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Arnaldi D, Mattioli P, Raffa S, Pardini M, Massa F, Iranzo A, Perissinotti A, Niñerola-Baizán A, Gaig C, Serradell M, Muñoz-Lopetegi A, Mayà G, Liguori C, Fernandes M, Placidi F, Chiaravalloti A, Šonka K, Dušek P, Zogala D, Trnka J, Boeve BF, Miyagawa T, Lowe VJ, Miyamoto T, Miyamoto M, Puligheddu M, Figorilli M, Serra A, Hu MT, Klein JC, Bes F, Kunz D, De Cock VC, de Verbizier D, Plazzi G, Antelmi E, Terzaghi M, Bossert I, Kulcsárová K, Martino A, Giuliani A, Pagani M, Nobili F, Morbelli S. Presynaptic Dopaminergic Imaging Characterizes Patients with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Due to Synucleinopathy. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:1178-1192. [PMID: 38466158 PMCID: PMC11102309 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To apply a machine learning analysis to clinical and presynaptic dopaminergic imaging data of patients with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) to predict the development of Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). METHODS In this multicenter study of the International RBD study group, 173 patients (mean age 70.5 ± 6.3 years, 70.5% males) with polysomnography-confirmed RBD who eventually phenoconverted to overt alpha-synucleinopathy (RBD due to synucleinopathy) were enrolled, and underwent baseline presynaptic dopaminergic imaging and clinical assessment, including motor, cognitive, olfaction, and constipation evaluation. For comparison, 232 RBD non-phenoconvertor patients (67.6 ± 7.1 years, 78.4% males) and 160 controls (68.2 ± 7.2 years, 53.1% males) were enrolled. Imaging and clinical features were analyzed by machine learning to determine predictors of phenoconversion. RESULTS Machine learning analysis showed that clinical data alone poorly predicted phenoconversion. Presynaptic dopaminergic imaging significantly improved the prediction, especially in combination with clinical data, with 77% sensitivity and 85% specificity in differentiating RBD due to synucleinopathy from non phenoconverted RBD patients, and 85% sensitivity and 86% specificity in discriminating PD-converters from DLB-converters. Quantification of presynaptic dopaminergic imaging showed that an empirical z-score cutoff of -1.0 at the most affected hemisphere putamen characterized RBD due to synucleinopathy patients, while a cutoff of -1.0 at the most affected hemisphere putamen/caudate ratio characterized PD-converters. INTERPRETATION Clinical data alone poorly predicted phenoconversion in RBD due to synucleinopathy patients. Conversely, presynaptic dopaminergic imaging allows a good prediction of forthcoming phenoconversion diagnosis. This finding may be used in designing future disease-modifying trials. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1178-1192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Mattioli
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Raffa
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Massa
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alex Iranzo
- Neurology Service, Sleep Disorder Centre, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andres Perissinotti
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Biomedical Research Networking Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Niñerola-Baizán
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Biomedical Research Networking Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Gaig
- Neurology Service, Sleep Disorder Centre, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Serradell
- Neurology Service, Sleep Disorder Centre, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Muñoz-Lopetegi
- Neurology Service, Sleep Disorder Centre, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Mayà
- Neurology Service, Sleep Disorder Centre, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Liguori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Sleep Medicine Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Placidi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Sleep Medicine Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Chiaravalloti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Karel Šonka
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dušek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Zogala
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Trnka
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Toji Miyagawa
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Tomoyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyamoto
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Sleep Disorder Center, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michela Figorilli
- Sleep Disorder Center, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Serra
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele T. Hu
- Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes C. Klein
- Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Frederik Bes
- Clinic of Sleep & Chronomedicine, St. Hedwig-Hospital, Berlin Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Sleep Research & Clinical Chronobiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Kunz
- Clinic of Sleep & Chronomedicine, St. Hedwig-Hospital, Berlin Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Sleep Research & Clinical Chronobiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Valérie Cochen De Cock
- Sleep and neurology department, Beau Soleil Clinic, Montpellier, France
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Antelmi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Terzaghi
- Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Bossert
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Kristína Kulcsárová
- Department of Neurology, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alessio Martino
- Department of Business and Management, LUISS University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pagani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Zhi Y, Chen M, Zhou C, Yang Y, Huang Y, Liang X, Wang P, Cheng X, Mao C, Jiang Z, Dai Y, Peng B, Zhu J. Quantifying cerebral blood flow changes using arterial spin labeling: A comparative study of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson's disease. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 109:158-164. [PMID: 38520943 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been found to have changes in cerebral perfusion and overlap of some of the lesioned brain areas. However, a consensus regarding the specific location and diagnostic significance of these cerebral blood perfusion alternations remains elusive in both iRBD and PD. The present study evaluated the patterns of cerebral blood flow changes in iRBD and PD. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 59 right-handed subjects were enrolled, including 15 patients with iRBD, 20 patients with PD, and 24 healthy controls (HC). They were randomly divided into groups at a ratio of 4 to 1 for training and testing. A PASL sequence was employed to obtain quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps. The CBF values were calculated from these acquired maps. In addition, AutoGluon was employed to construct a classifier for CBF features selection and classification. An independent t-test was performed for CBF variations, with age and sex as nuisance variables. The performance of the feature was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered significant. CBF in several brain regions, including the left median cingulate and paracingulate gyri and the right middle occipital gyrus (MOG), showed significant differences between PD and HC, demonstrating good classification performance. The combined model that integrates all features achieved even higher performance with an AUC of 0.9380. Additionally, CBF values in multiple brain regions, including the right MOG and the left angular gyrus, displayed significant differences between PD and iRBD. Particularly, CBF values in the left angular gyrus exhibited good performance in classifying PD and iRBD. The combined model achieved improved performance, with an AUC of 0.8533. No significant differences were found in brain regions when comparing CBF values between iRBD and HC subjects. CONCLUSIONS ASL-based quantitative CBF change features can offer reliable biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis of PD. Regarding the characteristic of CBF in the right MOG, it is anticipated to serve as an imaging biomarker for predicting the progression of iRBD to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhi
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshen Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Yongxu Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Innovation, Neusoft Medical Systems Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Ping Wang
- Neuroimaging Innovation Center Barrow Neurological Institute 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjie Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yakang Dai
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiangtao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China.
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Savoie FA, Arpin DJ, Vaillancourt DE. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Nuclear Imaging of Parkinsonian Disorders: Where do we go from here? Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1583-1605. [PMID: 37533246 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230801140648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonian disorders are a heterogeneous group of incurable neurodegenerative diseases that significantly reduce quality of life and constitute a substantial economic burden. Nuclear imaging (NI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have played and continue to play a key role in research aimed at understanding and monitoring these disorders. MRI is cheaper, more accessible, nonirradiating, and better at measuring biological structures and hemodynamics than NI. NI, on the other hand, can track molecular processes, which may be crucial for the development of efficient diseasemodifying therapies. Given the strengths and weaknesses of NI and MRI, how can they best be applied to Parkinsonism research going forward? This review aims to examine the effectiveness of NI and MRI in three areas of Parkinsonism research (differential diagnosis, prodromal disease identification, and disease monitoring) to highlight where they can be most impactful. Based on the available literature, MRI can assist with differential diagnosis, prodromal disease identification, and disease monitoring as well as NI. However, more work is needed, to confirm the value of MRI for monitoring prodromal disease and predicting phenoconversion. Although NI can complement or be a substitute for MRI in all the areas covered in this review, we believe that its most meaningful impact will emerge once reliable Parkinsonian proteinopathy tracers become available. Future work in tracer development and high-field imaging will continue to influence the landscape for NI and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix-Antoine Savoie
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David J Arpin
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Dodet P. REM behavior disorder: When Parkinson's disease meets Morpheus. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:667-674. [PMID: 37598085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by the absence of normal muscle atonia during REM sleep, resulting in excessive motor activity while dreaming. RBD can be classified as isolated which is the strongest clinical marker of prodromal synucleinopathy, or secondary, associated with other neurological diseases, mainly Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. The diagnosis of RBD must be systematically documented by a video polysomnography in the case of isolated RBD. PD associated with RBD may represent a distinct phenotype compared to PD without RBD, indicating a more severe and widespread synucleinopathy. Clinically, it is associated with poorer motor and cognitive performance, more severe non-motor symptoms, and faster disease progression. Imaging studies have revealed broader brain damage and significant alterations in cerebral metabolism and neurotransmission in PD patients with RBD. The management of RBD involves safety precautions and pharmacotherapy. Safety measures aim to minimize the risk of injury during RBD episodes and include creating a safe sleeping environment and separating the patient from their bed partner if necessary. Pharmacotherapy options include clonazepam and melatonin. Clonazepam must be cautiously prescribed in older patients due to potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dodet
- Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, Centre de Référence National des Narcolepsies et Hypersomnies rares, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Sorbonne (AP-HP-Sorbonne), Hôpital la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, Inserm U1227, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.
