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Son JJ, Arif Y, Oludipe D, Weyrich L, Killanin AD, Wiesman AI, Okelberry HJ, Willett MP, Johnson HJ, Wilson TW. Multispectral brain connectivity during visual attention distinguishes controlled from uncontrolled hypertension. J Physiol 2024; 602:1775-1790. [PMID: 38516712 PMCID: PMC11150863 DOI: 10.1113/jp285568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-related changes in brain function place individuals at higher risk for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The existing functional neuroimaging literature has identified important neural and behavioural differences between normotensive and hypertensive individuals. However, previously-used methods (i.e. magnetic resonance imaging, functional near-infrared spectroscopy) rely on neurovascular coupling, which is a useful but indirect measure of neuronal activity. Furthermore, most studies fail to distinguish between controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive individuals, who exhibit significant behavioural and clinical differences. To partially remedy this gap in the literature, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to directly examine neuronal activity that is invariant to neurovascular coupling changes induced by hypertension. Our study included 52 participants (19 healthy controls, 15 controlled hypertensives, 18 uncontrolled hypertensives) who completed a modified flanker attention task during MEG. We identified significant oscillatory neural responses in two frequencies (alpha: 8-14 Hz, gamma: 48-60 Hz) for imaging and used grand-averaged images to determine seeds for whole-brain connectivity analysis. We then conducted Fisher-z tests for each pair of groups, using the relationship between the neural connectivity and behavioural attention effects. This highlighted a distributed network of regions associated with cognitive control and selective attention, including frontal-occipital and interhemispheric occipital connections. Importantly, the inferior frontal cortex exhibited a unique neurobehavioural relationship that distinguished the uncontrolled hypertensive group from the controlled hypertensive and normotensive groups. This is the first investigation of hypertension using MEG and identifies critical whole-brain connectivity differences based on hypertension profiles. KEY POINTS: Structural and functional changes in brain circuitry scale with hypertension severity and increase the risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. We harness the excellent spatiotemporal precision of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to directly quantify dynamic functional connectivity in healthy control, controlled hypertensive and uncontrolled hypertensive groups during a flanker task. In the first MEG study of hypertension, we show that there are neurobehavioural relationships that distinguish the uncontrolled hypertensive group from healthy and controlled hypertensive group in the prefrontal cortex. These results provide novel insights into the differential impact of hypertension on brain dynamics underlying selective attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J Son
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yasra Arif
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Davina Oludipe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Lucas Weyrich
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abraham D Killanin
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hannah J Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Madelyn P Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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2
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Ru X, He K, Lyu B, Li D, Xu W, Gu W, Ma X, Liu J, Li C, Li T, Zheng F, Yan X, Yin Y, Duan H, Na S, Wan S, Qin J, Sheng J, Gao JH. Multimodal neuroimaging with optically pumped magnetometers: A simultaneous MEG-EEG-fNIRS acquisition system. Neuroimage 2022; 259:119420. [PMID: 35777634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal neuroimaging plays an important role in neuroscience research. Integrated noninvasive neuroimaging modalities, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG), electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), allow neural activity and related physiological processes in the brain to be precisely and comprehensively depicted, providing an effective and advanced platform to study brain function. Noncryogenic optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) MEG has high signal power due to its on-scalp sensor layout and enables more flexible configurations than traditional commercial superconducting MEG. Here, we integrate OPM-MEG with EEG and fNIRS to develop a multimodal neuroimaging system that can simultaneously measure brain electrophysiology and hemodynamics. We conducted a series of experiments to demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of our MEG-EEG-fNIRS acquisition system. The complementary neural and physiological signals simultaneously collected by our multimodal imaging system provide opportunities for a wide range of potential applications in neurovascular coupling, wearable neuroimaging, hyperscanning and brain-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ru
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyan He
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dongxu Li
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Gu
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tingyue Li
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhou Yan
- Beijing PsycheArk Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yugang Yin
- Beijing PsycheArk Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hongfeng Duan
- Beijing PsycheArk Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Na
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangai Wan
