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Cepero-Escribano V, Cerda-Company X, León-Cabrera P, Olivé G, Cucurell D, Gasa-Roqué A, Gabarrós A, Naval-Baudin P, Camins À, Rico I, Fernández-Coello A, Sierpowska J, Rodríguez-Fornells A. Can the knight capture the queen? The role of supramarginal gyrus in chess rule-retrieval as evidenced by a novel combined awake brain mapping and fMRI protocol. Cortex 2024; 178:235-244. [PMID: 39047332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Brain tumours represent a burden for society, not only due to the risks they entail but also because of the possibility of losing relevant cognitive functions for the patient's life after their resection. In the present study, we report how we monitored chess performance through a multimodal Electrical Stimulation Mapping (ESM) - functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) combined protocol. The ESM was performed under a left parietal lobe tumour resection surgery on a patient that expressed the desire to preserve his chess playing ability post-operative. We designed an ad-hoc protocol to evaluate processes involved in chess performance that could be potentially affected by the tumour location: (i) visual search, (ii) rule-retrieval, and (iii) anticipation of checkmate. The fMRI study reported functional regions for chess performance, some of them proximal to the lesion in the left parietal lobe. The most relevant result was a positive eloquent point encountered in the vicinity of the left supramarginal gyrus while performing the rule-retrieval task in the ESM. This functional region was convergent with the activations observed in the pre-operative fMRI study for this condition. The behavioural assessment comparison revealed post-operative an increase in reaction time in some tasks but correctness in performance was maintained. Finally, the patient maintained the ability to play chess after the surgery. Our results provide a plausible protocol for future interventions and suggest a role of the left supramarginal gyrus in chess cognitive operations for the case presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Cepero-Escribano
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Computer Vision Centre (CVC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xim Cerda-Company
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Computer Vision Centre (CVC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Computer Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Patricia León-Cabrera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Area of Psychology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Olivé
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - David Cucurell
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - Anna Gasa-Roqué
- Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurology Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Gabarrós
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Naval-Baudin
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge, Translational Imaging Biomarkers Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Camins
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge, Translational Imaging Biomarkers Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Rico
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurology Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Coello
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanna Sierpowska
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Ren Y, Brown TI. Beyond the ears: A review exploring the interconnected brain behind the hierarchical memory of music. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:507-530. [PMID: 37723336 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Music is a ubiquitous element of daily life. Understanding how music memory is represented and expressed in the brain is key to understanding how music can influence human daily cognitive tasks. Current music-memory literature is built on data from very heterogeneous tasks for measuring memory, and the neural correlates appear to differ depending on different forms of memory function targeted. Such heterogeneity leaves many exceptions and conflicts in the data underexplained (e.g., hippocampal involvement in music memory is debated). This review provides an overview of existing neuroimaging results from music-memory related studies and concludes that although music is a special class of event in our lives, the memory systems behind it do in fact share neural mechanisms with memories from other modalities. We suggest that dividing music memory into different levels of a hierarchy (structural level and semantic level) helps understand overlap and divergence in neural networks involved. This is grounded in the fact that memorizing a piece of music recruits brain clusters that separately support functions including-but not limited to-syntax storage and retrieval, temporal processing, prediction versus reality comparison, stimulus feature integration, personal memory associations, and emotion perception. The cross-talk between frontal-parietal music structural processing centers and the subcortical emotion and context encoding areas explains why music is not only so easily memorable but can also serve as strong contextual information for encoding and retrieving nonmusic information in our lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Ren
- Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Science, School of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Thackery I Brown
- Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Science, School of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Baurès R, Leblond S, Dewailly A, Cherubini M, Subramanian LD, Kearney JK, Durand JB, Roux FE. Should I stay or should I go? The cerebral bases of street-crossing decision. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25279. [PMID: 38284833 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
An observer willing to cross a street must first estimate if the approaching cars offer enough time to safely complete the task. The brain areas supporting this perception, known as Time-To-Contact (TTC) perception, have been mainly studied through noninvasive correlational approaches. We carried out an experiment in which patients were tested during an awake brain surgery electrostimulation mapping to examine the causal implication of various brain areas in the street-crossing decision process. Forty patients were tested in a gap acceptance task before their surgery to establish a baseline performance. The task was individually adapted upon this baseline level and carried out during their surgery. We acquired and normalized to MNI space the coordinates of the functional areas that influenced task performance. A total of 103 stimulation sites were tested, allowing to establish a large map of the areas involved in the street-crossing decision. Multiple sites were found to impact the gap acceptance decision. A direct implication was however found mostly for sites within the right parietal lobe, while indirect implication was found for sites within the language, motor, or attentional networks. The right parietal lobe can be considered as causally influencing the gap acceptance decision. Other positive sites were all accompanied with dysfunction in other cognitive functions, and therefore should probably not be considered as the site of TTC estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Baurès
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Solène Leblond
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Dewailly
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Marta Cherubini
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Franck Emmanuel Roux
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Pôle Neurosciences (Neurochirurgie), Centres Hospitalo-Universitaires, Toulouse, France
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4
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Qin K, Liu Y, Liu S, Li Y, Li Y, You X. Neural mechanisms for integrating time and visual velocity cues in a prediction motion task: An fNIRS study. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14425. [PMID: 37602557 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Human beings use accurate estimates of the time-to-collision of moving objects effortlessly in everyday life. In the laboratory, researchers typically apply prediction motion (PM) tasks to investigate motion processing. In the PM tasks, time structure refers to the ratio of travel time between the visible segment (first segment) and occluded segment (second segment). The condition of T = 1.0, which indicates that the time spent moving is the same across the two segments, is called equal time structure. The present study investigated the neural mechanisms of time and visual velocity information in prediction motion using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Experiment 1 showed that when visual velocity was not available, participants performed better in equal time structure conditions than in unequal time structure conditions. Moreover, the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) showed higher activation under equal time structure conditions. Experiment 2 showed that participants also performed better in equal time structure conditions when visual velocity was available. Both the left IPL and superior parietal lobe (SPL) exhibited stronger activation under equal time structure conditions in Experiment 2. A comparison between the two experiments showed that participants integrated time structure and visual velocity to estimate arrival time of the moving object. The fNIRS data indicated that the left SPL could be involved in information integration when judging arrival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyuan Qin
- School of Public Administration/ School of Emergency Management, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Saifang Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuqun You
