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Nabizadeh F, Seyedmirzaei H, Rafiei N, Maryam Vafaei S, Shekouh D, Mehrtabar E, Mirzaaghazadeh E, Mirzaasgari Z. Global prevalence and incidence of Young Onset Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 125:59-67. [PMID: 38754241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of enough evidence regarding the epidemiology of Young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) which is needed by clinicians and healthcare policymakers. AIM Herein, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to estimate the global prevalence and incidence rates of YOPD. METHODS We searched the literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in May 2022. We included retrospective, prospective, cross-sectional observational population-based studies that reported the prevalence or incidence of PD in individuals younger than 40 years with known diagnostic criteria. RESULTS After two-step screening, 50 studies were eligible to be included in our study. The age-standardized prevalence of YOPD was 10.2 per 100,000 persons globally while it was 14.7 per 100,000 population in European countries. Age-standardized prevalence estimates for 5-year age bands showed that the YOPD prevalence estimates varied from 6.1 per 100,000 population in the group aged 20-24 to 16.1 per 100,000 population in the group aged 35-39. Also, the age-standardized incidence of YOPD was 1.3 per 100,000 person-years population worldwide and 1.2 per 100,000 person-years in the European population. CONCLUSION Based on this systematic review and meta-analysis, the overall prevalence of YOPD is 10.2 per 100,000 population, although estimates of the prevalence and incidence in low-income countries remain scarce. To improve monitoring and certain diagnoses of YOPD, healthcare providers and policymakers should be aware that much more effective tools are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Nabizadeh
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Homa Seyedmirzaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program (INRP) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Rafiei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Dorsa Shekouh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mehrtabar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Mirzaasgari
- Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mehanna R, Smilowska K, Fleisher J, Post B, Hatano T, Pimentel Piemonte ME, Kumar KR, McConvey V, Zhang B, Tan E, Savica R. Age Cutoff for Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease: Recommendations from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Early Onset Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:869-878. [PMID: 36247919 PMCID: PMC9547138 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD)/young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) is defined as Parkinson's disease (PD) with an age at onset (AAO) after age 21 years but before the usual AAO for PD. Consensus is lacking, and the reported maximal age for EOPD/YOPD has varied from 40 to 60 years, leading to a lack of uniformity in published studies and difficulty in harmonization of data. EOPD and YOPD have both been used in the literature, somewhat interchangeably. Objective To define the nomenclature and AAO cutoff for EOPD/YOPD. Methods An extensive review of the literature and task force meetings were conducted. Conclusions were reached by consensus. Results First, the literature has seen a shift from the use of YOPD toward EOPD. This seems motivated by an attempt to avoid age-related stigmatization of patients. Second, in defining EOPD, 56% of the countries use 50 or 51 years as the cutoff age. Third, the majority of international genetic studies in PD use an age cutoff of younger than 50 years to define EOPD. Fourth, many studies suggest that changes in the estrogen level can affect the predisposition to develop PD, making the average age at menopause of 50 years an important factor to consider when defining EOPD. Fifth, considering the differential impact of the AAO of PD on professional and social life, using 50 years as the upper cutoff for the definition of EOPD seems reasonable. Conclusions This task force recommends the use of EOPD rather than YOPD. It defines EOPD as PD with AAO after 21 years but before 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mehanna
- UTMove, Departement of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Katarzyna Smilowska
- Department of NeurologySilesian Center of NeurologyKatowicePoland
- Department of Neurology5th Regional HospitalSosnowiecPoland
| | - Jori Fleisher
- Department of Neurological SciencesRush University School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Bart Post
- Department of NeurologyRadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte
- Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy, and Occupational TherapyDepartment, Medical School, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Kishore Raj Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Eng‐King Tan
- Department of NeurologyNational Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingapore
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Li C, Ou R, Hou Y, Chen Y, Wei Q, Zhang L, Lin J, Liu K, Huang J, Chen X, Song W, Zhao B, Wu Y, Shang H. Rare Variant Analysis of PTRHD1 in Parkinson's Disease in the Chinese Population. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1917-1920. [PMID: 35848037 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous missense variants in PTRHD1 have been identified to cause parkinsonism by segregation analysis in families. Further replication in the Parkinson's disease (PD) population might provide additional insight. Here, we analyzed the rare variants in a Chinese PD cohort (Ncase = 1367, Ncontrol = 3298) with whole exome sequencing. We did not identify the variants described in previous studies, and no patient carried other homozygous or compound heterozygous variants of PTRHD1. Three rare variants were identified, but rare variants of PTRHD1 were not enriched in PD. Genetic screening suggested rare variants of PTRHD1 as disease cause were rare in PD in East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuncheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Al-Kasbi G, Al-Saegh A, Al-Qassabi A, Al-Jabry T, Zadjali F, Al-Yahyaee S, Al-Maawali A. Biallelic PTRHD1 Frameshift Variants Associated with Intellectual Disability, Spasticity, and Parkinsonism. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:1253-1257. [PMID: 34765690 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PTRHD1 was proposed as a disease-causing gene of intellectual disability, spasticity, and parkinsonism. Objectives To characterize the clinical phenotype and the molecular cause of intellectual disability in four affected individuals of a consanguineous family. Methods Clinical evaluation, whole-exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, immunoblot, and isoelectric focusing. Results A homozygous 28-nucleotide frameshift deletion introducing a premature stop codon in the PTRHD1 exon 1 was identified in the four affected members. We further confirmed the apparent transcript escape of the nonsense-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) decay pathway. Real-time PCR showed that mRNA expression of the mutant PTRHD1 is higher compared to the wild-type. Western blotting and isoelectric focusing identified a truncated, but stable mutant PTRHD1 protein expressed in the patient's primary cells. Conclusions We provide further evidence that PTRHD1 mutations are associated with autosomal-recessive childhood-onset intellectual disability associated with spasticity and parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Al-Kasbi
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Abeer Al-Saegh
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman.,Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Qassabi
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman
| | - Tariq Al-Jabry
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Said Al-Yahyaee
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
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Guadagnolo D, Piane M, Torrisi MR, Pizzuti A, Petrucci S. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Monogenic Parkinson Disease: A Review on Clinical and Molecular Findings. Front Neurol 2021; 12:648588. [PMID: 34630269 PMCID: PMC8494251 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.648588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, usually with multifactorial etiology. It is characterized by prominent movement disorders and non-motor symptoms. Movement disorders commonly include bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Non-motor symptoms can include behavior disorders, sleep disturbances, hyposmia, cognitive impairment, and depression. A fraction of PD cases instead is due to Parkinsonian conditions with Mendelian inheritance. The study of the genetic causes of these phenotypes has shed light onto common pathogenetic mechanisms underlying Parkinsonian conditions. Monogenic Parkinsonisms can present autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or even X-linked inheritance patterns. Clinical presentations vary from forms indistinguishable from idiopathic PD to severe childhood-onset conditions with other neurological signs. We provided a comprehensive description of each condition, discussing current knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlations. Despite the broad clinical spectrum and the many genes involved, the phenotype appears to be related to the disrupted cell function and inheritance pattern, and several assumptions about genotype-phenotype correlations can be made. The interest in these assumptions is not merely speculative, in the light of novel promising targeted therapies currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Guadagnolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto i Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto i Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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