Prof. Dr Susanne Schoch, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany.
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15
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Vukicevic M, Fiorini E, Siegert S, Carpintero R, Rincon-Restrepo M, Lopez-Deber P, Piot N, Ayer M, Rentero I, Babolin C, Bravo-Veyrat S, Giriens V, Morici C, Beuzelin M, Gesbert A, Rivot S, Depretti S, Donati P, Streffer J, Pfeifer A, Kosco-Vilbois MH. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac022. [PMID: 35479516 PMCID: PMC9037369 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroglutamate amyloid beta3–42 (pGlu-Abeta3–42), a highly
amyloidogenic and neurotoxic form of Abeta, is N-terminally truncated to form a
pyroglutamate and has recently been proposed as a key target for immunotherapy.
Optimized ACI-24, a vaccine in development for the treatment and prevention of
Alzheimer’s disease, focuses the antibody response on the first 15
N-terminal amino acids of Abeta (Abeta1–15). Importantly, clinical data
with an initial version of ACI-24 incorporating Abeta1–15, established
the vaccine’s safety and tolerability with evidence of immunogenicity. To
explore optimized ACI-24’s capacity to generate antibodies to
pGlu-Abeta3–42, pre-clinical studies were carried out. Vaccinating mice
and non-human primates demonstrated that optimized ACI-24 was well-tolerated and
induced an antibody response against Abeta1–42 as expected, as well as
high titres of IgG reactive with pyroGlu-Abeta. Epitope mapping of the
polyclonal response confirmed these findings revealing broad coverage of
epitopes particularly for Abeta peptides mimicking where cleavage occurs to form
pGlu-Abeta3–42. These data are in striking contrast to results obtained
with other clinically tested Abeta targeting vaccines which generated restricted
and limited antibody diversity. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that
optimized ACI-24 vaccination represents a breakthrough to provide a safe immune
response with a broader Abeta sequence recognition compared to previously tested
vaccines, creating binders to pathogenic forms of Abeta important in
pathogenesis including pGlu-Abeta3–42.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - N. Piot
- AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Ayer
- AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Rivot
- AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - J. Streffer
- AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Biomedical Sciences, University of
Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - M. H. Kosco-Vilbois
- AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence to: M. Kosco-Vilbois AC Immune, AC Immune
SA EPFL Innovation Park, Building B CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail:
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16
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Kroth H, Oden F, Serra AM, Molette J, Mueller A, Berndt M, Capotosti F, Gabellieri E, Schmitt-Willich H, Hickman D, Pfeifer A, Dinkelborg L, Stephens A. Structure-activity relationship around PI-2620 highlights the importance of the nitrogen atom position in the tricyclic core. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 52:116528. [PMID: 34839158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tau aggregates represent a critical pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia. The extent of Tau neurofibrillary tangles across defined brain regions corresponds well to the observed level of cognitive decline in AD. Compound 1 (PI-2620) was recently identified as a promising Tau positron emission tomography tracer for AD and non-AD tauopathies. To evaluate the impact of the N-atom position with respect to Tau- and off-target binding, tricyclic core analogs of PI-2620 with nitrogen atoms at different positions were prepared. Affinity to aggregated Tau was evaluated using human AD brain homogenates, and their off-target binding was evaluated in a monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) competition assay. The novel tricyclic core derivatives all displayed inferior Tau binding or MAO-A off-target selectivity, indicating PI-2620 to be the optimal design for high affinity binding to Tau and high MAO-A selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Kroth
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Felix Oden
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jerome Molette
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andre Mueller
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Berndt
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - David Hickman
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludger Dinkelborg
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Capotosti F, Vokali E, Molette J, Ravache M, Delgado C, Kocher J, Pittet L, Dimitrakopoulos IK, Di‐Bonaventura I, Touilloux T, Piorkowska K, Chauhan M, Kroth H, Hliva V, Sol O, Pfeifer A, Kosco‐Vilbois M. The development of [
18
F]ACI‐12589, a high affinity and selective alpha‐synuclein radiotracer, as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.053943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Rafii MS, Sol O, Mobley WC, Skotko BG, Burke AD, Sabbagh MN, Yuan S, Rissman RA, Delpretti S, Beth G, Gray JJG, Melo dos Santos A, Hliva V, Vukicevic M, Kosco‐Vilbois M, Streffer J, Pfeifer A, Feldman H. ACI‐24 in adults with Down syndrome: Results of a phase 1b, randomized, placebo‐controlled study. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.057427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Rafii
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | | | | | - Brian G. Skotko
- Down Syndrome Program Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Howard Feldman
- Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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19
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Kroth H, Oden F, Molette J, Schieferstein H, Gabellieri E, Mueller A, Berndt M, Sreenivasachary N, Serra AM, Capotosti F, Schmitt-Willich H, Hickman D, Pfeifer A, Dinkelborg L, Stephens A. PI-2620 Lead Optimization Highlights the Importance of Off-Target Assays to Develop a PET Tracer for the Detection of Pathological Aggregated Tau in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12808-12830. [PMID: 34455780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The first candidate PI-2014 was tested in healthy controls and subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD). As PI-2014 displayed off-target binding to monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), a new lead with improved binding to Tau and decreased MAO-A binding was required. For compound optimization, Tau binding assays based on both human AD brain homogenate and Tau-paired helical filaments were employed. Furthermore, two MAO-A screening assays based on (1) human-recombinant MAO-A and (2) displacement of 2-fluoro-ethyl-harmine from mouse brain homogenate were employed. Removing the N-methyl group from the tricyclic core resulted in compounds displaying improved Tau binding. For the final round of optimization, the cyclic amine substituents were replaced by pyridine derivatives. PI-2620 (2-(2-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-9H-pyrrolo[2,3-b:4,5-c']dipyridine) emerged as a best candidate displaying high Tau binding, low MAO-A binding, high brain uptake, and fast and complete brain washout. Furthermore, PI-2620 showed Tau binding on brain sections from corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Pick's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Kroth
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Oden
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Molette