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Lukarski D, Petkoski S, Ji P, Stankovski T. Delta-alpha cross-frequency coupling for different brain regions. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:103126. [PMID: 37844293 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural interactions occur on different levels and scales. It is of particular importance to understand how they are distributed among different neuroanatomical and physiological relevant brain regions. We investigated neural cross-frequency couplings between different brain regions according to the Desikan-Killiany brain parcellation. The adaptive dynamic Bayesian inference method was applied to EEG measurements of healthy resting subjects in order to reconstruct the coupling functions. It was found that even after averaging over all subjects, the mean coupling function showed a characteristic waveform, confirming the direct influence of the delta-phase on the alpha-phase dynamics in certain brain regions and that the shape of the coupling function changes for different regions. While the averaged coupling function within a region was of similar form, the region-averaged coupling function was averaged out, which implies that there is a common dependence within separate regions across the subjects. It was also found that for certain regions the influence of delta on alpha oscillations is more pronounced and that oscillations that influence other are more evenly distributed across brain regions than the influenced oscillations. When presenting the information on brain lobes, it was shown that the influence of delta emanating from the brain as a whole is greatest on the alpha oscillations of the cingulate frontal lobe, and at the same time the influence of delta from the cingulate parietal brain lobe is greatest on the alpha oscillations of the whole brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushko Lukarski
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
- University Clinic for Radiotherapy and Oncology, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Spase Petkoski
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Inst Neurosci Syst (INS), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Peng Ji
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Tomislav Stankovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Yeo SS, Jang TS, Yun SH. Sensorimotor adaptation in spatial orientation task: a fNIRS study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15160. [PMID: 37704674 PMCID: PMC10499899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In sensorimotor conflicts, the brain forms and updates a new sensorimotor relationship through sensorimotor integration. As humans adapt to new sensorimotor mapping, goal-directed movements become increasingly precise. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we investigated the changes in cortical activity during sensorimotor adaptation in a spatial orientation task with sensorimotor conflict. Individuals performed a reversed spatial orientation training in which the visual feedback guiding hand movements was reversed. We measured cortical activity and spatial orientation performance, including the response time, completion number, error, and accuracy. The results revealed the continuous activation in the left SMG during sensorimotor adaptation and decreased activation in the right SAC, AG and SMG after sensorimotor adaptation. These findings indicated the contribution of the left SMG to sensorimotor adaptation and the improved efficiency of cortical activity after sensorimotor adaptation, respectively. Our studies suggest the neural mechanisms related to sensorimotor adaptation to a reversed spatial orientation task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seok Yeo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Department of Health Administration, College of Health and Welfare Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Yun
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Zuleger TM, Slutsky-Ganesh AB, Anand M, Kim H, Warren SM, Grooms DR, Foss KDB, Riley MA, Yuan W, Gore RK, Myer GD, Diekfuss JA. The effects of sports-related concussion history on female adolescent brain activity and connectivity for bilateral lower extremity knee motor control. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14314. [PMID: 37114838 PMCID: PMC10523876 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Sports-related concussions (SRCs) are associated with neuromuscular control deficits in athletes following return to play. However, the connection between SRC and potentially disrupted neural regulation of lower extremity motor control has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate brain activity and connectivity during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) lower extremity motor control task (bilateral leg press) in female adolescent athletes with a history of SRC. Nineteen female adolescent athletes with a history of SRC and nineteen uninjured (without a history of SRC) age- and sport-matched control athletes participated in this study. Athletes with a history of SRC exhibited less neural activity in the left inferior parietal lobule/supramarginal gyrus (IPL) during the bilateral leg press compared to matched controls. Based upon signal change detected in the brain activity analysis, a 6 mm region of interest (seed) was defined to perform secondary connectivity analyses using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses. During the motor control task, the left IPL (seed) was significantly connected to the right posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus cortex and right IPL for athletes with a history of SRC. The left IPL was significantly connected to the left primary motor cortex (M1) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1), right inferior temporal gyrus, and right S1 for matched controls. Altered neural activity in brain regions important for sensorimotor integration and motor attention, combined with unique connectivity to regions responsible for attentional, cognitive, and proprioceptive processing, indicate compensatory neural mechanisms may underlie the lingering neuromuscular control deficits associated with SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Zuleger
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- University of Cincinnati, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexis B. Slutsky-Ganesh
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Manish Anand
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, TN, India
| | - HoWon Kim
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Shayla M. Warren
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dustin R. Grooms
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, College of Health Science and Professions, Ohio University, Grover Center, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kim D. Barber Foss
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael A. Riley
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, & Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Weihong Yuan
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Russell K. Gore
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory D. Myer
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jed A. Diekfuss
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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8
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Zhang Y, Mirman D, Hoffman P. Taxonomic and thematic relations rely on different types of semantic features: Evidence from an fMRI meta-analysis and a semantic priming study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 242:105287. [PMID: 37263104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Taxonomic and thematic relations are major components of semantic representation but their neurocognitive underpinnings are still debated. We hypothesised that taxonomic relations preferentially activate parts of anterior temporal lobe (ATL) because they rely more on colour and shape features, while thematic relations preferentially activate temporoparietal cortex (TPC) because they rely more on action and location knowledge. We first conducted activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to assess evidence for neural specialisation in the existing fMRI literature (Study 1), then used a primed semantic judgement task to examine if the two relations are primed by different feature types (Study 2). We find that taxonomic relations show minimal feature-based specialisation but preferentially activate the lingual gyrus. Thematic relations are more dependent on action and location features and preferentially engage TPC. The meta-analysis also showed that lateral ATL is preferentially engaged by Thematic relations, which may reflect their greater reliance on verbal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Zhang
- School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel Mirman
- School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Hoffman
- School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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9
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Li X, Baurès R, Cremoux S. Hand movements influence the perception of time in a prediction motion task. Atten Percept Psychophys 2023; 85:1276-1286. [PMID: 36991288 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Human perception of time is far from accurate and is subject to distortions. Previous research has demonstrated that any manipulation that distorts the perceived velocity of visible moving objects may shift prediction motion (PM) performance during occlusion. However, it is not clear whether motor action has the same influence during occlusion in the PM task. This work evaluated the influence of action on PM performance in two experiments. In both cases, participants performed an interruption paradigm, evaluating if an occluded object had reappeared earlier or later than expected. This task was done simultaneously with a motor action. In Experiment 1, we compared the PM performance according to the timing of the action made while the object was still visible or occluded. In Experiment 2, participants had to perform (or not) a motor action if the target was green (or red). In both experiments, our results showed that the duration of the object's occlusion was underestimated in the specific case of acting during the occlusion period. These results suggest that action and temporal perception share similar neural bases. Future research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Li
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), UMR CNRS 5549, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Pavillon Baudot, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Robin Baurès
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), UMR CNRS 5549, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Pavillon Baudot, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvain Cremoux
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), UMR CNRS 5549, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Pavillon Baudot, 31059, Toulouse, France.
