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Verdade A, Sousa T, Castelhano J, Castelo-Branco M. Positive hysteresis in emotion recognition: Face processing visual regions are involved in perceptual persistence, which mediates interactions between anterior insula and medial prefrontal cortex. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1275-1289. [PMID: 35857280 PMCID: PMC9622546 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Facial emotion perception can be studied from the point of view of dynamic systems whose output may depend not only on current input but also on prior history - a phenomenon known as hysteresis. In cognitive neuroscience, hysteresis has been described as positive (perceptual persistence) or negative (fatigue of current percept) depending on whether perceptual switching occurs later or earlier than actual physical stimulus changes. However, its neural correlates remain elusive. We used dynamic transitions between emotional expressions and combined behavioral assessment with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the underlying circuitry of perceptual hysteresis in facial emotion recognition. Our findings revealed the involvement of face-selective visual areas - fusiform face area (FFA) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) - in perceptual persistence as well as the right anterior insula. Moreover, functional connectivity analyses revealed an interplay between the right anterior insula and medial prefrontal cortex, which showed to be dependent on the presence of positive hysteresis. Our results support the hypothesis that high-order regions are involved in perceptual stabilization and decision during perceptual persistence (positive hysteresis) and add evidence to the role of the anterior insula as a hub of sensory information in perceptual decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Verdade
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Castelhano
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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2
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Predicting motor and cognitive outcomes from MRIs of brain structure in children with acquired brain injury: A pilot study. Pediatr Neonatol 2022; 64:297-305. [PMID: 36456422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) describes a range of brain injuries occurring after birth, including tumor, traumatic brain injury or stroke. Although MRIs are routinely used for diagnosis, prediction of outcome following brain injury is challenging. Quantitative structural information from brain images may provide an opportunity to predict patient outcomes; however, due to the high prevalence of severe pathology in children with ABI, quantitative approaches must be robust to injury severity. METHODS In this pilot cross-sectional study, automated quantitative measures were extracted from the MRIs of a cohort of children with ABI (n = 30, 8-16 years, follow up MRI taken 1.8-13.4 years after time of injury) as well as 36 typically developing controls with no brain injury (7-17 years) using a pathology-robust technique. Measures of brain volume, lesion volume and cortical morphology were associated with concurrent motor, behavioral, visual and communicative function using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. RESULTS These regression models were validated on a separate test set (n = 8 of the ABI cohort), which revealed significant correlations between measures of brain structure with motor, cognitive, visual and communicative function (r = 0.65-0.85, all p < 0.01). Furthermore, comparisons of the structural measures to the typically developing cohort revealed overall reductions in global grey matter volume among the ABI cohort, as well as cortical thinning in several cortical areas. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary associations reveal that motor and behavioral function can be estimated from MRI alone, highlighting the potential utility of the proposed pathology-robust MRI quantification tools to provide estimates of long-term clinical prognosis of children with ABI following injury.
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Hendriks MHA, Dillen C, Vettori S, Vercammen L, Daniels N, Steyaert J, Op de Beeck H, Boets B. Neural processing of facial identity and expression in adults with and without autism: A multi-method approach. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 29:102520. [PMID: 33338966 PMCID: PMC7750419 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to recognize faces and facial expressions is a common human talent. It has, however, been suggested to be impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The goal of this study was to compare the processing of facial identity and emotion between individuals with ASD and neurotypicals (NTs). Behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 46 young adults (aged 17-23 years, NASD = 22, NNT = 24) was analysed. During fMRI data acquisition, participants discriminated between short clips of a face transitioning from a neutral to an emotional expression. Stimuli included four identities and six emotions. We performed behavioural, univariate, multi-voxel, adaptation and functional connectivity analyses to investigate potential group differences. The ASD-group did not differ from the NT-group on behavioural identity and expression processing tasks. At the neural level, we found no differences in average neural activation, neural activation patterns and neural adaptation to faces in face-related brain regions. In terms of functional connectivity, we found that amygdala seems to be more strongly connected to inferior occipital cortex and V1 in individuals with ASD. Overall, the findings indicate that neural representations of facial identity and expression have a similar quality in individuals with and without ASD, but some regions containing these representations are connected differently in the extended face processing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H A Hendriks
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 - bus 3714, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Autism Research Consortium, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claudia Dillen
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 - bus 3714, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Autism Research Consortium, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vettori
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok h - bus 7001, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Autism Research Consortium, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Vercammen
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 - bus 3714, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicky Daniels
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 - bus 3714, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok h - bus 7001, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Autism Research Consortium, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean Steyaert
