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Gallego-Molina NJ, Ortiz A, Arco JE, Martinez-Murcia FJ, Woo WL. Unraveling Brain Synchronisation Dynamics by Explainable Neural Networks using EEG Signals: Application to Dyslexia Diagnosis. Interdiscip Sci 2024:10.1007/s12539-024-00634-x. [PMID: 38954232 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-024-00634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The electrical activity of the neural processes involved in cognitive functions is captured in EEG signals, allowing the exploration of the integration and coordination of neuronal oscillations across multiple spatiotemporal scales. We have proposed a novel approach that combines the transformation of EEG signal into image sequences, considering cross-frequency phase synchronisation (CFS) dynamics involved in low-level auditory processing, with the development of a two-stage deep learning model for the detection of developmental dyslexia (DD). This deep learning model exploits spatial and temporal information preserved in the image sequences to find discriminative patterns of phase synchronisation over time achieving a balanced accuracy of up to 83%. This result supports the existence of differential brain synchronisation dynamics between typical and dyslexic seven-year-old readers. Furthermore, we have obtained interpretable representations using a novel feature mask to link the most relevant regions during classification with the cognitive processes attributed to normal reading and those corresponding to compensatory mechanisms found in dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás J Gallego-Molina
- Communications Engineering Department, University of Málaga, 29004, Málaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data, Science and Computational Intelligence, 18010, Granada, Spain.
| | - Andrés Ortiz
- Communications Engineering Department, University of Málaga, 29004, Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data, Science and Computational Intelligence, 18010, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan E Arco
- Communications Engineering Department, University of Málaga, 29004, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data, Science and Computational Intelligence, 18010, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Martinez-Murcia
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data, Science and Computational Intelligence, 18010, Granada, Spain
- Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
| | - Wai Lok Woo
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
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2
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Dmitrieva E, Malkov A. Optogenetic stimulation of medial septal glutamatergic neurons modulates theta-gamma coupling in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2024; 211:107929. [PMID: 38685526 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hippocampal cross-frequency theta-gamma coupling (TGC) is a basic mechanism for information processing, retrieval, and consolidation of long-term and working memory. While the role of entorhinal afferents in the modulation of hippocampal TGC is widely accepted, the influence of other main input to the hippocampus, from the medial septal area (MSA, the pacemaker of the hippocampal theta rhythm) is poorly understood. Optogenetics allows us to explore how different neuronal populations of septohippocampal circuits control neuronal oscillations in vivo. Rhythmic activation of septal glutamatergic neurons has been shown to drive hippocampal theta oscillations, but the role of these neuronal populations in information processing during theta activation has remained unclear. Here we investigated the influence of phasic activation of MSA glutamatergic neurons expressing channelrhodopsin II on theta-gamma coupling in the hippocampus. During the experiment, local field potentials of MSA and hippocampus of freely behaving mice were modulated by 470 nm light flashes with theta frequency (2-10) Hz. It was shown that both the power and the strength of modulation of gamma rhythm nested on hippocampal theta waves depend on the frequency of stimulation. The modulation of the amplitude of slow gamma rhythm (30-50 Hz) prevailed over modulation of fast gamma (55-100 Hz) during flash trains and the observed effects were specific for theta stimulation of MSA. We discuss the possibility that phasic depolarization of septal glutamatergic neurons controls theta-gamma coupling in the hippocampus and plays a role in memory retrieval and consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dmitrieva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anton Malkov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.
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3
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McGill MB, Kieffaber PD. Event-related theta and gamma band oscillatory dynamics during visuo-spatial sequence memory in younger and older adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297995. [PMID: 38564573 PMCID: PMC10986947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) for sequences is thought to be crucial for daily behaviors. Decades of research indicate that oscillations in the gamma and theta bands play important functional roles in the support of visuo-spatial working memory, but the vast majority of that research emphasizes measures of neural activity during memory retention. The primary aims of the present study were (1) to determine whether oscillatory dynamics in the Theta and Gamma ranges would reflect item-level sequence encoding during a computerized spatial span task, (2) to determine whether item-level sequence recall is also related to these neural oscillations, and (3) to determine the nature of potential changes to these processes in healthy cognitive aging. Results indicate that VSWM sequence encoding is related to later (∼700 ms) gamma band oscillatory dynamics and may be preserved in healthy older adults; high gamma power over midline frontal and posterior sites increased monotonically as items were added to the spatial sequence in both age groups. Item-level oscillatory dynamics during the recall of VSWM sequences were related only to theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling (PAC), which increased monotonically with serial position in both age groups. Results suggest that, despite a general decrease in frontal theta power during VSWM sequence recall in older adults, gamma band dynamics during encoding and theta-gamma PAC during retrieval play unique roles in VSWM and that the processes they reflect may be spared in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenna B. McGill
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Kieffaber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
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Li C, Wang Y, Li W, Yang Y, Xia X. Measure functional network and cortical excitability in post-anoxic patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome diagnosed by behavioral scales. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1071594. [PMID: 36711155 PMCID: PMC9874310 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1071594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain assessment shows great values in prognosis, treatment, resource allocation, and decision-making for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). However, less research focused on cortical conditions of patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS). Methods We recorded resting-state EEG and TMS-EEG from post-anoxic patients with UWS, diagnosed by repeated Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Measurements of functional connectivity and networks were performed by phase lock value (PLV) and network parameters of graph theory (average path length, clustering coefficient, and small-world). Global cortical reactivity values (GCRV) were used to assess cortical excitability. Results The coefficient of variation (CV) presented marked inter-individual variations of PLV (CV = 0.285), network parameters (CV > 0.2), and GCRV (CV = 0.929) within these patients. The patients' PLV and network parameters at theta and alpha bands significantly correlated with their GCRV values. Patients with higher PLV (r = 0.560, 0.406), as well as better preserved network (lower average path length (r = -0.522, -0.483), higher clustering coefficient (r = 0.522, 0.445), and small-world (r = 0.522, 0.445) at theta and alpha bands, presented higher GCRV. The functional connectivity, which is significantly correlated with frontal GCRV, is also mainly located in the frontal region. These correlations were not significant at other frequency bands: Delta, beta, and gamma bands. Conclusion These findings suggested that the CRS-R-diagnosed post-anoxic patients with UWS had very different cortical conditions. Functional networks and cortical excitability measured by TMS-EEG could complement behavioral assessment to assess these patients' cortical conditions. Significance It provides a deeper understanding of neurophysiological dysfunction in patients with UWS and hints to the clinics that neural-electrophysiological assessment for such patients may be necessary to acquire their brain conditions, which may benefit stratified management for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Neurosurgery, The Characteristic Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Zhuhai University of Macau (UM) Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wende Li
- Senior Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xia
- Senior Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoyu Xia,
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Tsai CC, Liu HH, Tseng YL. Comparison of event-related modulation index and traditional methods for evaluating phase-amplitude coupling using simulated brain signals. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2022; 116:569-583. [PMID: 36114844 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-022-00944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of brain oscillations and connectivity has become an important topic in the recent decade. There are several types of interactions between neuronal oscillations, and one of the most interesting among these interactions is phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). Several methods have been proposed to measure the strength of PAC, including the phase-locking value, circular-linear correlation, and modulation index. In the current study, we compared these traditional PAC methods with simulated electroencephalogram signals. Further, to assess the PAC value at each time point, we also compared two recently established methods, event-related phase-locking value and event-related circular-linear correlation, with our newly proposed event-related modulation index (ERMI). Results indicated that the ERMI has better temporal resolution and is more tolerant to noise than the other two event-related methods, suggesting the advantages of utilizing ERMI in evaluating the strength of PAC within a brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Hsiang Liu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Li Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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80 Hz but not 40 Hz, transcranial alternating current stimulation of 80 Hz over right intraparietal sulcus increases visuospatial working memory capacity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13762. [PMID: 35962011 PMCID: PMC9374770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a complex cognitive function involved in the temporary storage and manipulation of information, which has been one of the target cognitive functions to be restored in neurorehabilitation. WM capacity is known to be proportional to the number of gamma cycles nested in a single theta cycle. Therefore, gamma-band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) should be dependent of the stimulation frequency; however, the results of previous studies that employed 40 Hz tACS have not been consistent. The optimal locations and injection currents of multiple scalp electrodes were determined based on numerical simulations of electric field. Experiments were conducted with 20 healthy participants. The order of three stimulation conditions (40 Hz tACS, 80 Hz tACS, and sham stimulation) were randomized but counterbalanced. Visual hemifield-specific visual WM capacity was assessed using a delayed visual match to the sample task. High gamma tACS significantly increased WM capacity, while low gamma tACS had no significant effect. Notably, 80 Hz tACS increased WM capacity on both the left and right visual hemifields, while previous tACS studies only reported the effects of tACS on contralateral hemifields. This is the first study to investigate the frequency-dependent effect of gamma-band tACS on WM capacity. Our findings also suggest that high gamma tACS might influence not only WM capacity but also communication between interhemispheric cortical regions. It is expected that high gamma tACS could be a promising neurorehabilitation method to enhance higher-order cognitive functions with similar mechanisms.