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Malyshevskaya A, Gallо F, Pokhoday M, Kotrelev P, Shtyrov Y, Myachykov A. Spatial conceptual mapping of words with temporal semantics. СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ 2022. [DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2022110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Unlike concrete words related to sensory perception (e.g., hear, sun), abstract words (including the words with temporal semantics, e.g., year, tomorrow) do not have direct embodied sensory correlates. Nevertheless, existing research indicates that abstract concepts’ representations make regular reference to sensorimotor processes, e.g., visual perception. For example, regular expressions such as “the future is ahead” or “the flow of time” are common in different languages reflecting a relatively universal nature of space-time correspondences. Moreover, these regular correspondences are commonly demonstrated in experimental studies; for example — by registering attentional displacement during processing of past and future related words. Here, the main theoretical approaches as well as existing experimental data documenting neurocognitive foundations of space-time representations are reviewed. A detailed overview of research on spatial-conceptual mapping of time concepts in three-dimensional visual space is offered. We also consider features of space-time associations that reflect linguistic and socio-cultural differences. In conclusion, the main areas of current and future that will allow an integration of the existing data within a common theoretical framework are defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F. Gallо
- National Research University Higher School of Economics
| | - M.Y. Pokhoday
- National Research University Higher School of Economics
| | - P.V. Kotrelev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics
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11
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Zhang G, Wang W, Qu J, Li H, Song X, Wang Q. Perceptual influence of auditory pitch on motion speed. J Vis 2021; 21:11. [PMID: 34520509 PMCID: PMC8444457 DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a cross-modal mapping between auditory pitch and many visual properties, but the relationship between auditory pitch and motion speed is unexplored. In this article, the ball and baffle are used as the research objects, and an object collision experiment is used to explore the perceptual influence of auditory pitch on motion speed. Since cross-modal mapping can influence perceptual experience, this article also explores the influence of auditory pitch on action measures. In Experiment 1, 12 participants attempted to release a baffle to block a falling ball on the basis of speed judgment, and after each trial, they were asked to rate the speed of the ball. The speed score and baffle release time were recorded and used for analysis of variance. Since making explicit judgments about speed can alter the processing of visual paths, another group of participants in Experiment 2 completed the experiment without making explicit judgments about speed. Our results show that there is a cross-modal mapping between auditory pitch and motion speed, and high or low tones cause perception shift to faster or slower speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangsheng Zhang
- Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China.,
| | - Wei Wang
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China.,
| | - Jue Qu
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China.,
| | - Hengwei Li
- Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China.,
| | - Xincheng Song
- Graduate School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China.,
| | - Qingli Wang
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China.,
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12
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Disrupted communication of the temporoparietal junction in patients with major depressive disorder. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:1276-1296. [PMID: 34100255 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) suffer impairment in the transmission and integration of internal and external information sources. Accumulating evidence suggests that the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is important for multiple cognitive and social functions and may act as a key node for the integration of internal and external information. Therefore, the TPJ's aberrant interaction mechanism may underpin MDD psychopathology. To answer this question, we conducted a comprehensive study using resting-state functional magnetic imaging data recorded from 74 patients with MDD and 69 normal controls. First, we examined whether TPJ was the most prominent region with altered functional/effective connectivity with multiple depression-related regions/networks, based on either zero-lag correlations or temporal mutual information (total interdependence and Granger causality) measurements. Accordingly, we derived a network model that depicts alterations of TPJ-connectivity in patients with MDD. Lastly, we performed a cross-approach comparison demonstrating more conducive indicators in delineating the network alteration model. Functional/effective connectivity between the TPJ and major functional networks that govern internal and external-driven information resources was attenuated in patients with MDD. TPJ acts like a key node for information-inflow and integration of multiple information streams. Therefore, dysfunctional connectivity indicators may serve as effective biomarkers for MDD. MDD is associated with the breakdown of the TPJ interaction model and its connections with the default mode network and the task-positive network.
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13
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Serrien DJ, Spapé MM. Space, time and number: common coding mechanisms and interactions between domains. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:364-374. [PMID: 33755798 PMCID: PMC8885535 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Space, time and number are key dimensions that underlie how we perceive, identify and act within the environment. They are interconnected in our behaviour and brain. In this study, we examined interdependencies between these dimensions. To this end, left- and right-handed participants performed an object collision task that required space–time processing and arithmetic tests that involved number processing. Handedness of the participants influenced collision detection with left-handers being more accurate than right-handers, which is in line with the premise that hand preference guides individual differences as a result of sensorimotor experiences and distinct interhemispheric integration patterns. The data further showed that successful collision detection was a predictor for arithmetic achievement, at least in right-handers. These findings suggest that handedness plays a mediating role in binding information processing across domains, likely due to selective connectivity properties within the sensorimotor system that is guided by hemispheric lateralisation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiel M Spapé
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Batouli SAH, Sisakhti M, Haghshenas S, Dehghani H, Sachdev P, Ekhtiari H, Kochan N, Wen W, Leemans A, Kohanpour M, Oghabian MA. Iranian Brain Imaging Database: A Neuropsychiatric Database of Healthy Brain. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:115-132. [PMID: 33995934 PMCID: PMC8114860 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.1.1774.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Iranian Brain Imaging Database (IBID) was initiated in 2017, with 5 major goals: provide researchers easy access to a neuroimaging database, provide normative quantitative measures of the brain for clinical research purposes, study the aging profile of the brain, examine the association of brain structure and function, and join the ENIGMA consortium. Many prestigious databases with similar goals are available. However, they were not done on an Iranian population, and the battery of their tests (e.g. cognitive tests) is selected based on their specific questions and needs. METHODS The IBID will include 300 participants (50% female) in the age range of 20 to 70 years old, with an equal number of participants (#60) in each age decade. It comprises a battery of cognitive, lifestyle, medical, and mental health tests, in addition to several Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) protocols. Each participant completes the assessments on two referral days. RESULTS The study currently has a cross-sectional design, but longitudinal assessments are considered for the future phases of the study. Here, details of the methodology and the initial results of assessing the first 152 participants of the study are provided. CONCLUSION IBID is established to enable research into human brain function, to aid clinicians in disease diagnosis research, and also to unite the Iranian researchers with interests in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Departmen of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Sisakhti
- Departmen of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Haghshenas
- Departmen of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Dehghani
- Departmen of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Kohanpour
- Departmen of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Baurès R, Fourteau M, Thébault S, Gazard C, Pasquio L, Meneghini G, Perrin J, Rosito M, Durand JB, Roux FE. Time-to-contact perception in the brain. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:455-466. [PMID: 33070400 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Time-to-contact (TTC) perception refers to the ability of an observer to estimate the remaining time before an object reaches a point in the environment, and is of crucial importance in daily life. Noninvasive correlational approaches have identified several brain areas sensitive to TTC information. Here we report the results of two studies, including one during an awake brain surgery, that aimed to identify the specific areas causally engaged in the TTC estimation process. In Study 1, we tested 40 patients with brain tumor in a TTC estimation task. The results showed that four of the six patients with impaired performance had tumors in right upper parietal cortex, although this tumoral location represented only six over 40 patients. In Study 2, 15 patients underwent awake brain surgery electrostimulation mapping to examine the implication of various brain areas in the TTC estimation process. We acquired and normalized to MNI space the coordinates of the functional areas that influenced task performance. Our results seem to demonstrate that the early stage of the TTC estimation process involved specific cortical territories in the ventral region of the right intraparietal sulcus. Downstream processing of TTC could also involve the frontal eye field (middle frontal gyrus) related to ocular search. We also found that deactivating language areas in the left hemisphere interfered with the TTC estimation process. These findings demonstrate a fine grained, cortical representation of TTC processing close to the ventral right intraparietal sulcus and complement those described in other human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Baurès
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie Fourteau
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Salomé Thébault
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Chloé Gazard