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok h - bus 7001, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Autism Research Consortium, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Op de Beeck
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 - bus 3714, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Boets
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok h - bus 7001, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Autism Research Consortium, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Pegado F, Hendriks MH, Amelynck S, Daniels N, Steyaert J, Boets B, Op de Beeck H. Adults with high functioning autism display idiosyncratic behavioral patterns, neural representations and connectivity of the ‘Voice Area’ while judging the appropriateness of emotional vocal reactions. Cortex 2020; 125:90-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pillet I, Op de Beeck H, Lee Masson H. A Comparison of Functional Networks Derived From Representational Similarity, Functional Connectivity, and Univariate Analyses. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1348. [PMID: 31969801 PMCID: PMC6960203 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The invention of representational similarity analysis [RSA, following multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA)] has allowed cognitive neuroscientists to identify the representational structure of multiple brain regions, moving beyond functional localization. By comparing these structures, cognitive neuroscientists can characterize how brain areas form functional networks. Univariate analysis (UNIVAR) and functional connectivity analysis (FCA) are two other popular methods to identify functional networks. Despite their popularity, few studies have examined the relationship between networks from RSA with those from UNIVAR and FCA. Thus, the aim of the current study is to examine the similarities between neural networks derived from RSA with those from UNIVAR and FCA to explore how these methods relate to each other. We analyzed the data of a previously published study with the three methods and compared the results by performing (partial) correlation and multiple regression analysis. Our findings reveal that neural networks resulting from RSA, UNIVAR, and FCA methods are highly similar to each other even after ruling out the effect of anatomical proximity between the network nodes. Nevertheless, the neural network from each method shows unique organization that cannot be explained by any of the other methods. Thus, we conclude that the RSA, UNIVAR and FCA methods provide similar but not identical information on how brain regions are organized in functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haemy Lee Masson
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Department of Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Hu Z, Lam KF, Xiang YT, Yuan Z. Causal Cortical Network for Arithmetic Problem-Solving Represents Brain's Planning Rather than Reasoning. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1148-1160. [PMID: 31223276 PMCID: PMC6567809 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arithmetic problem-solving whose components mainly involve the calculation, planning and reasoning, is an important mathematical skill. To date, the neural mechanism underlying arithmetic problem-solving remains unclear. In this study, a scheme that combined a novel 24 points game paradigm, conditional Granger causality analysis, and near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging technique was developed to examine the differences in brain activation and effective connectivity between the calculation, planning, and reasoning. We discovered that the performance of planning was correlated with the activation in frontal cortex, whereas the performance of reasoning showed the relationship with the activation in parietal cortex. In addition, we also discovered that the directional effective connectivity between the anterior frontal and posterior parietal cortex was more closely related to planning rather than reasoning. It is expected that this work will pave a new avenue for an improved understanding of the neural underpinnings underlying arithmetic problem-solving, which also provides a novel indicator to evaluate the efficacy of mathematical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Hu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Keng-Fong Lam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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7
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Bulthé J, Prinsen J, Vanderauwera J, Duyck S, Daniels N, Gillebert CR, Mantini D, Op de Beeck HP, De Smedt B. Multi-method brain imaging reveals impaired representations of number as well as altered connectivity in adults with dyscalculia. Neuroimage 2019; 190:289-302. [PMID: 29885484 PMCID: PMC6494208 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hypotheses have been proposed about the etiology of neurodevelopmental learning disorders, such as dyslexia and dyscalculia: representation impairments and disrupted access to representations. We implemented a multi-method brain imaging approach to directly investigate these representation and access hypotheses in dyscalculia, a highly prevalent but understudied neurodevelopmental disorder in learning to calculate. We combined several magnetic resonance imaging methods and analyses, including univariate and multivariate analyses, functional and structural connectivity. Our sample comprised 24 adults with dyscalculia and 24 carefully matched controls. Results showed a clear deficit in the non-symbolic magnitude representations in parietal, temporal and frontal regions, as well as hyper-connectivity in visual brain regions in adults with dyscalculia. Dyscalculia in adults was thereby related to both impaired number representations and altered connectivity in the brain. We conclude that dyscalculia is related to impaired number representations as well as altered access to these representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bulthé
- Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jellina Prinsen
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jolijn Vanderauwera
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Duyck
- Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Nicky Daniels
- Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Céline R Gillebert
- Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Dante Mantini
- Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK; Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium; Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Hans P Op de Beeck
- Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Bert De Smedt
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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8
