1
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Zhe X, Zhang H, Tang M, Lei X, Zhang X, Jin C. Brain functional connectivity patterns associated with symptoms of vestibular migraine. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1231273. [PMID: 38156263 PMCID: PMC10753008 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1231273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations of patients with vestibular migraine (VM) have revealed abnormal functionality in different networks, indicating that VM is related to alterations in brain function. We sought to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity (FC) patterns during the interictal period in VM by combining data-driven voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) calculations and seed-based FC analyses, and thereby determine the associations between cerebral function and clinical symptoms. Methods Thirty-eight patients with VM and 33 matched normal controls were recruited. DC was calculated and compared between the groups, and the FC of locations showing DC alterations was further tested using a seed-based technique. The participants' clinical indicators were correlated with the DC and FC values of the brain areas. Results In contrast to the control group, the VM group showed considerably lower DC values in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and significantly higher DC values in the right occipital lobe. In the seed-based FC analyses, patients with VM demonstrated fewer connections of the bilateral mPFC with the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, right parahippocampus, right cerebellar posterior lobe, bilateral cuneus, and left precuneus. In addition, clinical data from patients, such as pain intensity, episode frequency, and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory score, were negatively related to these FC and DC impairments. Conclusion Our findings showed changes in the default mode network and visual cortex in patients with VM, providing further insights into the complexity of the mechanisms underlying VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhe
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lei
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenwang Jin
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Zhang X, Zhou J, Guo M, Cheng S, Chen Y, Jiang N, Li X, Hu S, Tian Z, Li Z, Zeng F. A systematic review and meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometric studies of migraine. J Neurol 2023; 270:152-170. [PMID: 36098838 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To comprehensively summarize and meta-analyze the concurrence across voxel-based morphometric (VBM) neuroimaging studies of migraine. METHODS Neuroimaging studies published from origin to August 1, 2021 were searched in six databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and Chongqing VIP. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted by two independent researchers. Anisotropic effect size-signed differential mapping (AES-SDM) and activation likelihood estimation (ALE) were used to perform the meta-analysis of available studies reporting whole-brain gray matter (GM) structural data in migraine patients. Clinical variables correlation analysis and migraine subgroup analysis were also conducted. RESULTS 40 articles were included after the strict screening, containing 1616 migraine patients and 1681 matched healthy subjects (HS) in total. Using the method of AES-SDM, migraine patients showed GM increase in the bilateral amygdala, the bilateral parahippocampus, the bilateral temporal poles, the bilateral superior temporal gyri, the left hippocampus, the right superior frontal gyrus, and the left middle temporal gyrus, as well as GM decrease in the left insula, the bilateral cerebellum (hemispheric lobule IX), the right dorsal medulla, the bilateral rolandic operculum, the right middle frontal gyrus, and the right inferior parietal gyrus. Using the method of ALE, migraine patients showed GM increase in the left parahippocampus and GM decrease in the left insula. The results of correlation analysis showed that many of these brain regions were associated with migraine headache frequency and migraine disease duration. Migraine patients in different subtypes (such as migraine without aura (MwoA), migraine with aura (MwA), episodic migraine (EM), chronic migraine (CM), vestibular migraine (VM), etc.), and in different periods (in the ictal and interictal periods) presented not entirely consistent GM alterations. CONCLUSION Migraine patients have GM alterations in multiple brain regions associated with sensation, affection, cognition, and descending modulation aspects of pain. These changes might be a consequence of repeated migraine attacks. Further studies are required to determine how these GM changes can be used to diagnose, monitor disease progression, or exploit potential therapeutic interventions for migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Acupuncture and Brain Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- Institute College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shirui Cheng
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Acupuncture and Brain Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nannan Jiang
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinling Li
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Acupuncture and Brain Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengjie Hu
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Acupuncture and Brain Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zilei Tian
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Acupuncture and Brain Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengjie Li
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Acupuncture and Brain Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fang Zeng
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Acupuncture and Brain Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Heller LM, Smith JM. Identification of Everyday Sounds Affects Their Pleasantness. Front Psychol 2022; 13:894034. [PMID: 35936236 PMCID: PMC9347306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the role of source identification in the emotional response to everyday sounds. Although it is widely acknowledged that sound identification modulates the unpleasantness of sounds, this assumption is based on sparse evidence on a select few sounds. We gathered more robust evidence by having listeners judge the causal properties of sounds, such as actions, materials, and causal agents. Participants also identified and rated the pleasantness of the sounds. We included sounds from a variety of emotional categories, such as Neutral, Misophonic, Unpleasant, and Pleasant. The Misophonic category consists of everyday sounds that are uniquely distressing to a subset of listeners who suffer from Misophonia. Sounds from different emotional categories were paired together based on similar causal properties. This enabled us to test the prediction that a sound’s pleasantness should increase or decrease if it is misheard as being in a more or less pleasant emotional category, respectively. Furthermore, we were able to induce more misidentifications by imposing spectral degradation in the form of envelope vocoding. Several instances of misidentification were obtained, all of which showed pleasantness changes that agreed with our predictions.
