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Dodge JC, Yu J, Sardi SP, Shihabuddin LS. Sterol auto-oxidation adversely affects human motor neuron viability and is a neuropathological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:803. [PMID: 33436868 PMCID: PMC7804278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant cholesterol homeostasis is implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neuromuscular disease that is due to motor neuron (MN) death. Cellular toxicity from excess cholesterol is averted when it is enzymatically oxidized to oxysterols and bile acids (BAs) to promote its removal. In contrast, the auto oxidation of excess cholesterol is often detrimental to cellular survival. Although oxidized metabolites of cholesterol are altered in the blood and CSF of ALS patients, it is unknown if increased cholesterol oxidation occurs in the SC during ALS, and if exposure to oxidized cholesterol metabolites affects human MN viability. Here, we show that in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS that several oxysterols, BAs and auto oxidized sterols are increased in the lumbar SC, plasma, and feces during disease. Similar changes in cholesterol oxidation were found in the cervical SC of sporadic ALS patients. Notably, auto-oxidized sterols, but not oxysterols and BAs, were toxic to iPSC derived human MNs. Thus, increased cholesterol oxidation is a manifestation of ALS and non-regulated sterol oxidation likely contributes to MN death. Developing therapeutic approaches to restore cholesterol homeostasis in the SC may lead to a treatment for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Dodge
- Rare and Neurological Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R+D, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Rare and Neurological Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R+D, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - S Pablo Sardi
- Rare and Neurological Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R+D, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Lamya S Shihabuddin
- Rare and Neurological Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R+D, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
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2
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Neutral Lipid Cacostasis Contributes to Disease Pathogenesis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9137-9147. [PMID: 33051352 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1388-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neuromuscular disease characterized by motor neuron (MN) death. Lipid dysregulation manifests during disease; however, it is unclear whether lipid homeostasis is adversely affected in the in the spinal cord gray matter (GM), and if so, whether it is because of an aberrant increase in lipid synthesis. Moreover, it is unknown whether lipid dysregulation contributes to MN death. Here, we show that cholesterol ester (CE) and triacylglycerol levels are elevated several-fold in the spinal cord GM of male sporadic ALS patients. Interestingly, HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, was reduced in the spinal cord GM of ALS patients. Increased cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) levels in ALS patients suggest that CE accumulation was driven by acyl group transfer from PC to cholesterol. Notably, Lyso-PC, a byproduct of CE synthesis, was toxic to human MNs in vitro Elevations in CE, triacylglycerol, and Lyso-PC were also found in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice, a model of ALS. Similar to ALS patients, a compensatory downregulation of cholesterol synthesis occurred in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice; levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2, a transcriptional regulator of cholesterol synthesis, progressively declined. Remarkably, overexpressing sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 in the spinal cord of normal mice to model CE accumulation led to ALS-like lipid pathology, MN death, astrogliosis, paralysis, and reduced survival. Thus, spinal cord lipid dysregulation in ALS likely contributes to neurodegeneration and developing therapies to restore lipid homeostasis may lead to a treatment for ALS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons that control muscular function progressively degenerate in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Lipid dysregulation is a feature of ALS; however, it is unclear whether disrupted lipid homeostasis (i.e., lipid cacostasis) occurs proximal to degenerating neurons in the spinal cord, what causes it, and whether it contributes to neurodegeneration. Here we show that lipid cacostasis occurs in the spinal cord gray matter of ALS patients. Lipid accumulation was not associated with an aberrant increase in synthesis or reduced hydrolysis, as enzymatic and transcriptional regulators of lipid synthesis were downregulated during disease. Last, we demonstrated that genetic induction of lipid cacostasis in the CNS of normal mice was associated with ALS-like lipid pathology, astrogliosis, neurodegeneration, and clinical features of ALS.