- Beijing Automation Control Equipment Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Beijing Automation Control Equipment Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China; National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advance Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Phillips J, Glodowski M, Gokhale Y, Dwyer M, Ashtiani A, Hai A. Enhanced magnetic transduction of neuronal activity by nanofabricated inductors quantified via finite element analysis. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35705065 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac7907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methods for the detection of neural signals involve a compromise between invasiveness, spatiotemporal resolution, and the number of neurons or brain regions recorded. Electrode-based probes provide excellent response but usually require transcranial wiring and capture activity from limited neuronal populations. Noninvasive methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) offer fast readouts of field potentials or biomagnetic signals, respectively, but have spatial constraints that prohibit recording from single neurons. A cell-sized device that enhances neurogenic magnetic fields can be used as an in situ sensor for magnetic-based modalities and increase the ability to detect diverse signals across multiple brain regions. APPROACH We designed a device capable of forming a tight electromagnetic junction with single neurons, thereby transducing changes in cellular potential to magnetic field perturbations by driving current through a nanofabricated inductor element. MAIN RESULTS We present detailed quantification of the device performance using realistic finite element simulations with signals and geometries acquired from patch-clamped neurons in vitro, and demonstrate the capability of the device to produce magnetic signals readable via existing modalities. We compare the magnetic output of the device to intrinsic neuronal magnetic fields and show that the transduced magnetic field intensity from a single neuron is more than three-fold higher at its peak (1.619 nT vs 0.506 nT). Importantly, we report on a large spatial enhancement of the transduced magnetic field output within a typical voxel (40x40x10 microns) over 250 times higher than the intrinsic neuronal magnetic field strength (0.64 nT vs 2.5 pT). We use this framework to perform optimizations of device performance based on nanofabrication constraints and material choices. SIGNIFICANCE Our quantifications institute a foundation for synthesizing and applying electromagnetic sensors for detecting brain activity and can serve as a general method for quantifying recording devices at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Phillips
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr., Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, UNITED STATES
| | - Mitchell Glodowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr., Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, UNITED STATES
| | - Yash Gokhale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, UNITED STATES
| | - Matt Dwyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, UNITED STATES
| | - Alireza Ashtiani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, UNITED STATES
| | - Aviad Hai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr., Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, UNITED STATES
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Heugel N, Beardsley SA, Liebenthal E. EEG and fMRI coupling and decoupling based on joint independent component analysis (jICA). J Neurosci Methods 2022; 369:109477. [PMID: 34998799 PMCID: PMC8879823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meaningful integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) requires knowing whether these measurements reflect the activity of the same neural sources, i.e., estimating the degree of coupling and decoupling between the neuroimaging modalities. NEW METHOD This paper proposes a method to quantify the coupling and decoupling of fMRI and EEG signals based on the mixing matrix produced by joint independent component analysis (jICA). The method is termed fMRI/EEG-jICA. RESULTS fMRI and EEG acquired during a syllable detection task with variable syllable presentation rates (0.25-3 Hz) were separated with jICA into two spatiotemporally distinct components, a primary component that increased nonlinearly in amplitude with syllable presentation rate, putatively reflecting an obligatory auditory response, and a secondary component that declined nonlinearly with syllable presentation rate, putatively reflecting an auditory attention orienting response. The two EEG subcomponents were of similar amplitude, but the secondary fMRI subcomponent was ten folds smaller than the primary one. COMPARISON TO EXISTING METHOD FMRI multiple regression analysis yielded a map more consistent with the primary than secondary fMRI subcomponent of jICA, as determined by a greater area under the curve (0.5 versus 0.38) in a sensitivity and specificity analysis of spatial overlap. CONCLUSION fMRI/EEG-jICA revealed spatiotemporally distinct brain networks with greater sensitivity than fMRI multiple regression analysis, demonstrating how this method can be used for leveraging EEG signals to inform the detection and functional characterization of fMRI signals. fMRI/EEG-jICA may be useful for studying neurovascular coupling at a macro-level, e.g., in neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Heugel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Scott A Beardsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Clinical Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
| | - Einat Liebenthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Taguchi J, Takami A, Makino M. Changes in cerebral blood flow before, during, and after forward and backward walking in stroke patients trained using virtual reality walking videos with deliberately induced inaccuracies in walking speed estimations. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34:668-672. [PMID: 36213187 PMCID: PMC9535245 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of virtual reality (VR)
training, with deliberately induced inaccuracies in walking speed estimations, on brain
activity. [Participants and Methods] The study participants were 21 stroke patients, and
the walking tasks involved forward and backward walking. While the VR walking speed was
set at 3 km/h, estimation errors were induced by using an actual walking speed of 1 km/h
during the walking tasks. Cerebral blood flow was measured using two functional
near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) channels located over the left and right prefrontal
cortices, to determine changes in oxyhemoglobin levels from the resting state. Cerebral
hemodynamics were compared during and after the VR training. [Results] The backward
walking task induced a significant increase in cerebral blood flow in the right prefrontal
cortex during and after the VR training. No significant changes were observed during the
forward walking task. [Conclusion] In the backward walking condition, greater activation
of the right prefrontal cortex was observed during and immediately after the VR training.
