1
|
Yang 杨炀 Y, Li 李君君 J, Zhao 赵恺 K, Tam F, Graham SJ, Xu 徐敏 M, Zhou 周可 K. Lateralized Functional Connectivity of the Sensorimotor Cortex and its Variations During Complex Visuomotor Tasks. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0723232023. [PMID: 38050101 PMCID: PMC10860583 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0723-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the left hemisphere dominates motor function, often observed through homotopic activation measurements. Using a functional connectivity approach, this study investigated the lateralization of the sensorimotor cortex during handwriting and drawing, two complex visuomotor tasks with varying contextual demands. We found that both left- and right-lateralized connectivity in the primary motor cortex (M1), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), somatosensory cortex, and visual regions were evident in adults (males and females), primarily in an interhemispheric integrative fashion. Critically, these lateralization tendencies remained highly invariant across task contexts, representing a task-invariant neural architecture for encoding fundamental motor programs consistently implemented in different task contexts. Additionally, the PMd exhibited a slight variation in lateralization degree between task contexts, reflecting the ability of the high-order motor system to adapt to varying task demands. However, connectivity-based lateralization of the sensorimotor cortex was not detected in 10-year-old children (males and females), suggesting that the maturation of connectivity-based lateralization requires prolonged development. In summary, this study demonstrates both task-invariant and task-sensitive connectivity lateralization in sensorimotor cortices that support the resilience and adaptability of skilled visuomotor performance. These findings align with the hierarchical organization of the motor system and underscore the significance of the functional connectivity-based approach in studying functional lateralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang 杨炀
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjun Li 李君君
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Zhao 赵恺
- Institute of Brain Trauma and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Fred Tam
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Min Xu 徐敏
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ke Zhou 周可
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rayson H, Szul MJ, El-Khoueiry P, Debnath R, Gautier-Martins M, Ferrari PF, Fox N, Bonaiuto JJ. Bursting with Potential: How Sensorimotor Beta Bursts Develop from Infancy to Adulthood. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8487-8503. [PMID: 37833066 PMCID: PMC10711718 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0886-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta activity is thought to play a critical role in sensorimotor processes. However, little is known about how activity in this frequency band develops. Here, we investigated the developmental trajectory of sensorimotor beta activity from infancy to adulthood. We recorded EEG from 9-month-old, 12-month-old, and adult humans (male and female) while they observed and executed grasping movements. We analyzed "beta burst" activity using a novel method that combines time-frequency decomposition and principal component analysis. We then examined the changes in burst rate and waveform motifs along the selected principal components. Our results reveal systematic changes in beta activity during action execution across development. We found a decrease in beta burst rate during movement execution in all age groups, with the greatest decrease observed in adults. Additionally, we identified three principal components that defined waveform motifs that systematically changed throughout the trial. We found that bursts with waveform shapes closer to the median waveform were not rate-modulated, whereas those with waveform shapes further from the median were differentially rate-modulated. Interestingly, the decrease in the rate of certain burst motifs occurred earlier during movement and was more lateralized in adults than in infants, suggesting that the rate modulation of specific types of beta bursts becomes increasingly refined with age.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We demonstrate that, like in adults, sensorimotor beta activity in infants during reaching and grasping movements occurs in bursts, not oscillations like thought traditionally. Furthermore, different beta waveform shapes were differentially modulated with age, including more lateralization in adults. Aberrant beta activity characterizes various developmental disorders and motor difficulties linked to early brain injury, so looking at burst waveform shape could provide more sensitivity for early identification and treatment of affected individuals before any behavioral symptoms emerge. More generally, comparison of beta burst activity in typical versus atypical motor development will also be instrumental in teasing apart the mechanistic functional roles of different types of beta bursts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Rayson
- Institut des Sciences, Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5229, Bron, 69500, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69100, France
- Inovarion, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Maciej J Szul
- Institut des Sciences, Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5229, Bron, 69500, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69100, France
| | - Perla El-Khoueiry
- Institut des Sciences, Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5229, Bron, 69500, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69100, France
| | - Ranjan Debnath
- Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, 35394, Germany
| | - Marine Gautier-Martins
- Institut des Sciences, Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5229, Bron, 69500, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69100, France
| | - Pier F Ferrari
- Institut des Sciences, Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5229, Bron, 69500, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69100, France
| | - Nathan Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
| | - James J Bonaiuto
- Institut des Sciences, Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5229, Bron, 69500, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69100, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong Y, Deng X, Xie M, Yu L, Qian L, Chen G, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Zhou Z, Long L. Gestational age-related changes in relaxation times of neonatal brain by quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Behav 2023:e3068. [PMID: 37248768 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the correlation between T1 and T2 relaxation times of synthetic MRI (SyMRI) and gestational age (GA) in each hemisphere of preterm and term newborns at the initial 28 days of birth. METHODS Seventy preterm and full-term infants were prospectively included in this study. All subjects completed 3.0 T routine MRI and SyMRI (MAGiC) one-stop scanning within 28 days of birth (aged 34-42 W at examination). The SyMRI postprocessing software (v8.0.4) was used to measure the T1 and T2 relaxation values of each brain region. The linear regression equations of quantitative relaxation values with GA were established to compare the variation speed in each brain region. RESULTS A significant linear and negative correlation was found between relaxation times and GA in the neonate cerebral cortex and subcortical gray and white matter regions (All p<.05). The relaxation time of the left centrum semiovale decreased with maximum variance with increasing GA among all white matter regions (T1: b = -51.45, β = -0.65, p < .0001; T2: b = -8.77, β = -0.71, p < .0001), whereas the right posterior limb of internal capsule showed minimal variance (T1: b = -27.94, β = -0.60, p < .0001; T2: b = -3.25, β = -0.68, p < .0001). Among all gray matter regions, the right globus pallidus and thalamus indicated the most significant decreasing degree of T1 and T2 relaxation values with GA (right globus pallidus T1: b = -33.14, β = -0.64, p < .0001; right thalamus T2: b = -3.94, β = -0.81, p < .0001), and the right and left occipital lobes indicated the least significant decreasing degree of T1 and T2 relaxation values with GA, respectively (right occipital lobes T1: b = -11.18, β = -0.26, p = .028; left occipital lobes T2: b = -1.22, β = -0.27, p = .024). CONCLUSIONS SyMRI could quantitatively evaluate the linear changes of T1 and T2 relaxation values with GA in brain gray and white matter of preterm and term neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xianyu Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Meizhen Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yanyun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Liling Long
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Diers M, Fuchs X, Bekrater-Bodmann R, Flor H. Prevalence of Phantom Phenomena in Congenital and Early-Life Amputees. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:502-508. [PMID: 36273776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a common consequence of the amputation of a limb. Persons with congenital limb absence (congenital amputees) or an acquired limb amputation at an early age seem to rarely experience PLP. However, the number of available studies and their sample sizes are low. In the present cross-sectional study, we assessed the presence of several phantom phenomena in a sample of 99 adult unilateral congenital amputees (con) of whom 34 had a limb correction later in life (limbc) and 153 adult participants with a unilateral amputation before the age of 6 years (subgroups: amputation between birth and 2 years (0-2y; n = 48), 3-4 years (3-4y; n = 46), and 5 to 6 years (5-6y; n = 59)). We found a higher prevalence and intensity of PLP in the 5-6y group compared to the other groups. Residual limb pain (RLP) intensity was higher in the 3 to 4 y and 5 to 6 y groups compared to the con group. Non-painful phantom limb sensation (PLS) intensity and telescoping intensity were higher in the 5 to 6 y group compared to the con and 0 to 2 y groups. Our results indicate that PLP prevalence as well as intensity is low when the limb loss happened before the age of 5 years. PERSPECTIVE: The prevalence of phantom limb pain, residual limb pain, and non-painful phantom limb sensation in congenital amputees and participants with an amputation early in life is low. This might be due to the missing or reduced nociceptive input from the residual limb to the brain and higher development-associated adaptability of the somatosensory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Diers
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Xaver Fuchs
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Robin Bekrater-Bodmann
