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Rima S, Greilsamer J, Haag M, Cadena-Valencia J, Sansonnens M, Francovich A, Lanz F, Zbinden A, Bergadano A, Schmid MC. A chinrest-based approach to measure eye movements and experimental task engagement in macaques with minimal restraint. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110173. [PMID: 38782125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of Rhesus macaques in vision research is crucial due to their visual system's similarity to humans. While invasive techniques have been the norm, there has been a shift towards non-invasive methods, such as facemasks and head molds, to enhance animal welfare and address ethical concerns. NEW METHOD We present a non-invasive, 3D-printed chinrest with infrared sensors, adapted from canine research, allowing for accurate eye movement measurements and voluntary animal participation in experiments. RESULTS The chinrest method showed a 16% and 28% increase in average trial numbers for Monkey 1 and Monkey 2, respectively, compared to the traditional headpost method. The engagement was high, with monkeys performing over 500 trials per session and initiating a new trial after an average intertrial interval of approximately 1 second. The hit rate improved by about 10% for Monkey 1 in the chinrest condition, and the fixation precision, measured by the standard deviation of gaze positions, was significantly better in the chinrest condition, with Monkey 1 showing a reduction in fixation imprecision from 0.26° to 0.17° in the X-axis. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The chinrest approach showed significant improvements in trial engagement and reduction in aborted trials due to fixation breaks, indicating less stress and potentially improved data quality compared to previous non-invasive methods. CONCLUSIONS The chinrest method offers a significant advancement in primate cognitive testing by allowing for precise data collection while addressing animal welfare concerns, possibly leading to better scientific outcomes and a paradigm shift in primate research methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Rima
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Jennifer Greilsamer
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Marcus Haag
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Jaime Cadena-Valencia
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Morgan Sansonnens
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Francovich
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Lanz
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Andrina Zbinden
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Alessandra Bergadano
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Christoph Schmid
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland; Ernst Strungmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstrasse 46, Frankfurt 60528, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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2
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Guedj C, Tyrand R, Badier E, Planchamp L, Stringer M, Zimmermann MO, Férat V, Ha-Vinh Leuchter R, Grouiller F. Self-Regulation of Attention in Children in a Virtual Classroom Environment: A Feasibility Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1352. [PMID: 38135943 PMCID: PMC10741222 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention is a crucial cognitive function that enables us to selectively focus on relevant information from the surrounding world to achieve our goals. Impairments in sustained attention pose challenges, particularly in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impulsive and inattentive behavior. While psychostimulant medications are the most effective ADHD treatment, they often yield unwanted side effects, making it crucial to explore non-pharmacological treatments. We propose a groundbreaking protocol that combines electroencephalography-based neurofeedback with virtual reality (VR) as an innovative approach to address attention deficits. By integrating a virtual classroom environment, we aim to enhance the transferability of attentional control skills while simultaneously increasing motivation and interest among children. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of this approach through an initial assessment involving a small group of healthy children, showcasing its potential for future evaluation in ADHD children. Preliminary results indicate high engagement and positive feedback. Pre- and post-protocol assessments via EEG and fMRI recordings suggest changes in attentional function. Further validation is required, but this protocol is a significant advancement in neurofeedback therapy for ADHD. The integration of EEG-NFB and VR presents a novel avenue for enhancing attentional control and addressing behavioral challenges in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Guedj
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (R.T.); (E.B.); (F.G.)
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.P.); (M.S.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Rémi Tyrand
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (R.T.); (E.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Emmanuel Badier
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (R.T.); (E.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Lou Planchamp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.P.); (M.S.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Madison Stringer
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.P.); (M.S.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Myriam Ophelia Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.P.); (M.S.); (M.O.Z.)
| | - Victor Férat
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Russia Ha-Vinh Leuchter
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Frédéric Grouiller
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (R.T.); (E.B.); (F.G.)
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.P.); (M.S.); (M.O.Z.)