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4
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Stenger S, Bludau S, Mohlberg H, Amunts K. Cytoarchitectonic parcellation and functional characterization of four new areas in the caudal parahippocampal cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1439-1455. [PMID: 34989871 PMCID: PMC9046293 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain areas at the parahippocampal gyrus of the temporal–occipital transition region are involved in different functions including processing visual–spatial information and episodic memory. Results of neuroimaging experiments have revealed a differentiated functional parcellation of this region, but its microstructural correlates are less well understood. Here we provide probability maps of four new cytoarchitectonic areas, Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 and CoS1 at the parahippocampal gyrus and collateral sulcus. Areas have been identified based on an observer-independent mapping of serial, cell-body stained histological sections of ten human postmortem brains. They have been registered to two standard reference spaces, and superimposed to capture intersubject variability. The comparison of the maps with functional imaging data illustrates the different involvement of the new areas in a variety of functions. Maps are available as part of Julich-Brain atlas and can be used as anatomical references for future studies to better understand relationships between structure and function of the caudal parahippocampal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Stenger
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 1 (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 1 (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 1 (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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5
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Schmid AC, Boyaci H, Doerschner K. Dynamic dot displays reveal material motion network in the human brain. Neuroimage 2020; 228:117688. [PMID: 33385563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing research interest in the neural mechanisms underlying the recognition of material categories and properties. This research field, however, is relatively more recent and limited compared to investigations of the neural mechanisms underlying object and scene category recognition. Motion is particularly important for the perception of non-rigid materials, but the neural basis of non-rigid material motion remains unexplored. Using fMRI, we investigated which brain regions respond preferentially to material motion versus other types of motion. We introduce a new database of stimuli - dynamic dot materials - that are animations of moving dots that induce vivid percepts of various materials in motion, e.g. flapping cloth, liquid waves, wobbling jelly. Control stimuli were scrambled versions of these same animations and rigid three-dimensional rotating dots. Results showed that isolating material motion properties with dynamic dots (in contrast with other kinds of motion) activates a network of cortical regions in both ventral and dorsal visual pathways, including areas normally associated with the processing of surface properties and shape, and extending to somatosensory and premotor cortices. We suggest that such a widespread preference for material motion is due to strong associations between stimulus properties. For example viewing dots moving in a specific pattern not only elicits percepts of material motion; one perceives a flexible, non-rigid shape, identifies the object as a cloth flapping in the wind, infers the object's weight under gravity, and anticipates how it would feel to reach out and touch the material. These results are a first important step in mapping out the cortical architecture and dynamics in material-related motion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Schmid
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35394, Germany.
| | - Huseyin Boyaci
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35394, Germany; Department of Psychology, A.S. Brain Research Center, and National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Katja Doerschner
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35394, Germany; Department of Psychology, A.S. Brain Research Center, and National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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6
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Spence C. Shitsukan - the Multisensory Perception of Quality. Multisens Res 2020; 33:737-775. [PMID: 32143187 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We often estimate, or perceive, the quality of materials, surfaces, and objects, what the Japanese refer to as 'shitsukan', by means of several of our senses. The majority of the literature on shitsukan perception has, though, tended to focus on the unimodal visual evaluation of stimulus properties. In part, this presumably reflects the widespread hegemony of the visual in the modern era and, in part, is a result of the growing interest, not to mention the impressive advances, in digital rendering amongst the computer graphics community. Nevertheless, regardless of such an oculocentric bias in so much of the empirical literature, it is important to note that several other senses often do contribute to the impression of the material quality of surfaces, materials, and objects as experienced in the real world, rather than just in virtual reality. Understanding the multisensory contributions to the perception of material quality, especially when combined with computational and neural data, is likely to have implications for a number of fields of basic research as well as being applicable to emerging domains such as, for example, multisensory augmented retail, not to mention multisensory packaging design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Spence
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Anna Watts Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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7
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Ujiie Y, Kanazawa S, Yamaguchi MK. Development of the multisensory perception of water in infancy. J Vis 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 32749446 PMCID: PMC7438635 DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.8.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Material perception is facilitated by multisensory interactions that enable us to associate the visual properties of a material with its auditory properties. Such interactions develop during infancy and are assumed to depend on the familiarity of materials. Here, we aimed to pinpoint the age at which infants acquire multisensory interactions for the perception of water, which is a familiar material to them. We presented two side-by-side movies of pouring water and ice while providing the corresponding sounds of water and ice, as well as silence. We found that infants older than 5 months of age looked longer at the water movie when they heard the sound of water. Conversely, they did not look at the ice movie when they heard the sound of ice. These results indicate that at approximately 5 months of age, infants develop multisensory interactions between auditory and visual properties of water, but not of ice. The contrasting results between water and ice suggest that the development of multisensory material perception depends on the frequency of interactions with materials during infancy.