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7
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Malkov A, Shevkova L, Latyshkova A, Kitchigina V. Theta and gamma hippocampal-neocortical oscillations during the episodic-like memory test: Impairment in epileptogenic rats. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114110. [PMID: 35551900 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cortical oscillations in different frequency bands have been shown to be intimately involved in exploration of environment and cognition. Here, the local field potentials in the hippocampus, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) were recorded simultaneously in rats during the execution of the episodic-like memory task. The power of theta (~4-10 Hz), slow gamma (~25-50 Hz), and fast gamma oscillations (~55-100 Hz) was analyzed in all structures examined. Particular attention was paid to the theta coherence between three mentioned structures. The modulation of the power of gamma rhythms by the phase of theta cycle during the execution of the episodic-like memory test by rats was also closely studied. Healthy rats and rats one month after kainate-induced status epilepticus (SE) were examined. Paroxysmal activity in the hippocampus (high amplitude interictal spikes), excessive excitability of animals, and the death of hippocampal and dentate granular cells in rats with kainate-evoked SE were observed, which indicated the development of seizure focus in the hippocampus (epileptogenesis). One month after SE, the rats exhibited a specific impairment of episodic memory for the what-where-when triad: unlike healthy rats, epileptogenic SE animals did not identify the objects during the test. This impairment was associated with the changes in the characteristics of theta and gamma rhythms and specific violation of theta coherence and theta/gamma coupling in these structures in comparison with the healthy animals. We believe that these disturbances in the cortical areas play a role in episodic memory dysfunction in kainate-treated animals. These findings can shed light on the mechanisms of cognitive deficit during epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Malkov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.
| | | | - Alexandra Latyshkova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Valentina Kitchigina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
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8
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OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4156-4171. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Kerins S, Nottage J, Salazar de Pablo G, Kempton MJ, Tognin S, Niemann DH, de Haan L, van Amelsvoort T, Kwon JS, Nelson B, Mizrahi R, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P. Identifying Electroencephalography Biomarkers in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis in an International Multi-Site Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:828376. [PMID: 35370849 PMCID: PMC8970279 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.828376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) paradigm was introduced to detect individuals at risk of developing psychosis and to establish preventive strategies. While current prediction of outcomes in the CHR-P state is based mostly on the clinical assessment of presenting features, several emerging biomarkers have been investigated in an attempt to stratify CHR-P individuals according to their individual trajectories and refine the diagnostic process. However, heterogeneity across subgroups is a key challenge that has limited the impact of the CHR-P prediction strategies, as the clinical validity of the current research is limited by a lack of external validation across sites and modalities. Despite these challenges, electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers have been studied in this field and evidence suggests that EEG used in combination with clinical assessments may be a key measure for improving diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in the CHR-P state. The PSYSCAN EEG study is an international, multi-site, multimodal longitudinal project that aims to advance knowledge in this field. METHODS Participants at 6 international sites take part in an EEG protocol including EEG recording, cognitive and clinical assessments. CHR-P participants will be followed up after 2 years and subcategorised depending on their illness progression regarding transition to psychosis. Differences will be sought between CHR-P individuals and healthy controls and between CHR-P individuals who transition and those who do not transition to psychosis using data driven computational analyses. DISCUSSION This protocol addresses the challenges faced by previous studies of this kind to enable valid identification of predictive EEG biomarkers which will be combined with other biomarkers across sites to develop a prognostic tool in CHR-P. The PSYSCAN EEG study aims to pave the way for incorporating EEG biomarkers in the assessment of CHR-P individuals, to refine the diagnostic process and help to stratify CHR-P subjects according to risk of transition. This may improve our understanding of the CHR-P state and therefore aid the development of more personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kerins
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Nottage
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Tognin
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dorien H Niemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Abubaker M, Al Qasem W, Kvašňák E. Working Memory and Cross-Frequency Coupling of Neuronal Oscillations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:756661. [PMID: 34744934 PMCID: PMC8566716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is the active retention and processing of information over a few seconds and is considered an essential component of cognitive function. The reduced WM capacity is a common feature in many diseases, such as schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The theta-gamma neural code is an essential component of memory representations in the multi-item WM. A large body of studies have examined the association between cross-frequency coupling (CFC) across the cerebral cortices and WM performance; electrophysiological data together with the behavioral results showed the associations between CFC and WM performance. The oscillatory entrainment (sensory, non-invasive electrical/magnetic, and invasive electrical) remains the key method to investigate the causal relationship between CFC and WM. The frequency-tuned non-invasive brain stimulation is a promising way to improve WM performance in healthy and non-healthy patients with cognitive impairment. The WM performance is sensitive to the phase and rhythm of externally applied stimulations. CFC-transcranial-alternating current stimulation (CFC-tACS) is a recent approach in neuroscience that could alter cognitive outcomes. The studies that investigated (1) the association between CFC and WM and (2) the brain stimulation protocols that enhanced WM through modulating CFC by the means of the non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been included in this review. In principle, this review can guide the researchers to identify the most prominent form of CFC associated with WM processing (e.g., theta/gamma phase-amplitude coupling), and to define the previously published studies that manipulate endogenous CFC externally to improve WM. This in turn will pave the path for future studies aimed at investigating the CFC-tACS effect on WM. The CFC-tACS protocols need to be thoroughly studied before they can be considered as therapeutic tools in patients with WM deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abubaker
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Wiam Al Qasem
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eugen Kvašňák
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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11
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EEG cross-frequency phase synchronization as an index of memory matching in visual search. Neuroimage 2021; 235:117971. [PMID: 33839263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual perception is influenced by our expectancies about incoming sensory information. It is assumed that mental templates of expected sensory input are created and compared to actual input, which can be matching or not. When such mental templates are held in working memory, cross-frequency phase synchronization (CFS) between theta and gamma band activity has been proposed to serve matching processes between prediction and sensation. We investigated how this is affected by the number of activated templates that could be matched by comparing conditions where participants had to keep either one or multiple templates in mind for successful visual search. We found a transient CFS between EEG theta and gamma activity in an early time window around 150 ms after search display presentation, in right hemispheric parietal cortex. Our results suggest that for single template conditions, stronger transient theta-gamma CFS at posterior sites contralateral to target presentation can be observed than for multiple templates. This can be interpreted as evidence to the idea of sequential attentional templates. But mainly, it is understood in line with previous theoretical accounts strongly arguing for transient synchronization between posterior theta and gamma phase as a neural correlate of matching incoming sensory information with contents from working memory and as evidence for limitations in memory matching during multiple template search.