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andre Mueller
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Berndt
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - David Hickman
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludger Dinkelborg
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Ayalon G, Lee SH, Adolfsson O, Foo-Atkins C, Atwal JK, Blendstrup M, Booler H, Bravo J, Brendza R, Brunstein F, Chan R, Chandra P, Couch JA, Datwani A, Demeule B, DiCara D, Erickson R, Ernst JA, Foreman O, He D, Hötzel I, Keeley M, Kwok MCM, Lafrance-Vanasse J, Lin H, Lu Y, Luk W, Manser P, Muhs A, Ngu H, Pfeifer A, Pihlgren M, Rao GK, Scearce-Levie K, Schauer SP, Smith WB, Solanoy H, Teng E, Wildsmith KR, Bumbaca Yadav D, Ying Y, Fuji RN, Kerchner GA. Antibody semorinemab reduces tau pathology in a transgenic mouse model and engages tau in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/593/eabb2639. [PMID: 33980574 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tau has become an attractive alternative target for passive immunotherapy efforts for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The anatomical distribution and extent of tau pathology correlate with disease course and severity better than other disease markers to date. We describe here the generation, preclinical characterization, and phase 1 clinical characterization of semorinemab, a humanized anti-tau monoclonal antibody with an immunoglobulin G4 (igG4) isotype backbone. Semorinemab binds all six human tau isoforms and protects neurons against tau oligomer neurotoxicity in cocultures of neurons and microglia. In addition, when administered intraperitoneally once weekly for 13 weeks, murine versions of semorinemab reduced the accumulation of tau pathology in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy, independent of antibody effector function status. Semorinemab also showed clear evidence of target engagement in vivo, with increases in systemic tau concentrations observed in tau transgenic mice, nonhuman primates, and humans. Higher concentrations of systemic tau were observed after dosing in AD participants compared to healthy control participants. No concerning safety signals were observed in the phase 1 clinical trial at single doses up to 16,800 mg and multiple doses totaling 33,600 mg in a month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai Ayalon
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Seung-Hye Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Oskar Adolfsson
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jasvinder K Atwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mira Blendstrup
- Department of Early Clinical Development, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Helen Booler
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joseph Bravo
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robert Brendza
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Flavia Brunstein
- Department of Licensing and Early Development Safety, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ruby Chan
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Priya Chandra
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jessica A Couch
- Project Team Leadership, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Akash Datwani
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Barthélemy Demeule
- Department of Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Danielle DiCara
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rich Erickson
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - James A Ernst
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Oded Foreman
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dongping He
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Isidro Hötzel
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael Keeley
- Project Team Leadership, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael C M Kwok
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Han Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yanmei Lu
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wilman Luk
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Paul Manser
- Biostatistics, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andreas Muhs
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hai Ngu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pihlgren
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gautham K Rao
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Stephen P Schauer
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - William B Smith
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Hilda Solanoy
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edmond Teng
- Department of Early Clinical Development, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kristin R Wildsmith
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daniela Bumbaca Yadav
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yong Ying
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Reina N Fuji
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Department of Early Clinical Development, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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21
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Schiffer M, Carls E, Treede H, De La Fuente JM, Pfeifer A, Fleischmann BK, Röll W. Long-Term Reduction of Post-Infarct Ventricular Tachycardia by Transplantation of Connexin 43 Overexpressing Cardiac Fibroblasts. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Rafii MS, Mobley WC, Skotko BG, Sabbagh MN, Burke AD, Yuan S, Rissman RA, Chavez R, Delpretti S, Sol O, Beth G, Gray JJG, dos Santos AM, Hliva V, Vukicevic M, Kosco‐Vilbois M, Pfeifer A, Feldman HH. ACI‐24 vaccine in adults with Down syndrome. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.038678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian G. Skotko
- Down Syndrome Program Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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23
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Capotosti F, Vokali E, Molette J, Tsika E, Ravache M, Juergens T, Melo dos Santos A, Darmency V, Piorkowska K, Chauhan M, Kroth H, Hliva V, Sol O, Pfeifer A, Kosco‐Vilbois M. Developing a novel alpha‐synuclein positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for the diagnosis of synucleinopathies. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Goody P, Christmann D, Hosen M, Nehl D, Goody D, Niepmann S, Zietzer A, Duerr D, Uer O, Treede H, Nickenig G, Pfeifer A, Jansen F. The role of noncoding RNAs during aortic valve stenosis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most common valve disease worldwide. Thought to be a purely degenerative disease, it is now clear that shear stress/endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition and inflammation lead to calcification and stenosis of the valve. There is evidence, that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are actively involved in calcification processes. Practically all cells, including endothelial cells, can generate EVs, which can be shed into the blood stream and into the interstitial space. EVs contain lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). EVs can be taken up by acceptor cells and their cargo, especially the ncRNA content, can change the phenotype of these cells. NcRNAs have been shown to have protective and damaging properties in AVS, which can lead to disease progression. EVs are actively involved in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification, but their role during AVS formation remains largely unknown.