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Domenicale C, Magnabosco S, Morari M. Modeling Parkinson's disease in LRRK2 rodents. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220040. [PMID: 37601008 PMCID: PMC10432857 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Sporadic PD and LRRK2 PD share main clinical and neuropathological features, namely hypokinesia, degeneration of nigro-striatal dopamine neurons and α-synuclein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies. Animals harboring the most common LRRK2 mutations, i.e. p.G2019S and p.R1441C/G, have been generated to replicate the parkinsonian phenotype and investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Disappointingly, however, LRRK2 rodents did not consistently phenocopy hypokinesia and nigro-striatal degeneration, or showed Lewy body-like aggregates. Instead, LRRK2 rodents manifested non-motor signs and dysregulated transmission at dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic synapses that are reminiscent of behavioral and functional network changes observed in the prodromal phase of the disease. LRRK2 rodents also manifested greater susceptibility to different parkinsonian toxins or stressors when subjected to dual-hit or multiple-hit protocols, confirming LRRK2 mutations as genetic risk factors. In conclusion, LRRK2 rodents represent a unique tool to identify the molecular mechanisms through which LRRK2 modulates the course and clinical presentations of PD and to study the interplay between genetic, intrinsic and environmental protective/risk factors in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Domenicale
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Magnabosco
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Wang C, Zhou C, Guo T, Jiaerken Y, Yang S, Xu X, Hu L, Huang P, Xu X, Zhang M. Current coffee consumption is associated with decreased striatal dopamine transporter availability in Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls. BMC Med 2023; 21:272. [PMID: 37491235 PMCID: PMC10369815 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee is the most widely consumed psychostimulant worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that coffee consumption habit significantly reduces the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effect of coffee consumption on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration is still largely unknown. We therefore aim to investigate the role of coffee consumption in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration using dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in PD and healthy controls (HC). METHODS A total of 138 PD patients and 75 HC with questionnaires about coffee consumption, and DAT scans were recruited from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort. Demographic, clinical, and striatal DAT characteristics were compared across subgroups of current, former, and never coffee consumers in PD and HC, respectively. Furthermore, partial correlation analyses were performed to determine whether there was a relationship between coffee cups consumed per day and striatal DAT characteristics in each striatal region. In addition, the factors that may have influenced the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons were included in multiple linear regression analyses to identify significant contributing factors to DAT availability in each striatal region. RESULTS PD patients had lower DAT availability in each striatal region than HC (p < 0.001). In PD patients, there were significant differences in DAT availability in the caudate (p = 0.008, Bonferroni corrected) across three PD subgroups. Specifically, post hoc tests showed that current coffee consumers had significantly lower DAT availability in the caudate than former coffee consumers (p = 0.01) and never coffee consumers (p = 0.022). In HC, there were significant differences in DAT availability in the caudate (p = 0.031, Bonferroni uncorrected) across three HC subgroups. Specifically, post hoc tests showed that current coffee consumers had significantly lower DAT availability in the caudate than former coffee consumers (p = 0.022). Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that cups per day were negatively correlated with DAT availability in the caudate in current consumers of PD patients (r = - 0.219, p = 0.047). In addition, multiple linear regression analyses showed that current coffee consumption remained an independent predictor of decreased DAT availability in the caudate in PD patients and HC. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that current coffee consumption is associated with decreased striatal DAT availability in the caudate. However, the effects of caffeine on striatal DAT may fade and disappear after quitting coffee consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01141023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaopei Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
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Sleep and wakefulness disturbances in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis on prevalence and clinical aspects of REM sleep behavior disorder, excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 68:101759. [PMID: 36708642 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disorders (SDs) are common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) with wide variability in their prevalence rates. The etiology of SDs in PD is multifactorial because the degenerative processes underlying the disease and their interaction with drugs and clinical features may promote REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and insomnia. Therefore, we designed a meta-analytic study to provide a reliable estimate of the prevalence and associated clinical and neuropsychiatric aspects of SDs in PD. A systematic literature search was performed up to February 2022. Pooled RBD prevalence was 46%, and its occurrence was associated with older age, lower education, longer disease duration, higher levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), worse motor and autonomic manifestations, poorer quality of life and autonomy, and more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. The pooled prevalence of EDS was 35% and was associated with older age, longer disease duration, worse motor and autonomic symptoms, higher LEDD, reduced autonomy, and more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Insomnia was reported in 44% of PD patients and was related to longer disease duration, higher LEDD, and more severe depression. SDs are associated with a more severe PD clinical phenotype; further studies should explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SDs and develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Valli M, Uribe C, Mihaescu A, Strafella AP. Neuroimaging of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and its relation to Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1815-1833. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaeel Valli
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, UHN University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Carme Uribe
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Alexander Mihaescu
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, UHN University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Antonio P. Strafella
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, UHN University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program & Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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Patriat R, Pisharady PK, Amundsen-Huffmaster S, Linn-Evans M, Howell M, Chung JW, Petrucci MN, Videnovic A, Holker E, De Kam J, Tuite P, Lenglet C, Harel N, MacKinnon CD. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac027. [PMID: 35310831 PMCID: PMC8924652 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Parkinson’s disease who have elevated muscle activity during rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep without atonia) typically have a worse motor and cognitive impairment compared with those with normal muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep. This study used tract-based spatial statistics to compare diffusion MRI measures of fractional anisotropy, radial, mean and axial diffusivity (measures of axonal microstructure based on the directionality of water diffusion) in white matter tracts between people with Parkinson’s disease with and without rapid eye movement sleep without atonia and controls and their relationship to measures of motor and cognitive function. Thirty-eight individuals with mild-to-moderate Parkinson’s disease and 21 matched control subjects underwent ultra-high field MRI (7 T), quantitative motor assessments of gait and bradykinesia and neuropsychological testing. The Parkinson’s disease cohort was separated post hoc into those with and without elevated chin or leg muscle activity during rapid eye movement sleep based on polysomnography findings. Fractional anisotropy was significantly higher, and diffusivity significantly lower, in regions of the corpus callosum, projection and association white matter pathways in the Parkinson’s group with normal rapid eye movement sleep muscle tone compared with controls, and in a subset of pathways relative to the Parkinson’s disease group with rapid eye movement sleep without atonia. The Parkinson’s disease group with elevated rapid eye movement sleep muscle tone showed significant impairments in the gait and upper arm speed compared with controls and significantly worse scores in specific cognitive domains (executive function, visuospatial memory) compared with the Parkinson’s disease group with normal rapid eye movement sleep muscle tone. Regression analyses showed that gait speed and step length in the Parkinson’s disease cohort were predicted by measures of fractional anisotropy of the anterior corona radiata, whereas elbow flexion velocity was predicted by fractional anisotropy of the superior corona radiata. Visuospatial memory task performance was predicted by the radial diffusivity of the posterior corona radiata. These findings show that people with mild-to-moderate severity of Parkinson’s disease who have normal muscle tone during rapid eye movement sleep demonstrate compensatory-like adaptations in axonal microstructure that are associated with preserved motor and cognitive function, but these adaptations are reduced or absent in those with increased rapid eye movement sleep motor tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Patriat
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Correspondence to: Rémi Patriat, PhD 2021 6th Street S.E. Minneapolis MN 55455 USA E-mail:
| | - Pramod K. Pisharady
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Maria Linn-Evans
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Howell
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jae Woo Chung
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Erin Holker
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joshua De Kam
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul Tuite
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christophe Lenglet
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Noam Harel
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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10