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Zappasodi F, Perrucci MG, Saggino A, Croce P, Mercuri P, Romanelli R, Colom R, Ebisch SJH. EEG microstates distinguish between cognitive components of fluid reasoning. Neuroimage 2019; 189:560-573. [PMID: 30710677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid reasoning is considered central to general intelligence. How its psychometric structure relates to brain function remains poorly understood. For instance, what is the dynamic composition of ability-specific processes underlying fluid reasoning? We investigated whether distinct fluid reasoning abilities could be differentiated by electroencephalography (EEG) microstate profiles. EEG microstates specifically capture rapidly altering activity of distributed cortical networks with a high temporal resolution as scalp potential topographies that dynamically vary over time in an organized manner. EEG was recorded simultaneously with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in twenty healthy adult participants during cognitively distinct fluid reasoning tasks: induction, spatial relationships and visualization. Microstate parameters successfully discriminated between fluid reasoning and visuomotor control tasks as well as between the fluid reasoning tasks. Mainly, microstate B coverage was significantly higher during spatial relationships and visualization, compared to induction, while microstate C coverage was significantly decreased during spatial relationships and visualization, compared to induction. Additionally, microstate D coverage was highest during spatial relationships and microstate A coverage was most strongly reduced during the same condition. Consistently, multivariate analysis with a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure accurately classified the fluid reasoning tasks based on the coverage parameter. These EEG data and their correlation with fMRI data suggest that especially the tasks most strongly relying on visuospatial processing modulated visual and default mode network activity. We propose that EEG microstates can provide valuable information about neural activity patterns with a dynamic and complex temporal structure during fluid reasoning, suggesting cognitive ability-specific interplays between multiple brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zappasodi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Gianni Perrucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Aristide Saggino
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Croce
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasqua Mercuri
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Romanelli
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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9
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Di Plinio S, Ebisch SJH. Brain network profiling defines functionally specialized cortical networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4689-4706. [PMID: 30076763 PMCID: PMC6866440 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging research made rapid advances in the study of the functional architecture of the brain during the past decade. Many proposals endorsed the relevance of large-scale brain networks, defined as ensembles of brain regions that exhibit highly correlated signal fluctuations. However, analysis methods need further elaboration to define the functional and anatomical extent of specialized subsystems within classical networks with a high reliability. We present a novel approach to characterize and examine the functional proprieties of brain networks. This approach, labeled as brain network profiling (BNP), considers similarities in task-evoked activity and resting-state functional connectivity across biologically relevant brain subregions. To combine task-driven activity and functional connectivity features, principal components were extracted separately for task-related beta values and resting-state functional connectivity z-values (data available from the Human Connectome Project), from 360 brain parcels. Multiple clustering procedures were employed to assess if different clustering methods (Gaussian mixtures; k-means) and/or data structures (task and rest data; only rest data) led to improvements in the replication of the brain architecture. The results indicated that combining information from resting-state functional connectivity and task-evoked activity and using Gaussian mixtures models for clustering produces more reliable results (99% replication across data sets). Moreover, the findings revealed a high-resolution partition of the cerebral cortex in 16 networks with unique functional connectivity and/or task-evoked activity profiles. BNP potentially offers new approaches to advance the investigation of the brain functional architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Plinio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical ScienceG. d'Annunzio University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Sjoerd J. H. Ebisch
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical ScienceG. d'Annunzio University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical TechnologiesG. d'Annunzio University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
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10
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Neurobiological Mediators of Squalor-dwelling Behavior. J Psychiatr Pract 2017; 23:375-381. [PMID: 28961667 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Squalor-dwelling behavior has been characterized as living in conditions so unsanitary that feelings of revulsion are elicited among visitors. This behavior is commonly associated with an insensitivity to distress/disgust and a failure to understand the direness of one's living situation, which leads to social isolation and impairment in quality of life. Etiologically, several associations have been described in the literature, including age-related decline, lower socioeconomic status, and rural dwelling status. Primary neuropsychiatric disorders, such as psychosis, alcoholism, dementia, personality disorders, developmental delays, and learning or physical disabilities are frequently seen in squalor-dwelling individuals. However, none of these disorders seems to be necessary or sufficient to explain the behavior. Neurobiologically, squalor-dwelling behavior has been associated with frontal lobe dysfunction as evidenced by executive dysfunction; however, cognitive impairments also fail to completely explain this behavior. The purpose of this report is to describe a typical case of squalor-dwelling behavior and use it as an example to illustrate the complexity of uncovering the neurobiological basis for this maladaptive personal and public health threat. Neuroimaging findings from our case and a review of the literature point toward decreased activity in the insular cortex and the amygdala as a unifying biological explanation for squalor-dwelling behaviors.
