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Xiao K, Ullah I, Yang F, Wang J, Hou C, Liu Y, Li X. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of FXR1 across pan-cancer: Unraveling its diagnostic, prognostic, and immunological significance. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36456. [PMID: 38050239 PMCID: PMC10695598 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X-related protein 1 (FXR1) is an RNA-binding protein that belongs to the fragile X-related (FXR) family. Studies have shown that FXR1 plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration and is differentially expressed in cancers. This study aimed to gain a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the analysis of FXR1's role in cancers. This would lead to a better understanding of how it contributes to the development and progression of various malignancies. this study conducted through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GTEx, cBioPortal, TISIDB, GEPIA2 and HPA databases to investigated FXR1's role in cancers. For data analysis, various software platforms and web platforms were used, such as R, Cytoscape, hiplot plateform. A significant difference in FXR1 expression was observed across molecular and immune subtypes and across types of cancer. FXR1 expression correlates with disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) in several cancer pathways, further in progression-free interval (PFI) in most cancers. Additionally, FXR1 showed a correlation with genetic markers of immunomodulators in different cancer types. Our study provides insights into the role of FXR1 in promoting, inhibiting, and treating diverse cancers. FXR1 has the potential to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer, with therapeutic value in immune-based, targeted, or cytotoxic treatments. Further clinical validation and exploration of FXR1 in cancer treatment is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Xiao
- Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Chunxia Hou
- Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xinghua Li
- Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Pirooznia SK, Rosenthal LS, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Parkinson Disease: Translating Insights from Molecular Mechanisms to Neuroprotection. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:33-97. [PMID: 34663684 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) used to be considered a nongenetic condition. However, the identification of several autosomal dominant and recessive mutations linked to monogenic PD has changed this view. Clinically manifest PD is then thought to occur through a complex interplay between genetic mutations, many of which have incomplete penetrance, and environmental factors, both neuroprotective and increasing susceptibility, which variably interact to reach a threshold over which PD becomes clinically manifested. Functional studies of PD gene products have identified many cellular and molecular pathways, providing crucial insights into the nature and causes of PD. PD originates from multiple causes and a range of pathogenic processes at play, ultimately culminating in nigral dopaminergic loss and motor dysfunction. An in-depth understanding of these complex and possibly convergent pathways will pave the way for therapeutic approaches to alleviate the disease symptoms and neuroprotective strategies to prevent disease manifestations. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of advances made in PD research based on leveraging genetic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. It further discusses novel perspectives to facilitate identification of critical molecular pathways that are central to neurodegeneration that hold the potential to develop neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative therapeutic strategies for PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A comprehensive review of PD pathophysiology is provided on the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors and biologic processes that contribute to PD pathogenesis. This knowledge identifies new targets that could be leveraged into disease-modifying therapies to prevent or slow neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K Pirooznia
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
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3
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Jo S, Lockridge A, Mohan R, Esch N, Schlichting R, Panigrahy N, Essawy A, Gustafson E, Alejandro EU. Translational Factor eIF4G1 Regulates Glucose Homeostasis and Pancreatic β-Cell Function. Diabetes 2021; 70:155-170. [PMID: 33115825 PMCID: PMC7881850 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein translation is essential for cell physiology, and dysregulation of this process has been linked to aging-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Reduced protein level of a requisite scaffolding protein of the initiation complex, eIF4G1, downstream of nutrients and insulin signaling is associated with diabetes in humans and mice. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that eIF4G1 is critical for β-cell function and glucose homeostasis by genetically ablating eIF4G1 specifically in β-cells in vivo (βeIF4G1 knockout [KO]). Adult male and female βeIF4G1KO mice displayed glucose intolerance but normal insulin sensitivity. β-Cell mass was normal under steady state and under metabolic stress by diet-induced obesity, but we observed increases in proliferation and apoptosis in β-cells of βeIF4G1KO. We uncovered deficits in insulin secretion, partly due to reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, glucose-stimulated Ca2+ flux, and reduced insulin content associated with loss of eIF4E, the mRNA 5' cap-binding protein of the initiation complex and binding partner of eIF4G1. Genetic reconstitution of eIF4E in single β-cells or intact islets of βeIF4G1KO mice recovers insulin content, implicating an unexplored role for eIF4G1/eIF4E in insulin biosynthesis. Altogether these data demonstrate an essential role for the translational factor eIF4G1 on glucose homeostasis and β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Amber Lockridge
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ramkumar Mohan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nicholas Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Regina Schlichting
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Neha Panigrahy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ahmad Essawy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Eric Gustafson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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4
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Saini P, Rudakou U, Yu E, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Laurent SB, Spiegelman D, Fahn S, Waters C, Monchi O, Dauvilliers Y, Dupré N, Greenbaum L, Hassin-Baer S, Espay AJ, Rouleau GA, Alcalay RN, Fon EA, Postuma RB, Gan-Or Z. Association study of DNAJC13, UCHL1, HTRA2, GIGYF2, and EIF4G1 with Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 100:119.e7-119.e13. [PMID: 33239198 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rare mutations in genes originally discovered in multigenerational families have been associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). The involvement of rare variants in DNAJC13, UCHL1, HTRA2, GIGYF2, and EIF4G1 loci has been poorly studied or has produced conflicting results across cohorts. However, they are still being often referred to as "PD genes" and used in different models. To further elucidate the role of these 5 genes in PD, we fully sequenced them using molecular inversion probes in 2408 patients with PD and 3444 controls from 3 different cohorts. A total of 788 rare variants were identified across the 5 genes and 3 cohorts. Burden analyses and optimized sequence Kernel association tests revealed no significant association between any of the genes and PD after correction for multiple comparisons. Our results do not support an association of the 5 tested genes with PD. Combined with previous studies, it is unlikely that any of these genes plays an important role in PD. Their designation as "PARK" genes should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjyot Saini
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Uladzislau Rudakou
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra B Laurent
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Division of Neurosciences, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurology, The Movement Disorders Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology, Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward A Fon
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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5
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Lill CM. WITHDRAWN: Genetics of Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Probes 2020:101471. [PMID: 31978549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2016.11.001. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Lill
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Str. 1, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
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6
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Ten Years of the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium: Progress and Next Steps. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2020; 10:19-30. [PMID: 31815703 PMCID: PMC7029327 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In June 2009 a small group of investigators met at the annual Movement Disorders Society meeting in Paris. The explicit goal of this meeting was to discuss a potential research alliance focused on the genetics of Parkinson disease (PD). The outcome of this informal meeting was the creation of the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), a group focused on collaborative genetics research, enabled by trust, sharing, and as little paperwork as possible. The IPDGC has grown considerably since its inception, including over 100 scientists from around the World. The focus has also grown, to include clinical and functional investigation of PD at scale. Most recently, the IPDGC has expanded to initiate major research efforts in East Asia and Africa, and has prioritized collaborations with ongoing major efforts in India and South America. Here we summarize the efforts of the IPDGC thus far and place these in the context of a decade of progress in PD genomics. We also discuss the future direction of IPDGC and our stated research priorities for the next decade.