Purpose
We hypothesize, that EV-derived ncRNAs play a crucial role during calcification of the aortic valve through regulation of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and calcification of valvular interstitial cells.
Methods and results
In initial screening experiments, we investigated ncRNA (micro RNA, miRNA and long noncoding RNA, lncRNA) content in aortic valve tissue from explanted human aortic valves from patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement. There is a differential expression of miRNAs and lncRNAs in aortic valve tissue from patients with AVS and patients without AVS. We could also show a differential packaging of ncRNAs into EVs generated from patient aortic valve tissues. Furthermore, ncRNA expression in aortic valve tissue is altered in a “wire-injury” mouse model of AVS. We can demonstrate in vitro that EVs and their content can be transferred from valvular endothelial cells (VECs) to valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and vice versa. Additionally, we have established an isolation method of VECs and VICs from human samples. To identify ncRNAs involved in EndMT, we are investigating the effect of laminar and pulsatile flow on the expression of ncRNAs in vitro. We can demonstrate that different flow patterns lead to a vast change in ncRNA expression in primary VECs. Downstream effects of identified ncRNAs are currently under investigation in our in vitro calcification and EndMT models. Transfection of VICs with miRNA mimics and inhibitors and lentiviral transduction of our identified targets lead to an altered calcification potential of valve cells.
Conclusion
The analysis of the cell type specific expression of ncRNAs and the intercellular communication via EVs will greatly help our understanding of the pathomechanisms leading to valvular calcification. Pathway analysis will generate new targets that could be used to develop therapeutics to ameliorate disease progression. EV-based miRNA mimics and inhibitors could be used to treat valvular calcification.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, TRR259; Else-Kröner-Fresenius
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Affiliation(s)
- P.R Goody
- Heartcenter Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Christmann
- Heartcenter Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M.R Hosen
- Heartcenter Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Nehl
- Heartcenter Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Goody
- University of Bonn, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bonn, Germany
| | - S.T Niepmann
- Heartcenter Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Zietzer
- Heartcenter Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Duerr
- University Hospital Bonn, Cardiac Surgery, Bonn, Germany
| | - O Uer
- University Hospital Bonn, Cardiac Surgery, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Treede
- University Hospital Bonn, Cardiac Surgery, Bonn, Germany
| | - G Nickenig
- University Hospital Bonn, Cardiac Surgery, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Pfeifer
- University of Bonn, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Jansen
- University Hospital Bonn, Cardiac Surgery, Bonn, Germany
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25
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Gabellieri E, Capotosti F, Molette J, Sreenivasachary N, Mueller A, Berndt M, Schieferstein H, Juergens T, Varisco Y, Oden F, Schmitt-Willich H, Hickman D, Dinkelborg L, Stephens A, Pfeifer A, Kroth H. Discovery of 2-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)piperidin-1-yl)-9-methyl-9H-pyrrolo[2,3-b:4,5-c']dipyridine ([18F]PI-2014) as PET tracer for the detection of pathological aggregated tau in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112615. [PMID: 32771872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The compound screening was initiated with a direct staining assay to identify compounds binding to Tau aggregates and not Abeta plaques using human brain sections derived from late stage Alzheimer's disease donors. The binding of Tau aggregate selective compounds was then quantitatively assessed with human brain derived paired helical filaments utilizing the label-free Back Scattering Interferometry assay. In vivo biodistribution experiments of selected fluorine-18 labeled compounds were performed in mice to assess brain uptake, brain washout, and defluorination. Compound 11 emerged as the most promising candidate, displaying high in vitro binding affinity and selectivity to neurofibrillary tangles. Fluorine-18 labeled compound 11 showed high brain uptake and rapid washout from the mouse brain with no observed bone uptake. Furthermore, compound 11 was able to detect Tau aggregates in tauopathy brain sections from corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Pick's disease donors. Thus, 2-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)piperidin-1-yl)-9-methyl-9H-pyrrolo[2,3-b:4,5-c']dipyridine (PI-2014, compound 11) was selected for characterization in a first-in-human study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerome Molette
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andre Mueller
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Berndt
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanno Schieferstein
- Formerly Piramal Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany; Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tanja Juergens
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Varisco
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Oden
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - David Hickman
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludger Dinkelborg
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Kroth
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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26