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, SMI®, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The cerebral microcirculation undergoes dynamic changes in parallel with the development of neurons, glia, and their energy metabolism throughout gestation and postnatally. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen consumption, and glucose consumption are as low as 20% of adult levels in humans born prematurely but eventually exceed adult levels at ages 3 to 11 years, which coincide with the period of continued brain growth, synapse formation, synapse pruning, and myelination. Neurovascular coupling to sensory activation is present but attenuated at birth. By 2 postnatal months, the increase in CBF often is disproportionately smaller than the increase in oxygen consumption, in contrast to the relative hyperemia seen in adults. Vascular smooth muscle myogenic tone increases in parallel with developmental increases in arterial pressure. CBF autoregulatory response to increased arterial pressure is intact at birth but has a more limited range with arterial hypotension. Hypoxia-induced vasodilation in preterm fetal sheep with low oxygen consumption does not sustain cerebral oxygen transport, but the response becomes better developed for sustaining oxygen transport by term. Nitric oxide tonically inhibits vasomotor tone, and glutamate receptor activation can evoke its release in lambs and piglets. In piglets, astrocyte-derived carbon monoxide plays a central role in vasodilation evoked by glutamate, ADP, and seizures, and prostanoids play a large role in endothelial-dependent and hypercapnic vasodilation. Overall, homeostatic mechanisms of CBF regulation in response to arterial pressure, neuronal activity, carbon dioxide, and oxygenation are present at birth but continue to develop postnatally as neurovascular signaling pathways are dynamically altered and integrated. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-62, 2021.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sexual Dimorphisms and Asymmetries of the Thalamo-Cortical Pathways and Subcortical Grey Matter of Term Born Healthy Neonates: An Investigation with Diffusion Tensor MRI. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030560. [PMID: 33804771 PMCID: PMC8003947 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-tensor-MRI was performed on 28 term born neonates. For each hemisphere, we quantified separately the axial and the radial diffusion (AD, RD), the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the thalamo-cortical pathway (THC) and four structures: thalamus (TH), putamen (PT), caudate nucleus (CN) and globus-pallidus (GP). There was no significant difference between boys and girls in either the left or in the right hemispheric THC, TH, GP, CN and PT. In the combined group (boys + girls) significant left greater than right symmetry was observed in the THC (AD, RD and ADC), and TH (AD, ADC). Within the same group, we reported left greater than right asymmetry in the PT (FA), CN (RD and ADC). Different findings were recorded when we split the group of neonates by gender. Girls exhibited right > left AD, RD and ADC in the THC and left > right FA in the PT. In the group of boys, we observed right > left RD and ADC. We also reported left > right FA in the PT and left > right RD in the CN. These results provide insights into normal asymmetric development of sensory-motor networks within boys and girls.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lemaître H, Augé P, Saitovitch A, Vinçon-Leite A, Tacchella JM, Fillon L, Calmon R, Dangouloff-Ros V, Lévy R, Grévent D, Brunelle F, Boddaert N, Zilbovicius M. Rest Functional Brain Maturation during the First Year of Life. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1776-1785. [PMID: 33230520 PMCID: PMC7869100 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The first year of life is a key period of brain development, characterized by dramatic structural and functional modifications. Here, we measured rest cerebral blood flow (CBF) modifications throughout babies’ first year of life using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging sequence in 52 infants, from 3 to 12 months of age. Overall, global rest CBF significantly increased during this age span. In addition, we found marked regional differences in local functional brain maturation. While primary sensorimotor cortices and insula showed early maturation, temporal and prefrontal region presented great rest CBF increase across the first year of life. Moreover, we highlighted a late and remarkably synchronous maturation of the prefrontal and posterior superior temporal cortices. These different patterns of regional cortical rest CBF modifications reflect a timetable of local functional brain maturation and are consistent with baby’s cognitive development within the first year of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lemaître
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (CNRS UMR 5293), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Pierre Augé
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ana Saitovitch
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - Alice Vinçon-Leite
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jean-Marc Tacchella
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ludovic Fillon
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - Raphael Calmon
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - Volodia Dangouloff-Ros
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - Raphaël Lévy
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - David Grévent
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - Francis Brunelle
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| | - Monica Zilbovicius
- INSERM UA10, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Imagine Institute (UMR 1163), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris 75015, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carrier M, Guilbert J, Lévesque JP, Tremblay MÈ, Desjardins M. Structural and Functional Features of Developing Brain Capillaries, and Their Alteration in Schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:595002. [PMID: 33519380 PMCID: PMC7843388 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.595002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia affects more than 1% of the world's population and shows very high heterogeneity in the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms experienced by patients. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying this neurodevelopmental disorder are largely unknown, although it is proposed to emerge from multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. In this work, we explore the potential alterations in the developing blood vessel network which could contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Specifically, we discuss how the vascular network evolves during early postnatal life and how genetic and environmental risk factors can lead to detrimental changes. Blood vessels, capillaries in particular, constitute a dynamic and complex infrastructure distributing oxygen and nutrients to the brain. During postnatal development, capillaries undergo many structural and anatomical changes in order to form a fully functional, mature vascular network. Advanced technologies like magnetic resonance imaging and near infrared spectroscopy are now enabling to study how the brain vasculature and its supporting features are established in humans from birth until adulthood. Furthermore, the contribution of the different neurovascular unit elements, including pericytes, endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia, to proper brain function and behavior, can be dissected. This investigation conducted among different brain regions altered in schizophrenia, such as the prefrontal cortex, may provide further evidence that schizophrenia can be considered a neurovascular disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaël Carrier
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérémie Guilbert
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Lévesque
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ciarrusta J, Dimitrova R, McAlonan G. Early maturation of the social brain: How brain development provides a platform for the acquisition of social-cognitive competence. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 254:49-70. [PMID: 32859293 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Across the last century psychology has provided a lot of insight about social-cognitive competence. Recognizing facial expressions, joint attention, discrimination of cues and experiencing empathy are just a few examples of the social skills humans acquire from birth to adolescence. However, how very early brain maturation provides a platform to support the attainment of highly complex social behavior later in development remains poorly understood. Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides a safe means to investigate the typical and atypical maturation of regions of the brain responsible for social cognition in as early as the perinatal period. Here, we first review some technical challenges and advances of using functional magnetic resonance imaging on developing infants to then describe current knowledge on the development of diverse systems associated with social function. We will then explain how these characteristics might differ in infants with genetic or environmental risk factors, who are vulnerable to atypical neurodevelopment. Finally, given the rapid early development of systems necessary for social skills, we propose a new framework to investigate sensitive time windows of development when neural substrates might be more vulnerable to impairment due to a genetic or environmental insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Ciarrusta
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ralica Dimitrova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Whitehead K, Papadelis C, Laudiano-Dray MP, Meek J, Fabrizi L. The Emergence of Hierarchical Somatosensory Processing in Late Prematurity. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2245-2260. [PMID: 30843584 PMCID: PMC6458926 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The somatosensory system has a hierarchical organization. Information processing increases in complexity from the contralateral primary sensory cortex to bilateral association cortices and this is represented by a sequence of somatosensory-evoked potentials recorded with scalp electroencephalographies. The mammalian somatosensory system matures over the early postnatal period in a rostro-caudal progression, but little is known about the development of hierarchical information processing in the human infant brain. To investigate the normal human development of the somatosensory hierarchy, we recorded potentials evoked by mechanical stimulation of hands and feet in 34 infants between 34 and 42 weeks corrected gestational age, with median postnatal age of 3 days. We show that the shortest latency potential was evoked for both hands and feet at all ages with a contralateral somatotopic source in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). However, the longer latency responses, localized in SI and beyond, matured with age. They gradually emerged for the foot and, although always present for the hand, showed a shift from purely contralateral to bilateral hemispheric activation. These results demonstrate the rostro-caudal development of human somatosensory hierarchy and suggest that the development of its higher tiers is complete only just before the time of normal birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Papadelis
- Laboratory of Children's Brain Dynamics, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M P Laudiano-Dray
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Meek