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3
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Piekarz KM, Bhaskaran S, Sataranatarajan K, Street K, Premkumar P, Saunders D, Zalles M, Gulej R, Khademi S, Laurin J, Peelor R, Miller BF, Towner R, Van Remmen H. Molecular changes associated with spinal cord aging. GeroScience 2020; 42:765-784. [PMID: 32144690 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) is a universal problem in the elderly. Our previous studies indicate that alpha motor neurons (α-MNs) play a critical role in this process. The goal of the current study is to uncover changes in the aging spinal cord that contribute to loss of innervation and the downstream degenerative processes that occur in skeletal muscle. The number of α-MNs is decreased in the spinal cord of wildtype mice during aging, beginning in middle age and reaching a 41% loss by 27 months of age. There is evidence for age-related loss of myelin and mild inflammation, including astrocyte and microglia activation and an increase in levels of sICAM-1. We identified changes in metabolites consistent with compromised neuronal viability, such as reduced levels of N-acetyl-aspartate. Cleaved caspase-3 is more abundant in spinal cord from old mice, suggesting that apoptosis contributes to neuronal loss. RNA-seq analysis revealed changes in the expression of a number of genes in spinal cord from old mice, in particular genes encoding extracellular matrix components (ECM) and a 172-fold increase in MMP-12 expression. Furthermore, blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability is increased in old mice, which may contribute to alterations in spinal cord homeostasis and exacerbate neuronal distress. Together, these data show for the first time that the spinal cord undergoes significant changes during aging, including progressive α-MNs loss that is associated with low-grade inflammation, apoptosis, changes in ECM, myelination, and vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Piekarz
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.,Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn Street
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Pavithra Premkumar
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Michelle Zalles
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.,Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shadi Khademi
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jaime Laurin
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rick Peelor
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rheal Towner
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.,Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA. .,Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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4
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Silveira EMS, Kroth A, Santos MCQ, Silva TCB, Silveira D, Riffel APK, Scheid T, Trapp M, Partata WA. Age-related changes and effects of regular low-intensity exercise on gait, balance, and oxidative biomarkers in the spinal cord of Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8429. [PMID: 31314852 PMCID: PMC6644524 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze age-related changes to motor coordination, balance, spinal cord oxidative biomarkers in 3-, 6-, 18-, 24-, and 30-month-old rats. The effects of low-intensity exercise on these parameters were also analyzed in 6-, 18-, and 24-month-old rats. Body weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were assessed for all rats. The soleus muscle weight/body weight ratio was used to estimate skeletal muscle mass loss. Body weight increased until 24 months; only 30-month-old rats exhibited decreased blood glucose and increased total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. The soleus muscle weight/body weight ratio increased until 18 months, followed by a small decrease in old rats. Exercise did not change any of these parameters. Stride length and step length increased from adult to middle age, but decreased at old age. Stride width increased while the sciatic functional index decreased in old rats. Performance in the balance beam test declined with age. While gait did not change, balance improved after exercise. Aging increased superoxide anion generation, hydrogen peroxide levels, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase activity while total thiol decreased and lipid hydroperoxides did not change. Exercise did not significantly change this scenario. Thus, aging increased oxidative stress in the spinal cord, which may be associated with age-induced changes in gait and balance. Regular low-intensity exercise is a good alternative for improving age-induced changes in balance, while beneficial effects on gait and spinal cord oxidative biomarkers cannot be ruled out because of the small number of rats investigated (n=5 or 6/group).
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Affiliation(s)
- E M S Silveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - A Kroth
- Área de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil
| | - M C Q Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - T C B Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - D Silveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - A P K Riffel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - T Scheid
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - M Trapp
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - W A Partata
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Combined Effect of Diosgenin Along with Ezetimibe or Atorvastatin on the Fate of Labelled Bile Acid and Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040627. [PMID: 30791676 PMCID: PMC6406618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effect of diosgenin, administered with atorvastatin or ezetimibe, on the fate of 3H(G)-taurocholic acid or 26-14C-cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic rats. Male Wistar rats received a hypercholesterolemic diet (HD), HD + atorvastatin (HD+ATV), HD + ezetimibe (HD+EZT), HD + diosgenin (HD+DG), HD+ATV+EZT, or HD+ATV+DG for 40 days. We also included a control normal group (ND). The labelled compounds were administered on day 30. The animals were placed in metabolic cages for daily feces collection. At day 40 the rats were sacrificed. Lipid extracts from blood, liver, spinal cord, testicles, kidneys, epididymis, intestine, and feces were analyzed for radioactivity. Cholesterol activity was the highest in the liver in HD rats. DG diminished one half of this activity in HD+DG and HD+ATV+DG groups in comparison with the HD group. HD+ATV rats showed four to almost ten-fold cholesterol activity in the spinal cord compared with the ND or HD rats. Fecal elimination of neutral steroids was approximately two-fold higher in the HD+DG and HD+ATV+DG groups. Taurocholic acid activity was four to ten-fold higher in HD+DG intestine as compared to the other experimental groups. Taurocholic activity in the liver of HD and HD+DG groups was two and a half higher than in ND. Our results show that the combination of DG and ATV induced the highest cholesterol reduction in the liver and other tissues.
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6
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Duchatel RJ, Meehan CL, Harms LR, Michie PT, Bigland MJ, Smith DW, Jobling P, Hodgson DM, Tooney PA. Increased complement component 4 (C4) gene expression in the cingulate cortex of rats exposed to late gestation immune activation. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:442-444. [PMID: 29588125 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Duchatel
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.
| | - Crystal L Meehan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.
| | - Lauren R Harms
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.
| | - Mark J Bigland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.
| | - Doug W Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.
| | - Phillip Jobling
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.
| | - Deborah M Hodgson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.