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Schiffer M, Carls E, Dürr GD, Treede H, Delafuente JM, Pfeifer A, Fleischmann BK, Roell W. Grafting of Connexin43 (Cx43) Overexpressing Cardiac Fibroblasts Protects from Postinfarct Arrhythmia. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Mueller A, Bullich S, Barret O, Madonia J, Berndt M, Papin C, Perrotin A, Koglin N, Kroth H, Pfeifer A, Tamagnan G, Seibyl JP, Marek K, De Santi S, Dinkelborg LM, Stephens AW. Tau PET imaging with 18F-PI-2620 in Patients with Alzheimer Disease and Healthy Controls: A First-in-Humans Study. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:911-919. [PMID: 31712323 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.236224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-PI-2620 is a PET tracer with high binding affinity for aggregated tau, a key pathologic feature of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Preclinically, 18F-PI-2620 binds to both 3-repeat and 4-repeat tau isoforms. The purpose of this first-in-humans study was to evaluate the ability of 18F-PI-2620 to detect tau pathology in AD patients using PET imaging, as well as to assess the safety and tolerability of this new tau PET tracer. Methods: Participants with a clinical diagnosis of probable AD and healthy controls (HCs) underwent dynamic 18F-PI-2620 PET imaging for 180 min. 18F-PI-2620 binding was assessed visually and quantitatively using distribution volume ratios (DVR) estimated from noninvasive tracer kinetics and SUV ratio (SUVR) measured at different time points after injection, with the cerebellar cortex as the reference region. Time-activity curves and SUVR were assessed in AD and HC subjects, as well as DVR and SUVR correlations and effect size (Cohen's d) over time. Results: 18F-PI-2620 showed peak brain uptake around 5 min after injection and fast washout from nontarget regions. In AD subjects, focal asymmetric uptake was evident in temporal and parietal lobes, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex. DVR and SUVR in these regions were significantly higher in AD subjects than in HCs. Very low background signal was observed in HCs. 18F-PI-2620 administration was safe and well tolerated. SUVR time-activity curves in most regions and subjects achieved a secular equilibrium after 40 min after injection. A strong correlation (R 2 > 0.93) was found between noninvasive DVR and SUVR for all imaging windows starting at more than 30 min after injection. Similar effect sizes between AD and HC groups were obtained across the different imaging windows. 18F-PI-2620 uptake in neocortical regions significantly correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Initial clinical data obtained in AD and HC subjects demonstrated a high image quality and excellent signal-to-noise ratio of 18F-PI-2620 PET for imaging tau deposition in AD subjects. Noninvasive quantification using DVR and SUVR for 30-min imaging windows between 30 and 90 min after injection-for example, 45-75 min-provides robust and significant discrimination between AD and HC subjects. 18F-PI-2620 uptake in expected regions correlates strongly with neurocognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Papin
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Invicro, New Haven, Connecticut
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28
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Bullich S, Barret O, Constantinescu C, Sandiego C, Mueller A, Berndt M, Papin C, Perrotin A, Koglin N, Kroth H, Pfeifer A, Tamagnan G, Madonia J, Seibyl JP, Marek K, De Santi S, Dinkelborg LM, Stephens AW. Evaluation of Dosimetry, Quantitative Methods, and Test-Retest Variability of 18F-PI-2620 PET for the Assessment of Tau Deposits in the Human Brain. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:920-927. [PMID: 31712324 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.236240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
18F-PI-2620 is a next-generation tau PET tracer that has demonstrated ability to image the spatial distribution of suspected tau pathology. The objective of this study was to assess the tracer biodistribution, dosimetry, and quantitative methods of 18F-PI-2620 in the human brain. Full kinetic modeling to quantify tau load was investigated. Noninvasive kinetic modeling and semiquantitative methods were evaluated against the full tracer kinetics. Finally, the reproducibility of PET measurements from test and retest scans was assessed. Methods: Three healthy controls (HCs) and 4 Alzheimer disease (AD) subjects underwent 2 dynamic PET scans, including arterial sampling. Distribution volume ratio (DVR) was estimated using full tracer kinetics (reversible 2-tissue-compartment [2TC] model and Logan graphical analysis [LGA]) and noninvasive kinetic models (noninvasive LGA [NI-LGA] and the multilinear reference tissue model [MRTM2]). SUV ratio (SUVR) was determined at different imaging windows after injection. The correlation between DVR and SUVR, effect size (Cohen's d), and test-retest variability (TRV) were evaluated. Additionally, 6 HCs received 1 tracer administration and underwent whole-body PET for dosimetry calculation. Organ doses and the whole-body effective dose were calculated using OLINDA 2.0. Results: A strong correlation was found across different kinetic models (R 2 > 0.97) and between DVR(2TC) and SUVR between 30 and 90 min, with an R 2 of more than 0.95. Secular equilibrium was reached at around 40 min after injection in most regions and subjects. TRV and effect size for SUVR across different regions were similar at 30-60 min (TRV, 3.8%; Cohen's d, 3.80), 45-75 min (TRV, 4.3%; Cohen's d, 3.77) and 60-90 min (TRV, 4.9%; Cohen's d, 3.73) and increased at later time points. Elimination was via the hepatobiliary and urinary systems. The whole-body effective dose was 33.3 ± 2.1 μSv/MBq for an adult female and 33.1 ± 1.4 μSv/MBq for an adult male, with a 1.5-h urinary bladder voiding interval. Conclusion: 18F-PI-2620 exhibits fast kinetics, suitable dosimetry, and low TRV. DVR measured using the 2TC model with arterial sampling correlated strongly with DVR measured by NI-LGA, MRTM2, and SUVR. SUVR can be used for 18F-PI-2620 PET quantification of tau deposits, avoiding arterial blood sampling. Static 18F-PI-2620 PET scans between 45 and 75 min after injection provide excellent quantification accuracy, a large effect size, and low TRV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Papin