- Neonatal Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - L Fabrizi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dix LML, Shepherd K, Polglase GR, Miller SL, Sehgal A, Wong FY. The Cerebral Hemodynamic Response to Pain in Preterm Infants With Fetal Growth Restriction. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:268. [PMID: 32537447 PMCID: PMC7267032 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preterm infants undergoing intensive care often experience painful procedures such as heel lance for blood sampling. Knowledge of the cerebral hemodynamic response to painful stimuli contributes to understanding of cortical pain processing and the neurovascular network in the preterm brain. Previous research has demonstrated cerebral hemodynamic responses using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) after noxious stimuli in infants appropriately grown for age (AGA). But this has not been studied in infants born small for gestational age after fetal growth restriction (FGR). FGR infants differ in brain development due to utero-placental insufficiency leading to the intrauterine growth restriction, and cerebral response to pain may be altered. Objectives: We aimed to compare the cerebral hemodynamic response to painful stimuli (heel lance) in FGR and AGA infants. Methods: Preterm FGR infants (n = 20) and AGA infants (n = 15) born at 28-32 weeks' gestation were studied at mean ± SD postnatal age of 11.5 ± 2.4 and 10.5 ± 2.4 days, respectively. Infants had baseline echocardiographic assessment of ductus arteriosus and stroke volume. They were monitored with NIRS for changes in tissue oxygenation index (TOI, %), and oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin (ΔO2Hb, ΔHHb, and ΔTHb) in contralateral and ipsilateral cerebral hemispheres, during a heel lance. Results: At baseline, FGR infants had significantly lower TOI, higher heart rate, and lower stroke volume compared to AGA infants. Most infants in both groups showed increase in each of the NIRS parameters in the contralateral hemisphere following heel lance. However, more AGA infants (6/15) showed decreased ΔTHb compared to FGR infants (1/20) (p = 0.016). The magnitude of cerebral hemodynamic response and time to response did not differ between FGR and AGA infants. FGR infants showed larger ΔO2Hb in the contralateral compared to ipsilateral cortex (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Preterm FGR infants have reduced stroke volume and lower cerebral oxygenation compared to AGA infants in the second to third week of life. FGR infants show similar cerebral hemodynamic responses to noxious stimuli compared to AGA infants. However, FGR infants are less likely to have a cerebral vasoconstrictive response, possibly due to cerebrovascular changes following placental insufficiency and brain sparing in-utero.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M L Dix
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kelsee Shepherd
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arvind Sehgal
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Flora Y Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nourhashemi M, Mahmoudzadeh M, Goudjil S, Kongolo G, Wallois F. Neurovascular coupling in the developing neonatal brain at rest. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:503-519. [PMID: 31600024 PMCID: PMC7268021 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal brain is an extremely dynamic organization undergoing essential development in terms of connectivity and function. Several functional imaging investigations of the developing brain have found neurovascular coupling (NVC) patterns that contrast with those observed in adults. These discrepancies are partly due to that NVC is still developing in the neonatal brain. To characterize the vascular response to spontaneous neuronal activations, a multiscale multimodal noninvasive approach combining simultaneous electrical, hemodynamic, and metabolic recordings has been developed for preterm infants. Our results demonstrate that the immature vascular network does not adopt a unique strategy to respond to spontaneous cortical activations. NVC takes on different forms in the same preterm infant during the same recording session in response to very similar types of neural activation. This includes (a) positive stereotyped hemodynamic responses (increases in HbO, decreases in HbR together with increases in rCBF and rCMRO2), (b) negative hemodynamic responses (increases in HbR, decreases in HbO together with decreases in rCBF and rCMRO2), and (c) Increases and decreases in both HbO‐HbR and rCMRO2 together with no changes in rCBF. Age‐related NVC maturation is demonstrated in preterm infants, which can contribute to a better understanding/prevention of cerebral hemodynamic risks in these infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nourhashemi
- INSERM U 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie, CHU Sud, rue René Laennec, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh
- INSERM U 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie, CHU Sud, rue René Laennec, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Sabrina Goudjil
- INSERM U 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie, CHU Sud, rue René Laennec, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Guy Kongolo
- INSERM U 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie, CHU Sud, rue René Laennec, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- INSERM U 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie, CHU Sud, rue René Laennec, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jin C, Li Y, Li X, Liu C, Wang M, Cheng Y, Zheng J, Yang J. Associations of gestational age and birth anthropometric indicators with brain white matter maturation in full-term neonates. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3620-3630. [PMID: 31056805 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn assessments, including gestational age (GA) and anthropometric measurements (birth weight, crown-heel length, head circumference) are routinely performed in pediatric settings, being used as important indicators in assessing neonatal development. Close associations of these birth indicators with later cognitive abilities were also reported. However, specific associations of these indicators with white matter (WM) development during the neonatal period remain unclear, as well as the extent to which they influence WM maturation. To address this issue, 51 full-term neonates (GA range, 37-42 weeks) with no abnormalities on MRI were retrospectively recruited. Specific correlations between birth indicators and WM maturation, quantified by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-metrics (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity), were identified by using DTI tract-based spatial statistics and automated fiber-tract quantification. Our findings suggest that (a) higher GA, birth weight, and crown-heel length may indicate greater WM maturation in full-term neonates, while head circumference presented weak correlation with WM maturation during early newborn period; (b) among the four indicators examined, GA was the one most associated with WM maturation. We believe that this study advances our knowledge of specific correlations between birth indicators and neonatal brain development and provides a valuable reference for future neonatal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xianjun Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yannan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hendrikx D, Smits A, Lavanga M, De Wel O, Thewissen L, Jansen K, Caicedo A, Van Huffel S, Naulaers G. Measurement of Neurovascular Coupling in Neonates. Front Physiol 2019; 10:65. [PMID: 30833901 PMCID: PMC6387909 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling refers to the mechanism that links the transient neural activity to the subsequent change in cerebral blood flow, which is regulated by both chemical signals and mechanical effects. Recent studies suggest that neurovascular coupling in neonates and preterm born infants is different compared to adults. The hemodynamic response after a stimulus is later and less pronounced and the stimulus might even result in a negative (hypoxic) signal. In addition, studies both in animals and neonates confirm the presence of a short hypoxic period after a stimulus in preterm infants. In clinical practice, different methodologies exist to study neurovascular coupling. The combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional near-infrared spectroscopy (brain hemodynamics) with EEG (brain function) is most commonly used in neonates. Especially near-infrared spectroscopy is of interest, since it is a non-invasive method that can be integrated easily in clinical care and is able to provide results concerning longer periods of time. Therefore, near-infrared spectroscopy can be used to develop a continuous non-invasive measurement system, that could be used to study neonates in different clinical settings, or neonates with different pathologies. The main challenge for the development of a continuous marker for neurovascular coupling is how the coupling between the signals can be described. In practice, a wide range of signal interaction measures exist. Moreover, biomedical signals often operate on different time scales. In a more general setting, other variables also have to be taken into account, such as oxygen saturation, carbon dioxide and blood pressure in order to describe neurovascular coupling in a concise manner. Recently, new mathematical techniques were developed to give an answer to these questions. This review discusses these recent developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries Hendrikx
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Smits
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Lavanga
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ofelie De Wel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Thewissen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Jansen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Child Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Caicedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sabine Van Huffel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Naulaers
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Counsell SJ, Arichi T, Arulkumaran S, Rutherford MA. Fetal and neonatal neuroimaging. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 162:67-103. [PMID: 31324329 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64029-1.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide detail of the soft tissues of the fetal and neonatal brain that cannot be obtained by any other imaging modality. Conventional T1 and T2 weighted sequences provide anatomic detail of the normally developing brain and can demonstrate lesions, including those associated with preterm birth, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, perinatal arterial stroke, infections, and congenital malformations. Specialized imaging techniques can be used to assess cerebral vasculature (magnetic resonance angiography and venography), cerebral metabolism (magnetic resonance spectroscopy), cerebral perfusion (arterial spin labeling), and function (functional MRI). A wealth of quantitative tools, most of which were originally developed for the adult brain, can be applied to study the developing brain in utero and postnatally including measures of tissue microstructure obtained from diffusion MRI, morphometric studies to measure whole brain and regional tissue volumes, and automated approaches to study cortical folding. In this chapter, we aim to describe different imaging approaches for the fetal and neonatal brain, and to discuss their use in a range of clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Arulkumaran