- CIBM MRI Cognitive and Affective Neuroimaging Section, Center for Biomedical Imaging, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Bayih SG, Jankiewicz M, Alhamud A, van der Kouwe AJW, Meintjes EM. Self-navigated prospective motion correction for 3D-EPI acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:211-223. [PMID: 35344618 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although 3D EPI is more susceptible to motion artifacts than 2D EPI, it presents some benefits for functional MRI, including the absence of spin-history artifacts, greater potential for parallel imaging acceleration, and better functional sensitivity in high-resolution imaging. Here we present a self-navigated 3D-EPI sequence suitable for prospective motion-corrected functional MRI without additional hardware or pulses. METHODS For each volume acquisition, the first 24 of the 52 partitions being acquired are accumulated to a new feedback block that was added to the image reconstruction pipeline. After zero-filling the remaining partitions, the feedback block constructs a volumetric self-navigator (vSNav), co-registers it to the reference vSNav acquired during the first volume acquisition, and sends motion estimates to the sequence. The sequence then updates its FOV and acquires subsequent partitions with the adjusted FOV, until the next update is received. The sequence was validated without and with intentional motion in phantom and in vivo on a 3T Skyra. RESULTS For phantom scans, the FOV was updated 0.704 s after acquisition of the vSNav partitions, and for in vivo scans after 0.768 s. Both phantom and in vivo data demonstrated stable motion estimates in the absence of motion. For in vivo acquisitions, prospective head-pose estimates using the vSNav's and retrospective estimates with FLIRT (FMRIB's Linear Image Registration Tool) agreed to within 0.23 mm (< 10% of the slice thickness) and 0.14° in all directions. CONCLUSION Depending when motion occurs during a volume acquisition, the proposed method fully corrects the FOV and recovers image quality within one volume acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Getaneh Bayih
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Neuroscience Institute, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcin Jankiewicz
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Alhamud
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,The Modern Pioneer Center and ArSMRM for MRI Training and Development, Tripoli, Libya
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Neuroscience Institute, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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4
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Giacometti C, Dureux A, Autran-Clavagnier D, Wilson CRE, Sallet J, Dirheimer M, Procyk E, Hadj-Bouziane F, Amiez C. Frontal Cortical Functional Connectivity Is Impacted by Anaesthesia in Macaques. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:4050-4067. [PMID: 34974618 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical aspect of neuroscience is to establish whether and how brain networks evolved across primates. To date, most comparative studies have used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in anaesthetized nonhuman primates and in awake humans. However, anaesthesia strongly affects rs-fMRI signals. The present study investigated the impact of the awareness state (anaesthesia vs. awake) within the same group of macaque monkeys on the rs-fMRI functional connectivity organization of a well-characterized network in the human brain, the cingulo-frontal lateral network. Results in awake macaques show that rostral seeds in the cingulate sulcus exhibited stronger correlation strength with rostral compared to caudal lateral frontal cortical areas, while more caudal seeds displayed stronger correlation strength with caudal compared to anterior lateral frontal cortical areas. Critically, this inverse rostro-caudal functional gradient was abolished under anaesthesia. This study demonstrated a similar functional connectivity (FC) organization of the cingulo-frontal cortical network in awake macaque to that previously uncovered in the human brain pointing toward a preserved FC organization from macaque to human. However, it can only be observed in awake state suggesting that this network is sensitive to anaesthesia and warranting significant caution when comparing FC patterns across species under different states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Giacometti
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Audrey Dureux
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Autran-Clavagnier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France.,Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charles R E Wilson
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Manon Dirheimer
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Amiez
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
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5
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Pitzalis S, Hadj-Bouziane F, Dal Bò G, Guedj C, Strappini F, Meunier M, Farnè A, Fattori P, Galletti C. Optic flow selectivity in the macaque parieto-occipital sulcus. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2911-2930. [PMID: 34043075 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In humans, several neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that passive viewing of optic flow stimuli activates higher-level motion areas, like V6 and the cingulate sulcus visual area (CSv). In macaque, there are few studies on the sensitivity of V6 and CSv to egomotion compatible optic flow. The only fMRI study on this issue revealed selectivity to egomotion compatible optic flow in macaque CSv but not in V6 (Cotterau et al. Cereb Cortex 27(1):330-343, 2017, but see Fan et al. J Neurosci. 35:16303-16314, 2015). Yet, it is unknown whether monkey visual motion areas MT + and V6 display any distinctive fMRI functional profile relative to the optic flow stimulation, as it is the case for the homologous human areas (Pitzalis et al., Cereb Cortex 20(2):411-424, 2010). Here, we described the sensitivity of the monkey brain to two motion stimuli (radial rings and flow fields) originally used in humans to functionally map the motion middle temporal area MT + (Tootell et al. J Neurosci 15: 3215-3230, 1995a; Nature 375:139-141, 1995b) and the motion medial parietal area V6 (Pitzalis et al. 2010), respectively. In both animals, we found regions responding only to optic flow or radial rings stimulation, and regions responding to both stimuli. A region in the parieto-occipital sulcus (likely including V6) was one of the most highly selective area for coherently moving fields of dots, further demonstrating the power of this type of stimulation to activate V6 in both humans and monkeys. We did not find any evidence that putative macaque CSv responds to Flow Fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pitzalis
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome ''Foro Italico'', Rome, Italy. .,Department of Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action and Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France.,University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Giulia Dal Bò
