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Ferrari LF, Rey C, Ramirez A, Dziuba A, Zickella J, Zickella M, Raff H, Taylor NE. Characterization of the Dahl salt-sensitive rat as a rodent model of inherited, widespread, persistent pain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19348. [PMID: 36369350 PMCID: PMC9652451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential for studying the pathophysiology of chronic pain disorders and as screening tools for new therapies. However, most models available do not reproduce key characteristics of clinical persistent pain. This has limited their ability to accurately predict which new medicines will be clinically effective. Here, we characterize the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat strain as the first rodent model of inherited widespread hyperalgesia. We show that this strain exhibits physiological phenotypes known to contribute to chronic pain, such as neuroinflammation, defective endogenous pain modulation, dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increased oxidative stress and immune cell activation. When compared with Sprague Dawley and Brown Norway rats, SS rats have lower nociceptive thresholds due to increased inflammatory mediator concentrations, lower corticosterone levels, and high oxidative stress. Treatment with dexamethasone, the reactive oxygen species scavenger tempol, or the glial inhibitor minocycline attenuated the pain sensitivity in SS rats without affecting the other strains while indomethacin and gabapentin provided less robust pain relief. Moreover, SS rats presented impaired diffuse noxious inhibitory controls and an exacerbated response to the proalgesic mediator PGE2, features of generalized pain conditions. These data establish this strain as a novel model of spontaneous, widespread hyperalgesia that can be used to identify biomarkers for chronic pain diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F. Ferrari
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Charles Rey
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Anna Ramirez
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Adam Dziuba
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Jacqueline Zickella
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Michael Zickella
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Hershel Raff
- grid.427152.7Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215 USA ,grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Norman E. Taylor
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
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Lu CQ, Zeng CH, Cui Y, Meng XP, Luan Y, Xu XM, Ju S. An Investigation of the Impacts of Three Anesthetic Regimens on Task-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Functional Connectivity Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Sprague Dawley and Wistar Rats. Brain Connect 2021; 12:74-84. [PMID: 33947271 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate basic task-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) results on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and Wistar rats under three anesthetic regimens. Introduction: SD rats and Wistar rats are the two-most commonly used rat strains in medical research and neuroimaging studies. It still lacks a direct comparison of basic task-fMRI and rs-fMRI results between the Wistar rats and SD rats under different anesthetic regimens. Methods: Two rat strains and different time points were adopted to investigate task-fMRI activation and rs-fMRI functional connectivity (FC) results under three kinds of anesthetic regimens (2-2.5% isoflurane only, dexmedetomidine bolus combined with a continuous infusion, and dexmedetomidine bolus combined with 0.3-0.5% isoflurane). The electrical forepaw stimulation method and seed-based FC results were used to compare the task-fMRI brain activation and rs-fMRI FC patterns between the two rat strains. Results: The results showed that Wistar rats had more robust brain activation in task fMRI experiments while exhibiting a less specific interhemispheric FC than that of SD rats under the two dexmedetomidine anesthetic regimens. Moreover, even low-level isoflurane could significantly affect task-fMRI and rs-fMRI results in both rat strains. Conclusions: SD and Wistar rats showed different brain activations and interhemispheric FC patterns under the two dexmedetomidine anesthetic regimens. These results may serve as reference information for small-animal fMRI studies. Impact statement Our study demonstrates different stimulation-induced blood oxygen level-dependent responses and functional connectivity patterns between Sprague Dawley rats and Wistar rats under three anesthetics. This study provides some reference results for different anesthetics' effects on different rat strains in different functional magnetic resonance imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qiang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chu-Hui Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Pan Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Luan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Sanvanson P, Li Z, Mei L, Kounev V, Kern M, Ward BD, Medda B, Shaker R. Interplay of spinal and vagal pathways on esophageal acid-related anterior cingulate cortex functional networks in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G615-G622. [PMID: 30817181 PMCID: PMC6580238 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00228.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal acid sensory signals are transmitted by both vagal and spinal pathways to the cerebral cortex. The influence and interplay of these pathways on esophageal acid-related functional connectivity has been elusive. Our aim was to evaluate the esophageal acid exposure-related effect on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functional connectivity networks using functional MRI-guided functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) analysis. We studied six Sprague-Dawley rats for fcMRI experiments under dexmedetomidine hydrochloride anesthesia. Each rat was scanned for 6 min before and after esophageal hydrochloric acid infusion (0.1 N, 0.2 ml/min). The protocol was repeated before and after bilateral cervical vagotomy on the same rat. Seed-based fcMRI analysis was used to examine ACC networks and acid-induced network alterations. Three-factor repeated-measures ANOVA analysis among all four subgroups revealed that the interaction of acid infusion and bilateral vagotomy was mainly detected in the hypothalamus, insula, left secondary somatosensory cortex, left parietal cortex, and right thalamus in the left ACC network. In the right ACC network, this interaction effect was detected in the caudate putamen, insula, motor, primary somatosensory cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, and thalamic regions. These regions in the ACC networks showed decreased intranetwork connectivity due to acid infusion. However, after bilateral vagotomy, intranetwork connectivity strength inversed and became stronger following postvagotomy acid infusion. Signals transmitted through both the vagal nerve and spinal nerves play a role in esophageal acid-related functional connectivity of the ACC. The vagal signals appear to dampen the acid sensation-related functional connectivity of the ACC networks. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These studies show that esophageal acid-induced brain functional connectivity changes are vagally mediated and suggest that signals transmitted through both the vagal nerve and spinal nerves play a role in esophageal acid-related functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex. This paper focuses on the development of a novel rat functional MRI model fostering improved understanding of acid-related esophageal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sanvanson
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Zhixin Li
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ling Mei
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Venelin Kounev
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mark Kern
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - B. Douglas Ward
- 2Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bidyut Medda
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Reza Shaker
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Functional networks and network perturbations in rodents. Neuroimage 2017; 163:419-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Li C, Li Z, Ward BD, Dwinell MR, Lombard JH, Hudetz AG, Pawela CP. Enhancement of resting-state fcMRI networks by prior sensory stimulation. Brain Connect 2015; 4:760-8. [PMID: 25387238 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to consider the effect of a previous experimental condition when analyzing resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) data. In this work, a simple sensory stimulation functional MRI (fMRI) experiment was conducted between two resting-state fcMRI acquisitions in anesthetized rats using a high-field small-animal MR scanner. Previous human studies have reported fcMRI network alteration by prior task/stimulus utilizing similar experimental paradigms. An anesthetized rat preparation was used to test whether brain regions with higher level functions are involved in post-task/stimulus fcMRI network alteration. We demonstrate significant fcMRI enhancement poststimulation in the sensory cortical, limbic, and insular brain regions in rats. These brain regions have been previously implicated in vigilance and anesthetic arousal networks. We tested their experimental paradigm in several inbred strains of rats with known phenotypic differences in anesthetic susceptibility and cerebral vascular function. Brown Norway (BN), Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS), and consomic SSBN13 strains were tested. We have previously shown significant differences in blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI activity and fcMRI networks across these strains. Here we report statistically significant interstrain differences in regional fcMRI poststimulation enhancement. In the SS strain, poststimulation enhancement occurred in posterior sensory and limbic cortical brain regions. In the BN strain, poststimulation enhancement appeared in anterior cingulate and subcortical limbic brain regions. These results imply that a prior condition has a significant impact on fcMRI networks that depend on intersubject difference in genetics and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Li
- 1 Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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