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Léa Pasquio
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Giulia Meneghini
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Juliette Perrin
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Maxime Rosito
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Franck-Emmanuel Roux
- CerCo, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.,Pôle Neurosciences (Neurochirurgie), Centres Hospitalo-Universitaires, Toulouse, France
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16
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Miller L, Balodis IM, McClintock CH, Xu J, Lacadie CM, Sinha R, Potenza MN. Neural Correlates of Personalized Spiritual Experiences. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2331-2338. [PMID: 29846531 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Across cultures and throughout history, human beings have reported a variety of spiritual experiences and the concomitant perceived sense of union that transcends one's ordinary sense of self. Nevertheless, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms of spiritual experiences, particularly when examined across different traditions and practices. By adapting an individualized guided-imagery task, we investigated neural correlates of personally meaningful spiritual experiences as compared with stressful and neutral-relaxing experiences. We observed in the spiritual condition, as compared with the neutral-relaxing condition, reduced activity in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), a result that suggests the IPL may contribute importantly to perceptual processing and self-other representations during spiritual experiences. Compared with stress cues, responses to spiritual cues showed reduced activity in the medial thalamus and caudate, regions associated with sensory and emotional processing. Overall, the study introduces a novel method for investigating brain correlates of personally meaningful spiritual experiences and suggests neural mechanisms associated with broadly defined and personally experienced spirituality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Miller
- Spirituality Mind Body Institute, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clayton H McClintock
- Spirituality Mind Body Institute, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiansong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cheryl M Lacadie
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Spirituality Mind Body Institute, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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Zimmermann M, Kubik V, Persson J, Mäntylä T. Monitoring Multiple Deadlines Relies on Spatial Processing in Posterior Parietal Cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1468-1483. [PMID: 31210563 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Proactively coordinating one's actions is an important aspect of multitasking performance due to overlapping task sequences. In this study, we used fMRI to investigate neural mechanisms underlying monitoring of multiple overlapping task sequences. We tested the hypothesis that temporal control demands in multiple-task monitoring are offloaded onto spatial processes by representing patterns of temporal deadlines in spatial terms. Results showed that increased demands on time monitoring (i.e., responding to concurrent deadlines of one to four component tasks) increasingly activated regions in the left inferior parietal lobe and the precuneus. Moreover, independent measures of spatial abilities correlated with multiple-task performance beyond the contribution of working memory. Together, these findings suggest that monitoring and coordination of temporally overlapping task timelines rely on cortical processes involved in spatial information processing. We suggest that the precuneus is involved in tracking of multiple task timelines, whereas the inferior parietal lobe constructs spatial representations of the temporal relations of these overlapping timelines. These findings are consistent with the spatial offloading hypothesis and add new insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the coordination of multiple tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veit Kubik
- Stockholm University.,Humboldt University zu Berlin.,Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg
| | - Jonas Persson
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Örebro University
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18
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Huberle E, Brugger P. Altered time judgements highlight common mechanisms of time and space perception. Cogn Neuropsychol 2018; 35:458-470. [PMID: 30497331 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2018.1549027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Space, numbers and time share similar processing mechanisms mediated by parietal cortex. In parallel to the spatial representation of numbers along a horizontal line, temporal information is mapped on a horizontal axis with short intervals (and the past) represented to the left of long intervals (and the future). Little is known about the representation of time in the presence of visuo-spatial deficits. We here report two experiments on the comparative judgment of time. Experiment 1 required patients with left-sided neglect to indicate which of two consecutively presented silent intervals was longer. Their judgments were better if the first interval was longer and they judged the first interval longer on trials in which the two intervals were equally long. These results were not present in right-hemispheric damaged patients without neglect and healthy controls. They are in line with a previously reported finding in a single patient with neglect, but not readily compatible with findings of neglect patients' comparative length judgments. In Experiment 2, healthy participants' performance on an identical task improved for trials with a first-longer interval after caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) of the right ear with warm water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Huberle
- a Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Peter Brugger
- a Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland
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19
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Li J, Yuan Y, Wang M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Jiang S, Wang X, Ding J, Zhang K. Decreased interhemispheric homotopic connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait: A resting state fMRI study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 52:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Ekanayake J, Hutton C, Ridgway G, Scharnowski F, Weiskopf N, Rees G. Real-time decoding of covert attention in higher-order visual areas. Neuroimage 2018; 169:462-472. [PMID: 29247807 PMCID: PMC5864512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-computer-interfaces (BCI) provide a means of using human brain activations to control devices for communication. Until now this has only been demonstrated in primary motor and sensory brain regions, using surgical implants or non-invasive neuroimaging techniques. Here, we provide proof-of-principle for the use of higher-order brain regions involved in complex cognitive processes such as attention. Using realtime fMRI, we implemented an online 'winner-takes-all approach' with quadrant-specific parameter estimates, to achieve single-block classification of brain activations. These were linked to the covert allocation of attention to real-world images presented at 4-quadrant locations. Accuracies in three target regions were significantly above chance, with individual decoding accuracies reaching upto 70%. By utilising higher order mental processes, 'cognitive BCIs' access varied and therefore more versatile information, potentially providing a platform for communication in patients who are unable to speak or move due to brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinendra Ekanayake
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Chloe Hutton
- Siemens Molecular Imaging, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frank Scharnowski
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Geraint Rees
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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de Azevedo Neto RM, Amaro Júnior E. Bilateral dorsal fronto-parietal areas are associated with integration of visual motion information and timed motor action. Behav Brain Res 2018; 337:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Choy EEH, Cheung H. Linguistic asymmetry, egocentric anchoring, and sensory modality as factors for the observed association between time and space perception. Cogn Process 2017; 18:479-490. [PMID: 28516394 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-017-0817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Temporal and spatial representations have been consistently shown to be inextricably intertwined. However, the exact nature of time-space mapping remains unknown. On the one hand, the conceptual metaphor theory postulates unilateral, asymmetric mapping of time onto space, that is, time is perceived in spatial terms but the perception of space is relatively independent of time. On the other hand, a theory of magnitude assumes bilateral and symmetric interactions between temporal and spatial perceptions. In the present paper, we argue that the concepts of linguistic asymmetry, egocentric anchoring, and sensory modality provide potential explanations for why evidences favoring both asymmetry and symmetry have been obtained. We first examine the asymmetry model and suggest that language plays a critical role in it. Next, we discuss the symmetry model in relation to egocentric anchoring and sensory modality. We conclude that since these three factors may jointly account for some conflicting past results regarding the strength and directionality of time-space mapping, they should be taken into serious consideration in future test designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice E Hang Choy
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Him Cheung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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23
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Park JE. Apraxia: Review and Update. J Clin Neurol 2017; 13:317-324. [PMID: 29057628 PMCID: PMC5653618 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2017.13.4.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Praxis, the ability to perform skilled or learned movements is essential for daily living. Inability to perform such praxis movements is defined as apraxia. Apraxia can be further classified into subtypes such as ideomotor, ideational and limb-kinetic apraxia. Relevant brain regions have been found to include the motor, premotor, temporal and parietal cortices. Apraxia is found in a variety of highly prevalent neurological disorders including dementia, stroke and Parkinsonism. Furthermore, apraxia has been shown to negatively affect quality of life. Therefore, recognition and treatment of this disorder is critical. This article provides an overview of apraxia and highlights studies dealing with the neurophysiology of this disorder, opening up novel perspectives for the use of motor training and noninvasive brain stimulation as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung E Park
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
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24