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carole Guedj
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action and Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France.,University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Martine Meunier
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action and Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France.,University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action and Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France.,University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Mitchell AS, Hartig R, Basso MA, Jarrett W, Kastner S, Poirier C. International primate neuroscience research regulation, public engagement and transparency opportunities. Neuroimage 2021; 229:117700. [PMID: 33418072 PMCID: PMC7994292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific excellence is a necessity for progress in biomedical research. As research becomes ever more international, establishing international collaborations will be key to advancing our scientific knowledge. Understanding the similarities in standards applied by different nations to animal research, and where the differences might lie, is crucial. Cultural differences and societal values will also contribute to these similarities and differences between countries and continents. Our overview is not comprehensive for all species, but rather focuses on non-human primate (NHP) research, involving New World marmosets and Old World macaques, conducted in countries where NHPs are involved in neuroimaging research. Here, an overview of the ethics and regulations is provided to help assess welfare standards amongst primate research institutions. A comparative examination of these standards was conducted to provide a basis for establishing a common set of standards for animal welfare. These criteria may serve to develop international guidelines, which can be managed by an International Animal Welfare and Use Committee (IAWUC). Internationally, scientists have a moral responsibility to ensure excellent care and welfare of their animals, which in turn, influences the quality of their research. When working with animal models, maintaining a high quality of care ("culture of care") and welfare is essential. The transparent promotion of this level of care and welfare, along with the results of the research and its impact, may reduce public concerns associated with animal experiments in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Renée Hartig
- Centre for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michele A Basso
- Fuster Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences UCLA Los Angeles 90095, CA United States
| | - Wendy Jarrett
- Understanding Animal Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Kastner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Colline Poirier
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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7
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Basso MA, Frey S, Guerriero KA, Jarraya B, Kastner S, Koyano KW, Leopold DA, Murphy K, Poirier C, Pope W, Silva AC, Tansey G, Uhrig L. Using non-invasive neuroimaging to enhance the care, well-being and experimental outcomes of laboratory non-human primates (monkeys). Neuroimage 2021; 228:117667. [PMID: 33359353 PMCID: PMC8005297 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10-20 years, neuroscience witnessed an explosion in the use of non-invasive imaging methods, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to study brain structure and function. Simultaneously, with access to MRI in many research institutions, MRI has become an indispensable tool for researchers and veterinarians to guide improvements in surgical procedures and implants and thus, experimental as well as clinical outcomes, given that access to MRI also allows for improved diagnosis and monitoring for brain disease. As part of the PRIMEatE Data Exchange, we gathered expert scientists, veterinarians, and clinicians who treat humans, to provide an overview of the use of non-invasive imaging tools, primarily MRI, to enhance experimental and welfare outcomes for laboratory non-human primates engaged in neuroscientific experiments. We aimed to provide guidance for other researchers, scientists and veterinarians in the use of this powerful imaging technology as well as to foster a larger conversation and community of scientists and veterinarians with a shared goal of improving the well-being and experimental outcomes for laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Basso
- Fuster Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - S Frey
- Rogue Research, Inc. Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - K A Guerriero
- Washington National Primate Research Center University of Washington Seattle, WA USA
| | - B Jarraya
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Foch hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Kastner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology Princeton University Princeton, NJ USA
| | - K W Koyano
- National Institute of Mental Health NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - D A Leopold
- National Institute of Mental Health NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - K Murphy
- Biosciences Institute and Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH United Kingdom UK
| | - C Poirier
- Biosciences Institute and Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH United Kingdom UK
| | - W Pope
- Department of Radiology UCLA Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A C Silva
- Department of Neurobiology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - G Tansey
- National Eye Institute NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - L Uhrig
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
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8
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Prescott MJ, Poirier C. The role of MRI in applying the 3Rs to non-human primate neuroscience. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117521. [PMID: 33137476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is playing a significant role in applying the 3Rs to neuroscience studies using non-human primates. MRI scans are contributing to refinement by enhancing the selection and assignment of animals, guiding the manufacture of custom-fitted recording and head fixation devices, and assisting with the diagnosis of health issues and their treatment. MRI is also being used to better understand the impact of neuroscience procedures on the welfare of NHPs. MRI has helped to optimise NHP use and make greater scientific progress than would otherwise be made using larger numbers of animals. Whilst human fMRI studies have replaced some NHP studies, their potential to directly replace NHP electrophysiology is limited at present. Given the considerable advantages of MRI for electrophysiology experiments, including improved welfare of NHPs, consideration should be given to focusing NHP electrophysiology laboratories around MRI facilities. Greater sharing of MRI data sets, and improvements in MRI contrast and resolution, are expected to further advance the 3Rs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Prescott
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK.