Watching VR may have led to inaccurate walking-speed estimations, necessitating postural
control (which may be attributed to the activation of the prefrontal cortex) during
walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Taguchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University: 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University: 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Misato Makino
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University: 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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6
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Takami A, Taguchi J, Makino M. Changes in cerebral blood flow during forward and backward walking with speed misperception generated by virtual reality. J Phys Ther Sci 2021; 33:565-569. [PMID: 34393364 PMCID: PMC8332638 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.33.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of speed misperception on brain activity, created by a speed difference between actual walking and virtual reality walking videos. [Participants and Methods] The participants were 20 healthy young people. The walking speed in the video was set to 3 km/h to induce an error, while the actual walking speed was 1 km/h. Cerebral blood flow was measured using an optical imaging brain function measurement device. Left and right prefrontal cortices were analyzed using two channels and oxyhemoglobin level change from rest was used as a cerebral blood flow index. A t-test compared the cerebral blood flow dynamics before, during, and after the virtual reality video viewing under forward and backward walking conditions. [Results] Regarding changes in oxyhemoglobin levels during walking after watching the virtual reality video, cerebral blood flow increased especially in the backward walking state, where the difference was large in the right prefrontal cortex. [Conclusion] The backward walking that caused misperception by virtual reality is an extraordinary movement compared to forward walking. Thus, it is necessary to voluntarily adjust the movement by the cerebral cortex, and it is thought that activation of the prefrontal cortex occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Takami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University: 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Jun Taguchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University: 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.,Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan
| | - Misato Makino
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University: 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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7
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Wabnitz H, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Liebert A. Depth-selective data analysis for time-domain fNIRS: moments vs. time windows. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4224-4243. [PMID: 32923038 PMCID: PMC7449728 DOI: 10.1364/boe.396585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-domain measurements facilitate the elimination of the influence of extracerebral, systemic effects, a key problem in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) of the adult human brain. The analysis of measured time-of-flight distributions of photons often relies on moments or time windows. However, a systematic and quantitative characterization of the performance of these measurands is still lacking. Based on perturbation simulations for small localized absorption changes, we compared spatial sensitivity profiles and depth selectivity for moments (integral, mean time of flight and variance), photon counts in time windows and their ratios for different time windows. The influence of the instrument response function (IRF) was investigated for all measurands and for various source-detector separations. Variance exhibits the highest depth selectivity among the moments. Ratios of photon counts in different late time windows can achieve even higher selectivity. An advantage of moments is their robustness against the shape of the IRF and instrumental drifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Gross J. Magnetoencephalography in Cognitive Neuroscience: A Primer. Neuron 2020; 104:189-204. [PMID: 31647893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an invaluable tool to study the dynamics and connectivity of large-scale brain activity and their interactions with the body and the environment in functional and dysfunctional body and brain states. This primer introduces the basic concepts of MEG, discusses its strengths and limitations in comparison to other brain imaging techniques, showcases interesting applications, and projects exciting current trends into the near future, in a way that might more fully exploit the unique capabilities of MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Gross
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis (IBB), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (CCNi), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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9
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Heugel N, Liebenthal E, Beardsley SA. Method for spatial overlap estimation of electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging responses. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 328:108401. [PMID: 31445115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements may represent activity from partially divergent neural sources, but this factor is seldom modeled in fMRI-EEG data integration. NEW METHOD This paper proposes an approach to estimate the spatial overlap between sources of activity measured simultaneously with fMRI and EEG. Following the extraction of task-related activity, the key steps include, 1) distributed source reconstruction of the task-related ERP activity (ERP source model), 2) transformation of fMRI activity to the ERP spatial scale by forward modelling of the scalp potential field distribution and backward source reconstruction (fMRI source simulation), and 3) optimization of fMRI and ERP thresholds to maximize spatial overlap without a priori constraints of coupling (overlap calculation). RESULTS FMRI and ERP responses were recorded simultaneously in 15 subjects performing an auditory oddball task. A high degree of spatial overlap between sources of fMRI and ERP responses (in 9 or more of 15 subjects) was found specifically within temporoparietal areas associated with the task. Areas of non-overlap in fMRI and ERP sources were relatively small and inconsistent across subjects. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD The ERP and fMRI sources estimated with solely jICA overlapped in just 4 of 15 subjects, and strictly in the parietal cortex. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that the new fMRI-ERP spatial overlap estimation method provides greater spatiotemporal detail of the cortical dynamics than solely jICA. As such, we propose that it is a superior method for the integration of fMRI and EEG to study brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Heugel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - E Liebenthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S A Beardsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Clinical Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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10
