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Khurana S, Vats A, Gourie-Devi M, Sharma A, Verma S, Faruq M, Dhawan U, Taneja V. Clinical and Genetic Analysis of A Father-Son Duo with Monomelic Amyotrophy: Case Report. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:983-988. [PMID: 38229655 PMCID: PMC10789418 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_609_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Monomelic Amyotrophy (MMA) is a rare neurological disorder restricted to one upper limb, predominantly affecting young males with an unknown aetiopathogenesis. We report a familial case of father-son duo affected by MMA. Whole exome sequencing identified genetic variations in SLIT1, RYR3 and ARPP21 involved in axon guidance, calcium homeostasis and regulation of calmodulin signaling respectively. This is the first attempt to define genetic modifiers associated with MMA from India and advocates to extend genetic screening to a larger cohort. Deciphering the functional consequences of variations in these genes will be crucial for unravelling the pathogenesis of MMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiffali Khurana
- Department of Biotechnology and Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Vats
- Department of Biotechnology and Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Mandaville Gourie-Devi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
- Department of Neurology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Ankkita Sharma
- Department of Neurophysiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sagar Verma
- Department of Biotechnology and Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Uma Dhawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vibha Taneja
- Department of Biotechnology and Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
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Wang H, Guan L, Deng M. Recent progress of the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and challenges of gene therapy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1170996. [PMID: 37250416 PMCID: PMC10213321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1170996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The causes of ALS are not fully understood. About 10% of ALS cases were associated with genetic factors. Since the discovery of the first familial ALS pathogenic gene SOD1 in 1993 and with the technology advancement, now over 40 ALS genes have been found. Recent studies have identified ALS related genes including ANXA11, ARPP21, CAV1, C21ORF2, CCNF, DNAJC7, GLT8D1, KIF5A, NEK1, SPTLC1, TIA1, and WDR7. These genetic discoveries contribute to a better understanding of ALS and show the potential to aid the development of better ALS treatments. Besides, several genes appear to be associated with other neurological disorders, such as CCNF and ANXA11 linked to FTD. With the deepening understanding of the classic ALS genes, rapid progress has been made in gene therapies. In this review, we summarize the latest progress on classical ALS genes and clinical trials for these gene therapies, as well as recent findings on newly discovered ALS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - LiPing Guan
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhang Z, Wu X, Yang J, Liu X, Liu R, Song Y. Highly efficient base editing in rabbit by using near-PAMless engineered CRISPR/Cas9 variants. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:635-638. [PMID: 36125667 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtian Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuning Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Tsai PC, Jih KY, Shen TY, Liu YH, Lin KP, Liao YC, Lee YC. Genetic and Functional Analysis of Glycosyltransferase 8 Domain-Containing Protein 1 in Taiwanese Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e627. [PMID: 34746377 PMCID: PMC8569617 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To investigate the frequency, spectrum, and molecular functional effect of glycosyltransferase 8 domain-containing protein 1 (GLT8D1) variations in Taiwanese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods We performed genetic analyses of GLT8D1 in 410 unrelated patients with ALS by Sanger sequencing. The 410 patients were selected from a cohort of 477 unrelated patients with ALS after excluding variations in common ALS disease genes. Functional effects of the GLT8D1 variation were investigated by in vitro functional analysis. Results We identified a novel heterozygous missense variation in GLT8D1, p.I290M (c.870C>G), in 1 single patient with familial ALS. The patient with the p.I290M variation had a spinal-onset ALS with disease onset at age 60 years and a survival of 6 years. Functional studies demonstrated that the variant I290M GLT8D1 protein was mislocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), provoked ER stress and unfolded protein response, compromised the glycosyltransferase activity, and led to an increased cytotoxicity. Discussion GLT8D1 variations account for 0.2% (1/477) of the patients with ALS in Taiwan. These findings expand the spectrum of GLT8D1 variation and support the pathogenic role of GLT8D1 variations in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Neurology (K.-Y.J., Y.-H.L., K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, School of Medicine; Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei; Department of Life Sciences (P.-C.T., T.-Y.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yang Jih
- Department of Neurology (K.-Y.J., Y.-H.L., K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, School of Medicine; Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei; Department of Life Sciences (P.-C.T., T.-Y.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Shen
- Department of Neurology (K.-Y.J., Y.-H.L., K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, School of Medicine; Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei; Department of Life Sciences (P.-C.T., T.-Y.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology (K.-Y.J., Y.-H.L., K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, School of Medicine; Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei; Department of Life Sciences (P.-C.T., T.-Y.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kon-Ping Lin
- Department of Neurology (K.-Y.J., Y.-H.L., K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, School of Medicine; Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei; Department of Life Sciences (P.-C.T., T.-Y.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology (K.-Y.J., Y.-H.L., K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, School of Medicine; Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei; Department of Life Sciences (P.-C.T., T.-Y.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology (K.-Y.J., Y.-H.L., K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Neurology (K.-P.L., Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, School of Medicine; Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Lee), National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei; Department of Life Sciences (P.-C.T., T.-Y.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071012. [PMID: 34202494 PMCID: PMC8300638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with the progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to a fatal paralysis. According to whether there is a family history of ALS, ALS can be roughly divided into two types: familial and sporadic. Despite decades of research, the pathogenesis of ALS is still unelucidated. To this end, we review the recent progress of ALS pathogenesis, biomarkers, and treatment strategies, mainly discuss the roles of immune disorders, redox imbalance, autophagy dysfunction, and disordered iron homeostasis in the pathogenesis of ALS, and introduce the effects of RNA binding proteins, ALS-related genes, and non-coding RNA as biomarkers on ALS. In addition, we also mention other ALS biomarkers such as serum uric acid (UA), cardiolipin (CL), chitotriosidase (CHIT1), and neurofilament light chain (NFL). Finally, we discuss the drug therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell-exosomal therapy for ALS, attempting to find new therapeutic targets and strategies. A challenge is to study the various mechanisms of ALS as a syndrome. Biomarkers that have been widely explored are indispensable for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ALS. Moreover, the development of new genes and targets is an urgent task in this field.
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