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cusack R, McCuaig O, Linke AC. Methodological challenges in the comparison of infant fMRI across age groups. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 33:194-205. [PMID: 29158073 PMCID: PMC6969274 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) in infants is rapidly growing and providing fundamental insights into the origins of brain functions. Comparing brain development at different ages is particularly powerful, but there are a number of methodological challenges that must be addressed if confounds are to be avoided. With development, brains change in composition in a way that alters their tissue contrast, and in size, shape, and gyrification, requiring careful image processing strategies and age-specific standard templates. The hemodynamic response and other aspects of physiology change with age, requiring careful paradigm design and analysis methods. Infants move more, particularly around the second year of age, and move in a different way to adults. This movement can lead to distortion in fMRI images, and requires tailored techniques during acquisition and post-processing. Infants have different sleep patterns, and their sensory periphery is changing macroscopically and in its neural pathways. Finally, once data have been acquired and analyzed, there are important considerations during mapping of brain processes and cognitive functions across age groups. In summary, new methods are critical to the comparison across age groups, and key to maximizing the rate at which infant fMRI can provide insight into the fascinating questions about the origin of cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhodri Cusack
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Canada; Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Proper timing for the evaluation of neonatal brain white matter development: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:1527-1537. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
18
|
Lejeune F, Borradori Tolsa C, Gentaz E, Barisnikov K. Fragility of haptic memory in human full-term newborns. Infant Behav Dev 2018; 52:45-55. [PMID: 29860156 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have established that newborns can memorize tactile information about the specific features of an object with their hands and detect differences with another object. However, the robustness of haptic memory abilities has already been examined in preterm newborns and in full-term infants, but not yet in full-term newborns. This research is aimed to better understand the robustness of haptic memory abilities at birth by examining the effects of a change in the objects' temperature and haptic interference. METHODS Sixty-eight full-term newborns (mean postnatal age: 2.5 days) were included. The two experiments were conducted in three phases: habituation (repeated presentation of the same object, a prism or cylinder in the newborn's hand), discrimination (presentation of a novel object), and recognition (presentation of the familiar object). In Experiment 1, the change in the objects' temperature was controlled during the three phases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Results reveal that newborns can memorize specific features that differentiate prism and cylinder shapes by touch, and discriminate between them, but surprisingly they did not show evidence of recognizing them after interference. As no significant effect of the temperature condition was observed in habituation, discrimination and recognition abilities, these findings suggest that discrimination abilities in newborns may be determined by the detection of shape differences. Overall, it seems that the ontogenesis of haptic recognition memory is not linear. The developmental schedule is likely crucial for haptic development between 34 and 40 GW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Lejeune
- Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, FPSE, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Sensorimotor, Affective and Social Development Unit, FPSE, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Cristina Borradori Tolsa
- Division of Development and Growth, Child and Adolescent Department, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Edouard Gentaz
- Sensorimotor, Affective and Social Development Unit, FPSE, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Koviljka Barisnikov
- Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, FPSE, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
de Oliveira SR, de Paula Machado ACC, de Paula JJ, de Moraes PHP, Nahin MJS, Magalhães LDC, Novi SL, Mesquita RC, de Miranda DM, Bouzada MCF. Association between hemodynamic activity and motor performance in six-month-old full-term and preterm infants: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. NEUROPHOTONICS 2018; 5:011016. [PMID: 29057284 PMCID: PMC5637226 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.1.011016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess task-induced activation in motor cortex and its association with motor performance in full-term and preterm born infants at six months old. A cross-sectional study of 73 six-month-old infants was conducted (35 full-term and 38 preterm infants). Motor performance was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development third edition-Bayley-III. Brain hemodynamic activity during motor task was measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Motor performance was similar in full-term and preterm infants. However, differences in hemodynamic response were identified. Full terms showed a more homogeneous unilateral and contralateral activated area, whereas in preterm-born the activation response was predominantly bilateral. The full-term group also exhibited a shorter latency for the hemodynamic response than the preterm group. Hemodynamic activity in the left sensorimotor region was positively associated with motor performance measured by Bayley-III. The results highlight the adequacy of fNIRS to assess differences in task-induced activation in sensorimotor cortex between groups. The association between motor performance and the hemodynamic activity require further investigation and suggest that fNIRS can become a suitable auxiliary tool to investigate aspects of neural basis on early development of motor abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Rosa de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Address all correspondence to: Suelen Rosa de Oliveira, E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Lívia de Castro Magalhães
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Occupational Therapy, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sergio L. Novi
- University of Campinas, Institute of Physics, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Keunen K, Counsell SJ, Benders MJ. The emergence of functional architecture during early brain development. Neuroimage 2017; 160:2-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
21
|
Atun-Einy O, Tonetti L, Boreggiani M, Natale V, Scher A. Infant motor activity during sleep: Simultaneous use of two actigraphs comparing right and left legs. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 57:357-365. [PMID: 28964551 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Motor asymmetry during the first hours of sleep documented in adults found higher activity in the non-dominant limb. The stage of development at which such asymmetries first appear is unknown. Twenty healthy infants were followed from 7 to 12months of age, at 3-week intervals, comparing motor activity of the right and left legs during sleep using twin actigraphs (AMI). Hour-by-hour analysis of the first seven hours of nocturnal sleep found no consistent difference in activity levels between the right and left legs. Using the standard algorithm for infants, which provides an overall estimate of sleep quality, revealed discrepancies in night waking episodes (Right versus Left) in 33% of the nights. Results pertaining to leg movement suggest that motor asymmetry is not yet present during the first year of life. However, given the large discrepancies in the detection of night waking, further investigation of the developmental course of circadian motor asymmetry is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Atun-Einy
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Lorenzo Tonetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Natale
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anat Scher
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nakamura S, Walker DW, Wong FY. Cerebral haemodynamic response to somatosensory stimulation in neonatal lambs. J Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28643877 DOI: 10.1113/jp274244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Cerebral haemodynamic response to neural stimulation has been extensively studied in adults, but little is known about cerebral haemodynamic response in the fetal and neonatal brain. The present study describes the cerebral haemodynamic response measured by near infrared spectroscopy to somatosensory stimulation in newborn lambs, in comparison to recent findings in fetal sheep. The cerebral haemodynamic responses in the newborn lamb brain can involve an increase in oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb), or a decrease of oxyHb suggestive of reduced perfusion and oxygenation. Positive correlations between changes in oxyHb and mean arterial blood pressure were found in newborn but not fetal sheep, which suggests the result is unlikely to be due to immature autoregulation alone. In contrast to adult studies, hypercapnia increased the changes in cerebral blood flow and oxyHb in most of the lambs in response to somatosensory stimulation. ABSTRACT The neurovascular coupling response has been defined for the adult brain, but in the neonate non-invasive measurement of local cerebral perfusion using near infrared spectroscopy or blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging have yielded variable and inconsistent results, including negative responses suggesting decreased perfusion and localized tissue tissue hypoxia. Also, the impact of permissive hypercapnia (P aC O2 > 50 mmHg) in the management of neonates on cerebrovascular responses to somatosensory input is unknown. Using near infrared spectroscopy to measure changes in cerebral oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin (ΔoxyHb, ΔdeoxyHb) in eight anaesthetized newborn lambs, we studied the cerebral haemodynamic functional response to left median nerve stimulation using stimulus trains of 1.8, 4.8 and 7.8 s. Stimulation always produced a somatosensory evoked response, and superficial cortical perfusion measured by laser Doppler flowmetry predominantly increased following median nerve stimulation. However, with 1.8 s stimulation, oxyHb responses in the contralateral hemisphere were either positive (i.e. increased oxyHb), negative, or absent; and with 4.8 and 7.8 s stimulations, both positive and negative responses were observed. Hypercapnia increased baseline oxyHb and total Hb consistent with cerebral vasodilatation, and six of seven lambs tested showed increased Δtotal Hb responses after the 7.8 s stimulation, among which four lambs also showed increased ΔoxyHb responses. In two of three lambs, the negative ΔoxyHb response became a positive pattern during hypercapnia. These results show that instead of functional hyperaemia, somatosensory stimulation can evoke negative (decreased oxyHb, total Hb) functional responses in the neonatal brain suggestive of decreased local perfusion and vasoconstriction, and that hypercapnia produces both baseline hyperperfusion and increased functional hyperaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - David W Walker
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Flora Y Wong