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Invicro, New Haven, Connecticut
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29
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Sreenivasachary N, Kroth H, Benderitter P, Barth W, Pfeifer A, Muhs A. A Short Synthesis of the 2-Bromo- N,9-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5 H-pyrido[2,3- b]indol-6-amine Building Block. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heiko Kroth
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Benderitter
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Barth
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Muhs
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Kroth H, Oden F, Molette J, Schieferstein H, Capotosti F, Mueller A, Berndt M, Schmitt-Willich H, Darmency V, Gabellieri E, Boudou C, Juergens T, Varisco Y, Vokali E, Hickman DT, Tamagnan G, Pfeifer A, Dinkelborg L, Muhs A, Stephens A. Discovery and preclinical characterization of [ 18F]PI-2620, a next-generation tau PET tracer for the assessment of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:2178-2189. [PMID: 31264169 PMCID: PMC6667408 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tau deposition is a key pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. The spreading of tau neurofibrillary tangles across defined brain regions corresponds to the observed level of cognitive decline in AD. Positron-emission tomography (PET) has proved to be an important tool for the detection of amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates in the brain, and is currently being explored for detection of pathological misfolded tau in AD and other non-AD tauopathies. Several PET tracers targeting tau deposits have been discovered and tested in humans. Limitations have been reported, especially regarding their selectivity. METHODS In our screening campaign we identified pyrrolo[2,3-b:4,5-c']dipyridine core structures with high affinity for aggregated tau. Further characterization showed that compounds containing this moiety had significantly reduced monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) binding compared to pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives such as AV-1451. RESULTS Here we present preclinical data of all ten fluoropyridine regioisomers attached to the pyrrolo[2,3-b:4,5-c']dipyridine scaffold, revealing compounds 4 and 7 with superior properties. The lead candidate [18F]PI-2620 (compound 7) displayed high affinity for tau deposits in AD brain homogenate competition assays. Specific binding to pathological misfolded tau was further demonstrated by autoradiography on AD brain sections (Braak I-VI), Pick's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) pathology, whereas no specific tracer binding was detected on brain slices from non-demented donors. In addition to its high affinity binding to tau aggregates, the compound showed excellent selectivity with no off-target binding to Aβ or MAO-A/B. Good brain uptake and fast washout were observed in healthy mice and non-human primates. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, [18F]PI-2620 was selected for clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Oden
- Life Molecular Imaging, GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Capotosti F, Nampally S, Lamontanara A, Rodriguez P, Varisco Y, Gabellieri E, Piorkowska K, Kroth H, Hickman D, Lowe D, Pfeifer A, Poli SM. O5‐06‐03: SMALL MOLECULES TARGETING TAU AGGREGATION DECREASE TAU PATHOLOGY AND NEUROINFLAMMATION IN VIVO. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Schiffer M, Carls E, Wagner K, Engelbrecht B, Duerr D, Welz A, de la JM, Pfeifer A, Fleischmann K, Roell W. Transplantation of Cx43 Expressing Fibroblasts: An Option for Postinfarct Arrhythmia Prevention? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schiffer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E. Carls
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Wagner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B. Engelbrecht
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D. Duerr
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Welz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. M. de la
- University of Zaragoza, Institute of Material Science of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A. Pfeifer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Fleischmann
- Department of Physiology I, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - W. Roell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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33
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Chen HH, Liu P, Auger P, Lee SH, Adolfsson O, Rey-Bellet L, Lafrance-Vanasse J, Friedman BA, Pihlgren M, Muhs A, Pfeifer A, Ernst J, Ayalon G, Wildsmith KR, Beach TG, van der Brug MP. Calpain-mediated tau fragmentation is altered in Alzheimer's disease progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16725. [PMID: 30425303 PMCID: PMC6233188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of intracellular tau protein is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extent and the stereotypical spread of tau pathology in the AD brain are correlated with cognitive decline during disease progression. Here we present an in-depth analysis of endogenous tau fragmentation in a well-characterized cohort of AD and age-matched control subjects. Using protein mass spectrometry and Edman degradation to interrogate endogenous tau fragments in the human brain, we identified two novel proteolytic sites, G323 and G326, as major tau cleavage events in both normal and AD cortex. These sites are located within the sequence recently identified as the structural core of tau protofilaments, suggesting an inhibitory mechanism of fibril formation. In contrast, a different set of novel cleavages showed a distinct increase in late stage AD. These disease-associated sites are located outside of the protofilament core sequence. We demonstrate that calpain 1 specifically cleaves at both the normal and diseased sites in vitro, and the site selection is conformation-dependent. Monomeric tau is predominantly cleaved at G323/G326 (normal sites), whereas oligomerization increases cleavages at the late-AD-associated sites. The fragmentation patterns specific to disease and healthy states suggest novel regulatory mechanisms of tau aggregation in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Hsin Chen
- Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Peter Liu
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Auger
- Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Hye Lee
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oskar Adolfsson
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorianne Rey-Bellet
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Brad A Friedman
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Pihlgren
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Muhs
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James Ernst
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gai Ayalon
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristin R Wildsmith
- Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515W, Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Marcel P van der Brug
- Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Therapeutics Division, Clover Health, 22 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Stöhr J, Capotosti F, Tsika E, Molette J, Grasso L, Ravache M, Vokali E, Rodriguez P, Davranche A, Darmency V, Kroth H, Patterson D, Purohit A, Lowe D, Pfeifer A, Muhs A. DT‐02‐06: NOVEL ALPHA‐SYNUCLEIN POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) TRACERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Theunis C, Adolfsson O, Crespo-Biel N, Piorkowska K, Pihlgren M, Hickman DT, Gafner V, Borghgraef P, Devijver H, Pfeifer A, Van Leuven F, Muhs A. Novel Phospho-Tau Monoclonal Antibody Generated Using a Liposomal Vaccine, with Enhanced Recognition of a Conformational Tauopathy Epitope. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:585-599. [PMID: 28035925 PMCID: PMC5271481 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein Tau is an intrinsically unfolded, very soluble neuronal protein. Under still unknown circumstances, Tau protein forms soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates that are closely linked to the cause and progression of various brain pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease. Previously we reported the development of liposome-based vaccines and their efficacy and safety in preclinical mouse models for tauopathy. Here we report the use of a liposomal vaccine for the generation of a monoclonal antibody with particular characteristics that makes it a valuable tool for fundamental studies as well as a candidate antibody for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The specificity and affinity of antibody ACI-5400 were characterized by a panel of methods: (i) measuring the selectivity for a specific phospho-Tau epitope known to be associated with tauopathy, (ii) performing a combination of peptide and protein binding assays, (iii) staining of brain sections from mouse preclinical tauopathy models and from human subjects representing six different tauopathies, and (iv) evaluating the selective binding to pathological epitopes on extracts from tauopathy brains in non-denaturing sandwich assays. We conclude that the ACI-5400 antibody binds to protein Tau phosphorylated at S396 and favors a conformation that is typically present in the brain of tauopathy patients, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Theunis
- Experimental Genetics Group - LEGTEGG, Department of Human Genetics, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oskar Adolfsson
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Crespo-Biel
- Experimental Genetics Group - LEGTEGG, Department of Human Genetics, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kasia Piorkowska
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pihlgren
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David T Hickman
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Gafner
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Borghgraef
- Experimental Genetics Group - LEGTEGG, Department of Human Genetics, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herman Devijver
- Experimental Genetics Group - LEGTEGG, Department of Human Genetics, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fred Van Leuven
- Experimental Genetics Group - LEGTEGG, Department of Human Genetics, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Muhs
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Naderi A, Koschella A, Heinze T, Shih KC, Nieh MP, Pfeifer A, Chang CC, Erlandsson J. Corrigendum to "Sulfoethylated nanofibrillated cellulose: Production and properties" [Carbohydr. Polym. 169 (2017) 515-523]. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 179:1. [PMID: 29111030 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Naderi
- Innventia AB, Box 5604, SE-11486 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Koschella
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - T Heinze
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - K C Shih
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT-06269-3136, United States; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Taiwan.
| | - M P Nieh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT-06269-3136, United States.
| | - A Pfeifer
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - C C Chang
- ThINC Facility at Advanced Energy Research & Technology Center, 1000 Innovation Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-6044, United States.