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Li Q, Liu G, Yuan G, Wang G, Wu Z, Zhao X. DC Shifts-fMRI: A Supplement to Event-Related fMRI. Front Comput Neurosci 2019; 13:37. [PMID: 31244636 PMCID: PMC6581730 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2019.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related fMRI have been widely used in locating brain regions which respond to specific tasks. However, activities of brain regions which modulate or indirectly participate in the response to a specific task are not event-related. Event-related fMRI can't locate these regulatory regions, detrimental to the integrity of the result that event-related fMRI revealed. Direct-current EEG shifts (DC shifts) have been found linked to the inner brain activity, a fusion DC shifts-fMRI method may have the ability to reveal a more complete response of the brain. In this study, we used DC shifts-fMRI to verify that even when responding to a very simple task, (1) The response of the brain is more complicated than event-related fMRI generally revealed and (2) DC shifts-fMRI have the ability of revealing brain regions whose responses are not in event-related way. We used a classical and simple paradigm which is often used in auditory cortex tonotopic mapping. Data were recorded from 50 subjects (25 male, 25 female) who were presented with randomly presented pure tone sequences with six different frequencies (200, 400, 800, 1,600, 3,200, 6,400 Hz). Our traditional fMRI results are consistent with previous findings that the activations are concentrated on the auditory cortex. Our DC shifts-fMRI results showed that the cingulate-caudate-thalamus network which underpins sustained attention is positively activated while the dorsal attention network and the right middle frontal gyrus which underpin attention orientation are negatively activated. The regional-specific correlations between DC shifts and brain networks indicate the complexity of the response of the brain even to a simple task and that the DC shifts can effectively reflect these non-event-related inner brain activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Education Science College, Guizhou Normal College, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangjie Yuan
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wang
- College of Music, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zonghui Wu
- Southwest University Hospital, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingcong Zhao
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Lachert P, Janusek D, Pulawski P, Liebert A, Milej D, Blinowska KJ. Coupling of Oxy- and Deoxyhemoglobin concentrations with EEG rhythms during motor task. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15414. [PMID: 29133861 PMCID: PMC5684354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A relationship between the brain rhythmic activity and the hemodynamic response was studied using the simultaneous measurement of electroencephalogram (EEG) and the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a motor task (self-paced right finger movements) for 10 subjects. An EEG recording with a 32-electrode (10-10) system was made and the hemodynamic response was obtained using 8 optodes placed over the sensorimotor cortex on both hemispheres. During the task an increase in oxyhemoglobine (HbO) was accompanied by a decrease in deoxyhemoglobine (HbR) concentration and a decrease in amplitudes (desynchronisation) of alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) EEG rhythms. These phenomena were prominent in the hemisphere contralateral to the moving finger. The delays between the hemodynamic and electrophysiological variables were on average 2.8 s. Highly significant (p < 0.0001) negative Pearson correlations were found between HbO and alpha (r2 = −0.69) and HbO and beta (r2 = −0.54) rhythms. Positive correlations r2 = 0.5 between these rhythms and HbR were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lachert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Science, Trojdena 4, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Janusek
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Science, Trojdena 4, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Pulawski
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Science, Trojdena 4, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Science, Trojdena 4, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
| | - Daniel Milej
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Science, Trojdena 4, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
| | - Katarzyna J Blinowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Science, Trojdena 4, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland.,Department of Biomedical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
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Mücke M, Andrä C, Gerber M, Pühse U, Ludyga S. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, executive functions and prefrontal brain oxygenation in children: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:630-636. [PMID: 28538108 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1326619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence that regular exercise improves executive functioning, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms have rarely been investigated. The present study aimed to compare cognitive performance as well as task-specific concentration changes in oxygenated haemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex between children with higher and lower moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Physical activity was measured over 7 consecutive days using actigraphy. Afterwards, participants (N = 50) completed verbal fluency tests (VFTs) and mental arithmetic (MA) for the assessment of cognitive flexibility and working memory capacity. During the tasks, changes of oxygenated haemoglobin were measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Using average MVPA of 11-year-old children as cut-point, the sample was divided into children with lower and higher MVPA. Analyses of variance revealed no significant differences in correct and false responses on the cognitive tests between groups. With regard to oxygenated haemoglobin, no group differences were found for concentration changes in response to the cognitive tasks. In conclusion, VFTs and MA increased children's activation in prefrontal regions associated with cognitive flexibility and working memory, respectively. However, these executive functions and cortical activation were not different between children with lower and higher MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mücke
- a Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Christian Andrä
- b Department of School Sport, Institute of Sports Psychology and Physical Education, Faculty of Sports Science , Leipzig University , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Markus Gerber