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12
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Canales-Johnson A, Lanfranco RC, Morales JP, Martínez-Pernía D, Valdés J, Ezquerro-Nassar A, Rivera-Rei Á, Ibanez A, Chennu S, Bekinschtein TA, Huepe D, Noreika V. In your phase: neural phase synchronisation underlies visual imagery of faces. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2401. [PMID: 33504828 PMCID: PMC7840739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery is the process through which we retrieve and recombine information from our memory to elicit the subjective impression of “seeing with the mind’s eye”. In the social domain, we imagine other individuals while recalling our encounters with them or modelling alternative social interactions in future. Many studies using imaging and neurophysiological techniques have shown several similarities in brain activity between visual imagery and visual perception, and have identified frontoparietal, occipital and temporal neural components of visual imagery. However, the neural connectivity between these regions during visual imagery of socially relevant stimuli has not been studied. Here we used electroencephalography to investigate neural connectivity and its dynamics between frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal electrodes during visual imagery of faces. We found that voluntary visual imagery of faces is associated with long-range phase synchronisation in the gamma frequency range between frontoparietal electrode pairs and between occipitoparietal electrode pairs. In contrast, no effect of imagery was observed in the connectivity between occipitotemporal electrode pairs. Gamma range synchronisation between occipitoparietal electrode pairs predicted subjective ratings of the contour definition of imagined faces. Furthermore, we found that visual imagery of faces is associated with an increase of short-range frontal synchronisation in the theta frequency range, which temporally preceded the long-range increase in the gamma synchronisation. We speculate that the local frontal synchrony in the theta frequency range might be associated with an effortful top-down mnemonic reactivation of faces. In contrast, the long-range connectivity in the gamma frequency range along the fronto-parieto-occipital axis might be related to the endogenous binding and subjective clarity of facial visual features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Canales-Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK. .,Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Renzo C Lanfranco
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Pablo Morales
- Facultad de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Joaquín Valdés
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Agustín Ibanez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Latin American Institute of Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Cognitive Neurosience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Srivas Chennu
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - David Huepe
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valdas Noreika
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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13
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Zhang J, Firestone E, Elattma A. Animal Models of Tinnitus Treatment: Cochlear and Brain Stimulation. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 51:83-129. [PMID: 34282563 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuromodulation, via stimulation of a variety of peripheral and central structures, is used to suppress tinnitus. However, investigative limitations in humans due to ethical reasons have made it difficult to decipher the mechanisms underlying treatment-induced tinnitus relief, so a number of animal models have arisen to address these unknowns. This chapter reviews animal models of cochlear and brain stimulation and assesses their modulatory effects on behavioral evidence of tinnitus and its related neural correlates. When a structure is stimulated, localized modulation, often presenting as downregulation of spontaneous neuronal spike firing rate, bursting and neurosynchrony, occurs within the brain area. Through anatomical projections and transmitter pathways, the interventions activate both auditory- and non-auditory structures by taking bottom-up ascending and top-down descending modes to influence their target brain structures. Furthermore, it is the brain oscillations that cochlear or brain stimulation evoke and connect the prefrontal cortex, striatal systems, and other limbic structures to refresh neural networks and relieve auditory, attentive, conscious, as well as emotional reactive aspects of tinnitus. This oscillatory neural network connectivity is achieved via the thalamocorticothalamic circuitry including the lemniscal and non-lemniscal auditory brain structures. Beyond existing technologies, the review also reveals opportunities for developing advanced animal models using new modalities to achieve precision neuromodulation and tinnitus abatement, such as optogenetic cochlear and/or brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Ethan Firestone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Elattma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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14
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Kumari E, Li K, Yang Z, Zhang T. Tacrine accelerates spatial long-term memory via improving impaired neural oscillations and modulating GAD isomers including neuro-receptors in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 AD mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Archer K, Pammer K, Vidyasagar TR. A Temporal Sampling Basis for Visual Processing in Developmental Dyslexia. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:213. [PMID: 32733217 PMCID: PMC7360833 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of oscillatory entrainment and its fundamental role in cognitive and behavioral processing has increasingly been applied to research in the field of reading and developmental dyslexia. Growing evidence indicates that oscillatory entrainment to theta frequency spoken language in the auditory domain, along with cross-frequency theta-gamma coupling, support phonological processing (i.e., cognitive encoding of linguistic knowledge gathered from speech) which is required for reading. This theory is called the temporal sampling framework (TSF) and can extend to developmental dyslexia, such that inadequate temporal sampling of speech-sounds in people with dyslexia results in poor theta oscillatory entrainment in the auditory domain, and thus a phonological processing deficit which hinders reading ability. We suggest that inadequate theta oscillations in the visual domain might account for the many magno-dorsal processing, oculomotor control and visual deficits seen in developmental dyslexia. We propose two possible models of a magno-dorsal visual correlate to the auditory TSF: (1) A direct correlate that involves "bottom-up" magnocellular oscillatory entrainment of the visual domain that occurs when magnocellular populations phase lock to theta frequency fixations during reading and (2) an inverse correlate whereby attending to text triggers "top-down" low gamma signals from higher-order visual processing areas, thereby organizing magnocellular populations to synchronize to a theta frequency to drive the temporal control of oculomotor movements and capturing of letter images at a higher frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Archer
- Applied Psychology and Human Factors Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristen Pammer
- Applied Psychology and Human Factors Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Trichur Raman Vidyasagar
- Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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16
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Ceni A, Olmi S, Torcini A, Angulo-Garcia D. Cross frequency coupling in next generation inhibitory neural mass models. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:053121. [PMID: 32491891 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coupling among neural rhythms is one of the most important mechanisms at the basis of cognitive processes in the brain. In this study, we consider a neural mass model, rigorously obtained from the microscopic dynamics of an inhibitory spiking network with exponential synapses, able to autonomously generate collective oscillations (COs). These oscillations emerge via a super-critical Hopf bifurcation, and their frequencies are controlled by the synaptic time scale, the synaptic coupling, and the excitability of the neural population. Furthermore, we show that two inhibitory populations in a master-slave configuration with different synaptic time scales can display various collective dynamical regimes: damped oscillations toward a stable focus, periodic and quasi-periodic oscillations, and chaos. Finally, when bidirectionally coupled, the two inhibitory populations can exhibit different types of θ-γ cross-frequency couplings (CFCs): phase-phase and phase-amplitude CFC. The coupling between θ and γ COs is enhanced in the presence of an external θ forcing, reminiscent of the type of modulation induced in hippocampal and cortex circuits via optogenetic drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ceni
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Olmi
- Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée Research Centre, 2004 Route des Lucioles, 06902 Valbonne, France
| | - Alessandro Torcini
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, CNRS, UMR 8089, 95302 Cergy-Pontoise cedex, France
| | - David Angulo-Garcia
- Grupo de Modelado Computacional-Dinámica y Complejidad de Sistemas, Instituto de Matemáticas Aplicadas, Universidad de Cartagena, Carrera 6 #36-100, 130001 Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
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17
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Khamechian MB, Daliri MR. Decoding Adaptive Visuomotor Behavior Mediated by Non-linear Phase Coupling in Macaque Area MT. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:230. [PMID: 32317912 PMCID: PMC7147352 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea that a flexible behavior relies on synchronous neural activity within intra- and inter-associated cortical areas has been a matter of intense research in human and animal neuroscience. The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this behavioral correlate of the synchronous activity are still unknown. It has been suggested that the strength of neural synchrony at the level of population is an important neural code to guide an efficient transformation of the sensory input into the behavioral action. In this study, we have examined the non-linear synchronization between neural ensembles in area MT of the macaque visual cortex by employing a non-linear cross-frequency coupling technique, namely bicoherence. We trained a macaque monkey to detect a brief change in the cued stimulus during a visuomotor detection task. The results show that the non-linear phase synchronization in the high-gamma frequency band (100-250 Hz) predicts the animal's reaction time. The strength of non-linear phase synchronization is selective to the target stimulus location. In addition, the non-linearity characteristics of neural synchronization are selectively modulated when the monkey covertly attends to the stimulus inside the neuron's receptive field. This additional evidence indicates that non-linear neuronal synchronization may be affected by a cognitive function like spatial attention. Our neural and behavioral observations reflect that two crucial processes may be involved in processing of visuomotor information in area MT: (I) a non-linear cortical process (measured by the bicoherence) and (II) a linear process (measured by the spectral power).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Khamechian