| | - J Erlandsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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37
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Chen H, Auger P, Liu P, Lee J, Adolfsson O, Pihlgren M, Muhs A, Pfeifer A, Schauer S, Baker D, Datwani A, Wildsmith KR, Beach TG, Brug MP. [P4–099]: CHANGES IN TAU PROTEIN LANDSCAPE DURING ALZHEIMER's DISEASE PROGRESSION. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Barret O, Seibyl J, Stephens A, Madonia J, Alagille D, Mueller A, Berndt M, Kroth H, Capotosti F, Muhs A, Pfeifer A, Tamagnan G, Dinkelborg L, Marek K. [IC‐01–05]: FIRST‐IN‐HUMAN PET STUDIES WITH THE NEXT GENERATION TAU AGENT 18‐F PI‐2620 IN ALZHEIMER's DISEASE, PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, AND CONTROLS. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Barret
- Molecular NeuroimagingA division of inviCRONew HavenCTUSA
| | - John Seibyl
- Molecular NeuroimagingA division of inviCRONew HavenCTUSA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative DisordersNew HavenCTUSA
| | | | | | - David Alagille
- Molecular NeuroimagingA division of inviCRONew HavenCTUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth Marek
- Molecular NeuroimagingA division of inviCRONew HavenCTUSA
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Vukicevic M, Fiorini E, Knittel D, Giriens V, Chuard N, Pfeifer A, Muhs A, Pihlgren M. [P3–067]: DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY SENSITIVE MSD ASSAYS FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTI‐AMYLOID β MONOMER‐ AND OLIGOMER‐SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN HUMAN SERUM. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Mueller A, Kroth H, Schieferstein H, Berndt M, Oden F, Capotosti F, Molette J, Juergens T, Darmency V, Schmitt‐Willich H, Hickman D, Tamagnan G, Pfeifer A, Dinkelborg L, Muhs A, Stephens A. [P2–381]: PRECLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PI‐2620, A NOVEL TAU PET TRACER FOR DETECTION OF TAU IN AD AND OTHER TAUOPATHIES. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Lee SH, Le Pichon CE, Adolfsson O, Gafner V, Pihlgren M, Lin H, Solanoy H, Brendza R, Ngu H, Foreman O, Chan R, Ernst JA, DiCara D, Hotzel I, Srinivasan K, Hansen DV, Atwal J, Lu Y, Bumbaca D, Pfeifer A, Watts RJ, Muhs A, Scearce-Levie K, Ayalon G. Antibody-Mediated Targeting of Tau In Vivo Does Not Require Effector Function and Microglial Engagement. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1690-1700. [PMID: 27475227 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of tau pathology correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. In vitro, tau antibodies can block cell-to-cell tau spreading. Although mechanisms of anti-tau function in vivo are unknown, effector function might promote microglia-mediated clearance. In this study, we investigated whether antibody effector function is required for targeting tau. We compared efficacy in vivo and in vitro of two versions of the same tau antibody, with and without effector function, measuring tau pathology, neuron health, and microglial function. Both antibodies reduced accumulation of tau pathology in Tau-P301L transgenic mice and protected cultured neurons against extracellular tau-induced toxicity. Only the full-effector antibody enhanced tau uptake in cultured microglia, which promoted release of proinflammatory cytokines. In neuron-microglia co-cultures, only effectorless anti-tau protected neurons, suggesting full-effector tau antibodies can induce indirect toxicity via microglia. We conclude that effector function is not required for efficacy, and effectorless tau antibodies may represent a safer approach to targeting tau.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Han Lin
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Hai Ngu
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Ruby Chan
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanmei Lu
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gai Ayalon
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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42
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Kroth H, Sreenivasachary N, Hamel A, Benderitter P, Varisco Y, Giriens V, Paganetti P, Froestl W, Pfeifer A, Muhs A. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of 2,6-disubstituted pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of β-amyloid-42 aggregation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3330-3335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Belichenko PV, Madani R, Rey-Bellet L, Pihlgren M, Becker A, Plassard A, Vuillermot S, Giriens V, Nosheny RL, Kleschevnikov AM, Valletta JS, Bengtsson SKS, Linke GR, Maloney MT, Hickman DT, Reis P, Granet A, Mlaki D, Lopez-Deber MP, Do L, Singhal N, Masliah E, Pearn ML, Pfeifer A, Muhs A, Mobley WC. An Anti-β-Amyloid Vaccine for Treating Cognitive Deficits in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152471. [PMID: 27023444 PMCID: PMC4811554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy of chromosome 21, the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide product of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is present in excess. Evidence points to increased APP gene dose and Aβ as playing a critical role in cognitive difficulties experienced by people with DS. Particularly, Aβ is linked to the late-life emergence of dementia as associated with neuropathological markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, no treatment targets Aβ-related pathogenesis in people with DS. Herein we used a vaccine containing the Aβ 1-15 peptide embedded into liposomes together with the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Ts65Dn mice, a model of DS, were immunized with the anti-Aβ vaccine at 5 months of age and were examined for cognitive measures at 8 months of age. The status of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and brain levels of APP and its proteolytic products were measured. Immunization of Ts65Dn mice resulted in robust anti-Aβ IgG titers, demonstrating the ability of the vaccine to break self-tolerance. The vaccine-induced antibodies reacted with Aβ without detectable binding to either APP or its C-terminal fragments. Vaccination of Ts65Dn mice resulted in a modest, but non-significant reduction in brain Aβ levels relative to vehicle-treated Ts65Dn mice, resulting in similar levels of Aβ as diploid (2N) mice. Importantly, vaccinated Ts65Dn mice showed resolution of memory deficits in the novel object recognition and contextual fear conditioning tests, as well as reduction of cholinergic neuron atrophy. No treatment adverse effects were observed; vaccine did not result in inflammation, cellular infiltration, or hemorrhage. These data are the first to show that an anti-Aβ immunotherapeutic approach may act to target Aβ-related pathology in a mouse model of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Belichenko