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7
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Abstract
Recent advances suggest that the response of RNA metabolism to stress has an important role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementias and Alzheimer disease. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) control the utilization of mRNA during stress, in part through the formation of membraneless organelles termed stress granules (SGs). These structures form through a process of liquid-liquid phase separation. Multiple biochemical pathways regulate SG biology. The major signalling pathways regulating SG formation include the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) and eIF2α pathways, whereas the pathways regulating SG dispersion and removal are mediated by valosin-containing protein and the autolysosomal cascade. Post-translational modifications of RBPs also strongly contribute to the regulation of SGs. Evidence indicates that SGs are supposed to be transient structures, but the chronic stresses associated with ageing lead to chronic, persistent SGs that appear to act as a nidus for the aggregation of disease-related proteins. We suggest a model describing how intrinsic vulnerabilities within the cellular RNA metabolism might lead to the pathological aggregation of RBPs when SGs become persistent. This process might accelerate the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases and myopathies, and it suggests new targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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8
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Tahmasebi S, Khoutorsky A, Mathews MB, Sonenberg N. Translation deregulation in human disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 19:791-807. [PMID: 30038383 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in sequencing and high-throughput techniques have provided an unprecedented opportunity to interrogate human diseases on a genome-wide scale. The list of disease-causing mutations is expanding rapidly, and mutations affecting mRNA translation are no exception. Translation (protein synthesis) is one of the most complex processes in the cell. The orchestrated action of ribosomes, tRNAs and numerous translation factors decodes the information contained in mRNA into a polypeptide chain. The intricate nature of this process renders it susceptible to deregulation at multiple levels. In this Review, we summarize current evidence of translation deregulation in human diseases other than cancer. We discuss translation-related diseases on the basis of the molecular aberration that underpins their pathogenesis (including tRNA dysfunction, ribosomopathies, deregulation of the integrated stress response and deregulation of the mTOR pathway) and describe how deregulation of translation generates the phenotypic variability observed in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Tahmasebi
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael B Mathews
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Zhou ZD, Selvaratnam T, Lee JCT, Chao YX, Tan EK. Molecular targets for modulating the protein translation vital to proteostasis and neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:6. [PMID: 30740222 PMCID: PMC6360798 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, which is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta concomitant with Lewy body formation in affected brain areas. The detailed pathogenic mechanisms underlying the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD are unclear, and no drugs or treatments have been developed to alleviate progressive dopaminergic neuron degeneration in PD. However, the formation of α-synuclein-positive protein aggregates in Lewy body has been identified as a common pathological feature of PD, possibly stemming from the consequence of protein misfolding and dysfunctional proteostasis. Proteostasis is the mechanism for maintaining protein homeostasis via modulation of protein translation, enhancement of chaperone capacity and the prompt clearance of misfolded protein by the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy. Deregulated protein translation and impaired capacities of chaperone or protein degradation can disturb proteostasis processes, leading to pathological protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in PD. In recent years, multiple molecular targets in the modulation of protein translation vital to proteostasis and dopaminergic neuron degeneration have been identified. The potential pathophysiological and therapeutic significance of these molecular targets to neurodegeneration in PD is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong Zhou
- 1Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore.,3Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thevapriya Selvaratnam
- 1Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Ji Chao Tristan Lee
- 1Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Yin Xia Chao
- 1Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- 1Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore.,2Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore.,3Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, Singapore
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Lunati A, Lesage S, Brice A. The genetic landscape of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018; 174:628-643. [PMID: 30245141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown in most patients. Since 1997, with the first genetic mutation known to cause PD described in SNCA gene, many other genes with Mendelian inheritance have been identified. We summarize genetic, clinical and neuropathological findings related to the 27 genes reported in the literature since 1997, associated either with autosomal dominant (AD): LRRK2, SNCA, VPS35, GCH1, ATXN2, DNAJC13, TMEM230, GIGYF2, HTRA2, RIC3, EIF4G1, UCHL1, CHCHD2, and GBA; or autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance: PRKN, PINK1, DJ1, ATP13A2, PLA2G6, FBXO7, DNAJC6, SYNJ1, SPG11, VPS13C, PODXL, and PTRHD1; or an X-linked transmission: RAB39B. Clinical and neuropathological variability among genes is great. LRRK2 mutation carriers present a phenotype similar to those with idiopathic PD whereas, depending on the SNCA mutations, the phenotype ranges from early onset typical PD to dementia with Lewy bodies, including many other atypical forms. DNAJC6 nonsense mutations lead to a very severe phenotype whereas DNAJC6 missense mutations cause a more typical form. PRKN, PINK1 and DJ1 cases present with typical early onset PD with slow progression, whereas other AR genes present severe atypical Parkinsonism. RAB39B is responsible for a typical phenotype in women and a variable phenotype in men. GBA is a major PD risk factor often associated with dementia. A growing number of reported genes described as causal genes (DNAJC13, TMEM230, GIGYF2, HTRA2, RIC3, EIF4G1, UCHL1, and CHCHD2) are still awaiting replication or indeed have not been replicated, thus raising questions as to their pathogenicity. Phenotypic data collection and next generation sequencing of large numbers of cases and controls are needed to differentiate pathogenic dominant mutations with incomplete penetrance from rare, non-pathogenic variants. Although known genes cause a minority of PD cases, their identification will lead to a better understanding their pathological mechanisms, and may contribute to patient care, genetic counselling, prognosis determination and finding new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lunati
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne université, institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Lesage
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne université, institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - A Brice
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne université, institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France.