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Scheef L, Nordmeyer-Massner JA, Smith-Collins APR, Müller N, Stegmann-Woessner G, Jankowski J, Gieseke J, Born M, Seitz H, Bartmann P, Schild HH, Pruessmann KP, Heep A, Boecker H. Functional Laterality of Task-Evoked Activation in Sensorimotor Cortex of Preterm Infants: An Optimized 3 T fMRI Study Employing a Customized Neonatal Head Coil. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169392. [PMID: 28076368 PMCID: PMC5226735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in neonates has been introduced as a non-invasive method for studying sensorimotor processing in the developing brain. However, previous neonatal studies have delivered conflicting results regarding localization, lateralization, and directionality of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses in sensorimotor cortex (SMC). Amongst the confounding factors in interpreting neonatal fMRI studies include the use of standard adult MR-coils providing insufficient signal to noise, and liberal statistical thresholds, compromising clinical interpretation at the single subject level. Patients / methods Here, we employed a custom-designed neonatal MR-coil adapted and optimized to the head size of a newborn in order to improve robustness, reliability and validity of neonatal sensorimotor fMRI. Thirteen preterm infants with a median gestational age of 26 weeks were scanned at term-corrected age using a prototype 8-channel neonatal head coil at 3T (Achieva, Philips, Best, NL). Sensorimotor stimulation was elicited by passive extension/flexion of the elbow at 1 Hz in a block design. Analysis of temporal signal to noise ratio (tSNR) was performed on the whole brain and the SMC, and was compared to data acquired with an ‘adult’ 8 channel head coil published previously. Task-evoked activation was determined by single-subject SPM8 analyses, thresholded at p < 0.05, whole-brain FWE-corrected. Results Using a custom-designed neonatal MR-coil, we found significant positive BOLD responses in contralateral SMC after unilateral passive sensorimotor stimulation in all neonates (analyses restricted to artifact-free data sets = 8/13). Improved imaging characteristics of the neonatal MR-coil were evidenced by additional phantom and in vivo tSNR measurements: phantom studies revealed a 240% global increase in tSNR; in vivo studies revealed a 73% global and a 55% local (SMC) increase in tSNR, as compared to the ‘adult’ MR-coil. Conclusions Our findings strengthen the importance of using optimized coil settings for neonatal fMRI, yielding robust and reproducible SMC activation at the single subject level. We conclude that functional lateralization of SMC activation, as found in children and adults, is already present in the newborn period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Scheef
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole Müller
- Department of Neonatology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Mark Born
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Neonatology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans H. Schild
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaas P. Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Heep
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Neonatology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nakamura S, Walker DW, Wong FY. Cerebral haemodynamic response to somatosensory stimulation in near-term fetal sheep. J Physiol 2016; 595:1289-1303. [PMID: 27805787 DOI: 10.1113/jp273163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Cerebral haemodynamic response to neural stimulation has been extensively investigated in animal and clinical studies, in both adult and paediatric populations, but little is known about cerebral haemodynamic functional response in the fetal brain. The present study describes the cerebral haemodynamic response measured by near-infrared spectroscopy to somatosensory stimulation in fetal sheep. The cerebral haemodynamic response in the fetal sheep brain changes from a positive (increase in oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb)) response pattern to a negative or biphasic response pattern when the duration of somatosensory stimulation is increased, probably due to cerebral vasoconstriction with prolonged stimulations. In contrast to adult studies, we have found that changes in fetal cerebral blood flow and oxyHb are positively increased in response to somatosensory stimulation during hypercapnia. We propose this is related to reduced vascular resistance and recruitment of cerebral vasculature in the fetal brain during hypercapnia. ABSTRACT Functional hyperaemia induced by a localised increase in neuronal activity has been suggested to occur in the fetal brain owing to a positive blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging following acoustic stimulation. To study the effect of somatosensory input on local cerebral perfusion we used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in anaesthetised, partially exteriorised fetal sheep where the median nerve was stimulated with trains of pulses (2 ms, 3.3 Hz) for durations of 1.8, 4.8 and 7.8 s. Signal averaging of cerebral NIRS responses to 20 stimulus trains repeated every 60 s revealed that a short duration of stimulation (1.8 s) increased oxyhaemoglobin in the contralateral cortex consistent with a positive functional response, whereas longer durations of stimulation (4.8, 7.8 s) produced more variable oxyhaemoglobin responses including positive, negative and biphasic patterns of change. Mean arterial blood pressure and cerebral perfusion as monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry always showed small, but coincident increases following median nerve stimulation regardless of the type of response detected by the NIRS in the contralateral cortex. Hypercapnia significantly increased the baseline total haemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin, and in 7 of 8 fetal sheep positively increased the changes in contralateral total haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin in response to the 7.8 s stimulus train, compared to the response recorded during normocapnia. These results show that activity-driven changes in cerebral perfusion and oxygen delivery are present in the fetal brain, and persist even during periods of hypercapnia-induced cerebral vasodilatation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - D W Walker
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - F Y Wong
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Verriotis M, Chang P, Fitzgerald M, Fabrizi L. The development of the nociceptive brain. Neuroscience 2016; 338:207-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
26
|
Al-Whaibi RM. Using senses to encourage head and upper limb voluntary movement in young infants: Implications for early intervention. Dev Neurorehabil 2016; 19:295-314. [PMID: 25826653 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2014.1002636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE It has long been suggested that a neonate's movement and responses to external stimuli are the product of reflexive reactions rather than purposeful movements. However, several studies have demonstrated that this is not the case. Rationale of literature included: This study seeks to review reports showing that sensory stimuli resulted in newborns recognising and responding to different stimuli with active head or upper limb movements. We also discuss this in the context of current literature about early training on the advancement of movement and brain development. Results and outcomes: Taken together, it is clear that early active experience shapes learning in newborns. CONCLUSIONS The impact of this research is most exciting for applications that would induce infants to make purposeful movements, especially as a means for early intervention and rehabilitation for the treatment of infants with or at high risk for developmental delay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Al-Whaibi
- a Rehabilitation Department , College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Noura University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kozberg M, Hillman E. Neurovascular coupling and energy metabolism in the developing brain. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 225:213-42. [PMID: 27130418 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the adult brain, increases in local neural activity are almost always accompanied by increases in local blood flow. However, many functional imaging studies of the newborn and developing human brain have observed patterns of hemodynamic responses that differ from adult responses. Among the proposed mechanisms for the observed variations is that neurovascular coupling itself is still developing in the perinatal brain. Many of the components thought to be involved in actuating and propagating this hemodynamic response are known to still be developing postnatally, including perivascular cells such as astrocytes and pericytes. Both neural and vascular networks expand and are then selectively pruned over the first year of human life. Additionally, the metabolic demands of the newborn brain are still evolving. These changes are highly likely to affect early postnatal neurovascular coupling, and thus may affect functional imaging signals in this age group. This chapter will discuss the literature relating to neurovascular development. Potential effects of normal and aberrant development of neurovascular coupling on the newborn brain will also be explored, as well as ways to effectively utilize imaging techniques that rely on hemodynamic modulation such as fMRI and NIRS in younger populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kozberg
- Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - E Hillman
- Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Institute for Mind Brain and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Navarra R, Sestieri C, Conte E, Salomone R, Mattei PA, Romani GL, Domizio S, Caulo M. Perinatal MRI diffusivity is related to early assessment of motor performance in preterm neonates. Neuroradiol J 2016; 29:137-45. [PMID: 26915895 DOI: 10.1177/1971400915628019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm neonates represent a high-risk population for abnormal neuropsychological development. But presently, an accurate method for identifying those at risk is not available. This study evaluated the association between the microstructural organization measured with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in term-corrected preterm neonates and subsequent motor performance. Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) were determined in two regions of interest (ROIs) corresponding to the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and cortico-spinal tract (CST). The Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS) were longitudinally administered at 3, 6 and 15 months; and correlations between the metrics of diffusivity and the motor subscale of the GMDS were assessed using the Spearman correlation. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the AD of PLIC of the left hemisphere and the 3-month GMDS Locomotor Subscale. These results suggested that AD is a valid indicator of the stage of maturation of the motor pathway in preterm neonates, but not of later motor outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Navarra
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Sestieri
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Conte
- Department of Neonatology, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Salomone
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Peter A Mattei
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gian L Romani