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11
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Oltmanns J, Godde B, Winneke AH, Richter G, Niemann C, Voelcker-Rehage C, Schömann K, Staudinger UM. Don't Lose Your Brain at Work - The Role of Recurrent Novelty at Work in Cognitive and Brain Aging. Front Psychol 2017; 8:117. [PMID: 28220095 PMCID: PMC5292433 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive and brain aging is strongly influenced by everyday settings such as work demands. Long-term exposure to low job complexity, for instance, has detrimental effects on cognitive functioning and regional gray matter (GM) volume. Brain and cognition, however, are also characterized by plasticity. We postulate that the experience of novelty (at work) is one important trigger of plasticity. We investigated the cumulative effect of recurrent exposure to work-task changes (WTC) at low levels of job complexity on GM volume and cognitive functioning of middle-aged production workers across a time window of 17 years. In a case-control study, we found that amount of WTC was associated with better processing speed and working memory as well as with more GM volume in brain regions that have been associated with learning and that show pronounced age-related decline. Recurrent novelty at work may serve as an ‘in vivo’ intervention that helps counteracting debilitating long-term effects of low job complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oltmanns
- Human Resources Management, Daimler AGBremen, Germany; Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany
| | - Ben Godde
- Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen Bremen, Germany
| | - Axel H Winneke
- Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany; Project Group Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media TechnologyOldenburg, Germany
| | - Götz Richter
- Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthDortmund, Germany
| | - Claudia Niemann
- Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany; Institute of Applied Movement Science, Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz, Germany
| | - Klaus Schömann
- Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany; German Institute for Adult Education, Leibniz Centre for Lifelong LearningBonn, Germany
| | - Ursula M Staudinger
- Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany; Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New YorkNY, USA
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12
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Efficient hubs in the intelligent brain: Nodal efficiency of hub regions in the salience network is associated with general intelligence. INTELLIGENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Griffis JC, Elkhetali AS, Burge WK, Chen RH, Bowman AD, Szaflarski JP, Visscher KM. Retinotopic patterns of functional connectivity between V1 and large-scale brain networks during resting fixation. Neuroimage 2016; 146:1071-1083. [PMID: 27554527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychophysical and neurobiological evidence suggests that central and peripheral vision are specialized for different functions. This specialization of function might be expected to lead to differences in the large-scale functional interactions of early cortical areas that represent central and peripheral visual space. Here, we characterize differences in whole-brain functional connectivity among sectors in primary visual cortex (V1) corresponding to central, near-peripheral, and far-peripheral vision during resting fixation. Importantly, our analyses reveal that eccentricity sectors in V1 have different functional connectivity with non-visual areas associated with large-scale brain networks. Regions associated with the fronto-parietal control network are most strongly connected with central sectors of V1, regions associated with the cingulo-opercular control network are most strongly connected with near-peripheral sectors of V1, and regions associated with the default mode and auditory networks are most strongly connected with far-peripheral sectors of V1. Additional analyses suggest that similar patterns are present during eyes-closed rest. These results suggest that different types of visual information may be prioritized by large-scale brain networks with distinct functional profiles, and provide insights into how the small-scale functional specialization within early visual regions such as V1 relates to the large-scale organization of functionally distinct whole-brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Griffis
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | | | - Wesley K Burge
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Richard H Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Anthony D Bowman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Kristina M Visscher
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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14