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Cognitive Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
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18
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Yuk V, Urbain C, Anagnostou E, Taylor MJ. Frontoparietal Network Connectivity During an N-Back Task in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:551808. [PMID: 33033481 PMCID: PMC7509600 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.551808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term and working memory (STM and WM) deficits have been demonstrated in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may emerge through atypical functional activity and connectivity of the frontoparietal network, which exerts top-down control necessary for successful STM and WM processes. Little is known regarding the spectral properties of the frontoparietal network during STM or WM processes in ASD, although certain neural frequencies have been linked to specific neural mechanisms. METHODS We analysed magnetoencephalographic data from 39 control adults (26 males; 27.15 ± 5.91 years old) and 40 adults with ASD (26 males; 27.17 ± 6.27 years old) during a 1-back condition (STM) of an n-back task, and from a subset of this sample during a 2-back condition (WM). We performed seed-based connectivity analyses using regions of the frontoparietal network. Interregional synchrony in theta, alpha, and beta bands was assessed with the phase difference derivative and compared between groups during periods of maintenance and recognition. RESULTS During maintenance of newly presented vs. repeated stimuli, the two groups did not differ significantly in theta, alpha, or beta phase synchrony for either condition. Adults with ASD showed alpha-band synchrony in a network containing the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral inferior parietal lobules (IPL), and precuneus in both 1- and 2-back tasks, whereas controls demonstrated alpha-band synchrony in a sparser set of regions, including the left insula and IPL, in only the 1-back task. During recognition of repeated vs. newly presented stimuli, adults with ASD exhibited decreased theta-band connectivity compared to controls in a network with hubs in the right inferior frontal gyrus and left IPL in the 1-back condition. Whilst there were no group differences in connectivity in the 2-back condition, adults with ASD showed no frontoparietal network recruitment during recognition, whilst controls activated networks in the theta and beta bands. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that since adults with ASD performed well on the n-back task, their appropriate, but effortful recruitment of alpha-band mechanisms in the frontoparietal network to maintain items in STM and WM may compensate for atypical modulation of this network in the theta band to recognise previously presented items in STM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Yuk
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charline Urbain
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences and ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Measurement and Modulation of Working Memory-Related Oscillatory Abnormalities. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:1076-1081. [PMID: 31358081 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the critical role of working memory (WM) in neuropsychiatric conditions, there remains a dearth of available WM-targeted interventions. Gamma and theta oscillations as measured with electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) reflect the neural underpinnings of WM. The WM processes that fluctuate in conjunction with WM demands are closely correlated with WM test performance, and their EEG signatures are abnormal in several clinical populations. Novel interventions such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been shown to modulate these oscillations and subsequently improve WM performance and clinical symptoms. Systematically identifying pathological WM-related gamma/theta oscillatory patterns with EEG/MEG and developing ways to target them with interventions such as TMS is an active area of clinical research. Results hold promise for enhancing the outcomes of our patients with WM deficits and for moving the field of clinical neuropsychology towards a mechanism-based approach.
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20
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Maharaj S, Lees T, Lal S. Negative Mental States and Their Association to the Cognitive Function of Nurses. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Nurses’ inherently stressful occupation leaves them at a higher risk of developing negative mental states (stress, anxiety, and depression). However, research examining the effect of negative mental states on these health professionals’ cognitive performance is sparse. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the link between negative mental states and cognitive performance in nurses ( n = 53). Negative mental state data was obtained using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, brain activity was measured using electroencephalography, and finally, cognitive performance was assessed using the Cognistat and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Significant negative correlations ( p < .05) were observed between anxiety and attention, and all three negative mental states and memory performance. Electroencephalographic changes indicated that increases in anxiety were significantly associated ( p < .05) with decreases in gamma reactivity at fronto-central sites. The current study suggests that higher levels of negative mental states are associated with domain-specific cognitive impairments, and variations in gamma reactivity; possibly reflecting less optimal cortical functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamona Maharaj
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ty Lees
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara Lal
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Martínez JF, Trujillo C, Arévalo A, Ibáñez A, Cardona JF. Assessment of Conjunctive Binding in Aging: A Promising Approach for Alzheimer’s Disease Detection. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 69:71-81. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-181154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Analía Arévalo
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR), Sydney, Australia
| | - Juan F. Cardona
- Instituto de Psicología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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22
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He B, Astolfi L, Valdés-Sosa PA, Marinazzo D, Palva SO, Bénar CG, Michel CM, Koenig T. Electrophysiological Brain Connectivity: Theory and Implementation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:10.1109/TBME.2019.2913928. [PMID: 31071012 PMCID: PMC6834897 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2913928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We review the theory and algorithms of electrophysiological brain connectivity analysis. This tutorial is aimed at providing an introduction to brain functional connectivity from electrophysiological signals, including electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), electrocorticography (ECoG), stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Various connectivity estimators are discussed, and algorithms introduced. Important issues for estimating and mapping brain functional connectivity with electrophysiology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Laura Astolfi
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, University of Rome Sapienza, and with IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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23
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Kumari E, Shang Y, Cheng Z, Zhang T. U1 snRNA over-expression affects neural oscillations and short-term memory deficits in mice. Cogn Neurodyn 2019; 13:313-323. [PMID: 31354878 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-019-09528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and other RNA spliceosomal components are involved in neurological and psychiatric disorders. U1 snRNA has recently been demonstrated to be altered in pathology in some neurodegenerative diseases, but whether it has a causative role is not clear. Here we have studied this by overexpressing U1 snRNA in mice and measured their hippocampal oscillatory patterns and brain functions. Novel object recognition test showed that the recognition index was significantly decreased in the U1 snRNA over-expression mice compared to that in the C57BL mice. U1 snRNA over-expression regulated not only the pattern of neural oscillations but also the expression of neuron excitatory and inhibitory proteins. Here we show that U1 snRNA over-expression contains the shrinkage distribution of theta-power, theta-phase lock synchronization, and theta and low-gamma cross-frequency coupling in the hippocampus. The alternations of neuron receptors by the U1 snRNA overexpression also modulated the decreasing of recognition index, the energy distribution of theta power spectrum with the reductions of theta phase synchronization and phase-amplitude coupling between theta and low-gamma. Linking these all together, our results suggest that U1 snRNA overexpression particularly causes a deficit in short-term memory. These findings make a bedrock of our research that U1 snRNA bridges the gap about the mechanism behind short-term memory based on the molecular and mesoscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Kumari
- 1College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Shang
- 1College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- 1College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,2State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- 1College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China
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24