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Coull JT, Cotti J, Vidal F. Differential roles for parietal and frontal cortices in fixed versus evolving temporal expectations: Dissociating prior from posterior temporal probabilities with fMRI. Neuroimage 2016; 141:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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25
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Marcos E, Tsujimoto S, Genovesio A. Independent coding of absolute duration and distance magnitudes in the prefrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 2016; 117:195-203. [PMID: 27760814 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00245.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimation of space and time can interfere with each other, and neuroimaging studies have shown overlapping activation in the parietal and prefrontal cortical areas. We used duration and distance discrimination tasks to determine whether space and time share resources in prefrontal cortex (PF) neurons. Monkeys were required to report which of two stimuli, a red circle or blue square, presented sequentially, were longer and farther, respectively, in the duration and distance tasks. In a previous study, we showed that relative duration and distance are coded by different populations of neurons and that the only common representation is related to goal coding. Here, we examined the coding of absolute duration and distance. Our results support a model of independent coding of absolute duration and distance metrics by demonstrating that not only relative magnitude but also absolute magnitude are independently coded in the PF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human behavioral studies have shown that spatial and duration judgments can interfere with each other. We investigated the neural representation of such magnitudes in the prefrontal cortex. We found that the two magnitudes are independently coded by prefrontal neurons. We suggest that the interference among magnitude judgments might depend on the goal rather than the perceptual resource sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarni Marcos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Satoshi Tsujimoto
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and.,Nielsen Consumer Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aldo Genovesio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;
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26
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Ramyead A, Studerus E, Kometer M, Uttinger M, Gschwandtner U, Fuhr P, Riecher-Rössler A. Prediction of psychosis using neural oscillations and machine learning in neuroleptic-naïve at-risk patients. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:285-95. [PMID: 26453061 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1083614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates whether abnormal neural oscillations, which have been shown to precede the onset of frank psychosis, could be used towards the individualised prediction of psychosis in clinical high-risk patients. METHODS We assessed the individualised prediction of psychosis by detecting specific patterns of beta and gamma oscillations using machine-learning algorithms. Prediction models were trained and tested on 53 neuroleptic-naïve patients with a clinical high-risk for psychosis. Of these, 18 later transitioned to psychosis. All patients were followed up for at least 3 years. For an honest estimation of the generalisation capacity, the predictive performance of the models was assessed in unseen test cases using repeated nested cross-validation. RESULTS Transition to psychosis could be predicted from current-source density (CSD; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.77), but not from lagged phase synchronicity data (LPS; AUC = 0.56). Combining both modalities did not improve the predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.78). The left superior temporal gyrus, the left inferior parietal lobule and the precuneus most strongly contributed to the prediction of psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CSD measurements extracted from clinical resting state EEG can help to improve the prediction of psychosis on a single-subject level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Ramyead
- a University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Gender Research and Early Detection , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Erich Studerus
- a University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Gender Research and Early Detection , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Michael Kometer
- b Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging Research Unit, University Hospital of Psychiatry , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Martina Uttinger
- a University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Gender Research and Early Detection , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Ute Gschwandtner
- c Department of Neurology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Peter Fuhr
- c Department of Neurology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Anita Riecher-Rössler
- a University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Gender Research and Early Detection , Basel , Switzerland
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Pedrosa DJ, Nelles C, Maier F, Eggers C, Burghaus L, Fink GR, Wittmann M, Timmermann L. Time reproduction deficits in essential tremor patients. Mov Disord 2016; 31:1234-40. [PMID: 27091412 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although motor symptoms predominate in essential tremor, increasing evidence indicates additional cognitive deficits. According to the pivotal role of cognitive functioning for temporal information processing and acknowledging the relevance of temporal information processing for movement coordination, we investigated whether essential tremor patients exhibit time reproduction deficits. METHODS A total of 24 essential tremor patients and 24 healthy controls performed sub- and suprasecond visual duration reproduction tasks of 500 to 900 milliseconds and 1.6 to 2.4 seconds, respectively. To differentiate deficient time processing from motor or other cognitive dysfunctions, the average temporal reproduction errors were correlated with tremor severity, immediate and delayed word-list recall performance, and verbal fluency. RESULTS Essential tremor patients significantly underreproduced sub- and suprasecond time intervals longer than 800 milliseconds. Moreover, time compression correlated significantly with semantic verbal fluency and word-list retrieval performance, but not with tremor severity. CONCLUSION Data suggest impaired temporal processing in essential tremor, corroborating evidence for specific cognitive deficits. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Pedrosa
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Nelles
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lothar Burghaus
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Cognitive Neuroscience, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Wittmann
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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28
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Fontes R, Ribeiro J, Gupta DS, Machado D, Lopes-Júnior F, Magalhães F, Bastos VH, Rocha K, Marinho V, Lima G, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Orsini M, Pessoa B, Leite MAA, Teixeira S. Time Perception Mechanisms at Central Nervous System. Neurol Int 2016; 8:5939. [PMID: 27127597 PMCID: PMC4830363 DOI: 10.4081/ni.2016.5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The five senses have specific ways to receive environmental information and lead to central nervous system. The perception of time is the sum of stimuli associated with cognitive processes and environmental changes. Thus, the perception of time requires a complex neural mechanism and may be changed by emotional state, level of attention, memory and diseases. Despite this knowledge, the neural mechanisms of time perception are not yet fully understood. The objective is to relate the mechanisms involved the neurofunctional aspects, theories, executive functions and pathologies that contribute the understanding of temporal perception. Articles form 1980 to 2015 were searched by using the key themes: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, theories, time cells, memory, schizophrenia, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Parkinson’s disease combined with the term perception of time. We evaluated 158 articles within the inclusion criteria for the purpose of the study. We conclude that research about the holdings of the frontal cortex, parietal, basal ganglia, cerebellum and hippocampus have provided advances in the understanding of the regions related to the perception of time. In neurological and psychiatric disorders, the understanding of time depends on the severity of the diseases and the type of tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhailana Fontes
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Daya S Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College , Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Dionis Machado
- Laboratory of Brain Mapping and Functionality, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba
| | - Fernando Lopes-Júnior
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Magalhães
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Laboratory of Brain Mapping and Functionality, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba
| | - Kaline Rocha
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Victor Marinho
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Gildário Lima
- Neurophisic Applied Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and and Sensory-Motor Integration Laboratory, Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and and Sensory-Motor Integration Laboratory, Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro
| | | | - Bruno Pessoa
- Neurology Department, Federal Fluminense University , Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil
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29
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Neural Network of Predictive Motor Timing in the Context of Gender Differences. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:2073454. [PMID: 27019753 PMCID: PMC4785273 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2073454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time perception is an essential part of our everyday lives, in both the prospective and the retrospective domains. However, our knowledge of temporal processing is mainly limited to the networks responsible for comparing or maintaining specific intervals or frequencies. In the presented fMRI study, we sought to characterize the neural nodes engaged specifically in predictive temporal analysis, the estimation of the future position of an object with varying movement parameters, and the contingent neuroanatomical signature of differences in behavioral performance between genders. The established dominant cerebellar engagement offers novel evidence in favor of a pivotal role of this structure in predictive short-term timing, overshadowing the basal ganglia reported together with the frontal cortex as dominant in retrospective temporal processing in the subsecond spectrum. Furthermore, we discovered lower performance in this task and massively increased cerebellar activity in women compared to men, indicative of strategy differences between the genders. This promotes the view that predictive temporal computing utilizes comparable structures in the retrospective timing processes, but with a definite dominance of the cerebellum.