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8
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Garcea FE, Almeida J, Sims MH, Nunno A, Meyers SP, Li YM, Walter K, Pilcher WH, Mahon BZ. Domain-Specific Diaschisis: Lesions to Parietal Action Areas Modulate Neural Responses to Tools in the Ventral Stream. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:3168-3181. [PMID: 30169596 PMCID: PMC6933536 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural responses to small manipulable objects ("tools") in high-level visual areas in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) provide an opportunity to test how anatomically remote regions modulate ventral stream processing in a domain-specific manner. Prior patient studies indicate that grasp-relevant information can be computed about objects by dorsal stream structures independently of processing in VTC. Prior functional neuroimaging studies indicate privileged functional connectivity between regions of VTC exhibiting tool preferences and regions of parietal cortex supporting object-directed action. Here we test whether lesions to parietal cortex modulate tool preferences within ventral and lateral temporal cortex. We found that lesions to the left anterior intraparietal sulcus, a region that supports hand-shaping during object grasping and manipulation, modulate tool preferences in left VTC and in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus. Control analyses demonstrated that neural responses to "place" stimuli in left VTC were unaffected by lesions to parietal cortex, indicating domain-specific consequences for ventral stream neural responses in the setting of parietal lesions. These findings provide causal evidence that neural specificity for "tools" in ventral and lateral temporal lobe areas may arise, in part, from online inputs to VTC from parietal areas that receive inputs via the dorsal visual pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester, Center for Language Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science, 274 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, 50 Township Line Road, Elkins Park, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Almeida
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maxwell H Sims
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Nunno
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steven P Meyers
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Imaging Sciences, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yan Michael Li
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Walter
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Webster H Pilcher
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester, Center for Language Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science, 274 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Lemaitre G, Pyles JA, Halpern AR, Navolio N, Lehet M, Heller LM. Who's that Knocking at My Door? Neural Bases of Sound Source Identification. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:805-818. [PMID: 28052922 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When hearing knocking on a door, a listener typically identifies both the action (forceful and repeated impacts) and the object (a thick wooden board) causing the sound. The current work studied the neural bases of sound source identification by switching listeners' attention toward these different aspects of a set of simple sounds during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning: participants either discriminated the action or the material that caused the sounds, or they simply discriminated meaningless scrambled versions of them. Overall, discriminating action and material elicited neural activity in a left-lateralized frontoparietal network found in other studies of sound identification, wherein the inferior frontal sulcus and the ventral premotor cortex were under the control of selective attention and sensitive to task demand. More strikingly, discriminating materials elicited increased activity in cortical regions connecting auditory inputs to semantic, motor, and even visual representations, whereas discriminating actions did not increase activity in any regions. These results indicate that discriminating and identifying material requires deeper processing of the stimuli than discriminating actions. These results are consistent with previous studies suggesting that auditory perception is better suited to comprehend the actions than the objects producing sounds in the listeners' environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lemaitre
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John A Pyles
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andrea R Halpern
- Bucknell University, Department of Psychology, Lewisburg 17837, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Navolio
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew Lehet
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Laurie M Heller
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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10
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Striemer CL, Whitwell RL, Goodale MA. Affective blindsight in the absence of input from face processing regions in occipital-temporal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2019; 128:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Neural Mechanisms of Material Perception: Quest on Shitsukan. Neuroscience 2018; 392:329-347. [PMID: 30213767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing body of research has addressed the nature and mechanism of material perception. Material perception entails perceiving and recognizing a material, surface quality or internal state of an object based on sensory stimuli such as visual, tactile, and/or auditory sensations. This process is ongoing in every aspect of daily life. We can, for example, easily distinguish whether an object is made of wood or metal, or whether a surface is rough or smooth. Judging whether the ground is wet or dry or whether a fish is fresh also involves material perception. Information obtained through material perception can be used to govern actions toward objects and to make decisions about whether to approach an object or avoid it. Because the physical processes leading to sensory signals related to material perception is complicated, it has been difficult to manipulate experimental stimuli in a rigorous manner. However, that situation is now changing thanks to advances in technology and knowledge in related fields. In this article, we will review what is currently known about the neural mechanisms responsible for material perception. We will show that cortical areas in the ventral visual pathway are strongly involved in material perception. Our main focus is on vision, but every sensory modality is involved in material perception. Information obtained through different sensory modalities is closely linked in material perception. Such cross-modal processing is another important feature of material perception, and will also be covered in this review.
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12
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Quaddles: A multidimensional 3-D object set with parametrically controlled and customizable features. Behav Res Methods 2018; 51:2522-2532. [PMID: 30088255 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-018-1097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many studies of vision and cognition require novel three-dimensional object sets defined by a parametric feature space. Creating such sets and verifying that they are suitable for a given task, however, can be time-consuming and effortful. Here we present a new set of multidimensional objects, Quaddles, designed for studies of feature-based learning and attention, but adaptable for many research purposes. Quaddles have features that are all equally visible from any angle around the vertical axis and can be designed to be equally discriminable along feature dimensions; these objects do not show strong or consistent response biases, with a small number of quantified exceptions. They are available as two-dimensional images, rotating videos, and FBX object files suitable for use with any modern video game engine. We also provide scripts that can be used to generate hundreds of thousands of further Quaddles, as well as examples and tutorials for modifying Quaddles or creating completely new object sets from scratch, with the aim to speed up the development time of future novel-object studies.