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Kitchigina VF. Alterations of Coherent Theta and Gamma Network Oscillations as an Early Biomarker of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Integr Neurosci 2018; 12:36. [PMID: 30210311 PMCID: PMC6119809 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are the most common forms of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the loss of cells and progressive irreversible alteration of cognitive functions, such as attention and memory. AD may be an important cause of epilepsy in the elderly. Early diagnosis of diseases is very important for their successful treatment. Many efforts have been done for defining new biomarkers of these diseases. Significant advances have been made in the searching of some AD and TLE reliable biomarkers, including cerebrospinal fluid and plasma measurements and glucose positron emission tomography. However, there is a great need for the biomarkers that would reflect changes of brain activity within few milliseconds to obtain information about cognitive disturbances. Successful early detection of AD and TLE requires specific biomarkers capable of distinguishing individuals with the progressing disease from ones with other pathologies that affect cognition. In this article, we review recent evidence suggesting that magnetoencephalographic recordings and coherent analysis coupled with behavioral evaluation can be a promising approach to an early detection of AD and TLE. Highlights -Data reviewed include the results of clinical and experimental studies.-Theta and gamma rhythms are disturbed in epilepsy and AD.-Common and different behavioral and oscillatory features of pathologies are compared.-Coherent analysis can be useful for an early diagnostics of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina F Kitchigina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Pushchino, Russia
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25
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Wang RWY, Chen YC, Liu IN, Chuang SW. Temporal and spectral EEG dynamics can be indicators of stealth placement. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9117. [PMID: 29904124 PMCID: PMC6002479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stealth placement marketing, where consumers are unaware that they are being marketed to, attempts to reduce the audiences' resistance to traditional persuasive advertising. It is a form of advertising that involves targeted exposure of brands or products incorporated in other works, usually with or without explicit reference to the brands or products. Brand placement can be presented in different visual and auditory forms in video programs. The present study proposed that different 'representations' (i.e., representable or non-representable) and 'sounds' (i.e., speech or musical sound) of brand placement can affect the viewers' perception of the brand. Event-related potential results indicated significant differences in P1, N1, P2, N270, and P3. Further, event-related spectral perturbation results indicated significant differences in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma (30-100 Hz), in the right parietal, right occipital area, and limbic lobe. 'Non-representable' or 'speech sound' brand placement induced significant temporal and spectral EEG dynamics in viewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina W Y Wang
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL), National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan.
- The Department of Industrial and Commercial Design, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chung Chen
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL), National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
- The Department of Industrial and Commercial Design, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ning Liu
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL), National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
- The Department of Industrial and Commercial Design, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wen Chuang
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL), National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Tseng P, Iu KC, Juan CH. The critical role of phase difference in theta oscillation between bilateral parietal cortices for visuospatial working memory. Sci Rep 2018; 8:349. [PMID: 29321584 PMCID: PMC5762658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual working memory (VWM) refers to people's ability to maintain and manipulate visual information on line. Its capacity varies between individuals, and neuroimaging studies have suggested a link between one's VWM capacity and theta power in the parietal cortex. However, it is unclear how the parietal cortices communicate with each other in order to support VWM processing. In two experiments we employed transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS) to use frequency-specific (6 Hz) alternating current to modulate theta oscillation between the left and right parietal cortex with either in-phase (0° difference, Exp 1), anti-phase (180° difference, Exp 2), or sham sinusoidal current stimulation. In Experiment 1, in-phase theta tACS induced an improved VWM performance, but only in low-performers, whereas high-performers suffered a marginally-significant VWM impairment. In Experiment 2, anti-phase theta tACS did not help the low-performers, but significantly impaired high-performers' VWM capacity. These results not only provide causal evidence for theta oscillation in VWM processing, they also highlight the intricate interaction between tACS and individual differences-where the same protocol that enhances low-performers' VWM can backfire for the high-performers. We propose that signal complexity via coherent timing and phase synchronization within the bilateral parietal network is crucial for successful VWM functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- TMU - Research Center of Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Chi Iu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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27
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Malinowska U, Boatman-Reich D. Cross-frequency coupling during auditory perception in human cortex. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:5521-5524. [PMID: 28269508 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cross-frequency coupling plays an important role in coordinating neuronal computations underlying human perception, learning and memory. Here we compared four methods for measuring phase/amplitude coupling (PAC) of theta (4-7 Hz) and high-gamma (70-150 Hz) in intracranial electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings. Time-frequency spectral and time-domain evoked responses were derived for comparison. All four methods showed significant increases in theta/high-gamma PAC in auditory cortex at sites where significant event-related increases in high-gamma power were also observed. Similarly, all PAC methods revealed stimulus effects (type, probability). However, the patterns of PAC increases differed across methods. Results suggest that PAC measures may be differentially sensitive to the underlying neural activity, including high-gamma amplitude, phase locking, and response timing.
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28
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Ribary U, Doesburg SM, Ward LM. Unified principles of thalamo-cortical processing: the neural switch. Biomed Eng Lett 2017; 7:229-235. [PMID: 30603170 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-017-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that cross-frequency interactions may play an important role in local processing within thalamus and neocortex, as well as information transfer between subcortical and cortico-cortical brain regions. Strong commonalities in rhythmic network properties have been observed across recording techniques and task demands, but strong neuroscientific theories to situate such observations within a unified framework with direct relevance to explain neuropathologies remain scarce. Based on a comprehensive review of animal and human literature, we probe and introduce a neurophysiological framework to explain how coordinated cross-frequency and interregional oscillatory cortical dynamics underlie typical and atypical brain activation, and the formation of distributed functional ensembles supporting cortical networks underpinning perception and cognition. We propose that local regional activation by an external stimulus via a sensory pathway entails (1) attenuated alpha (8-14 Hz) and increased theta (4-8 Hz) and gamma (30-50 Hz) oscillatory activity, and (2) increased interactions among theta and gamma rhythms. These local dynamics also mediate the integration of activated neural populations into large-scale functional assemblies through neuronal synchronization. This comprehensive perspective into the animal and human literature indicates a further thinking beyond synchrony and connectivity and the readiness for more hypothesis-driven research and modeling toward unified principles of thalamo-cortical processing. We further introduced such a possible framework: "The ATG switch". We also discussed evidence that alpha-theta-gamma dynamics emerging from thalamocortical interactions may be implicated and disrupted in numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Ribary
- 1Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, Canada.,Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), Burnaby, Canada.,3University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada.,4Child & Family Research Institute (CFRI), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,5BC LEEF Leadership Chair, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University (SFU), 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - S M Doesburg
- 1Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, Canada.,Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), Burnaby, Canada
| | - L M Ward
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), Burnaby, Canada.,3University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
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Havlík M. Missing piece of the puzzle in the science of consciousness: Resting state and endogenous correlates of consciousness. Conscious Cogn 2017; 49:70-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ma X, Huang X, Ge Y, Hu Y, Chen W, Liu A, Liu H, Chen Y, Li B, Ning X. Brain Connectivity Variation Topography Associated with Working Memory. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165168. [PMID: 27930672 PMCID: PMC5145145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain connectivity analysis plays an essential role in the research of working memory that involves complex coordination of various brain regions. In this research, we present a comprehensive view of trans-states brain connectivity variation based on continuous scalp EEG, extending beyond traditional stimuli-lock averaging or restriction to short time scales of hundreds of milliseconds after stimulus onset. The scalp EEG was collected under three conditions: quiet, memory, and control. The only difference between the memory and control conditions was that in the memory condition, subjects made an effort to retain information. We started our investigation with calibrations of Pearson correlation in EEG analysis and then derived two indices, link strength and node connectivity, to make comparisons between different states. Finally, we constructed and studied trans-state brain connectivity variation topography. Comparing memory and control states with quiet state, we found that the beta topography highlights links between T5/T6 and O1/O2, which represents the visual ventral stream, and the gamma topography conveys strengthening of inter-hemisphere links and weakening of intra-hemisphere frontal-posterior links, implying parallel inter-hemisphere coordination combined with sequential intra-hemisphere coordination when subjects are confronted with visual stimuli and a motor task. For comparison between memory and control states, we also found that the node connectivity of T6 stands out in gamma topography, which provides strong proof from scalp EEG for the information binding or relational processing function of the temporal lobe in memory formation. To our knowledge, this is the first time for any method to effectively capture brain connectivity variation associated with working memory from a relatively large scale both in time (from a second to a minute) and in space (from the scalp). The method can track brain activity continuously with minimal manual interruptions; therefore, it has promising potential in applications such as brain computer interfaces and brain training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ma