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30
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Dovern A, Fink GR, Timpert DC, Saliger J, Karbe H, Weiss PH, Koch I. Timing Matters? Learning of Complex Spatiotemporal Sequences in Left-hemisphere Stroke Patients. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 28:223-36. [PMID: 26439271 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During rehabilitation after stroke motor sequence learning is of particular importance because considerable effort is devoted to (re)acquiring lost motor skills. Previous studies suggest that implicit motor sequence learning is preserved in stroke patients but were restricted to the spatial dimension, although the timing of single action components is as important as their spatial order. As the left parietal cortex is known to play a critical role in implicit timing and spatiotemporal integration, in this study we applied an adapted version of the SRT task designed to assess both spatial (different stimulus locations) and temporal (different response-stimulus intervals) aspects of motor learning to 24 right-handed patients with a single left-hemisphere (LH) stroke and 24 age-matched healthy controls. Implicit retrieval of sequence knowledge was tested both at Day 1 and after 24 hr (Day 2). Additionally, voxel-based lesion symptom mapping was used to investigate the neurobiological substrates of the behavioral effects. Although LH stroke patients showed a combined spatiotemporal learning effect that was comparable to that observed in controls, LH stroke patients did not show learning effects for the learning probes in which only one type of sequence information was maintained whereas the other one was randomized. Particularly on Day 2, patients showed significantly smaller learning scores for these two learning probes than controls. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analyses revealed for all learning probes that diminished learning scores on Day 2 were associated with lesions of the striatum. This might be attributed to its role in motor chunking and offline consolidation as group differences occurred on Day 2 only. The current results suggest that LH stroke patients rely on multimodal information (here: temporal and spatial information) when retrieving motor sequence knowledge and are very sensitive to any disruption of the learnt sequence information as they seem to build very rigid chunks preventing them from forming independent spatial and temporal sequence representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dovern
- University Hospital Cologne.,Research Centre Jülich
| | | | | | - Jochen Saliger
- Neurological Rehabilitation Centre Godeshöhe, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans Karbe
- Neurological Rehabilitation Centre Godeshöhe, Bonn, Germany
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31
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Binder M. Neural correlates of audiovisual temporal processing – Comparison of temporal order and simultaneity judgments. Neuroscience 2015; 300:432-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Leonardelli E, Braun C, Weisz N, Lithari C, Occelli V, Zampini M. Prestimulus oscillatory alpha power and connectivity patterns predispose perceptual integration of an audio and a tactile stimulus. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3486-98. [PMID: 26109518 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To efficiently perceive and respond to the external environment, our brain has to perceptually integrate or segregate stimuli of different modalities. The temporal relationship between the different sensory modalities is therefore essential for the formation of different multisensory percepts. In this magnetoencephalography study, we created a paradigm where an audio and a tactile stimulus were presented by an ambiguous temporal relationship so that perception of physically identical audiotactile stimuli could vary between integrated (emanating from the same source) and segregated. This bistable paradigm allowed us to compare identical bimodal stimuli that elicited different percepts, providing a possibility to directly infer multisensory interaction effects. Local differences in alpha power over bilateral inferior parietal lobules (IPLs) and superior parietal lobules (SPLs) preceded integrated versus segregated percepts of the two stimuli (audio and tactile). Furthermore, differences in long-range cortical functional connectivity seeded in rIPL (region of maximum difference) revealed differential patterns that predisposed integrated or segregated percepts encompassing secondary areas of all different modalities and prefrontal cortex. We showed that the prestimulus brain states predispose the perception of the audiotactile stimulus both in a global and a local manner. Our findings are in line with a recent consistent body of findings on the importance of prestimulus brain states for perception of an upcoming stimulus. This new perspective on how stimuli originating from different modalities are integrated suggests a non-modality specific network predisposing multisensory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Braun
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience(CIN), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nathan Weisz
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chrysa Lithari
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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33
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Li Y, Mo L, Chen Q. Differential contribution of velocity and distance to time estimation during self-initiated time-to-collision judgment. Neuropsychologia 2015; 73:35-47. [PMID: 25934633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To successfully intercept/avoid a moving object, human brain needs to precisely estimate the time-to-collision (TTC) of the object. In real life, time estimation is determined conjointly by the velocity and the distance of a moving object. However, surprisingly little is known concerning whether and how the velocity and the distance dimensions contribute differentially to time estimation. In this fMRI study, we demonstrated that variations of velocity evoked substantially different behavioral and neural responses than distance during self-initiated TTC judgments. Behaviorally, the velocity dimension induced a stronger time dilation effect than the distance dimension that participants' responses were significantly more delayed by increasing velocity than by decreasing distance, even with the theoretical TTC being equated between the two conditions. Neurally, activity in the dorsal fronto-parietal TTC network was parametrically modulated by variations in TTC irrespective of whether the variations in TTC were caused by velocity or distance. Importantly, even with spatial distance being equated, increasing velocity induced illusory perception of longer spatial trajectory in early visual cortex. Moreover, as velocity increased, the early visual cortex showed enhanced connectivity with the TTC network. Our results thus implied that with increasing velocity, TTC judgments depended increasingly on the velocity-induced illusory distance information from early visual cortex and was eventually tampered.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lei Mo
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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34
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Diwakar M, Harrington DL, Maruta J, Ghajar J, El-Gabalawy F, Muzzatti L, Corbetta M, Huang MX, Lee RR. Filling in the gaps: Anticipatory control of eye movements in chronic mild traumatic brain injury. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 8:210-23. [PMID: 26106545 PMCID: PMC4473731 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A barrier in the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) stems from the lack of measures that are adequately sensitive in detecting mild head injuries. MRI and CT are typically negative in mTBI patients with persistent symptoms of post-concussive syndrome (PCS), and characteristic difficulties in sustaining attention often go undetected on neuropsychological testing, which can be insensitive to momentary lapses in concentration. Conversely, visual tracking strongly depends on sustained attention over time and is impaired in chronic mTBI patients, especially when tracking an occluded target. This finding suggests deficient internal anticipatory control in mTBI, the neural underpinnings of which are poorly understood. The present study investigated the neuronal bases for deficient anticipatory control during visual tracking in 25 chronic mTBI patients with persistent PCS symptoms and 25 healthy control subjects. The task was performed while undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG), which allowed us to examine whether neural dysfunction associated with anticipatory control deficits was due to altered alpha, beta, and/or gamma activity. Neuropsychological examinations characterized cognition in both groups. During MEG recordings, subjects tracked a predictably moving target that was either continuously visible or randomly occluded (gap condition). MEG source-imaging analyses tested for group differences in alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. The results showed executive functioning, information processing speed, and verbal memory deficits in the mTBI group. Visual tracking was impaired in the mTBI group only in the gap condition. Patients showed greater error than controls before and during target occlusion, and were slower to resynchronize with the target when it reappeared. Impaired tracking concurred with abnormal beta activity, which was suppressed in the parietal cortex, especially the right hemisphere, and enhanced in left caudate and frontal–temporal areas. Regional beta-amplitude demonstrated high classification accuracy (92%) compared to eye-tracking (65%) and neuropsychological variables (80%). These findings show that deficient internal anticipatory control in mTBI is associated with altered beta activity, which is remarkably sensitive given the heterogeneity of injuries. Neuropsychological test performance was impaired in mTBI patients. Visual tracking was impaired in the gap task, where targets were randomly occluded. Impaired visual tracking concurred with abnormal MEG beta activity. Beta was suppressed in parietal and enhanced in caudate and frontal–temporal areas. Regional MEG beta-amplitude demonstrated high classification accuracy (92%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Diwakar
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Deborah L Harrington
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA ; Radiology and Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jun Maruta
- Brain Trauma Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamshid Ghajar
- Brain Trauma Foundation, New York, NY, USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fady El-Gabalawy
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura Muzzatti
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Ming-Xiong Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA ; Radiology and Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roland R Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA ; Radiology and Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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35
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Hecht EE, Gutman DA, Bradley BA, Preuss TM, Stout D. Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus in chimpanzees and humans. Neuroimage 2015; 108:124-37. [PMID: 25534109 PMCID: PMC4324003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the behavioral capacities that distinguish humans from other primates rely on fronto-parietal circuits. The superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) is the primary white matter tract connecting lateral frontal with lateral parietal regions; it is distinct from the arcuate fasciculus, which interconnects the frontal and temporal lobes. Here we report a direct, quantitative comparison of SLF connectivity using virtual in vivo dissection of the SLF in chimpanzees and humans. SLF I, the superior-most branch of the SLF, showed similar patterns of connectivity between humans and chimpanzees, and was proportionally volumetrically larger in chimpanzees. SLF II, the middle branch, and SLF III, the inferior-most branch, showed species differences in frontal connectivity. In humans, SLF II showed greater connectivity with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas in chimps SLF II showed greater connectivity with the inferior frontal gyrus. SLF III was right-lateralized and proportionally volumetrically larger in humans, and human SLF III showed relatively reduced connectivity with dorsal premotor cortex and greater extension into the anterior inferior frontal gyrus, especially in the right hemisphere. These results have implications for the evolution of fronto-parietal functions including spatial attention to observed actions, social learning, and tool use, and are in line with previous research suggesting a unique role for the right anterior inferior frontal gyrus in the evolution of human fronto-parietal network architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Hecht
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive, Rm 114, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - David A Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, 36 Eagle Row, PAIS Building, 5th Floor South, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Bruce A Bradley
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK.