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Price CC, Tanner J, Nguyen PT, Schwab NA, Mitchell S, Slonena E, Brumback B, Okun MS, Mareci TH, Bowers D. Gray and White Matter Contributions to Cognitive Frontostriatal Deficits in Non-Demented Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147332. [PMID: 26784744 PMCID: PMC4718544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This prospective investigation examined: 1) processing speed and working memory relative to other cognitive domains in non-demented medically managed idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, and 2) the predictive role of cortical/subcortical gray thickness/volume and white matter fractional anisotropy on processing speed and working memory. Methods Participants completed a neuropsychological protocol, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, brain MRI, and fasting blood draw to rule out vascular contributors. Within group a priori anatomical contributors included bilateral frontal thickness, caudate nuclei volume, and prefrontal white matter fractional anisotropy. Results Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (n = 40; Hoehn & Yahr stages 1–3) and non-Parkinson’s disease ‘control’ peers (n = 40) matched on demographics, general cognition, comorbidity, and imaging/blood vascular metrics. Cognitively, individuals with Parkinson’s disease were significantly more impaired than controls on tests of processing speed, secondary deficits on working memory, with subtle impairments in memory, abstract reasoning, and visuoperceptual/spatial abilities. Anatomically, Parkinson’s disease individuals were not statistically different in cortical gray thickness or subcortical gray volumes with the exception of the putamen. Tract Based Spatial Statistics showed reduced prefrontal fractional anisotropy for Parkinson’s disease relative to controls. Within Parkinson’s disease, prefrontal fractional anisotropy and caudate nucleus volume partially explained processing speed. For controls, only prefrontal white matter was a significant contributor to processing speed. There were no significant anatomical predictors of working memory for either group. Conclusions Caudate nuclei volume and prefrontal fractional anisotropy, not frontal gray matter thickness, showed unique and combined significance for processing speed in Parkinson’s disease. Findings underscore the relevance for examining gray-white matter interactions and also highlight clinical processing speed metrics as potential indicators of early cognitive impairment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jared Tanner
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Peter T. Nguyen
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nadine A. Schwab
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sandra Mitchell
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Slonena
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Babette Brumback
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Mareci
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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15
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Pineda-Pardo JA, Martínez K, Román FJ, Colom R. Structural efficiency within a parieto-frontal network and cognitive differences. INTELLIGENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Turner BO, Marinsek N, Ryhal E, Miller MB. Hemispheric lateralization in reasoning. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1359:47-64. [PMID: 26426534 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that reasoning in humans relies on a number of related processes whose neural loci are largely lateralized to one hemisphere or the other. A recent review of this evidence concluded that the patterns of lateralization observed are organized according to two complementary tendencies. The left hemisphere attempts to reduce uncertainty by drawing inferences or creating explanations, even at the cost of ignoring conflicting evidence or generating implausible explanations. Conversely, the right hemisphere aims to reduce conflict by rejecting or refining explanations that are no longer tenable in the face of new evidence. In healthy adults, the hemispheres work together to achieve a balance between certainty and consistency, and a wealth of neuropsychological research supports the notion that upsetting this balance results in various failures in reasoning, including delusions. However, support for this model from the neuroimaging literature is mixed. Here, we examine the evidence for this framework from multiple research domains, including an activation likelihood estimation analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of reasoning. Our results suggest a need to either revise this model as it applies to healthy adults or to develop better tools for assessing lateralization in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin O Turner
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Nicole Marinsek
- Dynamical Neuroscience, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Emily Ryhal
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Michael B Miller
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
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17
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Griffis JC, Elkhetali AS, Vaden RJ, Visscher KM. Distinct effects of trial-driven and task Set-related control in primary visual cortex. Neuroimage 2015; 120:285-297. [PMID: 26163806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Task sets are task-specific configurations of cognitive processes that facilitate task-appropriate reactions to stimuli. While it is established that the trial-by-trial deployment of visual attention to expected stimuli influences neural responses in primary visual cortex (V1) in a retinotopically specific manner, it is not clear whether the mechanisms that help maintain a task set over many trials also operate with similar retinotopic specificity. Here, we address this question by using BOLD fMRI to characterize how portions of V1 that are specialized for different eccentricities respond during distinct components of an attention-demanding discrimination task: cue-driven preparation for a trial, trial-driven processing, task-initiation at the beginning of a block of trials, and task-maintenance throughout a block of trials. Tasks required either unimodal attention to an auditory or a visual stimulus or selective intermodal attention to the visual or