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Yun Ge
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yueming Hu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aili Liu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinbao Ning
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Scheffer-Teixeira R, Tort AB. On cross-frequency phase-phase coupling between theta and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27925581 PMCID: PMC5199196 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase-amplitude coupling between theta and multiple gamma sub-bands is a hallmark of hippocampal activity and believed to take part in information routing. More recently, theta and gamma oscillations were also reported to exhibit phase-phase coupling, or n:m phase-locking, suggesting an important mechanism of neuronal coding that has long received theoretical support. However, by analyzing simulated and actual LFPs, here we question the existence of theta-gamma phase-phase coupling in the rat hippocampus. We show that the quasi-linear phase shifts introduced by filtering lead to spurious coupling levels in both white noise and hippocampal LFPs, which highly depend on epoch length, and that significant coupling may be falsely detected when employing improper surrogate methods. We also show that waveform asymmetry and frequency harmonics may generate artifactual n:m phase-locking. Studies investigating phase-phase coupling should rely on appropriate statistical controls and be aware of confounding factors; otherwise, they could easily fall into analysis pitfalls. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20515.001 Neuroscientists have long sought to understand how the brain works by analyzing its electrical activity. Placing electrodes on the scalp or lowering them into the brain itself reveals rhythmic waves of activity known as oscillations. These arise when large numbers of neurons fire in synchrony. Recordings reveal that the frequency of these oscillations – the number of cycles of a wave per second, measured in Hertz – can vary between brain regions, and within a single region over time. Moreover, oscillations with different frequencies can co-exist and interact with one another. Within the hippocampus, an area of the brain involved in memory, two types of oscillations dominate: theta waves and gamma waves. Theta waves are relatively slow waves, with a frequency between 5 and 10 Hertz. Gamma waves are faster, with a frequency of up to 100 Hertz. Recent work has suggested that gamma waves and theta waves show a phenomenon called phase-phase coupling. Since gamma waves are faster than theta waves, multiple cycles of gamma can occur during a single cycle of theta. Phase-phase coupling is the idea that gamma and theta waves align themselves, such that gamma waves always begin at the same relative position within a theta wave. This was thought to help the hippocampus to encode memories. Using computer simulations and recordings from the rat hippocampus, Scheffer-Teixeira and Tort have now reexamined the evidence for theta-gamma phase-phase coupling. The new results suggest that previous reports describing the phenomenon may have relied on inadequate statistical techniques. Using stringent control analyses, Scheffer-Teixeira and Tort find no evidence for prominent theta-gamma phase-phase coupling in the hippocampus. Instead, the simulations suggest that what appeared to be statistically significant coupling may in reality be an artifact of the previous analysis. Phase-phase coupling of theta and gamma waves has also been reported in the human hippocampus. The next step therefore is to apply these more robust analysis techniques to data from the human brain. While revisiting previously accepted findings may not always be popular, it will likely be essential if neuroscientists want to accurately understand how new memories are formed. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20515.002
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Bl Tort
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Yang CY, Lin CP. Magnetoencephalography study of different relationships among low- and high-frequency-band neural activities during the induction of peaceful and fearful audiovisual modalities among males and females. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:176-188. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Ming-Chuan University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
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Tseng P, Chang YT, Chang CF, Liang WK, Juan CH. The critical role of phase difference in gamma oscillation within the temporoparietal network for binding visual working memory. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32138. [PMID: 27573864 PMCID: PMC5004173 DOI: 10.1038/srep32138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
How does the brain enable us to remember two or more object representations in visual working memory (VWM) without confusing them? This "gluing" process, or feature binding, refers to the ability to join certain features together while keeping them segregated from others. Recent neuroimaging research has reported higher BOLD response in the left temporal and parietal cortex during a binding-VWM task. However, less is known about how the two regions work in synchrony to support such process. In this study, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the left temporal and parietal cortex in gamma and theta frequency, with a phase difference of either 0° (in-phase) or 180° (anti-phase) to account for the different ways through which neural synchronization may occur. We found no facilitatory or inhibitory effect from sham, theta, and in-phase gamma stimulation. Importantly, there was an enhancement effect from anti-phase gamma tACS that was binding-specific, and such effect was only apparent in low-performing individuals who had room for improvement. Together, these results demonstrate that binding-VWM is supported by a temporally-precise oscillatory mechanism within the gamma frequency range, and that the advantageous 180°-apart phase relationship also implies a possible temporal driver-to-receiver time-lag between the temporal and parietal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- Brain & Consciousness Research Center, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Brain & Consciousness Research Center, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fu Chang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuang Liang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taiwan
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Hyafil A, Giraud AL, Fontolan L, Gutkin B. Neural Cross-Frequency Coupling: Connecting Architectures, Mechanisms, and Functions. Trends Neurosci 2016; 38:725-740. [PMID: 26549886 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural oscillations are ubiquitously observed in the mammalian brain, but it has proven difficult to tie oscillatory patterns to specific cognitive operations. Notably, the coupling between neural oscillations at different timescales has recently received much attention, both from experimentalists and theoreticians. We review the mechanisms underlying various forms of this cross-frequency coupling. We show that different types of neural oscillators and cross-frequency interactions yield distinct signatures in neural dynamics. Finally, we associate these mechanisms with several putative functions of cross-frequency coupling, including neural representations of multiple environmental items, communication over distant areas, internal clocking of neural processes, and modulation of neural processing based on temporal predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Hyafil
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Theoretical and Computational Neuroscience, Roc Boronat 138, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu and Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anne-Lise Giraud
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9 chemin des Mines, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Fontolan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9 chemin des Mines, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Boris Gutkin
- Group for Neural Theory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 960, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya Street 20, Moscow 101000, Russia
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Differential responsiveness of the right parahippocampal region to electrical stimulation in fixed human brains: Implications for historical surgical stimulation studies? Epilepsy Behav 2016; 60:181-186. [PMID: 27208828 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
If structure dictates function within the living human brain, then the persistence of specific responses to weak electric currents in fixed, deceased brains could reflect "hardwired" properties. Different key structures from the left and right hemispheres of brains that had been fixed for over 20years with ethanol-formalin-acetic acid were stimulated with either 1-Hz, 7-Hz, 10-Hz, 20-Hz, or 30-Hz, sine-wave, square-wave, or pulsed currents while needle-recorded quantitative electroencephalographic responses were obtained. Differential responses occurred only within the right hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. The right hippocampus displayed frequency-independent increases in gamma power relative to the left hemispheric homologue. The parahippocampal region responded exclusively to 7-Hz pulsed currents with wideband (8-30Hz) power. These profiles are consistent with dynamic connections associated with memory and consciousness and may partially explain the interactions resultant of pulse type and hemisphere for experiential elicitations during the golden age of surgical stimulations. The results also indicate that there may be an essential "hardwiring" within the human brain that is maintained for decades when it is fixed appropriately.