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Jiang X, Pan Y, Zhu S, Wang Y, Gu R, Jiang Y, Shen B, Zhu J, Xu S, Yan J, Dong J, Zhang W, Xiao C, Zhang L. Alterations of Regional Homogeneity in Parkinson's Disease with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2967-2978. [PMID: 36570022 PMCID: PMC9785149 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s384752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in Parkinson's disease (PD-RBD) tend to have poor cognitive performance and faster cognitive deterioration, and the potential mechanism is still ambiguous. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the alterations in local brain function in PD-RBD. METHODS Fifty patients, including 23 patients with PD-RBD and 27 patients with PD without RBD (PD-nRBD), and 26 healthy controls were enrolled. All subjects were subjected to one-night polysomnography and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The fMRI images of the three groups were analyzed by regional homogeneity (ReHo) to observe the local neural activity. Correlations between altered ReHo values and chin electromyographic (EMG) density scores and cognitive scores in the PD subgroups were assessed. RESULTS Compared with the patients with PD-nRBD, the patients with PD-RBD had higher ReHo values in the frontal cortex (the right superior frontal gyrus, the right middle frontal gyrus and the left medial superior frontal gyrus), the right caudate nucleus and the right anterior cingulate gyrus, and compared with the HCs, the patients with PD-RBD had lower ReHo values in the bilateral cuneus, the bilateral precuneus, the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left inferior occipital gyrus. For the patients with PD-RBD, the phasic chin EMG density scores were positively correlated with the ReHo values in the left medial superior frontal gyrus, and the tonic chin EMG density scores were positively correlated with the ReHo values in the right anterior cingulate gyrus. CONCLUSION This study indicates that increased ReHo in the frontal cortex, the caudate nucleus and the anterior cingulate gyrus may be linked with the abnormal motor behaviors during REM sleep and that decreased ReHo in the posterior regions may be related to the visuospatial-executive function in patients with PD-RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxin Gu
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulan Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingde Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Matzaras R, Shi K, Artemiadis A, Zis P, Hadjigeorgiou G, Rominger A, Bassetti CLA, Bargiotas P. Brain Neuroimaging of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:69-83. [PMID: 34806615 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND REM-sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia and a common comorbidity in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is evidence that the presence of RBD is associated with more severe PD. The differences in the clinical manifestations and the natural history are likely to imply underlying differences in the pathophysiology among PD patients with and without RBD. The increasing number of neuroimaging studies support this notion. OBJECTIVE Our primary objective was to review the current evidence regarding the brain neuroimaging findings in PD patients with RBD (PDRBD). METHODS A systematic review of articles, published in PubMed between January 1, 2000 and September 23, 2020 was performed. We evaluate previous studies that assessed PD patients with RBD using various brain structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and brain nuclear medicine imaging. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies, involving a total of 3,347 PD subjects among which 912 subjects with PDRBD, met the selection criteria and were included. The presence of RBD in PD patients is associated with structural and functional alterations in several brain regions, mainly in brainstem, limbic structures, frontotemporal cortex, and basal ganglia, raising the hypothesis of a PDRBD neuroimaging phenotype. CONCLUSION The current review provides up-to-date knowledge in this field and summarizes the neurobiological/neuroimaging substrate of RBD in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafail Matzaras
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artemios Artemiadis
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Zis
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio L A Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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VMAT2 availability in Parkinson's disease with probable REM sleep behaviour disorder. Mol Brain 2021; 14:165. [PMID: 34758845 PMCID: PMC8579554 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) can be an early non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with pathology involving mainly the pontine nuclei. Beyond the brainstem, it is unclear if RBD patients comorbid with PD have more affected striatal dopamine denervation compared to PD patients unaffected by RBD (PD-RBD−). To elucidate this, we evaluated the availability of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), an index of nigrostriatal dopamine innervation, in 15 PD patients with probable RBD (PD-RBD+), 15 PD-RBD−, and 15 age-matched healthy controls (HC) using [11C]DTBZ PET imaging. This technique measured VMAT2 availability within striatal regions of interest (ROI). A mixed effect model was used to compare the radioligand binding of VMAT2 between the three groups for each striatal ROI, while co-varying for sex, cognitive function and depression scores. Multiple regressions were also computed to predict clinical measures from group condition and VMAT2 binding within all ROIs explored. We observed a significant main effect of group condition on VMAT2 availability within the caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamus. Specifically, our results revealed that PD-RBD+ had lower VMAT2 availability compared to HC in all these regions except for the subthalamus and substantia nigra, while PD-RBD− was significantly lower than HC in all these regions. PD-RBD− showed a negative relationship between motor severity and VMAT2 availability within the left caudate. Our findings reflect that both PD patient subgroups had similar denervation within the nigrostriatal pathway. There were no significant interactions detected between radioligand binding and clinical scores in PD-RBD+. Taken together, VMAT2 and striatal dopamine denervation in general may not be a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of RBD in PD patients. Future studies are encouraged to explore other underlying neural chemistry mechanisms contributing to RBD in PD patients.
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13
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Palermo G, Giannoni S, Bellini G, Siciliano G, Ceravolo R. Dopamine Transporter Imaging, Current Status of a Potential Biomarker: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11234. [PMID: 34681899 PMCID: PMC8538800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of current clinical research in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the validation and standardization of biomarkers enabling early diagnosis, predicting outcomes, understanding PD pathophysiology, and demonstrating target engagement in clinical trials. Molecular imaging with specific dopamine-related tracers offers a practical indirect imaging biomarker of PD, serving as a powerful tool to assess the status of presynaptic nigrostriatal terminals. In this review we provide an update on the dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in PD and translate recent findings to potentially valuable clinical practice applications. The role of DAT imaging as diagnostic, preclinical and predictive biomarker is discussed, especially in view of recent evidence questioning the incontrovertible correlation between striatal DAT binding and nigral cell or axon counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Palermo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Sara Giannoni
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
- Unit of Neurology, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Empoli, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bellini
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Unit of Neurology, Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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14
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Arnaldi D, Mattioli P, Famà F, Girtler N, Brugnolo A, Pardini M, Donniaquio A, Massa F, Orso B, Raffa S, Bauckneht M, Morbelli S, Nobili F. Stratification Tools for Disease-Modifying Trials in Prodromal Synucleinopathy. Mov Disord 2021; 37:52-61. [PMID: 34533239 PMCID: PMC9292414 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dopamine transporter single photon‐emission computed tomography (DAT‐SPECT) is the strongest risk factor for phenoconversion in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM)‐sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). However, it might be used as a second‐line stratification tool in clinical trials, because it is expensive and mini‐invasive. Objective Aim of the study is to investigate whether other cost‐effective and non‐invasive biomarkers may be proposed as first‐line stratification tools. Methods Forty‐seven consecutive iRBD patients (68.53 ± 7.16 years, 40 males) underwent baseline clinical and neuropsychological assessment, olfaction test, resting electroencephalogram (EEG), and DAT‐SPECT. All patients underwent 6 month‐based clinical follow‐up to investigate the emergence of parkinsonism and/or dementia. Survival analysis and Cox regression were used to estimate conversion risk. Results Seventeen patients developed an overt synucleinopathy (eight Parkinsonism and nine dementia) 32.8 ± 22 months after diagnosis. The strongest risk factors were putamen specific to non‐displaceable binding ratio (SBR) (hazard ratio [HR], 7.3), attention/working memory cognitive function (NPS‐AT/WM) (HR, 5.9), EEG occipital mean frequency (HR, 2.7) and clinical motor assessment (HR, 2.3). On multivariate Cox‐regression analysis, only putamen SBR and NPS‐AT/WM significantly contributed to the model (HR, 6.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–19.8). At post‐hoc analysis, the trail‐making test B (TMT‐B) was the single most efficient first‐line stratification tool that allowed to reduce the number of eligible subjects to 76.6% (sensitivity 1, specificity 0.37). Combining TMT‐B and DAT‐SPECT further reduced the sample to 66% (sensitivity 0.88, specificity 0.47). Conclusion The TMT‐B seems to be a cost‐effective and efficient first‐line screening tool, to be used to select patients that deserve DAT‐SPECT as second‐line screening tool for disease‐modifying clinical trials. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Mattioli
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Famà
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Girtler
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Brugnolo
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Donniaquio
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Massa
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Orso
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Raffa
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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15
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Neurochemical Features of Rem Sleep Behaviour Disorder. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090880. [PMID: 34575657 PMCID: PMC8468296 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic deficiency, shown by many studies using functional neuroimaging with Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), is the most consistent neurochemical feature of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and, together with transcranial ultrasonography, and determination of alpha-synuclein in certain tissues, should be considered as a reliable marker for the phenoconversion of idiopathic RBD (iRBD) to a synucleopathy (Parkinson’s disease –PD- or Lewy body dementia -LBD). The possible role in the pathogenesis of RBD of other neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, acetylcholine, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters; hormones such as melatonin, and proinflammatory factors have also been suggested by recent reports. In general, brain perfusion and brain glucose metabolism studies have shown patterns resembling partially those of PD and LBD. Finally, the results of structural and functional MRI suggest the presence of structural changes in deep gray matter nuclei, cortical gray matter atrophy, and alterations in the functional connectivity within the basal ganglia, the cortico-striatal, and the cortico-cortical networks, but they should be considered as preliminary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, C/Marroquina 14, 3 B, E28030 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-636968395; Fax: +34-913280704
