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Lee J, Reavis EA, Engel SA, Altshuler LL, Cohen MS, Glahn DC, Nuechterlein KH, Wynn JK, Green MF. fMRI evidence of aberrant neural adaptation for objects in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1608-1617. [PMID: 30575206 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation (also known as fMRI repetition suppression) has been widely used to characterize stimulus selectivity in vivo, a fundamental feature of neuronal processing in the brain. We investigated whether SZ patients and BD patients show aberrant fMRI adaptation for object perception. About 52 SZ patients, 55 BD patients, and 53 community controls completed an object discrimination task with three conditions: the same object presented twice, two exemplars from the same category, and two exemplars from different categories. We also administered two functional localizer tasks. A region of interest analysis was employed to evaluate a priori hypotheses about the lateral occipital complex (LOC) and early visual cortex (EVC). An exploratory whole brain analysis was also conducted. In the LOC and EVC, controls showed the expected reduced fMRI responses to repeated presentation of the same objects compared with different objects (i.e., fMRI adaptation for objects, p < .001). SZ patients showed an adaptation effect that was significantly smaller compared with controls. BD patients showed a lack of fMRI adaptation. The whole brain analyses showed enhanced fMRI responses to repeated presentation of the same objects only in BD patients in several brain regions including anterior cingulate cortex. This study was the first to employ fMRI adaptation for objects in SZ and BD. The current findings provide empirical evidence of aberrant fMRI adaptation in the visual cortex in SZ and BD, but in distinctly different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric A Reavis
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephen A Engel
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lori L Altshuler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital Whitehall Research Building, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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Kinreich S, Djalovski A, Kraus L, Louzoun Y, Feldman R. Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17060. [PMID: 29213107 PMCID: PMC5719019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of humans as a highly social species tuned the brain to the social world; yet the mechanisms by which humans coordinate their brain response online during social interactions remain unclear. Using hyperscanning EEG recordings, we measured brain-to-brain synchrony in 104 adults during a male-female naturalistic social interaction, comparing romantic couples and strangers. Neural synchrony was found for couples, but not for strangers, localized to temporal-parietal structures and expressed in gamma rhythms. Brain coordination was not found during a three-minute rest, pinpointing neural synchrony to social interactions among affiliative partners. Brain-to-brain synchrony was linked with behavioral synchrony. Among couples, neural synchrony was anchored in moments of social gaze and positive affect, whereas among strangers, longer durations of social gaze and positive affect correlated with greater neural synchrony. Brain-to-brain synchrony was unrelated to episodes of speech/no-speech or general content of conversation. Our findings link brain-to-brain synchrony to the degree of social connectedness among interacting partners, ground neural synchrony in key nonverbal social behaviors, and highlight the role of human attachment in providing a template for two-brain coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Kinreich
- Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amir Djalovski
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Kraus
- Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzlia, Israel.
- Yale University Child Study Center, New Haven, USA.
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Shapira Lots I, Zeev-Wolf M, Harpaz Y, Abeles M. Source localization scale correction for Beamformer analysis. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 273:10-19. [PMID: 27456763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetoencephalography measurements are often processed by using imaging algorithms such as beamforming. The estimated source magnitude tends to suffer from unbalanced scaling across different brain locations. Hence, when examining current estimates for source activity it is vital to rescale the estimated source magnitude, in order to obtain a uniformly scaled image. NEW METHOD We present a generalized scale correction method (Nempty) that uses empty room MEG measurements to evaluate the noise level. RESULTS The location bias and spatial resolution of the estimated signal indicated that some scaling correction needs to be applied. Of all the scale correction methods that were tested, the best correction was achieved when using Nempty. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We show that a diagonal matrix does not reflect the true nature of the noise covariance matrix. Hence, diagonal matrix based methods are sub-optimal. CONCLUSION We recommend adding empty room MEG measurements to each experimental recording session, for purposes of both scale correction and beamformer performance verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Shapira Lots
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Maor Zeev-Wolf
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Yuval Harpaz
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Moshe Abeles
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Cavalli E, Colé P, Badier JM, Zielinski C, Chanoine V, Ziegler JC. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Morphological Processing in Visual Word Recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1228-42. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The spatiotemporal dynamics of morphological, orthographic, and semantic processing were investigated in a primed lexical decision task in French using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The goal was to investigate orthographic and semantic contributions to morphological priming and compare these effects with pure orthographic and semantic priming. The time course of these effects was analyzed in anatomically defined ROIs that were selected according to previous MEG and fMRI findings. The results showed that morphological processing was not localized in one specific area but distributed over a vast network that involved left inferior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left orbitofrontal gyrus. Second, all morphological effects were specific, that is, in none of the ROIs could morphology effects be explained by pure orthographic or pure semantic overlap. Third, the ventral route was sensitive to both the orthographic and semantic “part” of the morphological priming effect in the M350 time window. Fourth, the earliest effects of morphology occurred in left superior temporal gyrus around 250 msec and reflected the semantic contribution to morphological facilitation. Together then, the present results show that morphological processing is not just an emergent property of processing form or meaning and that semantic contributions to morphological facilitation can occur as early as 250 msec in the left superior temporal gyrus.
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Zeev-Wolf M, Faust M, Levkovitz Y, Harpaz Y, Goldstein A. Magnetoencephalographic evidence of early right hemisphere overactivation during metaphor comprehension in schizophrenia. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:770-81. [PMID: 25603893 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Whereas language processing in neurotypical brains is left lateralized, individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) display a bilateral or reversed pattern of lateralization. We used MEG to investigate the implications of this atypicality on fine (left hemisphere) versus coarse (right hemisphere) semantic processing. Ten SZ and 14 controls were presented with fine (conventional metaphor, literal, and unrelated expressions) and coarse (novel metaphor) linguistic stimuli. Results showed greater activation of the right hemisphere for novel metaphors and greater bilateral activation for unrelated expressions at the M170 window in SZ. Moreover, at the M350, SZ showed reduced bilateral activation. We conclude that SZ are overreliant on early-stage coarse semantic processing. As a result, they jump too quickly to remote conclusions, with limited control over the meanings they form. This may explain one of the core symptoms of the disorder-loose associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Zeev-Wolf
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Miriam Faust
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yechiel Levkovitz
- Emotion-Cognition Research Center, The Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Hod-Hasharon, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Harpaz
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Abraham Goldstein
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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