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Zarcone A, van Schijndel M, Vogels J, Demberg V. Salience and Attention in Surprisal-Based Accounts of Language Processing. Front Psychol 2016; 7:844. [PMID: 27375525 PMCID: PMC4894064 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of salience has been singled out as the explanatory factor for a diverse range of linguistic phenomena. In particular, perceptual salience (e.g., visual salience of objects in the world, acoustic prominence of linguistic sounds) and semantic-pragmatic salience (e.g., prominence of recently mentioned or topical referents) have been shown to influence language comprehension and production. A different line of research has sought to account for behavioral correlates of cognitive load during comprehension as well as for certain patterns in language usage using information-theoretic notions, such as surprisal. Surprisal and salience both affect language processing at different levels, but the relationship between the two has not been adequately elucidated, and the question of whether salience can be reduced to surprisal / predictability is still open. Our review identifies two main challenges in addressing this question: terminological inconsistency and lack of integration between high and low levels of representations in salience-based accounts and surprisal-based accounts. We capitalize upon work in visual cognition in order to orient ourselves in surveying the different facets of the notion of salience in linguistics and their relation with models of surprisal. We find that work on salience highlights aspects of linguistic communication that models of surprisal tend to overlook, namely the role of attention and relevance to current goals, and we argue that the Predictive Coding framework provides a unified view which can account for the role played by attention and predictability at different levels of processing and which can clarify the interplay between low and high levels of processes and between predictability-driven expectation and attention-driven focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zarcone
- Computational Linguistics and Phonetics, Universität des Saarlandes Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Jorrig Vogels
- Computational Linguistics and Phonetics, Universität des Saarlandes Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Vera Demberg
- Computational Linguistics and Phonetics, Universität des Saarlandes Saarbrücken, Germany
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Sauseng P, Conci M, Wild B, Geyer T. Predictive coding in visual search as revealed by cross-frequency EEG phase synchronization. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1655. [PMID: 26579038 PMCID: PMC4623391 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sauseng
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich Germany
| | - Markus Conci
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich Germany
| | - Benedict Wild
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Geyer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich Germany
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38
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Lewis AG, Wang L, Bastiaansen M. Fast oscillatory dynamics during language comprehension: Unification versus maintenance and prediction? BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 148:51-63. [PMID: 25666170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of neuronal oscillations during language comprehension is not yet well understood. In this paper we review and reinterpret the functional roles of beta- and gamma-band oscillatory activity during language comprehension at the sentence and discourse level. We discuss the evidence in favor of a role for beta and gamma in unification (the unification hypothesis), and in light of mounting evidence that cannot be accounted for under this hypothesis, we explore an alternative proposal linking beta and gamma oscillations to maintenance and prediction (respectively) during language comprehension. Our maintenance/prediction hypothesis is able to account for most of the findings that are currently available relating beta and gamma oscillations to language comprehension, and is in good agreement with other proposals about the roles of beta and gamma in domain-general cognitive processing. In conclusion we discuss proposals for further testing and comparing the prediction and unification hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Glen Lewis
- Neurobiology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marcel Bastiaansen
- Neurobiology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Academy for Leisure, NHTV University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands.
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Dias NS, Ferreira D, Reis J, Jacinto LR, Fernandes L, Pinho F, Festa J, Pereira M, Afonso N, Santos NC, Cerqueira JJ, Sousa N. Age effects on EEG correlates of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Physiol Rep 2015. [PMID: 26216431 PMCID: PMC4552514 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Body and brain undergo several changes with aging. One of the domains in which these changes are more remarkable relates with cognitive performance. In the present work, electroencephalogram (EEG) markers (power spectral density and spectral coherence) of age-related cognitive decline were sought whilst the subjects performed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Considering the expected age-related cognitive deficits, WCST was applied to young, mid-age and elderly participants, and the theta and alpha frequency bands were analyzed. From the results herein presented, higher theta and alpha power were found to be associated with a good performance in the WCST of younger subjects. Additionally, higher theta and alpha coherence were also associated with good performance and were shown to decline with age and a decrease in alpha peak frequency seems to be associated with aging. Additionally, inter-hemispheric long-range coherences and parietal theta power were identified as age-independent EEG correlates of cognitive performance. In summary, these data reveals age-dependent as well as age-independent EEG correlates of cognitive performance that contribute to the understanding of brain aging and related cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno S Dias
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal DIGARC Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ferreira
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Reis
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luís R Jacinto
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luís Fernandes
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Francisco Pinho
- Department of Industrial Electronics, School of Engineering University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Festa
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mariana Pereira
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Afonso
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nadine C Santos
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - João J Cerqueira
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal Clinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Wang J, Gao D, Li D, Desroches AS, Liu L, Li X. Theta–gamma coupling reflects the interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes in speech perception in children. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:637-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Lee YY, Yang CY. Utilizing the extent of theta-gamma synchronization to estimate visuospatial memory ability. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2014; 37:665-72. [PMID: 25217964 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-014-0299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of human memory declines due to normal aging and cognitive diseases, which means that everyone will eventually be affected by this problem. Fortunately, memory ability can be improved by training, and early detection and treatment can even actively prevent serious memory loss. Based on this principle, we aimed to identify a method for estimating the memory ability in order to slow the progression of memory loss. Numerous studies have found that coupling between the theta and gamma bands (also referred to as theta-gamma synchronization) reflect memory processes, with this being more pronounced when maintaining working memory. This study measured the extent of theta-gamma synchronization, and used a wavelet transform to observe the activity in the theta and gamma bands during a visuospatial memory task. The findings showed that there was a pronounced change during the encoding and retrieval phases of a working-memory task, and a significant correlation between the rate of correct responses and the synchronization index in the parietal brain area. We propose that the extent of theta-gamma synchronization can be used to estimate the working-memory ability. The further application of theta-gamma synchronization in both clinical and home situations may be expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming-Chuan University, 5 De Ming Rd., Gui Shan, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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43
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Machado DDCD, Lima GC, Souza Dos Santos R, Ramos AJB, Menezes de Sousa CC, Moreira Dos Santos RP, Coelho KKO, Cagy M, Orsini M, Bastos VH. Comparative analysis electroencephalographic of alpha, Beta and gamma bands of a healthy individual and one with hemiparesis. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:801-4. [PMID: 25013270 PMCID: PMC4085195 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The study analyzed the electroencephalographic (EEG) data of the central
cortical areas, during execution of the motor gestures of feeding, activation of the
system of mirror neurons, and imagery between a right hemiparetic volunteer (RHV) and a
healthy volunteer (HV). [Subjects and Methods] The volunteers’ EEG data were recorded with
their eyes open for 4 minutes while they performed five experimental tasks. [Results] The
alpha band, absolute power value of HV was lower than that of RHV. In the beta band,
during the practice condition, there was an increase in the magnitude of the absolute
power value of HV at T3, possibly because T3 is representative of secondary motor areas
that work with cortical neurons related to planning and organizing sequence of movements
performed by the hands. The gamma band is related to the state of preparation for movement
and memory. The results of this study indicate that there was increased activation of the
gamma frequency band of HV. [Conclusion] The findings of this study have revealed the
changes in pattern characteristics of each band which may be associated with the brain