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, C/Marroquina 14, 3 B, E28030 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena García-Martín
- UNEx, ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology, E10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- UNEx, ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology, E10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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16
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Wasserman D, Bindman D, Nesbitt AD, Cash D, Milosevic M, Francis PT, Chaudhuri KR, Leschziner GD, Ferini-Strambi L, Ballard C, Eccles A, Rosenzweig I. Striatal Dopaminergic Deficit and Sleep in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Behaviour Disorder: An Explorative Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1-9. [PMID: 33447113 PMCID: PMC7802085 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s267037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is increasingly recognised as an important precursor disease state of alpha-synucleinopathies. This parasomnia is characterized by a history of recurrent nocturnal dream enactment behaviour, loss of skeletal muscle atonia, and increased phasic muscle activity during REM sleep. Neuroimaging studies of striatal dopamine transporter uptake tracer signaling suggest increasing dopaminergic deficit across the continuum of the alpha-synucleinopathies, with early sleep dysfunction suggestive of early caudate dysfunction. Henceforth, we set out to investigate the relationship between early sleep changes and the striatal dopaminergic availability in iRBD. METHODS Twelve patients with iRBD, who had undergone a video polysomnography and a neuroimaging assessment of striatal dopamine transporter (DaT) uptake tracer signaling, and 22 matched controls who had similarly undergone a video polysomnography were retrospectively identified. Data were statistically analyzed to identify altered sleep parameters and correlate them with striatal dopamine transporter uptake tracer signaling. RESULTS The iRBD patients exhibited an increased number of periodic limb movements during sleep (P=0.001), compared to 22 age-matched healthy subjects. In addition, several significant links were found between regional DaT-uptakes and sleep architecture. Correlational analyses suggested a strong positive association between sleep fragmentation and dopamine deficiency in left caudate (r=-0.630, P=0.028), whilst an increased uptake in the whole striatum was strongly linked to the sleep efficiency, and to a lesser degree to the length of sleep duration. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a close relationship between dopaminergic availability in striatum and the quality of sleep in iRBD. Taken together, our exploratory findings suggest that subtle but functionally significant striatal changes in early stages of iRBD may contribute to the further shaping of sleep architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Wasserman
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dorothea Bindman
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander D Nesbitt
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Headache Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Diana Cash
- BRAIN, Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Milan Milosevic
- School of Public Health "Andrija Stampar", University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paul T Francis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Movement Disorders Unit, King's College Hospital, Department of Clinical and Basic Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guy D Leschziner
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Amy Eccles
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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17
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Arnaldi D, Famà F, Girtler N, Brugnolo A, Pardini M, Mattioli P, Meli R, Massa F, Orso B, Sormani MP, Donegani MI, Bauckneht M, Morbelli S, Nobili F. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: A proof-of-concept neuroprotection study for prodromal synucleinopathies. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:1210-1217. [PMID: 33275819 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To explore the feasibility of a neuroprotection trial in prodromal synucleinopathy, using idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) as the target population and 123 I-FP-CIT-SPECT as a biomarker of disease progression. METHODS Consecutive iRBD patients were randomly assigned to a treatment arm receiving selegiline and symptomatic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder treatment, or to a control arm receiving symptomatic treatment only. Selegiline was chosen because of a demonstrated neuroprotection effect in animal models. Patients underwent 123 I-FP-CIT-SPECT at baseline and after 30 months on average. The clinical outcome was the emergence of parkinsonism and/or dementia. A repeated-measures general linear model (GLM) was applied using group (control and treatment) as "between" factor, and both time (baseline and follow-up) and regions (123 I-FP-CIT-SPECT putamen and caudate uptake) as the "within" factors, adjusting for age. RESULTS Thirty iRBD patients completed the study (68.2 ± 6.9 years; 29 males; 21% dropout rate), 13 in the treatment arm, and 17 in the control arm. At follow-up (29.8 ± 9.0 months), three patients in the control arm developed dementia and one parkinsonism, whereas two patients in the treatment arm developed parkinsonism. Both putamen and caudate uptake decreased over time in the control arm. In the treatment arm, only the putamen uptake decreased over time, whereas caudate uptake remained stable. GLM analysis demonstrated an effect of treatment on the 123 I-FP-CIT-SPECT uptake change, with a significant interaction between the effect of group, time, and regions (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS A 30-months neuroprotection study for prodromal synucleinopathy is feasible, using iRBD as the target population and 123 I-FP-CIT-SPECT as a biomarker of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Famà
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Girtler
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Brugnolo
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Mattioli
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Meli
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Massa
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Orso
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Isabella Donegani
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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18
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Mao J, Huang X, Yu J, Chen L, Huang Y, Tang B, Guo J. Association Between REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Neurol 2020; 11:577874. [PMID: 33240202 PMCID: PMC7677514 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.577874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is thought to be a prodromal symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). RBD is also thought to be involved in cognitive decline and dementia in PD. In PD, although the relationship between RBD and cognitive dysfunctions was confirmed by considerable studies, whether RBD was associated with distinct types of cognitive defects is worth of study. Objectives: This systematic review summarizes the evidence relating to cognitive dysfunction in PD patients with RBD (PD-RBD) and those without and explores their specificity to cognitive domains. Methods: A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed for 16 different cognitive domains, including global cognitive function, memory (long-term verbal recall, long-term verbal recognition, long-term visual recall, short-term spatial recall, and short-term verbal recall), executive function (general, fluid reasoning, generativity, shifting, inhibition, and updating), language, processing speed/complex attention/working memory, visuospatial/constructional ability, and psychomotor ability. The cognitive difference between the groups of patients was measured as a standardized mean difference (SMD, Cohen's d). PD-RBD patients were classified into Confirmed-RBD (definite diagnosis with polysomnography, PSG) and Probable-RBD (without PSG re-confirmation). In some domains, RBD patients could not be analyzed separately due to the exiguity of primary studies; this analysis refers to such RBD patients as "Mixed-RBD." Results: Thirty-nine studies with 6,695 PD subjects were finally included. Confirmed-RBD patients showed worse performance than those without in global cognitive function, long-term verbal recall, long-term verbal recognition, generativity, inhibition, shifting, language, and visuospatial/constructional ability; Probable-RBD, in global cognitive function and shifting; and Mixed-RBD, in long-term visual recall, short-term spatial recall, general executive function, and processing speed/complex attention/working memory. Conclusion: This meta-analysis strongly suggests a relationship between RBD, Confirmed-RBD in particular, and cognitive dysfunctions in PD patients. Early and routine screening by sensitive and targeted cognitive tasks is necessary for all PD-RBD patients because it may offer the therapeutic time window before they evolve to irreversible dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Mao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiurong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaming Yu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuqian Huang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Kim YE, Kim YJ, Hwang HS, Ma HI. REM sleep behavior disorder in early Parkinson's disease predicts the rapid dopaminergic denervation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 80:120-126. [PMID: 32987358 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in early Parkinson's disease (PD) predicts rapid progression of dopaminergic denervation. METHODS 123I-FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans were performed sequentially at baseline, 1 year, 2 years, and 4 years in 416 de novo patients with PD. RBD screening questionnaire scores >5 at baseline placed the participant in the likely-RBD group. Temporal changes in the specific binding ratio (SBR; caudate, putamen. sum of both, striatum) were compared between the likely-RBD and the non-likely-RBD groups for more or less affected striatum with a repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS Likely-RBD was reported in 37.7% of the drug-naïve PD patients at baseline. The likely-RBD and non-likely-RBD groups did not have significant differences in the baseline clinical features including gender, age, disease duration, UPDRS motor score, and striatal SBR. Striatal SBR decreased significantly over four years in both groups (P < .001). In the analysis of a more affected striatum, striatal SBR decreased significantly faster in the likely-RBD group than in the non-likely-RBD group (P < .05 for all), whereas it was not statistically significant for the less affected striatum. The mean striatal SBR value (mean value of both striata), especially the caudate SBR, indicated greater acceleration of denervation in the likely-RBD group than in the non-likely-RBD group over time (P < .05). CONCLUSION Likely-RBD in PD predicts accelerating dopaminergic denervation, thereby implicating it as a marker for a poor prognosis or distinctive subtype in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea; Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Yonsei University Hospital, Yonsei University, South Korea
| | - Hee Sung Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea.
| | - Hyeo-Il Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea; Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, South Korea.