- a Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- a Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- a Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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14
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Phillips AA, Chan FH, Zheng MMZ, Krassioukov AV, Ainslie PN. Neurovascular coupling in humans: Physiology, methodological advances and clinical implications. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:647-64. [PMID: 26661243 PMCID: PMC4821024 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15617954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling reflects the close temporal and regional linkage between neural activity and cerebral blood flow. Although providing mechanistic insight, our understanding of neurovascular coupling is largely limited to non-physiologicalex vivopreparations and non-human models using sedatives/anesthetics with confounding cerebrovascular implications. Herein, with particular focus on humans, we review the present mechanistic understanding of neurovascular coupling and highlight current approaches to assess these responses and the application in health and disease. Moreover, we present new guidelines for standardizing the assessment of neurovascular coupling in humans. To improve the reliability of measurement and related interpretation, the utility of new automated software for neurovascular coupling is demonstrated, which provides the capacity for coalescing repetitive trials and time intervals into single contours and extracting numerous metrics (e.g., conductance and pulsatility, critical closing pressure, etc.) according to patterns of interest (e.g., peak/minimum response, time of response, etc.). This versatile software also permits the normalization of neurovascular coupling metrics to dynamic changes in arterial blood gases, potentially influencing the hyperemic response. It is hoped that these guidelines, combined with the newly developed and openly available software, will help to propel the understanding of neurovascular coupling in humans and also lead to improved clinical management of this critical physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Phillips
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), UBC, Vancouver, Canada Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Franco Hn Chan
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mei Mu Zi Zheng
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), UBC, Vancouver, Canada Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrei V Krassioukov
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), UBC, Vancouver, Canada Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, Canada Department of Physical Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, Canada GF Strong Rehabilitation Center, Vancouver, Canada Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Fabiani M, Gordon BA, Maclin EL, Pearson MA, Brumback-Peltz CR, Low KA, McAuley E, Sutton BP, Kramer AF, Gratton G. Neurovascular coupling in normal aging: a combined optical, ERP and fMRI study. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:592-607. [PMID: 23664952 PMCID: PMC3791333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is characterized by changes in both hemodynamic and neuronal responses, which may be influenced by the cardiorespiratory fitness of the individual. To investigate the relationship between neuronal and hemodynamic changes, we studied the brain activity elicited by visual stimulation (checkerboard reversals at different frequencies) in younger adults and in older adults varying in physical fitness. Four functional brain measures were used to compare neuronal and hemodynamic responses obtained from BA17: two reflecting neuronal activity (the event-related optical signal, EROS, and the C1 response of the ERP), and two reflecting functional hemodynamic changes (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, and near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS). The results indicated that both younger and older adults exhibited a quadratic relationship between neuronal and hemodynamic effects, with reduced increases of the hemodynamic response at high levels of neuronal activity. Although older adults showed reduced activation, similar neurovascular coupling functions were observed in the two age groups when fMRI and deoxy-hemoglobin measures were used. However, the coupling between oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin changes decreased with age and increased with increasing fitness. These data indicate that departures from linearity in neurovascular coupling may be present when using hemodynamic measures to study neuronal function.
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Torricelli A, Contini D, Pifferi A, Caffini M, Re R, Zucchelli L, Spinelli L. Time domain functional NIRS imaging for human brain mapping. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:28-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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17
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Zanatta P, Toffolo GM, Sartori E, Bet A, Baldanzi F, Agarwal N, Golanov E. The human brain pacemaker: Synchronized infra-slow neurovascular coupling in patients undergoing non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. Neuroimage 2013; 72:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Sato Y, Fukuda M, Oishi M, Fujii Y. Movement-related cortical activation with voluntary pinch task: simultaneous monitoring of near-infrared spectroscopy signals and movement-related cortical potentials. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:076011. [PMID: 22894494 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.076011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate hemodynamic and electrophysiological motor cortex responses to voluntary finger pinching in humans, with simultaneous recording of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signals and movement-related cortical potentials (MRCP). Six healthy, right-handed subjects performed 100 trials of voluntary right-thumb index-finger pinching with about a 10-second interval at their own pace. Throughout the session, 48 regions over the bilateral motor cortex were assessed by NIRS, while MRCP and electromyogram (EMG) were simultaneously monitored. MRCP started 1536 ± 58 ms before EMG onset and peaked 127 ± 24 ms after EMG onset. NIRS data showed bilateral prefrontal cortex at 0.5 ± 0.1 s before EMG onset and bilateral dorsal premotor cortex activations at 0.6 ± 0.1 s before EMG onset. The hand area of the sensorimotor cortex was activated left-dominantly, seen obviously peaked at 3.7 ± 0.2 s after EMG onset. The comparison between MRCP and NIRS results raised the possibility that the vascular response to neural activity occurs within 4 s with a voluntary pinch task. These results indicate that our technique allows detailed study of the motor control. Our method is a promising strategy for event-related motor control and neurovascular coupling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sato
- Niigata University, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata, Japan.