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Ann Becker
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Rachel L. Nosheny
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander M. Kleschevnikov
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Janice S. Valletta
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sara K. S. Bengtsson
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gordon R. Linke
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Maloney
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Long Do
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Nishant Singhal
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Pearn
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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44
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Engelbrecht B, Klein A, Breitbach M, Parikh A, Lee J, Zimmermann K, Ottersbach A, Dürr D, Welz A, Pfeifer A, Salama G, Kotlikoff M, Fleischmann B, Röll W. Long-term Reduction of Post-infarct Ventricular Tachycardia by Direct Lentiviral Connexin 43 Gene Transfer. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Daca-Roszak P, Pfeifer A, Żebracka-Gala J, Jarząb B, Witt M, Ziętkiewicz E. EurEAs_Gplex--A new SNaPshot assay for continental population discrimination and gender identification. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 20:89-100. [PMID: 26520215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Assays that allow analysis of the biogeographic origin of biological samples in a standard forensic laboratory have to target a small number of highly differentiating markers. Such markers should be easy to multiplex and the assay must perform well in the degraded and scarce biological material. SNPs localized in the genome regions, which in the past were subjected to differential selective pressure in various populations, are the most widely used markers in the studies of biogeographic affiliation. SNPs reflecting biogeographic differences not related to any phenotypic traits are not sufficiently explored. The goal of our study was to identify a small set of SNPs not related to any known pigmentation/phenotype-specific genes, which would allow efficient discrimination between populations of Europe and East Asia. The selection of SNPs was based on the comparative analysis of representative European and Chinese/Japanese samples (B-lymphocyte cell lines), genotyped using the Infinium HumanOmniExpressExome microarray (Illumina). The classifier, consisting of 24 unlinked SNPs (24-SNP classifier), was selected. The performance of a 14-SNP subset of this classifier (14-SNP subclassifier) was tested using genotype data from several populations. The 14-SNP subclassifier differentiated East Asians, Europeans and Africans with ∼100% accuracy; Palestinians, representative of the Middle East, clustered with Europeans, while Amerindians and Pakistani were placed between East Asian and European populations. Based on these results, we have developed a SNaPshot assay (EurEAs_Gplex) for genotyping SNPs from the 14-SNP subclassifier, combined with an additional marker for gender identification. Forensic utility of the EurEAs_Gplex was verified using degraded and low quantity DNA samples. The performance of the EurEAs_Gplex was satisfactory when using degraded DNA; tests using low quantity DNA samples revealed a previously not described source of genotyping errors, potentially important for any SNaPshot-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Daca-Roszak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - A Pfeifer
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland; Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - J Żebracka-Gala
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - B Jarząb
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - M Witt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Ziętkiewicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
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46
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Froestl W, Pfeifer A, Muhs A. Cognitive enhancers (Nootropics). Part 3: drugs interacting with targets other than receptors or enzymes. Disease-modifying drugs. Update 2014. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 42:1079-149. [PMID: 25061058 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Scientists working in the field of Alzheimer's disease and, in particular, cognitive enhancers, are very productive. The review "Drugs interacting with Targets other than Receptors or Enzymes. Disease-modifying Drugs" was accepted in October 2012. In the last 20 months, new targets for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease were identified. Enormous progress was realized in the pharmacological characterization of natural products with cognitive enhancing properties. This review covers the evolution of research in this field through May 2014.
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47
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Lee SH, Pichon C, Adolfsson O, Gafner V, Pihlgren M, Lin H, Solanoy H, Brendza R, Ngu H, Foreman O, Chan R, Ernst J, Dicara D, Hotzel I, Srinivasan K, Hansen D, Atwal J, Pfeifer A, Watts R, Muhs A, Scearce-Levie K, Ayalon G. P2‐054: Tau antibodies lacking effector function minimize inflammatory responses while effectively blocking spread of tau pathology. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Pichon
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | | | | | - Han Lin
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | | | - Hai Ngu
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Ruby Chan
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
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48
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Mayer P, Zilleßen P, Harst A, Celner J, Zimmermann K, Pfeifer A, Racké K. Expression und Freisetzung von DPP4 in humanen subkutanen Präadipozyten und Adipozyten. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Pilz G, Class I, Boekstegers P, Pfeifer A, Müller U, Werdan K. Pseudomonas immunoglobulin therapy in patients with Pseudomonas sepsis and septic shock. Antibiot Chemother (1971) 2015; 44:120-35. [PMID: 1801630 DOI: 10.1159/000420307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Pilz
- Department of Medicine I, Grosshadern University Hospital, University of Munich, FRG
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50
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Ottersbach A, Eberbeck D, Brügmann T, Gleich B, Plank C, Sasse P, Pfeifer A, Welz A, Fleischmann B, Röll W. Site-specific Positioning of Magnetic Nanoparticle (MNP) Loaded Progenitors Improves Cell Engraftment, Long Term Myocardial Function and Protects from Ventricular Tachycardia upon Myocardial Infarction. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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