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sergio Domizio
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Caulo
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Allievi AG, Arichi T, Tusor N, Kimpton J, Arulkumaran S, Counsell SJ, Edwards AD, Burdet E. Maturation of Sensori-Motor Functional Responses in the Preterm Brain. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:402-413. [PMID: 26491066 PMCID: PMC4677983 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth engenders an increased risk of conditions like cerebral palsy and therefore this time may be crucial for the brain's developing sensori-motor system. However, little is known about how cortical sensori-motor function matures at this time, whether development is influenced by experience, and about its role in spontaneous motor behavior. We aimed to systematically characterize spatial and temporal maturation of sensori-motor functional brain activity across this period using functional MRI and a custom-made robotic stimulation device. We studied 57 infants aged from 30 + 2 to 43 + 2 weeks postmenstrual age. Following both induced and spontaneous right wrist movements, we saw consistent positive blood oxygen level–dependent functional responses in the contralateral (left) primary somatosensory and motor cortices. In addition, we saw a maturational trend toward faster, higher amplitude, and more spatially dispersed functional responses; and increasing integration of the ipsilateral hemisphere and sensori-motor associative areas. We also found that interhemispheric functional connectivity was significantly related to ex-utero exposure, suggesting the influence of experience-dependent mechanisms. At term equivalent age, we saw a decrease in both response amplitude and interhemispheric functional connectivity, and an increase in spatial specificity, culminating in the establishment of a sensori-motor functional response similar to that seen in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Department of Bioengineering.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nora Tusor
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, LondonSE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jessica Kimpton
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, LondonSE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sophie Arulkumaran
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, LondonSE1 7EH, UK
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, LondonSE1 7EH, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Department of Bioengineering.,Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stone KD, Gonzalez CLR. The contributions of vision and haptics to reaching and grasping. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1403. [PMID: 26441777 PMCID: PMC4584943 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive outlook on the sensory (visual and haptic) contributions to reaching and grasping. The focus is on studies in developing children, normal, and neuropsychological populations, and in sensory-deprived individuals. Studies have suggested a right-hand/left-hemisphere specialization for visually guided grasping and a left-hand/right-hemisphere specialization for haptically guided object recognition. This poses the interesting possibility that when vision is not available and grasping relies heavily on the haptic system, there is an advantage to use the left hand. We review the evidence for this possibility and dissect the unique contributions of the visual and haptic systems to grasping. We ultimately discuss how the integration of these two sensory modalities shape hand preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla D Stone
- The Brain in Action Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge AB, Canada
| | - Claudia L R Gonzalez
- The Brain in Action Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Developmental synergy between thalamic structure and interhemispheric connectivity in the visual system of preterm infants. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 8:462-72. [PMID: 26106571 PMCID: PMC4474422 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thalamic structural co-variation with cortical regions has been demonstrated in preterm infants, but its relationship to cortical function and severity of non-cystic white matter injury (non-cystic WMI) is unclear. The relationship between thalamic morphology and both cortical network synchronization and cortical structural connectivity has not been established. We tested the hypothesis that in preterm neonates, thalamic volume would correlate with primary cortical visual function and microstructural integrity of cortico-cortical visual association pathways. A total of 80 term-equivalent preterm and 44 term-born infants underwent high-resolution structural imaging coupled with visual functional magnetic resonance imaging or diffusion tensor imaging. There was a strong correlation between thalamic volume and primary visual cortical activation in preterms with non-cystic WMI (r = 0.81, p-value = 0.001). Thalamic volume also correlated strongly with interhemispheric cortico-cortical connectivity (splenium) in preterm neonates with a relatively higher severity of non-cystic WMI (p-value < 0.001). In contrast, there was lower correlation between thalamic volume and intrahemispheric cortico-cortical connectivity, including the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior frontal orbital fasciculus. This study shows distinct temporal overlap in the disruption of thalamo-cortical and interhemispheric cortico-cortical connectivity in preterm infants suggesting developmental synergy between thalamic morphology and the emergence of cortical networks in the last trimester.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Advances in methodology have led to expanded application of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to the study of term and prematurely born infants during the first years of life, providing fresh insight into the earliest forms of functional cerebral development. In this review, we detail our evolving understanding of the use of rs-fMRI for studying neonates. We initially focus on the biological processes of cortical development related to resting-state network development. We then review technical issues principally affecting neonatal investigations, including the effects of subject motion during acquisition and image distortions related to magnetic susceptibility effects. We next summarize the literature in which rs-fMRI is used to study normal brain development during the early postnatal period, the effects of prematurity, and the effects of cerebral injury. Finally, we review potential future directions for the field, such as the use of complementary imaging modalities and advanced analysis techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Smyser
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeffrey J. Neil
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Corresponding author. Jeff Neil, MD, PhD, Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, 333 Longwood Avenue, LO 450, Boston, MA 02115, phone (617) 355-6388, fax (617) 730-0284,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Williams G, Fabrizi L, Meek J, Jackson D, Tracey I, Robertson N, Slater R, Fitzgerald M. Functional magnetic resonance imaging can be used to explore tactile and nociceptive processing in the infant brain. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:158-66. [PMID: 25358870 PMCID: PMC4463763 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aim Despite the importance of neonatal skin stimulation, little is known about activation of the newborn human infant brain by sensory stimulation of the skin. We carried out functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the feasibility of measuring brain activation to a range of mechanical stimuli applied to the skin of neonatal infants. Methods We studied 19 term infants with a mean age of 13 days. Brain activation was measured in response to brushing, von Frey hair (vFh) punctate stimulation and, in one case, nontissue damaging pinprick stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot. Initial whole brain analysis was followed by region of interest analysis of specific brain areas. Results Distinct patterns of functional brain activation were evoked by brush and vFh punctate stimulation, which were reduced, but still present, under chloral hydrate sedation. Brain activation increased with increasing stimulus intensity. The feasibility of using pinprick stimulation in fMRI studies was established in one unsedated healthy full-term infant. Conclusion Distinct brain activity patterns can be measured in response to different modalities and intensities of skin sensory stimulation in term infants. This indicates the potential for fMRI studies in exploring tactile and nociceptive processing in the infant brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Williams
- UCL Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology; University College London; London UK
| | - Lorenzo Fabrizi
- UCL Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology; University College London; London UK
| | - Judith Meek
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Obstetric Wing; University College Hospital; London UK
| | - Deborah Jackson
- UCL Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology; University College London; London UK
| | - Irene Tracey
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB); University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Nicola Robertson
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Obstetric Wing; University College Hospital; London UK
| | - Rebeccah Slater
- UCL Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology; University College London; London UK
| | - Maria Fitzgerald
- UCL Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology; University College London; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ehrlich S, Lord AR, Geisler D, Borchardt V, Boehm I, Seidel M, Ritschel F, Schulze A, King JA, Weidner K, Roessner V, Walter M. Reduced functional connectivity in the thalamo-insular subnetwork in patients with acute anorexia nervosa. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:1772-81. [PMID: 25611053 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural underpinnings of anorexia nervosa (AN) are poorly understood. Results from existing functional brain imaging studies using disorder-relevant food- or body-stimuli have been heterogeneous and may be biased due to varying compliance or strategies of the participants. In this study, resting state functional connectivity imaging was used. To explore the distributed nature and complexity of brain function we characterized network patterns in patients with acute AN. Thirty-five unmedicated female acute AN patients and 35 closely matched healthy female participants underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used a network-based statistic (NBS) approach [Zalesky et al., 2010a] to identify differences between groups by isolating a network of interconnected nodes with a deviant connectivity pattern. Group comparison revealed a subnetwork of connections with decreased connectivity including the amygdala, thalamus, fusiform gyrus, putamen and the posterior insula as the central hub in the patient group. Results were not driven by changes in intranodal or global connectivity. No network could be identified where AN patients had increased coupling. Given the known involvement of the identified thalamo-insular subnetwork in interoception, decreased connectivity in AN patients in these nodes might reflect changes in the propagation of sensations that alert the organism to urgent homeostatic imbalances and pain-processes that are known to be severely disturbed in AN and might explain the striking discrepancy between patient's actual and perceived internal body state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Eating Disorder Services and Research Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital C. G. Carus, Dresden, Germany; MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tang LR, Liu CH, Jing B, Ma X, Li HY, Zhang Y, Li F, Wang YP, Yang Z, Wang CY. Voxel-based morphometry study of the insular cortex in bipolar depression. Psychiatry Res 2014; 224:89-95. [PMID: 25218414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar depression (BD) is a common psychiatric illness characterized by deficits in emotional and cognitive processing. Abnormalities in the subregions of the insula are common findings in neuroanatomical studies of patients with bipolar disorder. However, the specific relationships between morphometric changes in specific insular subregions and the pathogenesis of BD are not clear. In this study, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate gray matter volume abnormalities in the insular subregion in 27 patients with BD and in 27 age and sex-matched controls. Using DARTEL (diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra) for voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we examined changes in regional gray matter volumes of the insula in patients with BD. As compared with healthy controls, the BD patients showed decreased gray matter volumes in the right posterior insula and left ventral anterior insula and increased gray matter volumes in the left dorsal anterior insula. Consistent with the emerging theory of insular interference as a contributor to emotional-cognitive dysregulation, the current findings suggest that the insular cortex may be involved in the neural substrates of BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Tang
- Center of the Treatment in Depressive Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Department of Radiology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Chun-Hong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Bin Jing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Center of the Treatment in Depressive Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Hai-Yun Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Feng Li
- Center of the Treatment in Depressive Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China; Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100088, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Allievi AG, Arichi T, Gordon AL, Burdet E. Technology-aided assessment of sensorimotor function in early infancy. Front Neurol 2014; 5:197. [PMID: 25324827 PMCID: PMC4181230 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for new techniques capable of providing accurate information about sensorimotor function during the first 2 years of childhood. Here, we review current clinical methods and challenges for assessing motor function in early infancy, and discuss the potential benefits of applying technology-assisted methods. We also describe how the use of these tools with neuroimaging, and in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), can shed new light on the intra-cerebral processes underlying neurodevelopmental impairment. This knowledge is of particular relevance in the early infant brain, which has an increased capacity for compensatory neural plasticity. Such tools could bring a wealth of knowledge about the underlying pathophysiological processes of diseases such as cerebral palsy; act as biomarkers to monitor the effects of possible therapeutic interventions; and provide clinicians with much needed early diagnostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro G Allievi
- Human Robotics Group, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Human Robotics Group, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London , UK ; Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Anne L Gordon
- Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust , London , UK ; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London , London , UK
| | - Etienne Burdet
- Human Robotics Group, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Allievi AG, Arichi T, Gordon AL, Burdet E. Technology-aided assessment of sensorimotor function in early infancy. Front Neurol 2014; 5:197. [PMID: 25324827 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00197/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for new techniques capable of providing accurate information about sensorimotor function during the first 2 years of childhood. Here, we review current clinical methods and challenges for assessing motor function in early infancy, and discuss the potential benefits of applying technology-assisted methods. We also describe how the use of these tools with neuroimaging, and in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), can shed new light on the intra-cerebral processes underlying neurodevelopmental impairment. This knowledge is of particular relevance in the early infant brain, which has an increased capacity for compensatory neural plasticity. Such tools could bring a wealth of knowledge about the underlying pathophysiological processes of diseases such as cerebral palsy; act as biomarkers to monitor the effects of possible therapeutic interventions; and provide clinicians with much needed early diagnostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro G Allievi
- Human Robotics Group, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Human Robotics Group, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London , UK ; Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Anne L Gordon
- Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust , London , UK ; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London , London , UK
| | - Etienne Burdet
- Human Robotics Group, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the field of cognitive neuroscience has relied heavily on hemodynamic measures of blood oxygenation in local regions of the brain to make inferences about underlying cognitive processes. These same functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) techniques have recently been adapted for use with human infants. We review the advantages and disadvantages of these two neuroimaging methods for studies of infant cognition, with a particular emphasis on their technical limitations and the linking hypotheses that are used to draw conclusions from correlational data. In addition to summarizing key findings in several domains of infant cognition, we highlight the prospects of improving the quality of fNIRS data from infants to address in a more sophisticated way how cognitive development is mediated by changes in underlying neural mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Aslin
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627; ,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dubois J, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Kulikova S, Poupon C, Hüppi PS, Hertz-Pannier L. The early development of brain white matter: A review of imaging studies in fetuses, newborns and infants. Neuroscience 2014; 276:48-71. [PMID: 24378955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Dubois
- INSERM, U992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNICOG, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; University Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
| | - G Dehaene-Lambertz
- INSERM, U992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNICOG, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; University Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - S Kulikova
- CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; INSERM, U663, Child epilepsies and brain plasticity, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - C Poupon
- CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNIRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P S Hüppi
- Geneva University Hospitals, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Development and Growth, Geneva, Switzerland; Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Hertz-Pannier
- CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; INSERM, U663, Child epilepsies and brain plasticity, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Brew N, Walker D, Wong FY. Cerebral vascular regulation and brain injury in preterm infants. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R773-86. [PMID: 24647591 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00487.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular lesions, mainly germinal matrix hemorrhage and ischemic injury to the periventricular white matter, are major causes of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants. Cerebrovascular lesions and neuromorbidity increase with decreasing gestational age, with the white matter predominantly affected. Developmental immaturity in the cerebral circulation, including ongoing angiogenesis and vasoregulatory immaturity, plays a major role in the severity and pattern of preterm brain injury. Prevention of this injury requires insight into pathogenesis. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is low in the preterm white matter, which also has blunted vasoreactivity compared with other brain regions. Vasoreactivity in the preterm brain to cerebral perfusion pressure, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and neuronal metabolism is also immature. This could be related to immaturity of both the vasculature and vasoactive signaling. Other pathologies arising from preterm birth and the neonatal intensive care environment itself may contribute to impaired vasoreactivity and ineffective CBF regulation, resulting in the marked variations in cerebral hemodynamics reported both within and between infants depending on their clinical condition. Many gaps exist in our understanding of how neonatal treatment procedures and medications have an impact on cerebral hemodynamics and preterm brain injury. Future research directions for neuroprotective strategies include establishing cotside, real-time clinical reference values for cerebral hemodynamics and vasoregulatory capacity and to demonstrate that these thresholds improve long-term outcomes for the preterm infant. In addition, stimulation of vascular development and repair with growth factor and cell-based therapies also hold promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Brew
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research-Prince Henry's Institute, Melbourne, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - David Walker
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research-Prince Henry's Institute, Melbourne, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Flora Y Wong