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20
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Chung SJ, Lee JJ, Lee PH, Sohn YH. Emerging Concepts of Motor Reserve in Parkinson's Disease. J Mov Disord 2020; 13:171-184. [PMID: 32854486 PMCID: PMC7502292 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) explains the differences between individuals in their susceptibility to AD-related pathologies. An enhanced CR may lead to less cognitive deficits despite severe pathological lesions. Parkinson's disease (PD) is also a common neurodegenerative disease and is mainly characterized by motor dysfunction related to striatal dopaminergic depletion. The degree of motor deficits in PD is closely correlated to the degree of dopamine depletion; however, significant individual variations still exist. Therefore, we hypothesized that the presence of motor reserve (MR) in PD explains the individual differences in motor deficits despite similar levels of striatal dopamine depletion. Since 2015, we have performed a series of studies investigating MR in de novo patients with PD using the data of initial clinical presentation and dopamine transporter PET scan. In this review, we summarized the results of these published studies. In particular, some premorbid experiences (i.e., physical activity and education) and modifiable factors (i.e., body mass index and white matter hyperintensity on brain image studies) could modulate an individual's capacity to tolerate PD pathology, which can be maintained throughout disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jae Jung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Hasegawa H, Selway R, Gnoni V, Beniczky S, Williams SCR, Kryger M, Ferini-Strambi L, Goadsby P, Leschziner GD, Ashkan K, Rosenzweig I. The subcortical belly of sleep: New possibilities in neuromodulation of basal ganglia? Sleep Med Rev 2020; 52:101317. [PMID: 32446196 PMCID: PMC7679363 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Early studies posited a relationship between sleep and the basal ganglia, but this relationship has received little attention recently. It is timely to revisit this relationship, given new insights into the functional anatomy of the basal ganglia and the physiology of sleep, which has been made possible by modern techniques such as chemogenetic and optogenetic mapping of neural circuits in rodents and intracranial recording, functional imaging, and a better understanding of human sleep disorders. We discuss the functional anatomy of the basal ganglia, and review evidence implicating their role in sleep. Whilst these studies are in their infancy, we suggest that the basal ganglia may play an integral role in the sleep-wake cycle, specifically by contributing to a thalamo-cortical-basal ganglia oscillatory network in slow-wave sleep which facilitates neural plasticity, and an active state during REM sleep which enables the enactment of cognitive and emotional networks. A better understanding of sleep mechanisms may pave the way for more effective neuromodulation strategies for sleep and basal ganglia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harutomo Hasegawa
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), UK; Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard Selway
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Valentina Gnoni
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), UK; Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sandor Beniczky
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Meir Kryger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Peter Goadsby
- NIHR-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guy D Leschziner
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), UK; Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital (GSTT) & Clinical Neurosciences, KCL, UK
| | | | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), UK; Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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22
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Chung SJ, Lee HS, Yoo HS, Lee YH, Lee PH, Sohn YH. Patterns of striatal dopamine depletion in early Parkinson disease. Neurology 2020; 95:e280-e290. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate whether the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion on dopamine transporter (DAT) scans could provide information on the long-term prognosis in Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsWe enrolled 205 drug-naive patients with early-stage PD, who underwent18F-FP-CIT PET scans at initial assessment and received PD medications for 3 or more years. After quantifying the DAT availability in each striatal subregion, factor analysis was conducted to simplify the identification of striatal dopamine depletion patterns and to yield 4 striatal subregion factors. We assessed the effect of these factors on the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), wearing-off, freezing of gait (FOG), and dementia during the follow-up period (6.84 ± 1.80 years).ResultsThe 4 factors indicated which striatal subregions were relatively preserved: factor 1 (caudate), factor 2 (more-affected sensorimotor striatum), factor 3 (less-affected sensorimotor striatum), and factor 4 (anterior putamen). Cox regression analyses using the composite scores of these striatal subregion factors as covariates demonstrated that selective dopamine depletion in the sensorimotor striatum was associated with a higher risk for developing LID. Selective dopamine loss in the putamen, particularly in the anterior putamen, was associated with early development of wearing-off. Selective involvement of the anterior putamen was associated with a higher risk for dementia conversion. However, the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion did not affect the risk of FOG.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that the patterns of striatal dopaminergic denervation, which were estimated by the equation derived from the factor analysis, have a prognostic implication in patients with early-stage PD.
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23
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Miyamoto T, Miyamoto M, Numahata K, Onoue H, Akaiwa Y, Sairenchi T. Reduced dopamine transporter binding predicts early transition to Lewy body disease in Japanese patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. J Neurol Sci 2020; 414:116821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Arnaldi D, Meles SK, Giuliani A, Morbelli S, Renken RJ, Janzen A, Mayer G, Jonsson C, Oertel WH, Nobili F, Leenders KL, Pagani M. Brain Glucose Metabolism Heterogeneity in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 9:229-239. [PMID: 30741687 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) often precedes Parkinson's disease (PD) and other alpha-synucleinopathies. The aim of the study is to investigate brain glucose metabolism of patients with RBD and PD by means of a multidimensional scaling approach, using18F-FDG-PET as a biomarker of synaptic function. METHODS Thirty-six iRBD patients (64.1±6.5 y, 32 M), 72 PD patients, and 79 controls (65.6±9.4 y, 53 M) underwent brain 18F-FDG-PET. PD patients were divided according to the absence (PD, 32 subjects; 68.4±8.5 y, 15 M) or presence (PDRBD, 40 subjects; 71.8±6.6 y, 29 M) of RBD. 18F-FDG-PET scans were used to independently discriminate subjects belonging to four categories: controls (RBD no, PD no), iRBD (RBD yes, PD no), PD (RBD no, PD yes) and PDRBD (RBD yes, PD yes). RESULTS The discriminant analysis was moderately accurate in identifying the correct category. This is because the model mostly confounds iRBD and PD, thus the intermediate classes. Indeed, iRBD, PD and PDRBD were progressively located at increasing distance from controls and are ordered along a single dimension (principal coordinate analysis) indicating the presence of a single flux of variation encompassing both RBD and PD conditions. CONCLUSION Data-driven approach to brain 18F-FDG-PET showed only moderate discrimination between iRBD and PD patients, highlighting brain glucose metabolism heterogeneity among such patients. iRBD should be considered as a marker of an ongoing condition that may be picked-up in different stages across patients and thus express different brain imaging features and likely different clinical trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), Clinical Neurology, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sanne K Meles
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia Morbelli
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Nuclear Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italy
| | - Remco J Renken
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Geert Mayer
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Hephata Klinik, Schwalmstadt, Germany
| | - Cathrine Jonsson
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Imaging and Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, München, Germany
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), Clinical Neurology, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Klaus L Leenders
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Pagani
- Institutes of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, Italy.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Neurology and JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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25
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EANM practice guideline/SNMMI procedure standard for dopaminergic imaging in Parkinsonian syndromes 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:1885-1912. [PMID: 32388612 PMCID: PMC7300075 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This joint practice guideline or procedure standard was developed collaboratively by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI). The goal of this guideline is to assist nuclear medicine practitioners in recommending, performing, interpreting, and reporting the results of dopaminergic imaging in parkinsonian syndromes. Methods Currently nuclear medicine investigations can assess both presynaptic and postsynaptic function of dopaminergic synapses. To date both EANM and SNMMI have published procedural guidelines for dopamine transporter imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (in 2009 and 2011, respectively). An EANM guideline for D2 SPECT imaging is also available (2009). Since the publication of these previous guidelines, new lines of evidence have been made available on semiquantification, harmonization, comparison with normal datasets, and longitudinal analyses of dopamine transporter imaging with SPECT. Similarly, details on acquisition protocols and simplified quantification methods are now available for dopamine transporter imaging with PET, including recently developed fluorinated tracers. Finally, [18F]fluorodopa PET is now used in some centers for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism, although procedural guidelines aiming to define standard procedures for [18F]fluorodopa imaging in this setting are still lacking. Conclusion All these emerging issues are addressed in the present procedural guidelines for dopaminergic imaging in parkinsonian syndromes.