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19
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Palva JM, Palva S. Infra-slow fluctuations in electrophysiological recordings, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent signals, and psychophysical time series. Neuroimage 2012; 62:2201-11. [PMID: 22401756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging electrophysiological and neuroimaging data show that mammalian brain dynamics are governed by spontaneous modulations of neuronal activity levels in cortical and subcortical structures. The time scales of these fluctuations form a continuum from seconds to tens and hundreds of seconds corresponding to slow (0.1-1Hz), infra-slow (0.01-0.1Hz), and "ultradian" (<0.01Hz) frequency bands, respectively. We focus here on the spontaneous neuronal dynamics in the infra-slow frequency band, infra-slow fluctuations (ISFs), and explore their electrophysiological substrates and behavioral correlates. Although electrophysiological ISFs and the associated infra-slow modulations of fast (here, >1Hz) neuronal activities have been recognized on numerous occasions since late 50's, a resurgence in interest towards this frequency band has been driven by a discovery that ISFs in blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signals are correlated among specific constellations of brain regions, which constitute intrinsic connectivity networks and define the dynamic architecture of spontaneous brain activity at large. Importantly, electrophysiological and BOLD signal ISFs are directly correlated both with ISFs in amplitudes of fast neuronal activities and with ISFs in behavioral performance. Moreover, both electrophysiological and neuroimaging data suggest that the apparently scale-free ISFs may arise from more local quasi-periodic infra-slow oscillations with a contribution of time-scale-specific cellular-level mechanisms. We conclude that ISFs in electrophysiological recordings, BOLD signals, neuronal activity levels, and behavioral time series are likely to reflect the same underlying phenomenon; a superstructure of interacting and transiently oscillatory ISFs that regulate both the integration within and decoupling between concurrently active neuronal communities.
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20
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Sander TH, Leistner S, Geisler F, Mackert BM, Trahms L. Characterization of motor and somatosensory function for stroke patients. Physiol Meas 2011; 32:1737-46. [PMID: 22027256 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/32/11/s02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In a pilot study, stroke patients with a lesion related to the motor system were studied using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electromyography (EMG). The patients performed sustained finger movements for 30 s followed by 30 s of rest and 20 repetitions of this sequence in total. Task-related cortical signals derived from MEG were observed here at very different frequency scales. Slow signals below 0.1 Hz were extracted by independent component analysis and are associated with the sustained activation of the motor cortex, the dcMEG motor activation. MEG-EMG coupling phenomena in the 10-30 Hz range were analyzed using the imaginary part of coherency and are attributed to cortico-muscular coupling driving the muscles. Additionally a signal from the somatosensory cortex due to an electrical stimulation at the wrist, the N20m, was recorded as a physiological marker. Field maps and time series associated with the three types of signals are presented for one patient and one control subject as the signal quality of the patient data was not sufficient to achieve a group result. The feasibility of a comprehensive electrophysiological measuring and analysis procedure of the motor function for stroke research is demonstrated by the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Sander
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Koenraadt KLM, Munneke MAM, Duysens J, Keijsers NLW. TMS: a navigator for NIRS of the primary motor cortex? J Neurosci Methods 2011; 201:142-8. [PMID: 21835198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive optical imaging technique, which is increasingly used to measure hemodynamic responses in the motor cortex. The location at which the NIRS optodes are placed on the skull is a major factor in measuring the hemodynamic responses optimally. In this study, the validity of using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in combination with a 3D motion analysis system to relocate the TMS derived position was tested. In addition, the main goal was to quantify the advantage of using TMS to locate the optimal position in relation to the most commonly used EEG C3 position. Markers were placed on the TMS coil and on the head of the subject. In eleven subjects, a TMS measurement was performed to determine the individual motor-evoked potential center-of-gravity (MEP-CoG). This procedure was repeated in nine subjects to test the validity. Subsequently, hemodynamic responses were measured at the MEP-CoG position and at the C3 position during a thumb abduction and adduction task. On average, the MEP-CoG location was located 19.2mm away from the C3 position. The reproducibility study on the MEP-CoG relocation procedure revealed no systematic relocations. No differences in early and delayed hemodynamic responses were found between the C3 and MEP-CoG position. These results indicate that using TMS for NIRS optodes positioning on the motor cortex does not result in higher hemodynamic response amplitudes. This could be explained if NIRS and TMS assess slightly different functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L M Koenraadt