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research-Prince Henry's Institute, Melbourne, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nevalainen P, Lauronen L, Pihko E. Development of Human Somatosensory Cortical Functions - What have We Learned from Magnetoencephalography: A Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:158. [PMID: 24672468 PMCID: PMC3955943 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mysteries of early development of cortical processing in humans have started to unravel with the help of new non-invasive brain research tools like multichannel magnetoencephalography (MEG). In this review, we evaluate, within a wider neuroscientific and clinical context, the value of MEG in studying normal and disturbed functional development of the human somatosensory system. The combination of excellent temporal resolution and good localization accuracy provided by MEG has, in the case of somatosensory studies, enabled the differentiation of activation patterns from the newborn’s primary (SI) and secondary somatosensory (SII) areas. Furthermore, MEG has shown that the functioning of both SI and SII in newborns has particular immature features in comparison with adults. In extremely preterm infants, the neonatal MEG response from SII also seems to potentially predict developmental outcome: those lacking SII responses at term show worse motor performance at age 2 years than those with normal SII responses at term. In older children with unilateral early brain lesions, bilateral alterations in somatosensory cortical activation detected in MEG imply that the impact of a localized insult may have an unexpectedly wide effect on cortical somatosensory networks. The achievements over the last decade show that MEG provides a unique approach for studying the development of the somatosensory system and its disturbances in childhood. MEG well complements other neuroimaging methods in studies of cortical processes in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Nevalainen
- BioMag Laboratory, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland ; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Leena Lauronen
- BioMag Laboratory, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland ; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Elina Pihko
- Brain Research Unit, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, Aalto University School of Science , Espoo , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tusor N, Arichi T, Counsell SJ, Edwards AD. Brain development in preterm infants assessed using advanced MRI techniques. Clin Perinatol 2014; 41:25-45. [PMID: 24524445 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Infants who are born preterm have a high incidence of neurocognitive and neurobehavioral abnormalities, which may be associated with impaired brain development. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches, such as diffusion MRI (d-MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI), provide objective and reproducible measures of brain development. Indices derived from d-MRI can be used to provide quantitative measures of preterm brain injury. Although fMRI of the neonatal brain is currently a research tool, future studies combining d-MRI and fMRI have the potential to assess the structural and functional properties of the developing brain and its response to injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Tusor
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alcauter S, Lin W, Keith Smith J, Gilmore JH, Gao W. Consistent anterior-posterior segregation of the insula during the first 2 years of life. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:1176-87. [PMID: 24248433 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human insula is a complex region characterized by heterogeneous cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and function. Subregional parcellation of the insula in adults has revealed an interesting anterior-posterior subdivision pattern that is highly consistent with its functional differentiation. However, the development of the insula's subregional segregation during the first 2 years of life remains unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that similar segregation of the insula exists during this critical time period based on the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of a large cohort of infants (n = 143) with longitudinal scans. Our results confirmed a consistent anterior-posterior subdivision of the insula during the first 2 years of life with dissociable connectivity patterns associated with each cluster. Specifically, the anterior insula coupled more with frontal association areas, whereas the posterior insula integrated more with sensorimotor-related regions. More importantly, dramatic development of each subregion's functional network was observed, providing important neuronal correlates for the rapid advancement of its related functions during this time period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarael Alcauter
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center
| | | | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Allievi AG, Melendez-Calderon A, Arichi T, Edwards AD, Burdet E. An fMRI compatible wrist robotic interface to study brain development in neonates. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:1181-92. [PMID: 23475437 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that underlie brain development in premature infants and newborns is crucial for the identification of interventional therapies and rehabilitative strategies. fMRI has the potential to identify such mechanisms, but standard techniques used in adults cannot be implemented in infant studies in a straightforward manner. We have developed an MR safe wrist stimulating robot to systematically investigate the functional brain activity related to both spontaneous and induced wrist movements in premature babies using fMRI. We present the technical aspects of this development and the results of validation experiments. Using the device, the cortical activity associated with both active and passive finger movements were reliably identified in a healthy adult subject. In two preterm infants, passive wrist movements induced a well localized positive BOLD response in the contralateral somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, in a single preterm infant, spontaneous wrist movements were found to be associated with an adjacent cluster of activity, at the level of the infant's primary motor cortex. The described device will allow detailed and objective fMRI studies of somatosensory and motor system development during early human life and following neonatal brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Allievi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nevalainen P, Pihko E, Metsäranta M, Sambeth A, Wikström H, Okada Y, Autti T, Lauronen L. Evoked magnetic fields from primary and secondary somatosensory cortices: A reliable tool for assessment of cortical processing in the neonatal period. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:2377-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
46
|
Deoni SCL, Dean DC, O'Muircheartaigh J, Dirks H, Jerskey BA. Investigating white matter development in infancy and early childhood using myelin water faction and relaxation time mapping. Neuroimage 2012; 63:1038-53. [PMID: 22884937 PMCID: PMC3711836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The elaboration of the myelinated white matter is essential for normal neurodevelopment, establishing and mediating rapid communication pathways throughout the brain. These pathways facilitate the synchronized communication required for higher order behavioral and cognitive functioning. Altered neural messaging (or ‘disconnectivity’) arising from abnormal white matter and myelin development may underlie a number of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. Despite the vital role myelin plays, few imaging studies have specifically examined its maturation throughout early infancy and childhood. Thus, direct investigations of the relationship(s) between evolving behavioral and cognitive functions and the myelination of the supporting neural systems have been sparse. Further, without knowledge of the ‘normative’ developmental time-course, identification of early abnormalities associated with developmental disorders remains challenging. In this work, we examined the use of longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation time mapping, and myelin water fraction (MWF) imaging to investigate white matter and myelin development in 153 healthy male and female children, 3 months through 60 months in age. Optimized age-specific acquisition protocols were developed using the DESPOT and mcDESPOT imaging techniques; and mean T1, T2 and MWF trajectories were determined for frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal and cerebellar white matter, and genu, body and splenium of the corpus callosum. MWF results provided a spatio-temporal pattern in-line with prior histological studies of myelination. Comparison of T1, T2 and MWF measurements demonstrates dissimilar sensitivity to tissue changes associated with neurodevelopment, with each providing differential but complementary information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean C L Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Arichi T, Fagiolo G, Varela M, Melendez-Calderon A, Allievi A, Merchant N, Tusor N, Counsell SJ, Burdet E, Beckmann CF, Edwards AD. Development of BOLD signal hemodynamic responses in the human brain. Neuroimage 2012; 63:663-73. [PMID: 22776460 PMCID: PMC3459097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the rodent brain the hemodynamic response to a brief external stimulus changes significantly during development. Analogous changes in human infants would complicate the determination and use of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in developing populations. We aimed to characterize HRF in human infants before and after the normal time of birth using rapid sampling of the Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal. A somatosensory stimulus and an event related experimental design were used to collect data from 10 healthy adults, 15 sedated infants at term corrected post menstrual age (PMA) (median 41 + 1 weeks), and 10 preterm infants (median PMA 34 + 4 weeks). A positive amplitude HRF waveform was identified across all subject groups, with a systematic maturational trend in terms of decreasing time-to-peak and increasing positive peak amplitude associated with increasing age. Application of the age-appropriate HRF models to fMRI data significantly improved the precision of the fMRI analysis. These findings support the notion of a structured development in the brain's response to stimuli across the last trimester of gestation and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Góis-Eanes M, Gonçalves ÓF, Caldeira-da-Silva P, Sampaio A. Biological and physiological markers of tactile sensorial processing in healthy newborns. Infant Ment Health J 2012; 33:535-542. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
49
|
|
50
|
Aslin RN. Questioning the questions that have been asked about the infant brain using near-infrared spectroscopy. Cogn Neuropsychol 2012; 29:7-33. [PMID: 22329690 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2012.654773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive diffuse optical-imaging technique that can measure local metabolic demand in the surface of the cortex due to differential absorption of light by oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Over the past decade, NIRS has become increasingly used as a complement to other neuroimaging techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), particularly in paediatric populations who cannot easily be tested using fMRI and MEG. In this review of empirical findings from human infants, ranging in age from birth to 12 months of age, a number of interpretive concerns are raised about what can be concluded from NIRS data. In addition, inconsistencies across studies are highlighted, and strategies are proposed for enhancing the reliability of NIRS data gathered from infants. Finally, a variety of new and promising advances in NIRS techniques are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Aslin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|