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13
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Crossmodal association of auditory and visual material properties in infants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9301. [PMID: 29915205 PMCID: PMC6006328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human perceptual system enables us to extract visual properties of an object’s material from auditory information. In monkeys, the neural basis underlying such multisensory association develops through experience of exposure to a material; material information could be processed in the posterior inferior temporal cortex, progressively from the high-order visual areas. In humans, however, the development of this neural representation remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the presence of a mapping of the auditory material property with visual material (“Metal” and “Wood”) in the right temporal region in preverbal 4- to 8-month-old infants, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Furthermore, we found that infants acquired the audio-visual mapping for a property of the “Metal” material later than for the “Wood” material, since infants form the visual property of “Metal” material after approximately 6 months of age. These findings indicate that multisensory processing of material information induces the activation of brain areas related to sound symbolism. Our findings also indicate that the material’s familiarity might facilitate the development of multisensory processing during the first year of life.
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14
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Psychophysical and neuroimaging responses to moving stimuli in a patient with the Riddoch phenomenon due to bilateral visual cortex lesions. Neuropsychologia 2018; 128:150-165. [PMID: 29753019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients with injury to early visual cortex or its inputs can display the Riddoch phenomenon: preserved awareness for moving but not stationary stimuli. We provide a detailed case report of a patient with the Riddoch phenomenon, MC. MC has extensive bilateral lesions to occipitotemporal cortex that include most early visual cortex and complete blindness in visual field perimetry testing with static targets. Nevertheless, she shows a remarkably robust preserved ability to perceive motion, enabling her to navigate through cluttered environments and perform actions like catching moving balls. Comparisons of MC's structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to a probabilistic atlas based on controls reveals that MC's lesions encompass the posterior, lateral, and ventral early visual cortex bilaterally (V1, V2, V3A/B, LO1/2, TO1/2, hV4 and VO1 in both hemispheres) as well as more extensive damage to right parietal (inferior parietal lobule) and left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VO1, PHC1/2). She shows some sparing of anterior occipital cortex, which may account for her ability to see moving targets beyond ~15 degrees eccentricity during perimetry. Most strikingly, functional and structural MRI revealed robust and reliable spared functionality of the middle temporal motion complex (MT+) bilaterally. Moreover, consistent with her preserved ability to discriminate motion direction in psychophysical testing, MC also shows direction-selective adaptation in MT+. A variety of tests did not enable us to discern whether input to MT+ was driven by her spared anterior occipital cortex or subcortical inputs. Nevertheless, MC shows rich motion perception despite profoundly impaired static and form vision, combined with clear preservation of activation in MT+, thus supporting the role of MT+ in the Riddoch phenomenon.
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Brefczynski-Lewis JA, Lewis JW. Auditory object perception: A neurobiological model and prospective review. Neuropsychologia 2017; 105:223-242. [PMID: 28467888 PMCID: PMC5662485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interaction with the world is a multisensory experience, but most of what is known about the neural correlates of perception comes from studying vision. Auditory inputs enter cortex with its own set of unique qualities, and leads to use in oral communication, speech, music, and the understanding of emotional and intentional states of others, all of which are central to the human experience. To better understand how the auditory system develops, recovers after injury, and how it may have transitioned in its functions over the course of hominin evolution, advances are needed in models of how the human brain is organized to process real-world natural sounds and "auditory objects". This review presents a simple fundamental neurobiological model of hearing perception at a category level that incorporates principles of bottom-up signal processing together with top-down constraints of grounded cognition theories of knowledge representation. Though mostly derived from human neuroimaging literature, this theoretical framework highlights rudimentary principles of real-world sound processing that may apply to most if not all mammalian species with hearing and acoustic communication abilities. The model encompasses three basic categories of sound-source: (1) action sounds (non-vocalizations) produced by 'living things', with human (conspecific) and non-human animal sources representing two subcategories; (2) action sounds produced by 'non-living things', including environmental sources and human-made machinery; and (3) vocalizations ('living things'), with human versus non-human animals as two subcategories therein. The model is presented in the context of cognitive architectures relating to multisensory, sensory-motor, and spoken language organizations. The models' predictive values are further discussed in the context of anthropological theories of oral communication evolution and the neurodevelopment of spoken language proto-networks in infants/toddlers. These phylogenetic and ontogenetic frameworks both entail cortical network maturations that are proposed to at least in part be organized around a number of universal acoustic-semantic signal attributes of natural sounds, which are addressed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Brefczynski-Lewis
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, West Virginia University, PO Box 9229, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - James W Lewis
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, West Virginia University, PO Box 9229, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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16