- Sint Maartenskliniek Nijmegen, Department of Research, Development, and Education, PO Box 9011, 6500 GM Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Leff DR, Orihuela-Espina F, Elwell CE, Athanasiou T, Delpy DT, Darzi AW, Yang GZ. Assessment of the cerebral cortex during motor task behaviours in adults: A systematic review of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies. Neuroimage 2011; 54:2922-36. [PMID: 21029781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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23
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Leistner S, Sander-Thoemmes T, Wabnitz H, Moeller M, Wachs M, Curio G, Macdonald R, Trahms L, Mackert BM. Non-invasive simultaneous recording of neuronal and vascular signals in subacute ischemic stroke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 56:85-90. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2011.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Keisker B, Hepp-Reymond MC, Blickenstorfer A, Kollias SS. Differential representation of dynamic and static power grip force in the sensorimotor network. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:1483-91. [PMID: 20384781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the human sensorimotor cortex during static force (maintained for a few seconds) and dynamic force (repetitive force pulses) resulted in contradictory findings. Therefore, we conducted a whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging study during a visuomotor task requiring the production of either dynamic or static power grip force. Thereby we aimed at clarifying whether the BOLD signal behaves differently with dynamic and static force in the primary motor cortex, and whether it behaves in the same way in all areas and regions involved in force production. In the static condition, participants applied visually guided, isometric grip force on a dynamometer of 20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and held this force for 21 s. In the dynamic condition, self-paced force pulses of 20% MVC were produced at a rate of 0.5 Hz. Static and dynamic force production activated an overlapping network of sensorimotor cortical and subcortical regions. However, the production of a significantly higher mean static force compared with the dynamic force resulted in a significantly smaller BOLD signal in the contralateral motor cortex, confirming observations of an earlier investigation. In addition, we found that the ipsilateral anterior cerebellum behaved similar to the motor cortex, whereas in all other activated regions the activation during static and dynamic force did not significantly differ. These findings demonstrate that various regions of the sensorimotor network participate differentially in the production and control of low static and dynamic grip force, and raise important questions concerning the interpretation of the BOLD signal with respect to mechanisms of neurovascular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Keisker
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Franceschini MA, Radhakrishnan H, Thakur K, Wu W, Ruvinskaya S, Carp S, Boas DA. The effect of different anesthetics on neurovascular coupling. Neuroimage 2010; 51:1367-77. [PMID: 20350606 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the majority of neurovascular coupling studies focused on the thalamic afferents' activity in layer IV and the corresponding large spiking activity as responsible for functional hyperemia. This paper highlights the role of the secondary and late cortico-cortical transmission in neurovascular coupling. Simultaneous scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and diffuse optical imaging (DOI) measurements were obtained during multiple conditions of event-related electrical forepaw stimulation in 33 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 6 groups depending on the maintaining anesthetic - alpha-chloralose, pentobarbital, ketamine-xylazine, fentanyl-droperidol, isoflurane, or propofol. The somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were decomposed into four components and the question of which best predicts the hemodynamic responses was investigated. Results of the linear regression analysis show that the hemodynamic response is best correlated with the secondary and late cortico-cortical transmissions and not with the initial thalamic input activity in layer IV. Baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) interacts with neural activity and influences the evoked hemodynamic responses. Finally, neurovascular coupling appears to be the same across all anesthetics used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Franceschini
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Cross-correlation of motor activity signals from dc-magnetoencephalography, near-infrared spectroscopy, and electromyography. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2010:785279. [PMID: 20145717 PMCID: PMC2817386 DOI: 10.1155/2010/785279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal and vascular responses due to finger movements were synchronously measured using dc-magnetoencephalography (dcMEG) and time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (trNIRS). The finger movements were monitored with electromyography (EMG). Cortical responses related to the finger movement sequence were extracted by independent component analysis from both the dcMEG and the trNIRS data. The temporal relations between EMG rate, dcMEG, and trNIRS responses were assessed pairwise using the cross-correlation function (CCF), which does not require epoch averaging. A positive lag on a scale of seconds was found for the maximum of the CCF between dcMEG and trNIRS. A zero lag is observed for the CCF between dcMEG and EMG. Additionally this CCF exhibits oscillations at the frequency of individual finger movements. These findings show that the dcMEG with a bandwidth up to 8 Hz records both slow and faster neuronal responses, whereas the vascular response is confirmed to change on a scale of seconds.