injury of the hemiparetic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionis de Castro Dutra Machado
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil ; Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory (LAMCEF), Federal University of Piauí, Brazil ; Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Glenda Crispim Lima
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil ; Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory (LAMCEF), Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil ; Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory (LAMCEF), Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | - Amanda Júlia Bezerra Ramos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil ; Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory (LAMCEF), Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | - Cáio César Menezes de Sousa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil ; Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory (LAMCEF), Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Karyna Kelly Oliveira Coelho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil ; Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory (LAMCEF), Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Marco Orsini
- Master Program of the Rehabilitation Science, UNISUAM, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil ; Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory (LAMCEF), Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
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44
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Duan F, Watanabe K, Yoshimura Y, Kikuchi M, Minabe Y, Aihara K. Relationship between brain network pattern and cognitive performance of children revealed by MEG signals during free viewing of video. Brain Cogn 2014; 86:10-6. [PMID: 24525012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Application of graph theory to analysis of functional networks in the brain is an important research trend. Extensive research on the resting state has shown a "small-world" organization of the brain network as a whole. However, the small-worldness of children's brain networks in a working state has not yet been well characterized. In this paper, we used a custom-made, child-sized magnetoencephalography (MEG) device to collect data from children while they were watching cartoon videos. Network structures were analyzed and compared with scores on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). The results of network analysis showed that (1) the small-world scalar showed a negative correlation with the simultaneous processing raw score, a measure of visual processing (Gv) ability, and (2) the children with higher simultaneous processing raw scores possessed network structures that can be more efficient for local information processing than children with lower scores. These results were compatible with previous studies on the adult working state. Additional results obtained from further analysis of the frontal and occipital lobes indicated that high cognitive performance could represent better local efficiency in task-related sub-networks. Under free viewing of cartoon videos, brain networks were no longer confined to their strongest small-world states; connections became clustered in local areas such as the frontal and occipital lobes, which might be a more useful configuration for handling visual processing tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Duan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Watanabe
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshio Minabe
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Aihara
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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45
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Frontal theta activity reflects distinct aspects of mental fatigue. Biol Psychol 2014; 96:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Roux F, Uhlhaas PJ. Working memory and neural oscillations: α-γ versus θ-γ codes for distinct WM information? Trends Cogn Sci 2013; 18:16-25. [PMID: 24268290 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural oscillations at different frequencies have recently been related to a wide range of basic and higher cognitive processes. One possible role of oscillatory activity is to assure the maintenance of information in working memory (WM). Here we review the possibility that rhythmic activity at theta, alpha, and gamma frequencies serve distinct functional roles during WM maintenance. Specifically, we propose that gamma-band oscillations are generically involved in the maintenance of WM information. By contrast, alpha-band activity reflects the active inhibition of task-irrelevant information, whereas theta-band oscillations underlie the organization of sequentially ordered WM items. Finally, we address the role of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) in enabling alpha-gamma and theta-gamma codes for distinct WM information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Roux
- BCBL, Basque Center for Cognition, Brain and Language, Paseo Mikeletegi 69, Donostia/San Sebastian, 20009, Spain
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, UK; Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, Frankfurt am Main, 60528, Germany; Ernst-Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience, in Cooperation with Max-Planck Society, Deutschordenstrasse 46, Frankfurt am Main, 60528, Germany.
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47
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Kikuchi M, Yoshimura Y, Shitamichi K, Ueno S, Hirosawa T, Munesue T, Ono Y, Tsubokawa T, Haruta Y, Oi M, Niida Y, Remijn GB, Takahashi T, Suzuki M, Higashida H, Minabe Y. A custom magnetoencephalography device reveals brain connectivity and high reading/decoding ability in children with autism. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1139. [PMID: 23355952 PMCID: PMC3555087 DOI: 10.1038/srep01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) performs more proficiently on certain visual tasks than may be predicted by their general cognitive performances. However, in younger children with ASD (aged 5 to 7), preserved ability in these tasks and the neurophysiological correlates of their ability are not well documented. In the present study, we used a custom child-sized magnetoencephalography system and demonstrated that preserved ability in the visual reasoning task was associated with rightward lateralisation of the neurophysiological connectivity between the parietal and temporal regions in children with ASD. In addition, we demonstrated that higher reading/decoding ability was also associated with the same lateralisation in children with ASD. These neurophysiological correlates of visual tasks are considerably different from those that are observed in typically developing children. These findings indicate that children with ASD have inherently different neural pathways that contribute to their relatively preserved ability in visual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
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Jacobson TK, Howe MD, Schmidt B, Hinman JR, Escabí MA, Markus EJ. Hippocampal theta, gamma, and theta-gamma coupling: effects of aging, environmental change, and cholinergic activation. J Neurophysiol 2013; 109:1852-65. [PMID: 23303862 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00409.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations coordinate the timing of multiple inputs to hippocampal neurons and have been linked to information processing and the dynamics of encoding and retrieval. One major influence on hippocampal rhythmicity is from cholinergic afferents. In both humans and rodents, aging is linked to impairments in hippocampus-dependent function along with degradation of cholinergic function. Cholinomimetics can reverse some age-related memory impairments and modulate oscillations in the hippocampus. Therefore, one would expect corresponding changes in these oscillations and possible rescue with the cholinomimetic physostigmine. Hippocampal activity was recorded while animals explored a familiar or a novel maze configuration. Reexposure to a familiar situation resulted in minimal aging effects or changes in theta or gamma oscillations. In contrast, exploration of a novel maze configuration increased theta power; this was greater in adult than old animals, although the deficit was reversed with physostigmine. In contrast to the theta results, the effects of novelty, age, and/or physostigmine on gamma were relatively weak. Unrelated to the behavioral situation were an age-related decrease in the degree of theta-gamma coupling and the fact that physostigmine lowered the frequency of theta in both adult and old animals. The results indicate that age-related changes in gamma and theta modulation of gamma, while reflecting aging changes in hippocampal circuitry, seem less related to aging changes in information processing. In contrast, the data support a role for theta and the cholinergic system in encoding and that hippocampal aging is related to impaired encoding of new information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara K Jacobson
- Dept. of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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49
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Yin J, Gao Z, Jin X, Ding X, Liang J, Shen M. The neural mechanisms of percept-memory comparison in visual working memory. Biol Psychol 2012; 90:71-9. [PMID: 22410263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have revealed that comparing the perceptual input with the representations stored in visual working memory initiates a rapid attention-shift, which is predominantly triggered by the relevant-feature change. The comprehension of the change contents further necessitates a follow-up comparison that contrasts all the object features regardless of the task relevancy. However, whether such a distinct stage exists and how the process is carried on need further verification. We explored this issue by investigating the underlying neural mechanisms of the percept-memory comparison. By recording EEG, we found that both the task-relevant and -irrelevant feature changes elicited significantly more negative anterior N2 waves (230-340ms) rooting in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and meanwhile activated the frontal theta (5-8Hz, 250-550ms). These results suggest that a distinct comparison stage does exist, which is supported by the anterior N2, ACC and frontal theta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, PR China
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50
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Theta power as a marker for cognitive interference. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:2185-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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