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Webster PJ, Skipper-Kallal LM, Frum CA, Still HN, Ward BD, Lewis JW. Divergent Human Cortical Regions for Processing Distinct Acoustic-Semantic Categories of Natural Sounds: Animal Action Sounds vs. Vocalizations. Front Neurosci 2017; 10:579. [PMID: 28111538 PMCID: PMC5216875 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major gap in our understanding of natural sound processing is knowledge of where or how in a cortical hierarchy differential processing leads to categorical perception at a semantic level. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we sought to determine if and where cortical pathways in humans might diverge for processing action sounds vs. vocalizations as distinct acoustic-semantic categories of real-world sound when matched for duration and intensity. This was tested by using relatively less semantically complex natural sounds produced by non-conspecific animals rather than humans. Our results revealed a striking double-dissociation of activated networks bilaterally. This included a previously well described pathway preferential for processing vocalization signals directed laterally from functionally defined primary auditory cortices to the anterior superior temporal gyri, and a less well-described pathway preferential for processing animal action sounds directed medially to the posterior insulae. We additionally found that some of these regions and associated cortical networks showed parametric sensitivity to high-order quantifiable acoustic signal attributes and/or to perceptual features of the natural stimuli, such as the degree of perceived recognition or intentional understanding. Overall, these results supported a neurobiological theoretical framework for how the mammalian brain may be fundamentally organized to process acoustically and acoustic-semantically distinct categories of ethologically valid, real-world sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J. Webster
- Blanchette Rockefellar Neurosciences Institute, Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, West Virginia UniversityMorgantown, WV, USA
| | - Laura M. Skipper-Kallal
- Blanchette Rockefellar Neurosciences Institute, Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, West Virginia UniversityMorgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical CampusWashington, DC, USA
| | - Chris A. Frum
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia UniversityMorgantown, WV, USA
| | - Hayley N. Still
- Blanchette Rockefellar Neurosciences Institute, Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, West Virginia UniversityMorgantown, WV, USA
| | - B. Douglas Ward
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James W. Lewis
- Blanchette Rockefellar Neurosciences Institute, Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, West Virginia UniversityMorgantown, WV, USA
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17
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Thaler L, Goodale MA. Echolocation in humans: an overview. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2016; 7:382-393. [PMID: 27538733 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bats and dolphins are known for their ability to use echolocation. They emit bursts of sounds and listen to the echoes that bounce back to detect the objects in their environment. What is not as well-known is that some blind people have learned to do the same thing, making mouth clicks, for example, and using the returning echoes from those clicks to sense obstacles and objects of interest in their surroundings. The current review explores some of the research that has examined human echolocation and the changes that have been observed in the brains of echolocation experts. We also discuss potential applications and assistive technology based on echolocation. Blind echolocation experts can sense small differences in the location of objects, differentiate between objects of various sizes and shapes, and even between objects made of different materials, just by listening to the reflected echoes from mouth clicks. It is clear that echolocation may enable some blind people to do things that are otherwise thought to be impossible without vision, potentially providing them with a high degree of independence in their daily lives and demonstrating that echolocation can serve as an effective mobility strategy in the blind. Neuroimaging has shown that the processing of echoes activates brain regions in blind echolocators that would normally support vision in the sighted brain, and that the patterns of these activations are modulated by the information carried by the echoes. This work is shedding new light on just how plastic the human brain is. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:382-393. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1408 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Thaler
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK.
| | - Melvyn A Goodale
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Göttlich M, Krämer UM, Kordon A, Hohagen F, Zurowski B. Resting-state connectivity of the amygdala predicts response to cognitive behavioral therapy in obsessive compulsive disorder. Biol Psychol 2015; 111:100-9. [PMID: 26388257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder which is characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualized, repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions). The gold standard for the treatment of OCD is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention. This is the first study exploring the predictive value of resting-state functional connectivity for the outcome of CBT. METHODS We assessed whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity in a group of 17 un-medicated OCD inpatients prior to CBT compared to 19 healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The graph theoretical metric degree centrality served as indicator for altered voxel-wise whole-brain functional connectivity. The relative change in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) score was used to evaluate treatment outcome. RESULTS The degree centrality of the right basolateral nuclei group of the amygdala was positively correlated with the response to subsequent CBT. OCD patients showed a lower degree centrality of the superficial amygdala (bilateral). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that two different sub-regions of the amygdala and their respective neural networks are affected in OCD: the superficial amygdala and networks related to evaluation of reinforcers and risk anticipation and the basolateral amygdala which is implicated in fear processing. The diminished CBT response in patients showing a lower degree centrality of the basolateral amygdala reflects a deficient fear circuit in these patients which may impact fear extinction as a core mechanism of exposure-based CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Göttlich
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Ulrike M Krämer
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Kordon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fritz Hohagen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bartosz Zurowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; University of Hamburg, Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Germany
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19