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26
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Hustad E, Aasly JO. Clinical and Imaging Markers of Prodromal Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:395. [PMID: 32457695 PMCID: PMC7225301 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) relies on the clinical effects of dopamine deficiency, including bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor, usually manifesting asymmetrically. Misdiagnosis is common, due to overlap of symptoms with other neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy, and only autopsy can definitively confirm the disease. Motor deficits generally appear when 50–60% of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are already lost, limiting the effectiveness of potential neuroprotective therapies. Today, we consider PD to be not just a movement disorder, but rather a complex syndrome non-motor symptoms (NMS) including disorders of sleep-wake cycle regulation, cognitive impairment, disorders of mood and affect, autonomic dysfunction, sensory symptoms and pain. Symptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers share non-motor features with individuals with sporadic PD, including hyposmia, constipation, impaired color discrimination, depression, and sleep disturbance. Following the assumption that the pre-symptomatic gene mutation carriers will eventually exhibit clinical symptoms, their neuroimaging results can be extended to the pre-symptomatic stage of PD. The long latent phase of PD, termed prodromal-PD, represents an opportunity for early recognition of incipient PD. Early recognition could allow initiation of possible neuroprotective therapies at a stage when therapies might be most effective. The number of markers with the sufficient level of evidence to be included in the MDS research criteria for prodromal PD have increased during the last 10 years. Here, we review the approach to prodromal PD, with an emphasis on clinical and imaging markers and report results from our neuroimaging study, a retrospective evaluation of a cohort of 39 participants who underwent DAT-SPECT scan as part of their follow up. The study was carried out to see if it was possible to detect subclinical signs in the preclinical (neurodegenerative processes have commenced, but there are no evident symptoms or signs) and prodromal (symptoms and signs are present, but are yet insufficient to define disease) stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldbjørg Hustad
- Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan O Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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27
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Cao R, Chen X, Xie C, Hu P, Wang K. Serial Dopamine Transporter Imaging of Nigrostriatal Function in Parkinson's Disease With Probable REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:349. [PMID: 32425747 PMCID: PMC7205005 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to confirm whether probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) is associated with a specific pattern of striatal dopamine depletion in an international, multicenter, prospective cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Two hundred and seventy de novo, drug-naïve patients with PD underwent dopamine transporter (DAT) single photon emission computed tomography with 123I-FP-CIT at baseline and 1, 2, and 4 years after the initial scan. The diagnosis of pRBD was based on the 10-item RBD Screening Questionnaire. Striatal DAT binding levels and their rates of decline were compared between patients with pRBD and those without. At baseline, patients in the PD-pRBD+ group showed lower striatal DAT binding in the caudate (which was more pronounced in the less-affected hemisphere) and in the putamen. During the 4-year follow-up, patients in the PD-pRBD+ group consistently exhibited greater DAT loss than patients in the PD-pRBD- group with comparable disease duration in all four striatal subregions. These patients also exhibited a more rapid decrease in DAT binding in the caudate and a less prominent interhemispheric asymmetry in the putamen. The distinct pattern of striatal DAT depletion may contribute to a more malignant phenotype of PD associated with RBD, specifically faster progression of motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Xingui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Chengjuan Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
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28
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Cao R, Chen X, Xing F, Xie C, Hu P, Wang K. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:757-763. [PMID: 32065438 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Cao
- Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Hefei China
| | - X. Chen
- Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Hefei China
| | - F. Xing
- Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Hefei China
| | - C. Xie
- Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Hefei China
| | - P. Hu
- Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Hefei China
| | - K. Wang
- Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Hefei China
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Iranzo A, Stefani A, Niñerola-Baizan A, Stokner H, Serradell M, Vilas D, Holzknecht E, Gaig C, Pavia J, Lomeña F, Reyes D, Seppi K, Santamaria J, Högl B, Tolosa E, Poewe W. Left-hemispheric predominance of nigrostriatal deficit in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology 2020; 94:e1605-e1613. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveUnilateral onset of parkinsonism due to nigrostriatal damage of the contralateral hemisphere is frequent in Parkinson disease (PD). There is evidence for a left-hemispheric bias of motor asymmetry in right-handed patients with PD indicating a hemispheric dominance. Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) constitutes the prodromal stage of PD and other synucleinopathies. To test the hypothesis that right-handed patients with IRBD exhibit left-hemispheric predominance of subclinical nigrostriatal dysfunction, we evaluated this aspect using neuroimaging instruments.MethodsIn 167 right-handed patients with IRBD without parkinsonism, we evaluated in each hemisphere the integrity of the striatal dopaminergic terminals by dopamine transporter (DAT)-SPECT and the substantia nigra echogenicity by transcranial sonography.ResultsDAT-SPECT showed lower specific binding ratio (SBR) in the left striatum and left caudate nucleus than in the right striatum and right caudate nucleus. The percentage of patients with lower SBR was greater in the left striatum and left caudate nucleus than in the right striatum and right caudate nucleus. In those who developed a synucleinopathy in <5 years from DAT-SPECT, there was a lower SBR in the left putamen and left caudate nucleus than in the right putamen and right caudate nucleus. Substantia nigra echogenic size was greater in the left than in the right side in patients with hyperechogenicity and among individuals who phenoconverted in <5 years from transcranial sonography.ConclusionRight-handed patients with IRBD exhibit left-hemispheric predominance of subclinical nigrostriatal dysfunction. In premotor PD, the neurodegenerative process begins asymmetrically, initially impairing the nigrostriatal system of the dominant hemisphere.
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Arnaldi D, Chincarini A, De Carli F, Famà F, Girtler N, Brugnolo A, Pardini M, Massa F, Meli R, Schenone C, Bauckneht M, Morbelli S, Nobili F. The fate of patients with REM sleep behavior disorder and mild cognitive impairment. Sleep Med 2020; 79:205-210. [PMID: 32451160 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate clinical and dopaminergic pre-synaptic brain imaging characteristics of subjects with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder (iRBD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to evaluate the combined predictive value of risk factors for short-term conversion to synucleinopathy. METHOD In sum, 44 polysomnography (PSG)-confirmed iRBD patients (68.5 ± 7.2 years; 38 males) underwent 123I-FP-CIT-SPECT, comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation, clinical examination and clinical follow-up every six months (30.6 ± 21.5 months). Step-wise logistic regression was applied to identify those features discriminating iRBD patients with (iRBD-MCI; n = 14) and without MCI (normal cognition [NC], iRBD-NC; n = 30). The risk of neurodegeneration was estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Predictors of phenoconversion were assessed with Cox proportional-hazards analysis, adjusting for age, gender and education. A generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to define the best combination of risk factors predicting conversion at follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, patients with iRBD-MCI showed reduced striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) specific to non-displaceable binding ratio (SBR) and more constipation compared with iRBD-NC patients (p < 0.0001). During the follow-up, 10 patients (22.7%) develop an overt synucleinopathy. GLM analysis showed that patients with orthostatic hypotension, non-motor experiences of daily living, reduced putaminal DAT-SPECT SBR, and cognitive impairment in verbal memory/visuoconstruction abilities were at higher risk of phenoconversion (Hazard Ratio [HR] 26.05; Sensitivity 90%; Specificity 100%; Accuracy 97.73%; Positive Predictive Value 100%; Negative Predictive Value 97.14%). CONCLUSIONS iRBD-MCI patients showed a more severe dopaminergic neuroimaging and clinical phenotype. Combining clinical and neuroimaging markers allowed to achieve excellent ability in identifying iRBD patients at high risk of developing a synucleinopathy within about three years from diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Chincarini
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Genoa Section, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Carli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Famà
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Girtler
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Brugnolo
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Massa
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Meli
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Schenone
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Iyer V, Vo Q, Mell A, Chinniah S, Zenerovitz A, Venkiteswaran K, Kunselman AR, Fang J, Subramanian T. Acute levodopa dosing around-the-clock ameliorates REM sleep without atonia in hemiparkinsonian rats. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 5:27. [PMID: 31815176 PMCID: PMC6884572 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep without atonia (RSWA), a marker of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), is frequently comorbid with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although rodent models are commonly used for studying PD, the neurobiological and behavioral correlates of RBD remain poorly understood. Therefore, we developed a behavior-based criteria to identify RSWA in the hemiparkinsonian rat model of PD. Video recordings of rats were analyzed, to develop a criteria consisting of behavioral signs that occurred during polysomnographically confirmed epochs of sleep-wake stages. The sleep-slouch, a postural shift of the body or head caused only by gravity, was identified as a unique behavioral sign of REM sleep onset and was altered in hemiparkinsonian rats during RSWA. There was a significant correlation between the behavior-based criteria and polysomnograms for all sleep-wake stages in control but not hemiparkinsonian rats indicating a deterioration of sleep-wake architecture in parkinsonism. We then tested the efficacy of levodopa in ameliorating RSWA using intermittent and around-the-clock (ATC) dosing regimens. ATC levodopa dosing at 4 mg/kg for 48 h caused a significant reduction of RSWA as measured by polysomnography and the behavioral-based criteria along with an amelioration of forelimb motor deficits. Our findings show that the phenomenological correlates of RSWA can be reliably characterized in the hemiparkinsonian rat model. ATC levodopa administration ameliorates RSWA in this model without deleterious consequences to the overall sleep-wake architecture and therapeutic benefits for parkinsonian motor deficits. These findings suggest that further study may allow for the application of a similar approach to treat RBD in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakh Iyer
- 1Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Quynh Vo
- 2Department of Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Anthony Mell
- 3Department of Neurology and Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Siven Chinniah
- 3Department of Neurology and Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Ashley Zenerovitz
- 3Department of Neurology and Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Kala Venkiteswaran
- 3Department of Neurology and Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Allen R Kunselman
- 4Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Jidong Fang
- 5Department of Psychiatry, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Thyagarajan Subramanian
- 3Department of Neurology and Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