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7
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Finno CJ, Bordbari MH, Gianino G, Ming-Whitfield B, Burns E, Merkel J, Britton M, Durbin-Johnson B, Sloma EA, McMackin M, Cortopassi G, Rivas V, Barro M, Tran CK, Gennity I, Habib H, Xu L, Puschner B, Miller AD. An innate immune response and altered nuclear receptor activation defines the spinal cord transcriptome during alpha-tocopherol deficiency in Ttpa-null mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120. [PMID: 29526809 PMCID: PMC5940542 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mice with deficiency in tocopherol (alpha) transfer protein gene develop peripheral tocopherol deficiency and sensory neurodegeneration. Ttpa-/- mice maintained on diets with deficient α-tocopherol (α-TOH) had proprioceptive deficits by six months of age, axonal degeneration and neuronal chromatolysis within the dorsal column of the spinal cord and its projections into the medulla. Transmission electron microscopy revealed degeneration of dorsal column axons. We addressed the potential pathomechanism of α-TOH deficient neurodegeneration by global transcriptome sequencing within the spinal cord and cerebellum. RNA-sequencing of the spinal cord in Ttpa-/- mice revealed upregulation of genes associated with the innate immune response, indicating a molecular signature of microglial activation as a result of tocopherol deficiency. For the first time, low level Ttpa expression was identified in the murine spinal cord. Further, the transcription factor liver X receptor (LXR) was strongly activated by α-TOH deficiency, triggering dysregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. The aberrant activation of transcription factor LXR suppressed the normal induction of the transcription factor retinoic-related orphan receptor-α (RORA), which is required for neural homeostasis. Thus we find that α-TOH deficiency induces LXR, which may lead to a molecular signature of microglial activation and contribute to sensory neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Matthew H Bordbari
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Giuliana Gianino
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Brittni Ming-Whitfield
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Erin Burns
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Janel Merkel
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Monica Britton
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Erica A Sloma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Marissa McMackin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Victor Rivas
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Marietta Barro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Cecilia K Tran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Ingrid Gennity
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Hadi Habib
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
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Kougias DG, Das T, Perez AB, Pereira SL. A role for nutritional intervention in addressing the aging neuromuscular junction. Nutr Res 2018; 53:1-14. [PMID: 29804584 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to discuss the structural and physiological changes that underlie age-related neuromuscular dysfunction and to summarize current evidence on the potential role of nutritional interventions on neuromuscular dysfunction-associated pathways. Age-related neuromuscular deficits are known to coincide with distinct changes in the central and peripheral nervous system, in the neuromuscular system, and systemically. Although many features contribute to the age-related decline in neuromuscular function, a comprehensive understanding of their integration and temporal relationship is needed. Nonetheless, many nutrients and ingredients show promise in modulating neuromuscular output by counteracting the age-related changes that coincide with neuromuscular dysfunction. In particular, dietary supplements, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, creatine, and dietary phospholipids, demonstrate potential in ameliorating age-related neuromuscular dysfunction. However, current evidence seldom directly assesses neuromuscular outcomes and is not always in the context of aging. Additional clinical research studies are needed to confirm the benefits of dietary supplements on neuromuscular function, as well as to define the appropriate population, dosage, and duration for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Kougias
- Abbott Nutrition, Strategic Research, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition, Strategic Research, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | | | - Suzette L Pereira
- Abbott Nutrition, Strategic Research, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH, USA.
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9
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Galbavy W, Lu Y, Kaczocha M, Puopolo M, Liu L, Rebecchi MJ. Transcriptomic evidence of a para-inflammatory state in the middle aged lumbar spinal cord. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2017; 14:9. [PMID: 28413428 PMCID: PMC5390443 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported elevated expression of multiple pro-inflammatory markers in the lumbar spinal cord (LSC) of middle-aged male rats compared to young adults suggesting a para-inflammatory state develops in the LSC by middle age, a time that in humans is associated with the greatest pain prevalence and persistence. The goal of the current study was to examine the transcriptome-wide gene expression differences between young and middle aged LSC. METHODS Young (3 month) and middle-aged (17 month) naïve Fisher 344 rats (n = 5 per group) were euthanized, perfused with heparinized saline, and the LSC were removed. RESULTS ~70% of 31,000 coding sequences were detected. After normalization, ~ 1100 showed statistically significant differential expression. Of these genes, 353 middle-aged annotated genes differed by > 1.5 fold compared to the young group. Nearly 10% of these genes belonged to the microglial sensome. Analysis of this subset revealed that the principal age-related differential pathways populated are complement, pattern recognition receptors, OX40, and various T cell regulatory pathways consistent with microglial priming and T cell invasion and modulation. Many of these pathways substantially overlap those previously identified in studies of LSC of young animals with chronic inflammatory or neuropathic pain. CONCLUSIONS Up-modulation of complement pathway, microglial priming and activation, and T cell/antigen-presenting cell communication in healthy middle-aged LSC was found. Taken together with our previous work, the results support our conclusion that an incipient or para-inflammatory state develops in the LSC in healthy middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Galbavy
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
| | - Michelino Puopolo
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
| | - Mario J Rebecchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
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