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Stone KD, Gonzalez CLR. The contributions of vision and haptics to reaching and grasping. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1403. [PMID: 26441777 PMCID: PMC4584943 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive outlook on the sensory (visual and haptic) contributions to reaching and grasping. The focus is on studies in developing children, normal, and neuropsychological populations, and in sensory-deprived individuals. Studies have suggested a right-hand/left-hemisphere specialization for visually guided grasping and a left-hand/right-hemisphere specialization for haptically guided object recognition. This poses the interesting possibility that when vision is not available and grasping relies heavily on the haptic system, there is an advantage to use the left hand. We review the evidence for this possibility and dissect the unique contributions of the visual and haptic systems to grasping. We ultimately discuss how the integration of these two sensory modalities shape hand preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla D Stone
- The Brain in Action Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge AB, Canada
| | - Claudia L R Gonzalez
- The Brain in Action Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge AB, Canada
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20
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Koijck LA, Toet A, Van Erp JBF. Tactile roughness perception in the presence of olfactory and trigeminal stimulants. PeerJ 2015; 3:e955. [PMID: 26020010 PMCID: PMC4435474 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that odorants consistently evoke associations with textures and their tactile properties like smoothness and roughness. Also, it has been observed that olfaction can modulate tactile perception. We therefore hypothesized that tactile roughness perception may be biased towards the somatosensory connotation of an ambient odorant. We performed two experiments to test this hypothesis. In the first experiment, we investigated the influence of ambient chemosensory stimuli with different roughness connotations on tactile roughness perception. In addition to a pleasant odor with a connotation of softness (PEA), we also included a trigeminal stimulant with a rough, sharp or prickly connotation (Ethanol). We expected that—compared to a No-odorant control condition—tactile texture perception would be biased towards smoothness in the presence of PEA and towards roughness in the presence of Ethanol. However, our results show no significant interaction between chemosensory stimulation and perceived tactile surface roughness. It could be argued that ambient odors may be less effective in stimulating crossmodal associations, since they are by definition extraneous to the tactile stimuli. In an attempt to optimize the conditions for sensory integration, we therefore performed a second experiment in which the olfactory and tactile stimuli were presented in synchrony and in close spatial proximity. In addition, we included pleasant (Lemon) and unpleasant (Indole) odorants that are known to have the ability to affect tactile perception. We expected that tactile stimuli would be perceived as less rough when simultaneously presented with Lemon or PEA (both associated with softness) than when presented with Ethanol or Indole (odors that can be associated with roughness). Again, we found no significant main effect of chemosensory condition on perceived tactile roughness. We discuss the limitations of this study and we present suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan B F Van Erp
- TNO , Soesterberg , The Netherlands ; Human Media Interaction, University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
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21
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Aminoff EM, Toneva M, Shrivastava A, Chen X, Misra I, Gupta A, Tarr MJ. Applying artificial vision models to human scene understanding. Front Comput Neurosci 2015; 9:8. [PMID: 25698964 PMCID: PMC4316773 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2015.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
How do we understand the complex patterns of neural responses that underlie scene understanding? Studies of the network of brain regions held to be scene-selective—the parahippocampal/lingual region (PPA), the retrosplenial complex (RSC), and the occipital place area (TOS)—have typically focused on single visual dimensions (e.g., size), rather than the high-dimensional feature space in which scenes are likely to be neurally represented. Here we leverage well-specified artificial vision systems to explicate a more complex understanding of how scenes are encoded in this functional network. We correlated similarity matrices within three different scene-spaces arising from: (1) BOLD activity in scene-selective brain regions; (2) behavioral measured judgments of visually-perceived scene similarity; and (3) several different computer vision models. These correlations revealed: (1) models that relied on mid- and high-level scene attributes showed the highest correlations with the patterns of neural activity within the scene-selective network; (2) NEIL and SUN—the models that best accounted for the patterns obtained from PPA and TOS—were different from the GIST model that best accounted for the pattern obtained from RSC; (3) The best performing models outperformed behaviorally-measured judgments of scene similarity in accounting for neural data. One computer vision method—NEIL (“Never-Ending-Image-Learner”), which incorporates visual features learned as statistical regularities across web-scale numbers of scenes—showed significant correlations with neural activity in all three scene-selective regions and was one of the two models best able to account for variance in the PPA and TOS. We suggest that these results are a promising first step in explicating more fine-grained models of neural scene understanding, including developing a clearer picture of the division of labor among the components of the functional scene-selective brain network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa M Aminoff
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mariya Toneva
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Machine Learning, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Xinlei Chen
- Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ishan Misra
- Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abhinav Gupta
- Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Tarr