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Pasquini J, Durcan R, Wiblin L, Gersel Stokholm M, Rochester L, Brooks DJ, Burn D, Pavese N. Clinical implications of early caudate dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:1098-1104. [PMID: 31079063 PMCID: PMC6817982 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-320157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although not typical of Parkinson's disease (PD), caudate dopaminergic dysfunction can occur in early stages of the disease. However, its frequency and longitudinal implications in large cohorts of recently diagnosed patients remain to be established. We investigated the occurrence of caudate dopaminergic dysfunction in the very early phases of PD (<2 years from diagnosis) using 123I-FP-CIT single photon emission CT and determined whether it was associated with the presence or subsequent development of cognitive impairment, depression, sleep and gait problems. METHODS Patients with PD and healthy controls were identified from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. We defined a clinically significant caudate dysfunction as 123I-FP-CIT binding <-2 SDs compared with the controls' mean and categorised three groups accordingly (no reduction, unilateral reduction, bilateral reduction). All statistical analyses were adjusted for mean putamen binding. RESULTS At baseline, 51.6% of 397 patients had normal caudate dopamine transporter binding, 26.0% had unilateral caudate involvement, 22.4% had bilaterally impaired caudate.Compared with those with a baseline normal caudate function, at the4-year follow-up patients with a baseline bilateral caudate involvement showed a higher frequency of cognitive impairment (p<0.001) and depression (p<0.001), and worse cognitive (p<0.001), depression (<0.05) and gait (<0.001) ratings. Significant caudate involvement was observed in 83.9% of the population after 4 years (unilateral 22.5%, bilateral 61.4%). CONCLUSIONS Early significant caudate dopaminergic denervation was found in half of the cases in the PPMI series. Baseline bilateral caudate involvement was associated with increased risk of developing cognitive impairment, depression and gait problems over the next 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology - Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rory Durcan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise Wiblin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Morten Gersel Stokholm
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David James Brooks
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Burn
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ferini-Strambi L, Fasiello E, Sforza M, Salsone M, Galbiati A. Neuropsychological, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging biomarkers for REM behavior disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:1069-1087. [PMID: 31277555 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1640603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a REM sleep parasomnia characterized by dream enacting behaviors allowed by the loss of physiological atonia during REM sleep. This disorder is recognized as a prodromal stage of neurodegenerative disease, in particular Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). Therefore, a timely identification of biomarkers able to predict an early conversion into neurodegeneration is of utmost importance. Areas covered: In this review, the authors provide updated evidence regarding the presence of neuropsychological, electrophysiological and neuroimaging markers in isolated RBD (iRBD) patients when the neurodegeneration is yet to come. Expert opinion: Cognitive profile of iRBD patients is characterized by the presence of impairment in visuospatial abilities and executive function that is observed in α-synucleinopathies. However, longitudinal studies showed that impaired executive functions, rather than visuospatial abilities, augmented conversion risk. Cortical slowdown during wake and REM sleep suggest the presence of an ongoing neurodegenerative process paralleled by cognitive decline. Neuroimaging findings showed that impairment nigrostriatal dopaminergic system might be a good marker to identify those patients at higher risk of short-term conversion. Although a growing body of evidence the identification of biomarkers still represents a critical issue in iRBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fasiello
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
| | - Marco Sforza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Salsone
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Andrea Galbiati
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
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Neuroimaging of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 144:185-210. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Liu H, Ou R, Wei Q, Hou Y, Cao B, Zhao B, Shang H. Rapid eye movement behavior disorder in drug-naïve patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 59:254-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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36
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Park KM, Lee HJ, Lee BI, Kim SE. Alterations of the brain network in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: structural connectivity analysis. Sleep Breath 2018; 23:587-593. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Bauckneht M, Chincarini A, De Carli F, Terzaghi M, Morbelli S, Nobili F, Arnaldi D. Presynaptic dopaminergic neuroimaging in REM sleep behavior disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 41:266-274. [PMID: 29784534 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The presence of polysomnography-confirmed REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is the stronger risk factor for having prodromal Parkinson disease (PD), followed by abnormal presynaptic dopaminergic radionuclide neuroimaging. Aim of the review is to conduct a meta-analysis of literature data regarding presynaptic dopaminergic neuroimaging in RBD. A literature search was conducted, resulting in 16 papers that met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and neuroimaging data were extracted. The studies are heterogeneous, especially for neuroimaging methodology. Two mathematical transformations were used to allow imaging data to be compared among studies. Tracer uptake progressively decreased from controls to idiopathic RBD and eventually PD patients with RBD at putamen level. Tracer uptake at caudate level overlapped between patients with idiopathic RBD and those with PD without RBD. These results support the hypothesis that idiopathic RBD patients are on the path to developing a synucleinopathy. The receiver operation characteristic analysis found good to excellent discrimination capability between all groups. Presynaptic dopaminergic neuroimaging may be a key feature in the stratification of subjects to be included in neuroprotective trials. However, literature data are heterogeneous. Multicentric, harmonized studies are needed to define the usefulness of presynaptic dopaminergic neuroimaging with the aim of testing neuroprotective trials for idiopathic RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chincarini
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Genoa Section, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Carli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Terzaghi
- Unit of Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
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Yousaf T, Pagano G, Wilson H, Politis M. Neuroimaging of Sleep Disturbances in Movement Disorders. Front Neurol 2018; 9:767. [PMID: 30323786 PMCID: PMC6141751 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep dysfunction is recognized as a distinct clinical manifestation in movement disorders, often reported early on in the disease course. Excessive daytime sleepiness, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and restless leg syndrome, amidst several others, are common sleep disturbances that often result in significant morbidity. In this article, we review the spectrum of sleep abnormalities across atypical Parkinsonian disorders including multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), as well as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). We also explore the current concepts on the neurobiological underpinnings of sleep disorders, including the role of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic pathways, by evaluating the molecular, structural and functional neuroimaging evidence based on several novel techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Based on the current state of research, we suggest that neuroimaging is an invaluable tool for assessing structural and functional correlates of sleep disturbances, harboring the ability to shed light on the sleep problems attached to the limited treatment options available today. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep and wake disruption heightens, novel therapeutic approaches are certain to transpire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyabah Yousaf
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Li M, Wang L, Liu JH, Zhan SQ. Relationships between Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Clinical Assessments, Biomarkers, and Treatment. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:966-973. [PMID: 29664058 PMCID: PMC5912064 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.229886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by dream enactment and loss of muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep. RBD is closely related to α-synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Many studies have investigated the markers of imaging and neurophysiological, genetic, cognitive, autonomic function of RBD and their predictive value for neurodegenerative diseases. This report reviewed the progress of these studies and discussed their limitations and future research directions. DATA SOURCES Using the combined keywords: "RBD", "neurodegenerative disease", "Parkinson disease", and "magnetic resonance imaging", the PubMed/MEDLINE literature search was conducted up to January 1, 2018. STUDY SELECTION A total of 150 published articles were initially identified citations. Of the 150 articles, 92 articles were selected after further detailed review. This study referred to all the important English literature in full. RESULTS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SCARB2 (rs6812193) and MAPT (rs12185268) were significantly associated with RBD. The olfactory loss, autonomic dysfunction, marked electroencephalogram slowing during both wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep, and cognitive impairments were potential predictive markers for RBD conversion to neurodegenerative diseases. Traditional structural imaging studies reported relatively inconsistent results, whereas reduced functional connectivity between the left putamen and substantia nigra and dopamine transporter uptake demonstrated by functional imaging techniques were relatively consistent findings. CONCLUSIONS More longitudinal studies should be conducted to evaluate the predictive value of biomarkers of RBD. Moreover, because the glucose and dopamine metabolisms are not specific for assessing cognitive cognition, the molecular metabolism directly related to cognition should be investigated. There is a need for more treatment trials to determine the effectiveness of interventions of RBD on preventing the conversion to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shu-Qin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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St Louis EK, Boeve AR, Boeve BF. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease and Other Synucleinopathies. Mov Disord 2018; 32:645-658. [PMID: 28513079 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is characterized by dream enactment and complex motor behaviors during rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep atonia loss (rapid eye movement sleep without atonia) during polysomnography. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder may be idiopathic or symptomatic and in both settings is highly associated with synucleinopathy neurodegeneration, especially Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, and pure autonomic failure. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder frequently manifests years to decades prior to overt motor, cognitive, or autonomic impairments as the presenting manifestation of synucleinopathy, along with other subtler prodromal "soft" signs of hyposmia, constipation, and orthostatic hypotension. Between 35% and 91.9% of patients initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder at a sleep center later develop a defined neurodegenerative disease. Less is known about the long-term prognosis of community-dwelling younger patients, especially women, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder associated with antidepressant medications. Patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder are frequently prone to sleep-related injuries and should be treated to prevent injury with either melatonin 3-12 mg or clonazepam 0.5-2.0 mg to limit injury potential. Further evidence-based studies about rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder are greatly needed, both to enable accurate prognostic prediction of end synucleinopathy phenotypes for individual patients and to support the application of symptomatic and neuroprotective therapies. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder as a prodromal synucleinopathy represents a defined time point at which neuroprotective therapies could potentially be applied for the prevention of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, and pure autonomic failure. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik K St Louis