auditory component of simultaneously presented visual and auditory stimuli. We found that while the retinotopic patterns of trial-driven and cue-driven activity depended on the attended stimulus, the retinotopic patterns of task-initiation and task-maintenance activity did not. Further, only the retinotopic patterns of trial-driven activity were found to depend on the presence of inter-modal distraction. Participants who performed well on the intermodal selective attention tasks showed strong task-specific modulations of both trial-driven and task-maintenance activity. Importantly, task-related modulations of trial-driven and task-maintenance activity were in opposite directions. Together, these results confirm that there are (at least) two different processes for top-down control of V1: One, working trial-by-trial, differently modulates activity across different eccentricity sectors - portions of V1 corresponding to different visual eccentricities. The second process works across longer epochs of task performance, and does not differ among eccentricity sectors. These results are discussed in the context of previous literature examining top-down control of visual cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Griffis
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Psychology
| | | | - Ryan J Vaden
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Neurobiology
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18
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Griffis JC, Elkhetali AS, Burge WK, Chen RH, Visscher KM. Retinotopic patterns of background connectivity between V1 and fronto-parietal cortex are modulated by task demands. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:338. [PMID: 26106320 PMCID: PMC4458688 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention facilitates the processing of task-relevant visual information and suppresses interference from task-irrelevant information. Modulations of neural activity in visual cortex depend on attention, and likely result from signals originating in fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular regions of cortex. Here, we tested the hypothesis that attentional facilitation of visual processing is accomplished in part by changes in how brain networks involved in attentional control interact with sectors of V1 that represent different retinal eccentricities. We measured the strength of background connectivity between fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular regions with different eccentricity sectors in V1 using functional MRI data that were collected while participants performed tasks involving attention to either a centrally presented visual stimulus or a simultaneously presented auditory stimulus. We found that when the visual stimulus was attended, background connectivity between V1 and the left frontal eye fields (FEF), left intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and right IPS varied strongly across different eccentricity sectors in V1 so that foveal sectors were more strongly connected than peripheral sectors. This retinotopic gradient was weaker when the visual stimulus was ignored, indicating that it was driven by attentional effects. Greater task-driven differences between foveal and peripheral sectors in background connectivity to these regions were associated with better performance on the visual task and faster response times on correct trials. These findings are consistent with the notion that attention drives the configuration of task-specific functional pathways that enable the prioritized processing of task-relevant visual information, and show that the prioritization of visual information by attentional processes may be encoded in the retinotopic gradient of connectivty between V1 and fronto-parietal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Griffis
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Wesley K Burge
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Richard H Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kristina M Visscher
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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19
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Wendelken C, Ferrer E, Whitaker KJ, Bunge SA. Fronto-Parietal Network Reconfiguration Supports the Development of Reasoning Ability. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:2178-90. [PMID: 25824536 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this fMRI study was to examine how well developmental improvements in reasoning ability can be explained by changes in functional connectivity between specific nodes in prefrontal and parietal cortices. To this end, we examined connectivity within the lateral fronto-parietal network (LFPN) and its relation to reasoning ability in 132 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years, 56 of whom were scanned twice over the course of 1.5 years. Developmental changes in strength of connections within the LFPN were most prominent in late childhood and early adolescence. Reasoning ability was related to functional connectivity between left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), but only among 12-18-year olds. For 9-11-year olds, reasoning ability was most strongly related to connectivity between left and right RLPFC; this relationship was mediated by working memory. For 6-8-year olds, significant relationships between connectivity and performance were not observed; in this group, processing speed was the primary mediator of improvement in reasoning ability. We conclude that different connections best support reasoning at different points in development and that RLPFC-IPL connectivity becomes an important predictor of reasoning during adolescence.