| | - Todd M Preuss
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Div. Neuropharmacology & Neurologic Diseases & Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Dietrich Stout
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive, Rm 114, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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36
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Cai ZG, Connell L. Space-time interdependence: evidence against asymmetric mapping between time and space. Cognition 2014; 136:268-81. [PMID: 25506776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Time and space are intimately related, but what is the real nature of this relationship? Is time mapped metaphorically onto space such that effects are always asymmetric (i.e., space affects time more than time affects space)? Or do the two domains share a common representational format and have the ability to influence each other in a flexible manner (i.e., time can sometimes affect space more than vice versa)? In three experiments, we examined whether spatial representations from haptic perception, a modality of relatively low spatial acuity, would lead the effect of time on space to be substantially stronger than the effect of space on time. Participants touched (but could not see) physical sticks while listening to an auditory note, and then reproduced either the length of the stick or the duration of the note. Judgements of length were affected by concurrent stimulus duration, but not vice versa. When participants were allowed to see as well as touch the sticks, however, the higher acuity of visuohaptic perception caused the effects to converge so length and duration influenced each other to a similar extent. These findings run counter to the spatial metaphor account of time, and rather support the spatial representation account in which time and space share a common representational format and the directionality of space-time interaction depends on the perceptual acuity of the modality used to perceive space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang G Cai
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Louise Connell
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, United Kingdom; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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37
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Woods AJ, Hamilton RH, Kranjec A, Minhaus P, Bikson M, Yu J, Chatterjee A. Space, time, and causality in the human brain. Neuroimage 2014; 92:285-97. [PMID: 24561228 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to perceive causality is a central human ability constructed from elemental spatial and temporal information present in the environment. Although the nature of causality has captivated philosophers and scientists since antiquity, the neural correlates of causality remain poorly understood. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to generate hypotheses for candidate brain regions related to component processes important for perceptual causality in the human brain: elemental space perception, elemental time perception, and decision-making (Experiment 1; n=16). We then used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to test neural hypotheses generated from the fMRI experiment (Experiment 2; n=16). In both experiments, participants judged causality in billiard-ball style launching events; a blue ball approaches and contacts a red ball. Spatial and temporal contributions to causal perception were assessed by parametrically varying the spatial linearity and the temporal delays of the movement of the balls. Experiment 1 demonstrated unique patterns of activation correlated with spatial, temporal, and decision-making components of causality perception. Using tDCS, we then tested hypotheses for the specific roles of the parietal and frontal cortices found in the fMRI experiment. Parietal stimulation only decreased participants' perception of causality based on spatial violations, while frontal stimulation made participants less likely to perceive causality based on violations of space and time. Converging results from fMRI and tDCS indicate that parietal cortices contribute to causal perception because of their specific role in processing spatial relations, while the frontal cortices contribute more generally, consistent with their role in decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Woods
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, Cognitive Aging & Memory Clinical Translational Research Program, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Roy H Hamilton
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander Kranjec
- Department of Psychology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Preet Minhaus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Jonathan Yu
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anjan Chatterjee
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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38
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Genovesio A, Wise SP, Passingham RE. Prefrontal–parietal function: from foraging to foresight. Trends Cogn Sci 2014; 18:72-81. [PMID: 24378542 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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From Duration and Distance Comparisons to Goal Encoding in Prefrontal Cortex. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 829:167-86. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1782-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Long-term intensive training induced brain structural changes in world class gymnasts. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 220:625-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Bolger D, Coull JT, Schön D. Metrical rhythm implicitly orients attention in time as indexed by improved target detection and left inferior parietal activation. J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 26:593-605. [PMID: 24168222 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
When we direct attentional resources to a certain point in time, expectation and preparedness is heightened and behavior is, as a result, more efficient. This future-oriented attending can be guided either voluntarily, by externally defined cues, or implicitly, by perceived temporal regularities. Inspired by dynamic attending theory, our aim was to study the extent to which metrical structure, with its beats of greater or lesser relative strength, modulates attention implicitly over time and to uncover the neural circuits underlying this process of dynamic attending. We used fMRI to investigate whether auditory meter generated temporal expectancies and, consequently, how it affected processing of auditory and visual targets. Participants listened to a continuous auditory metrical sequence and pressed a button whenever an auditory or visual target was presented. The independent variable was the time of target presentation with respect to the metrical structure of the sequence. Participants' RTs to targets occurring on strong metrical positions were significantly faster than responses to events falling on weak metrical positions. Events falling on strong beats were accompanied by increased activation of the left inferior parietal cortex, a region crucial for orienting attention in time, and, by greater functional connectivity between the left inferior parietal cortex and the visual and auditory cortices, the SMA and the cerebellum. These results support the predictions of the dynamic attending theory that metrical structure with its relative strong and weak beats modulates attentional resources over time and, in turn, affects the functioning of both perceptual and motor preparatory systems.