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angelica R Boeve
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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de Natale ER, Niccolini F, Wilson H, Politis M. Molecular Imaging of the Dopaminergic System in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 141:131-172. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Arnaldi D, De Carli F, Famà F, Brugnolo A, Girtler N, Picco A, Pardini M, Accardo J, Proietti L, Massa F, Bauckneht M, Morbelli S, Sambuceti G, Nobili F. Prediction of cognitive worsening in de novo Parkinson's disease: Clinical use of biomarkers. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1738-1747. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Carli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology; National Research Council; Genoa Italy
| | - Francesco Famà
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Andrea Brugnolo
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Nicola Girtler
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Agnese Picco
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Jennifer Accardo
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Luca Proietti
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Federico Massa
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI); University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
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Bezdicek O, Nikolai T, Nepožitek J, Peřinová P, Kemlink D, Dušek P, Příhodová I, Dostálová S, Ibarburu V, Trnka J, Kupka K, Mecková Z, Keller J, Vymazal J, Růžička E, Šonka K, Dušek P. Prospective memory impairment in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:1019-1037. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1394493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Bezdicek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Nikolai
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Nepožitek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Peřinová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kemlink
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dušek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Příhodová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Dostálová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Ibarburu
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Trnka
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kupka
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Mecková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physics, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Keller
- Department of Radiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Vymazal
- Department of Radiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evžen Růžička
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šonka
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dušek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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44
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Iranzo A, Santamaría J, Valldeoriola F, Serradell M, Salamero M, Gaig C, Niñerola-Baizán A, Sánchez-Valle R, Lladó A, De Marzi R, Stefani A, Seppi K, Pavia J, Högl B, Poewe W, Tolosa E, Lomeña F. Dopamine transporter imaging deficit predicts early transition to synucleinopathy in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:419-428. [PMID: 28833467 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the usefulness of dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging to identify idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) patients at risk for short-term development of clinically defined synucleinopathy. METHODS Eighty-seven patients with polysomnography-confirmed IRBD underwent 123 I-FP-CIT DAT-SPECT. Results were compared to 20 matched controls without RBD who underwent DAT-SPECT. In patients, FP-CIT uptake was considered abnormal when values were two standard deviations below controls' mean uptake. After DAT-SPECT, patients were followed up during 5.7 ± 2.2 (range, 2.6-9.9) years. RESULTS Baseline DAT deficit was found in 51 (58.6%) patients. During follow-up, 25 (28.7%) subjects developed clinically defined synucleinopathy (Parkinson's disease in 11, dementia with Lewy bodies in 13, and multiple system atrophy in 1) with mean latency of 3.2 ± 1.9 years from imaging. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed increased risk of incident synucleinopathy in patients with abnormal DAT-SPECT than with normal DAT-SPECT (20% vs 6% at 3 years, 33% vs 18% at 5 years; log rank test, p = 0.006). Receiver operating characteristics curve revealed that reduction of FP-CIT uptake in putamen greater than 25% discriminated patients with DAT deficit who developed synucleinopathy from patients with DAT deficit that remained disease free after 3 years of follow-up. At 5-year follow-up, DAT-SPECT had 75% sensitivity, 51% specificity, 44% positive predictive value, 80% negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio 1.54 to predict synucleinopathy. INTERPRETATION DAT-SPECT identifies IRBD patients at short-term risk for synucleinopathy. Decreased FP-CIT putamen uptake greater than 25% predicts synucleinopathy after 3 years' follow-up. These observations may be useful to select candidates for disease modification trials in IRBD. Ann Neurol 2017;82:419-428.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Iranzo
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Santamaría
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Valldeoriola
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Serradell
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Salamero
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Gaig
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Niñerola-Baizán
- Biomedical Research Networking Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ambra Stefani
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Javier Pavia
- Biomedical Research Networking Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eduard Tolosa
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lomeña
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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45
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers to Assess Substantia Nigra Damage in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Sleep 2017; 40:4100780. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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46
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Chung SJ, Lee Y, Lee JJ, Lee PH, Sohn YH. Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and striatal dopamine depletion in patients with Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1314-1319. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Chung
- Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine SeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Neurology Myongji Hospital GoyangSouth Korea
| | - Y. Lee
- Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine SeoulSouth Korea
| | - J. J. Lee
- Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine SeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Neurology Ilsan Paik Hospital Inje University College of Medicine GoyangSouth Korea
| | - P. H. Lee
- Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine SeoulSouth Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Y. H. Sohn
- Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine SeoulSouth Korea
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47
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Rahayel S, Postuma RB, Montplaisir J, Bedetti C, Brambati S, Carrier J, Monchi O, Bourgouin PA, Gaubert M, Gagnon JF. Abnormal Gray Matter Shape, Thickness, and Volume in the Motor Cortico-Subcortical Loop in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Association with Clinical and Motor Features. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:658-671. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shady Rahayel
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christophe Bedetti
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Simona Brambati
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology, and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1A4, Canada
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Bourgouin
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada
| | - Malo Gaubert
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5, Canada
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Barber TR, Klein JC, Mackay CE, Hu MTM. Neuroimaging in pre-motor Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 15:215-227. [PMID: 28529878 PMCID: PMC5429242 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The process of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease begins long before the onset of clinical motor symptoms, resulting in substantial cell loss by the time a diagnosis can be made. The period between the onset of neurodegeneration and the development of motoric disease would be the ideal time to intervene with disease modifying therapies. This pre-motor phase can last many years, but the lack of a specific clinical phenotype means that objective biomarkers are needed to reliably detect prodromal disease. In recent years, recognition that patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) are at particularly high risk of future parkinsonism has enabled the development of large prodromal cohorts in which to investigate novel biomarkers, and neuroimaging has generated some of the most promising results to date. Here we review investigations undertaken in RBD and other pre-clinical cohorts, including modalities that are well established in clinical Parkinson's as well as novel imaging methods. Techniques such as high resolution MRI of the substantia nigra and functional imaging of Parkinsonian brain networks have great potential to facilitate early diagnosis. Further longitudinal studies will establish their true value in quantifying prodromal neurodegeneration and predicting future Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Barber
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Johannes C Klein
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Clare E Mackay
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA), University of Oxford, UK
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.
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49
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Arnaldi D, Antelmi E, St Louis EK, Postuma RB, Arnulf I. Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative risk: To tell or not to tell to the patient? How to minimize the risk? Sleep Med Rev 2016; 36:82-95. [PMID: 28082168 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most people with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) have an underlying synucleinopathy, mainly Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies, with median conversion time of 4-9 y from iRBD diagnosis and of 11-16 y from symptom onset. Subtle signs and imaging tests indicate concomitant neurodegeneration in widespread brain areas. Risk factor studies suggest that iRBD patients may have prior head injury, occupational farming, pesticide exposure, low education level and possibly more frequent family history of dream-enactment behavior (but not of PD), plus unexpected risk factors (smoking, ischemic heart disease and inhaled corticosteroid use). Unlike PD, caffeine and smoking appear not to have a protective role. Prior depression and antidepressant use may be early neurodegenerative signs rather than exclusively causative factors. Age, hyposmia, impaired color vision, abnormal dopaminergic imaging, mild cognitive impairment and possibly sleepiness, may identify patients at greater risk of more rapid conversion. The consensus is to generally disclose the neurodegenerative risk to patients (with the caveat that phenoconversion and its temporal course remain uncertain in individuals without "soft neurodegenerative signs" and those under 50 y of age), to suggest a healthy lifestyle and to take part in prospective cohort studies in anticipation of eventual neuroprotective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Antelmi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik K St Louis
- Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, APHP, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France.
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50
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Arnaldi D, Morbelli S, Brugnolo A, Girtler N, Picco A, Ferrara M, Accardo J, Buschiazzo A, de Carli F, Pagani M, Nobili F. Functional neuroimaging and clinical features of drug naive patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease and probable RBD. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 29:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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