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20
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Ebisch SJH, Mantini D, Northoff G, Salone A, De Berardis D, Ferri F, Ferro FM, Di Giannantonio M, Romani GL, Gallese V. Altered brain long-range functional interactions underlying the link between aberrant self-experience and self-other relationship in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:1072-82. [PMID: 24191160 PMCID: PMC4133668 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Self-experience anomalies are elementary features of schizophrenic pathology. Such deficits can have a profound impact on self-other relationship, but how they are related through aberrant brain function remains poorly understood. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we provide new evidence for a cortical link between aberrant self-experience and social cognition in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). As identified in previous studies, ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) and posterior insula (pIC) are candidate brain regions underlying disturbances in both self-experience and self-other relationship due to their processing of predominantly externally guided (vPMC; goal-oriented behavior) and internally guided (pIC; interoception) stimuli. Results from functional interaction analysis in a sample of 24 FES patients and 22 healthy controls show aberrant functional interactions (background/intrinsic connectivity) of right vPMC and bilateral pIC with posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a midline region that has been shown central in mediating self-experience. More specifically, our results show increased functional coupling between vPMC and PCC, which positively correlated with basic symptoms (subjective self-experience disturbances). pIC showed reduced functional coupling with PCC and postcentral gyrus and increased functional interactions with anterior insula. Taken together, our results suggest an imbalance in the processing between internally and externally guided information and its abnormal integration with self-referential processing as mediated by PCC. Due to our correlation findings, we suggest this imbalance to be closely related to basic symptoms in FES and thus anomalous self-experience. The findings further disentangle the cortical basis of how self-experience anomalies may pervade the social domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy;
| | - Dante Mantini
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment and Hospital "G. Mazzini," ASL 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Filippo M Ferro
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gian L Romani
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gallese
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Physiology, Parma University, Parma, Italy; Italian Institute of Technology, Brain Center for Social and Motor Cognition, Parma, Italy
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21
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Caproni S, Muti M, Di Renzo A, Principi M, Caputo N, Calabresi P, Tambasco N. Subclinical visuospatial impairment in Parkinson's disease: the role of Basal Ganglia and limbic system. Front Neurol 2014; 5:152. [PMID: 25157239 PMCID: PMC4128219 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual perception deficits are a recurrent manifestation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, structural abnormalities of fronto-parietal areas and subcortical regions, implicated in visual stimuli analysis, have been observed in PD patients with cognitive decline and visual hallucinations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the salient aspects of visual perception in cognitively unimpaired PD patients. METHODS Eleven right-handed non-demented right-sided onset PD patients without visuospatial impairment or hallucinations and 11 healthy controls were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a specific visuoperceptual/visuospatial paradigm that allowed to highlight the specific process underlying visuospatial judgment. RESULTS Significant changes in both cortical areas and subcortical regions involved in visual stimuli processing were observed. In particular, PD patients showed a reduced activation for the right insula, left putamen, bilateral caudate, and right hippocampus, as well as an over-activation of the right dorso-lateral prefrontal and of the posterior parietal cortices, particularly in the right hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS We found that both loss of efficiency and compensatory mechanisms occur in PD patients, providing further insight into the pathophysiological role of the functional alterations of basal ganglia and limbic structures in the impairment of visuoperceptual and visuospatial functions observed in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caproni
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliera - Università di Perugia , Italy
| | - Marco Muti
- Servizio di Fisica Sanitaria, Azienda Ospedaliera di Terni , Italy
| | - Antonio Di Renzo
- Servizio di Fisica Sanitaria, Azienda Ospedaliera di Terni , Italy
| | - Massimo Principi
- Servizio di Neuroradiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Terni , Italy
| | - Nevia Caputo
- Servizio di Neuroradiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Terni , Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliera - Università di Perugia , Italy ; I.R.C.C.S. - Fondazione S. Lucia - Roma , Italy
| | - Nicola Tambasco
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliera - Università di Perugia , Italy
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22