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Milne JL, Arnott SR, Kish D, Goodale MA, Thaler L. Parahippocampal cortex is involved in material processing via echoes in blind echolocation experts. Vision Res 2014; 109:139-48. [PMID: 25086210 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some blind humans use sound to navigate by emitting mouth-clicks and listening to the echoes that reflect from silent objects and surfaces in their surroundings. These echoes contain information about the size, shape, location, and material properties of objects. Here we present results from an fMRI experiment that investigated the neural activity underlying the processing of materials through echolocation. Three blind echolocation experts (as well as three blind and three sighted non-echolocating control participants) took part in the experiment. First, we made binaural sound recordings in the ears of each echolocator while he produced clicks in the presence of one of three different materials (fleece, synthetic foliage, or whiteboard), or while he made clicks in an empty room. During fMRI scanning these recordings were played back to participants. Remarkably, all participants were able to identify each of the three materials reliably, as well as the empty room. Furthermore, a whole brain analysis, in which we isolated the processing of just the reflected echoes, revealed a material-related increase in BOLD activation in a region of left parahippocampal cortex in the echolocating participants, but not in the blind or sighted control participants. Our results, in combination with previous findings about brain areas involved in material processing, are consistent with the idea that material processing by means of echolocation relies on a multi-modal material processing area in parahippocampal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Milne
- The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen R Arnott
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Kish
- World Access for the Blind, Encino, CA, United States
| | - Melvyn A Goodale
- The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lore Thaler
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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23
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Podrebarac SK, Goodale MA, Snow JC. Are visual texture-selective areas recruited during haptic texture discrimination? Neuroimage 2014; 94:129-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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24
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Jacobs RHAH, Baumgartner E, Gegenfurtner KR. The representation of material categories in the brain. Front Psychol 2014; 5:146. [PMID: 24659972 PMCID: PMC3950415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using textures mapped onto virtual nonsense objects, it has recently been shown that early visual cortex plays an important role in processing material properties. Here, we examined brain activation to photographs of materials, consisting of wood, stone, metal and fabric surfaces. These photographs were close-ups in the sense that the materials filled the image. In the first experiment, observers categorized the material in each image (i.e., wood, stone, metal, or fabric), while in an fMRI-scanner. We predicted the assigned material category using the obtained voxel patterns using a linear classifier. Region-of-interest and whole-brain analyses demonstrated material coding in the early visual regions, with lower accuracies for more anterior regions. There was little evidence for material coding in other brain regions. In the second experiment, we used an adaptation paradigm to reveal additional brain areas involved in the perception of material categories. Participants viewed images of wood, stone, metal, and fabric, presented in blocks with images of either different material categories (no adaptation) or images of different samples from the same material category (material adaptation). To measure baseline activation, blocks with the same material sample were presented (baseline adaptation). Material adaptation effects were found mainly in the parahippocampal gyrus, in agreement with fMRI-studies of texture perception. Our findings suggest that the parahippocampal gyrus, early visual cortex, and possibly the supramarginal gyrus are involved in the perception of material categories, but in different ways. The different outcomes from the two studies are likely due to inherent differences between the two paradigms. A third experiment suggested, based on anatomical overlap between activations, that spatial frequency information is important for within-category material discrimination.
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25
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Aminoff EM, Kveraga K, Bar M. The role of the parahippocampal cortex in cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 2013; 17:379-90. [PMID: 23850264 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The parahippocampal cortex (PHC) has been associated with many cognitive processes, including visuospatial processing and episodic memory. To characterize the role of PHC in cognition, a framework is required that unifies these disparate processes. An overarching account was proposed whereby the PHC is part of a network of brain regions that processes contextual associations. Contextual associations are the principal element underlying many higher-level cognitive processes, and thus are suitable for unifying the PHC literature. Recent findings are reviewed that provide support for the contextual associations account of PHC function. In addition to reconciling a vast breadth of literature, the synthesis presented expands the implications of the proposed account and gives rise to new and general questions about context and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa M Aminoff
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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26
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Shape-specific activation of occipital cortex in an early blind echolocation expert. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:938-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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27
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The auditory dorsal pathway: Orienting vision. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:2162-73. [PMID: 21530585 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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29
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Transformation from image-based to perceptual representation of materials along the human ventral visual pathway. Neuroimage 2011; 57:482-94. [PMID: 21569854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Every object in the world has its own surface quality that is a reflection of the material from which the object is made. We can easily identify and categorize materials (wood, metal, fabric etc.) at a glance, and this ability enables us to decide how to interact appropriately with these objects. Little is known, however, about how materials are represented in the brain, or how that representation is related to material perception or the physical properties of material surface. By combining multivoxel pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data with perceptual and image-based physical measures of material properties, we found that the way visual information about materials is coded gradually changes from an image-based representation in early visual areas to a perceptual representation in the ventral higher-order visual areas. We suggest that meaningful information about multimodal aspects of real-world materials reside in the ventral cortex around the fusiform gyrus, where it can be utilized for categorization of materials.