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11
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Chew EG, Foo JN, Tan EK. Identifying genes in Parkinson disease: state of the art. Med J Aust 2018; 208:381-382. [PMID: 29764346 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Gy Chew
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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12
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Martin I. Decoding Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis: The Role of Deregulated mRNA Translation. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 6:17-27. [PMID: 26889638 PMCID: PMC4927901 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in a number of genes cause rare familial forms of Parkinson’s disease and provide profound insight into potential mechanisms governing disease pathogenesis. Recently, a role for translation and metabolism of mRNA has emerged in the development of various neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD). In PD, preliminary evidence supports a role for aberrant translation in the disease process stemming from mutations in several genes. Translation control is central to maintaining organism homeostasis under variable environmental conditions and deregulation of this may predispose to certain stressors. Hypothetically, deregulated translation may be detrimental to neuronal viability in PD through the misexpression of a subset of transcripts or through the impact of excessive bulk translation on energy consumption and burden on protein homeostatic mechanisms. While compelling preliminary evidence exists to support a role for translation in PD, much more work is required to identify specific mechanisms linking altered translation to the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Martin
- Correspondence to: Ian Martin, PhD Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research Parkinson Center of Oregon Department of Neurology - Mail Code L623 Oregon Health and Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Tel.: +1 503 494 9140; Fax: +1 503 494 7358; E-mail:
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13
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What lysosomes actually tell us about Parkinson's disease? Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:140-149. [PMID: 26947123 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder of unknown origin mainly characterized by the loss of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of intraneuronal proteinaceous inclusions called Lewy bodies. Lysosomes are dynamic organelles that degrade, in a controlled manner, cellular components delivered via the secretory, endocytic, autophagic and phagocytic membrane-trafficking pathways. Increasing amounts of evidence suggest a central role of lysosomal impairment in PD aetiology. This review provides an update on how genetic evidence support this connection and highlights how the neuropathologic and mechanistic evidence might relate to the disease process in sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease. Finally, we discuss the influence of ageing on lysosomal impairment and PD aetiology and therapeutic strategies targeting lysosomal function.
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Lill CM. Genetics of Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:386-396. [PMID: 27818248 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost two decades after the identification of SNCA as the first causative gene in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the subsequent understanding that genetic factors play a substantial role in PD development, our knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying this disease has vastly improved. Approximately 5-10% of patients suffer from a monogenic form of PD where autosomal dominant mutations in SNCA, LRRK2, and VPS35 and autosomal recessive mutations in PINK1, DJ-1, and Parkin cause the disease with high penetrance. Furthermore, recent whole-exome sequencing have described autosomal recessive DNAJC6 mutations in predominately atypical, but also cases with typical PD. In addition, several other genes have been linked to atypical Parkinsonian phenotypes. However, the vast majority of PD is genetically complex, i.e. it is caused by the combined action of common genetic variants in concert with environmental factors. By the application of genome-wide association studies, 26 PD risk loci have been established to date. Similar to other genetically complex diseases, these show only moderate effects on PD risk. Increasing this etiologic complexity, many of the involved genetic and environmental risk factors likely interact in an intricate fashion. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge in PD genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Lill
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Str. 1, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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15
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Olszewska DA, McCarthy A, Lynch T. Commentary: Parkinson's Disease Genes VPS35 and EIF4G1 Interact Genetically and Converge on α-Synuclein. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:162. [PMID: 27147954 PMCID: PMC4834707 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana A. Olszewska
- Department of Neurology, Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | | | - Tim Lynch
- Department of Neurology, Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae HospitalDublin, Ireland
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