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Holper L, Biallas M, Wolf M. Task complexity relates to activation of cortical motor areas during uni- and bimanual performance: a functional NIRS study. Neuroimage 2009; 46:1105-13. [PMID: 19306929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Revised: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand motor tasks are frequently used to assess impaired motor function in neurology and neurorehabilitation. Assessments can be varied by means of hand laterality, i.e. unimanual or bimanual performance, as well as by means of task complexity, i.e. different degrees ranging from simple to complex sequence tasks. The resulting functional activation in human primary motor cortex (M1) has been studied intensively by traditional neuroimaging methods. Previous studies using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) investigated simple hand motor tasks. However, it is unknown whether fNIRS can also detect changes in response to increasing task complexity. Our hypothesis was to show that fNIRS could detect activation changes in relation to task complexity in uni- and bimanual tasks. Sixteen healthy right-handed subjects performed five finger-tapping tasks: unimanual left and right, simple and complex tasks as well as bimanual complex tasks. We found significant differences in oxy-hemoglobin (O(2)Hb) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HHb) concentration in the right hemisphere over M1. Largest O(2)Hb concentration changes were found during complex (0.351+/-0.051 micromol/l) and simple (0.275+/-0.054 micromol/l) right hand tasks followed by bimanual (0.249+/-0.047 micromol/l), complex (0.154+/-0.034 micromol/l) and simple (0.110+/-0.034 micromol/l) left hand tasks. Largest HHb concentration changes were found during bimanual (-0.138+/-0.006 micromol/l) tasks, followed by simple right hand (-0.12+/-0.016 micromol/l), complex left (-0.0875+/-0.007 micromol/l), complex right (-0.0863+/-0.005 micromol/l) and simple left (-0.0674+/-0.005 micromol/l) hand tasks. We report for the first time that fNIRS detects oxygenation changes in relation to task complexity during finger-tapping. The study aims to contribute to the establishment of fNIRS as a neuroimaging method to assess hand motor function in clinical settings where traditional neuroimaging methods cannot be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Holper
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Ou W, Nissilä I, Radhakrishnan H, Boas DA, Hämäläinen MS, Franceschini MA. Study of neurovascular coupling in humans via simultaneous magnetoencephalography and diffuse optical imaging acquisition. Neuroimage 2009; 46:624-32. [PMID: 19286463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining diffuse optical imaging (DOI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) we investigate neurovascular coupling non-invasively in human subjects using median-nerve stimulation. Previous fMRI studies have shown a habituation effect in the hemodynamic blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response for stimulation periods longer than 2 s. With DOI and MEG we can test whether this effect in hemodynamic response can be accounted for by a habituation effect in the neural response. Our experimental results show that the habituation effect in the hemodynamic response is stronger than that in the earliest cortical neural response (N20). Using a linear convolution model to predict hemodynamic responses we found that including late neural components (> or = 30 ms) improves the prediction of the hemoglobin response. This finding suggests that in addition to the initial evoked-response deflections related to the talamic afferent input, later cortical activity is needed to predict the hemodynamic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanmei Ou
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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29
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Cassará AM, Maraviglia B, Hartwig S, Trahms L, Burghoff M. Neuronal current detection with low-field magnetic resonance: simulations and methods. Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 27:1131-9. [PMID: 19269766 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The noninvasive detection of neuronal currents in active brain networks [or direct neuronal imaging (DNI)] by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) remains a scientific challenge. Many different attempts using NMR scanners with magnetic fields >1 T (high-field NMR) have been made in the past years to detect phase shifts or magnitude changes in the NMR signals. However, the many physiological (i.e., the contemporarily BOLD effect, the weakness of the neuronal-induced magnetic field, etc.) and technical limitations (e.g., the spatial resolution) in observing the weak signals have led to some contradicting results. In contrast, only a few attempts have been made using low-field NMR techniques. As such, this paper was aimed at reviewing two recent developments in this front. The detection schemes discussed in this manuscript, the resonant mechanism (RM) and the DC method, are specific to NMR instrumentations with main fields below the earth magnetic field (50 microT), while some even below a few microteslas (ULF-NMR). However, the experimental validation for both techniques, with differentiating sensitivity to the various neuronal activities at specific temporal and spatial resolutions, is still in progress and requires carefully designed magnetic field sensor technology. Additional care should be taken to ensure a stringent magnetic shield from the ambient magnetic field fluctuations. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and prospect of these two methods in detecting neuronal currents, along with the technical requirements on the instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Mario Cassará
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "E. Fermi", Complesso Viminale, Rome, Italy.
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[Functional magnetic resonance imaging in brain tumour neurosurgical resection risk assessment]. ACTA CHIRURGICA IUGOSLAVICA 2009; 56:31-6. [PMID: 20419993 DOI: 10.2298/aci0904031s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To establish the possibilities of functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) in the assesment of preservation of the motor and speech brain functions in the primary brain tumour patients planed for neurosurgery. METHODS AND MATERIAL fMRI of motor and/or speech areas was performed on 3T MRI unit in 17 patients with primary brain tumours and dominant focal epileptic symptomatology. RESULTS None of the patients demonstrated motor neurologic deficit before the operation, while in one patient a moderate speech disorder was noted. Operative treatment has been performed in 11/17 patients, and in 6/11 patients total tumour resection has been performed. Motor deficit has not been noted in any of the patients. Transitory speech deficit was noted in 3/11 patients, while 1/11 patients demonstrated a permanent but mild speech deficit. CONCLUSION fMRI may be of significant help in the assessment of potential postoperative neurological deficit risks, enabling the optimization of neurosurgical resection procedure in the brain tumour patients.
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