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Nagano-Saito A, Martinu K, Monchi O. Function of basal ganglia in bridging cognitive and motor modules to perform an action. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:187. [PMID: 25071432 PMCID: PMC4086202 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) are thought to be involved in the integration of multiple sources of information, and their dysfunction can lead to disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD patients show motor and cognitive dysfunction with specific impairments in the internal generation of motor actions and executive deficits, respectively. The role of the BG, then, would be to integrate information from several sources in order to make a decision on a resulting action adequate for the required task. Reanalyzing the data set from our previous study (Martinu et al., 2012), we investigated this hypothesis by applying a graph theory method to a series of fMRI data during the performance of self-initiated (SI) finger movement tasks obtained in healthy volunteers (HV) and early stage PD patients. Dorsally, connectivity strength between the medial prefrontal areas (mPFC) and cortical regions including the primary motor area (M1), the extrastriate visual cortex, and the associative cortex, was reduced in the PD patients. The connectivity strengths were positively correlated to activity in the striatum in both groups. Ventrally, all connectivity between the striatum, the thalamus, and the extrastriate visual cortex decreased in strength in the PD, as did the connectivity between the striatum and the ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC). Individual response time (RT) was negatively correlated to connectivity strength between the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and the striatum and positively correlated to connectivity between the VLPFC and the striatum in the HV. These results indicate that the BG, with the mPFC and thalamus, are involved in integrating multiple sources of information from areas such as DLPFC, and VLPFC, connecting to M1, thereby determining a network that leads to the adequate decision and performance of the resulting action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Nagano-Saito
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kristina Martinu
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Oury Monchi
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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23
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Saggino A, Pezzuti L, Tommasi M, Cianci L, Colom R, Orsini A. Null sex differences in general intelligence among elderly. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Müller VI, Langner R, Cieslik EC, Rottschy C, Eickhoff SB. Interindividual differences in cognitive flexibility: influence of gray matter volume, functional connectivity and trait impulsivity. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:2401-14. [PMID: 24878823 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility, a core aspect of executive functioning, is required for the speeded shifting between different tasks and sets. Using an interindividual differences approach, we examined whether cognitive flexibility, as assessed by the Delis-Kaplan card-sorting test, is associated with gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC) of regions of a core network of multiple cognitive demands as well as with different facets of trait impulsivity. The core multiple-demand network was derived from three large-scale neuroimaging meta-analyses and only included regions that showed consistent associations with sustained attention, working memory as well as inhibitory control. We tested to what extent self-reported impulsivity as well as GMV and resting-state FC in this core network predicted cognitive flexibility independently and incrementally. Our analyses revealed that card-sorting performance correlated positively with GMV of the right anterior insula, FC between bilateral anterior insula and midcingulate cortex/supplementary motor area as well as the impulsivity dimension "Premeditation." Importantly, GMV, FC and impulsivity together accounted for more variance of card-sorting performance than every parameter alone. Our results therefore indicate that various factors contribute individually to cognitive flexibility, underlining the need to search across multiple modalities when aiming to unveil the mechanisms behind executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,
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25
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Ebisch SJ, Ferri F, Gallese V. Touching moments: desire modulates the neural anticipation of active romantic caress. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:60. [PMID: 24616676 PMCID: PMC3937548 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A romantic caress is a basic expression of affiliative behavior and a primary reinforcer. Given its inherent affective valence, its performance also would imply the prediction of reward values. For example, touching a person for whom one has strong passionate feelings likely is motivated by a strong desire for physical contact and associated with the anticipation of hedonic experiences. The present study aims at investigating how the anticipatory neural processes of active romantic caress are modulated by the intensity of the desire for affective contact as reflected by passionate feelings for the other. Functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning was performed in romantically involved partners using a paradigm that allowed to isolate the specific anticipatory representations of active romantic caress, compared with control caress, while testing for the relationship between neural activity and measures of feelings of passionate love for the other. The results demonstrated that right posterior insula activity in anticipation of romantic caress significantly co-varied with the intensity of desire for union with the other. This effect was independent of the sensory-affective properties of the performed touch, like its pleasantness. Furthermore, functional connectivity analysis showed that the same posterior insula cluster interacted with brain regions related to sensory-motor functions as well as to the processing and anticipation of reward. The findings provide insight on the neural substrate mediating between the desire for and the performance of romantic caress. In particular, we propose that anticipatory activity patterns in posterior insula may modulate subsequent sensory-affective processing of skin-to-skin contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J Ebisch
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti, Italy ; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. d'Annunzio University Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Physiology, Parma University Parma, Italy ; Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vittorio Gallese
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Physiology, Parma University Parma, Italy
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