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30
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Alain C, Shen D, Yu H, Grady C. Dissociable memory- and response-related activity in parietal cortex during auditory spatial working memory. Front Psychol 2010; 1:202. [PMID: 21833258 PMCID: PMC3153808 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attending and responding to sound location generates increased activity in parietal cortex which may index auditory spatial working memory and/or goal-directed action. Here, we used an n-back task (Experiment 1) and an adaptation paradigm (Experiment 2) to distinguish memory-related activity from that associated with goal-directed action. In Experiment 1, participants indicated, in separate blocks of trials, whether the incoming stimulus was presented at the same location as in the previous trial (1-back) or two trials ago (2-back). Prior to a block of trials, participants were told to use their left or right index finger. Accuracy and reaction times were worse for the 2-back than for the 1-back condition. The analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data revealed greater sustained task-related activity in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and superior frontal sulcus during 2-back than 1-back after accounting for response-related activity elicited by the targets. Target detection and response execution were also associated with enhanced activity in the IPL bilaterally, though the activation was anterior to that associated with sustained task-related activity. In Experiment 2, we used an event-related design in which participants listened (no response required) to trials that comprised four sounds presented either at the same location or at four different locations. We found larger IPL activation for changes in sound location than for sounds presented at the same location. The IPL activation overlapped with that observed during the auditory spatial working memory task. Together, these results provide converging evidence supporting the role of parietal cortex in auditory spatial working memory which can be dissociated from response selection and execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Bennett CM, Wolford GL, Miller MB. The principled control of false positives in neuroimaging. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2010; 4:417-22. [PMID: 20042432 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsp053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An incredible amount of data is generated in the course of a functional neuroimaging experiment. The quantity of data gives us improved temporal and spatial resolution with which to evaluate our results. It also creates a staggering multiple testing problem. A number of methods have been created that address the multiple testing problem in neuroimaging in a principled fashion. These methods place limits on either the familywise error rate (FWER) or the false discovery rate (FDR) of the results. These principled approaches are well established in the literature and are known to properly limit the amount of false positives across the whole brain. However, a minority of papers are still published every month using methods that are improperly corrected for the number of tests conducted. These latter methods place limits on the voxelwise probability of a false positive and yield no information on the global rate of false positives in the results. In this commentary, we argue in favor of a principled approach to the multiple testing problem--one that places appropriate limits on the rate of false positives across the whole brain gives readers the information they need to properly evaluate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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32
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Buckingham G, Cant JS, Goodale MA. Living in A Material World: How Visual Cues to Material Properties Affect the Way That We Lift Objects and Perceive Their Weight. J Neurophysiol 2009; 102:3111-8. [PMID: 19793879 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00515.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual properties of an object provide many cues as to the tensile strength, compliance, and density of the material from which it is made. However, it is not well understood how these implicit associations affect our perceptions of these properties and how they determine the initial forces that are applied when an object is picked up. Here we examine the effects of these cues on such forces by using the classic “material-weight illusion” (MWI). Grip and load forces were measured in three experiments as participants lifted cubes made from metal, wood, and expanded polystyrene. These cubes were adjusted to have a different mass than would be expected for a particular material. For the initial lifts, the forces were scaled to the expected weight of each object, such that the metal block was gripped and lifted with more force than the polystyrene one. After a few lifts, however, participants scaled their forces to the actual weight of the blocks, implicitly disregarding the misleading visual cues to each block's composition ( experiments 1 and 2). Despite this rapid rescaling, participants experienced a robust MWI throughout the duration of the experiments. In fact, the grip and load forces never matched the perception of weight until the differences in the visual surface properties between the blocks were removed ( experiment 3). These findings are discussed in relation to recent debates about the underlying causes of weight-based illusions and the effect of top-down visual cues on perception and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Buckingham
- Group on Action and Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan S. Cant
- Group on Action and Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melvyn A. Goodale
- Group on Action and Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 17:412-8. [PMID: 19755872 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e3283318f24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cavina-Pratesi C, Kentridge RW, Heywood CA, Milner AD. Separate processing of texture and form in the ventral stream: evidence from FMRI and visual agnosia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 20:433-46. [PMID: 19478035 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Real-life visual object recognition requires the processing of more than just geometric (shape, size, and orientation) properties. Surface properties such as color and texture are equally important, particularly for providing information about the material properties of objects. Recent neuroimaging research suggests that geometric and surface properties are dealt with separately within the lateral occipital cortex (LOC) and the collateral sulcus (CoS), respectively. Here we compared objects that differed either in aspect ratio or in surface texture only, keeping all other visual properties constant. Results on brain-intact participants confirmed that surface texture activates an area in the posterior CoS, quite distinct from the area activated by shape within LOC. We also tested 2 patients with visual object agnosia, one of whom (DF) performed well on the texture task but at chance on the shape task, whereas the other (MS) showed the converse pattern. This behavioral double dissociation was matched by a parallel neuroimaging dissociation, with activation in CoS but not LOC in patient DF and activation in LOC but not CoS in patient MS. These data provide presumptive evidence that the areas respectively activated by shape and texture play a causally necessary role in the perceptual discrimination of these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cavina-Pratesi
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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Cant JS, Arnott SR, Goodale MA. fMR-adaptation reveals separate processing regions for the perception of form and texture in the human ventral stream. Exp Brain Res 2008; 192:391-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-008-1573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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