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42
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Adhikari BM, Goshorn ES, Lamichhane B, Dhamala M. Temporal-order judgment of audiovisual events involves network activity between parietal and prefrontal cortices. Brain Connect 2013; 3:536-45. [PMID: 23988147 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2013.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our perception of the temporal order of everyday external events depends on the integrated sensory information in the brain. Our understanding of the brain mechanism for temporal-order judgment (TOJ) of unisensory events, particularly in the visual domain, is advanced. In case of multisensory events, however, there are unanswered questions. Here, by using physically synchronous and asynchronous auditory-visual events in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments, we identified the brain network that is associated with the perception of the temporal order of multisensory events. The activation in the right temporo-parietal junction was modulated by the perception of asynchronous audiovisual events. During this perception of temporal order, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex coordinated activity with the right temporo-parietal and the left inferior parietal cortices. These results suggest that the TOJ in the multisensory domain underlies a network activity between parietal and prefrontal cortices unlike the regional activity in the right temporo-parietal junction in the unisensory visual domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhim Mani Adhikari
- 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia
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Brain systems for probabilistic and dynamic prediction: computational specificity and integration. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001662. [PMID: 24086106 PMCID: PMC3782423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using computational modelling and neuroimaging, two distinct brain systems are shown to use distinct algorithms to make parallel predictions about the environment. The predictions are then optimally combined to control behavior. A computational approach to functional specialization suggests that brain systems can be characterized in terms of the types of computations they perform, rather than their sensory or behavioral domains. We contrasted the neural systems associated with two computationally distinct forms of predictive model: a reinforcement-learning model of the environment obtained through experience with discrete events, and continuous dynamic forward modeling. By manipulating the precision with which each type of prediction could be used, we caused participants to shift computational strategies within a single spatial prediction task. Hence (using fMRI) we showed that activity in two brain systems (typically associated with reward learning and motor control) could be dissociated in terms of the forms of computations that were performed there, even when both systems were used to make parallel predictions of the same event. A region in parietal cortex, which was sensitive to the divergence between the predictions of the models and anatomically connected to both computational networks, is proposed to mediate integration of the two predictive modes to produce a single behavioral output. To interact effectively with the environment, brains must predict future events based on past and current experience. Predictions associated with different behavioural domains of the brain are often associated with different algorithmic forms. For example, whereas the motor system makes dynamic moment-by-moment predictions based on physical world models, the reward system is more typically associated with statistical predictions learned over discrete events. However, in perceptually rich natural environments, behaviour is not neatly segmented into tasks like “reward learning” and “motor control.” Instead, many different types of information are available in parallel. The brain must both select behaviourally relevant information and arbitrate between conflicting predictions. To investigate how the brain balances and integrates different types of predictive information, we set up a task in which humans predicted an object's flight trajectory by using one of two strategies: either a statistical model (based on where objects had often landed in the past) or dynamic calculation of the current flight trajectory. Using fMRI, we show that brain activity switches between different regions of the brain, depending on which predictive strategy was used, even though behavioural output remained the same. Furthermore, we found that brain regions involved in selecting actions took into account the predictions from both competing algorithms, weighting each algorithm optimally in terms of the precision with which it could predict the event of interest. Thus, these distinct brain systems compete to control predictive behaviour.
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Gait freezing and speech disturbance in Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 2013; 35:357-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Onuki Y, Van Someren EJW, De Zeeuw CI, Van der Werf YD. Hippocampal–Cerebellar Interaction During Spatio-Temporal Prediction. Cereb Cortex 2013; 25:313-21. [PMID: 23968839 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Onuki
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Neuroscience, ErasmusMC, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D Van der Werf
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Alexander I, Cowey A, Walsh V. The right parietal cortex and time perception: back to Critchley and the Zeitraffer phenomenon. Cogn Neuropsychol 2012; 22:306-15. [PMID: 21038252 DOI: 10.1080/02643290442000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of the posterior parietal cortex in time perception by temporarily disrupting normal functioning in this region, in subjects making prospective judgements of time or pitch. Disruption of the right posterior parietal cortex significantly slowed reaction times when making time, but not pitch, judgements. Similar interference with the left parietal cortex and control stimulation over the vertex did not significantly change performance on either pitch or time tasks. The results show that the information processing necessary for temporal judgements involves the parietal cortex, probably to optimise spatiotemporal accuracy in voluntary action. The results are in agreement with a recent neuroimaging study and are discussed with regard to a psychological model of temporal processing and a recent proposal that time is part of a parietal cortex system for encoding magnitude information relevant for action.
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Bonato M, Zorzi M, Umiltà C. When time is space: evidence for a mental time line. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:2257-73. [PMID: 22935777 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time and space are tightly linked in the physical word. Recently, several lines of evidence have suggested that the mental representation of time might be spatial in nature. For instance, time-space interactions have been described as a strong preference to associate the past with the left space and the future with the right space. Here we review the growing evidence of interactions between time and space processing, systematized according to the type of interaction being investigated. We present the empirical findings supporting the possibility that humans represent the subjective time flow on a spatially oriented "mental time line" that is accessed through spatial attention mechanisms. The heterogeneous time-space interactions are then compared with the number-space interactions described in the numerical cognition literature. An alternative hypothesis, which maintains a common system for magnitude processing, including time, space, and number, is also discussed. Finally, we extend the discussion to the more general issue of how the representation of these concepts might be grounded into the cortical circuits that support spatial attention and sensorimotor transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bonato
- Department of General Psychology and Center for Cognitive Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Piefke M, Onur ÖA, Fink GR. Aging-related changes of neural mechanisms underlying visual-spatial working memory. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1284-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Marchant JL, Driver J. Visual and audiovisual effects of isochronous timing on visual perception and brain activity. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:1290-8. [PMID: 22508766 PMCID: PMC3643713 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the brain extracts and combines temporal structure (rhythm) information from events presented to different senses remains unresolved. Many neuroimaging beat perception studies have focused on the auditory domain and show the presence of a highly regular beat (isochrony) in “auditory” stimulus streams enhances neural responses in a distributed brain network and affects perceptual performance. Here, we acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements of brain activity while healthy human participants performed a visual task on isochronous versus randomly timed “visual” streams, with or without concurrent task-irrelevant sounds. We found that visual detection of higher intensity oddball targets was better for isochronous than randomly timed streams, extending previous auditory findings to vision. The impact of isochrony on visual target sensitivity correlated positively with fMRI signal changes not only in visual cortex but also in auditory sensory cortex during audiovisual presentations. Visual isochrony activated a similar timing-related brain network to that previously found primarily in auditory beat perception work. Finally, activity in multisensory left posterior superior temporal sulcus increased specifically during concurrent isochronous audiovisual presentations. These results indicate that regular isochronous timing can modulate visual processing and this can also involve multisensory audiovisual brain mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Marchant
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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zu Eulenburg P, Müller-Forell W, Dieterich M. On the recall of vestibular sensations. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 218:255-67. [PMID: 22367249 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies on the recall or imagination of a distinctive task in the motor network or of sensations in sensory systems (visual, acoustic, nociceptive, gustatory, and olfactory) demonstrated that the respective primary cortex is often involved in the mental imagery process. Our aim was to examine this phenomenon in the vestibular system using fMRI. Sixteen healthy subjects were asked to remember the feeling of a rotatory chair procedure in contrast to an identical situation at rest. Shortly afterwards they were asked to recall the vestibular experience in a 1.5-T scanner. The resulting activations were then compared with the responses of a galvanic vestibular control experiment and a rest condition. The vestibular recall showed significant bihemispheric activations in the inferior frontal gyri, the anterior operculum, the middle cingulate, the putamen, the globus pallidus, the premotor motor cortex, and the anterior insula. We found activations in regions known to play a role in spatial referencing, motor programs, and attention in the recall of vestibular sensations. But important known relay stations for the cortical processing of vestibular information showed neither relevant activations nor deactivations.
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