| | - Colline Poirier
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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9
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Reynaud AJ, Blini E, Koun E, Macaluso E, Meunier M, Hadj-Bouziane F. Atomoxetine modulates the contribution of low-level signals during free viewing of natural images in rhesus monkeys. Neuropharmacology 2020; 182:108377. [PMID: 33137343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Visuo-spatial attentional orienting is fundamental to selectively process behaviorally relevant information, depending on both low-level visual attributes of stimuli in the environment and higher-level factors, such as goals, expectations and prior knowledge. Growing evidence suggests an impact of the locus-cœruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system in attentional orienting that depends on taskcontext. Nonetheless, most of previous studies used visual displays encompassing a target and various distractors, often preceded by cues to orient the attentional focus. This emphasizes the contribution of goal-driven processes, at the expense of other factors related to the stimulus content. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of NE on attentional orienting in more naturalistic conditions, using complex images and without any explicit task manipulation. We tested the effects of atomoxetine (ATX) injections, a NE reuptake inhibitor, on four monkeys during free viewing of images belonging to three categories: landscapes, monkey faces and scrambled images. Analyses of the gaze exploration patterns revealed, first, that the monkeys spent more time on each fixation under ATX compared to the control condition, regard less of the image content. Second, we found that, depending on the image content, ATX modulated the impact of low-level visual salience on attentional orienting. This effect correlated with the effect of ATX on the number and duration of fixations. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ATX adjusts the contribution of salience on attentional orienting depending on the image content, indicative of its role in balancing the role of stimulus-driven and top-down control during free viewing of complex stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie J Reynaud
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France.
| | - Elvio Blini
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Eric Koun
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Emiliano Macaluso
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Martine Meunier
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France.
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Reynaud AJ, Froesel M, Guedj C, Ben Hadj Hassen S, Cléry J, Meunier M, Ben Hamed S, Hadj-Bouziane F. Atomoxetine improves attentional orienting in a predictive context. Neuropharmacology 2019; 150:59-69. [PMID: 30876931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of norepinephrine (NE) in visuo-spatial attention remains poorly understood. Our goal was to identify the attentional processes influenced by atomoxetine (ATX) injections, a NE-reuptake inhibitor that boosts the level of NE in the brain, and to characterize these influences. We tested the effects of ATX injections, on seven monkeys performing a saccadic cued task in which cues and distractors were used to manipulate spatial attention. We found that when the cue accurately predicted the location of the upcoming cue in 80% of the trials, ATX consistently improved attentional orienting, as measured from reaction times (RTs). These effects were best accounted for by a faster accumulation rate in the valid trials, rather than by a change in the decision threshold. By contrast, the effect of ATX on alerting and distractor interference was more inconsistent. Finally, we also found that, under ATX, RTs to non-cued targets were longer when these were presented separately from cued targets. This suggests that the impact of NE on visuo-spatial attention depends on the context, such that the adaptive changes elicited by the highly informative value of the cues in the most frequent trials were accompanied by a cost in the less frequent trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie J Reynaud
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France.
| | - Mathilda Froesel
- University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France; CNRS, UMR5229, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, France
| | - Carole Guedj
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Sameh Ben Hadj Hassen
- University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France; CNRS, UMR5229, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, France
| | - Justine Cléry
- University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France; CNRS, UMR5229, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, France
| | - Martine Meunier
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France; CNRS, UMR5229, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, France
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University UCBL, Lyon 1, F-69000, France.
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11
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Guedj C, Monfardini E, Reynaud AJ, Farnè A, Meunier M, Hadj-Bouziane F. Boosting Norepinephrine Transmission Triggers Flexible Reconfiguration of Brain Networks at Rest. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4691-4700. [PMID: 27600848 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system is thought to act as a reset signal allowing brain network reorganization in response to salient information in the environment. However, no direct evidence of NE-dependent whole-brain reorganization has ever been described. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in monkeys to investigate the impact of NE-reuptake inhibition on whole-brain connectivity patterns. We found that boosting NE transmission changes functional connectivity between and within resting-state networks. It modulated the functional connectivity pattern of a brainstem network including the LC region and interactions between associative and sensory-motor networks as well as within sensory-motor networks. Among the observed changes, those involving the fronto-parietal attention network exhibited a unique pattern of uncoupling with other sensory-motor networks and correlation switching from negative to positive with the brainstem network that included the LC nucleus. These findings provide the first empirical evidence of NE-dependent large-scale brain network reorganization and further demonstrate that the fronto-parietal attention network represents a central feature within this reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Guedj
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France.,University UCBL Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Elisabetta Monfardini
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France.,University UCBL Lyon 1, F-69000, France.,Institut de Médecine Environnementale, Paris F-75007, France
| | - Amélie J Reynaud
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France.,University UCBL Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France.,University UCBL Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Martine Meunier
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France.,University UCBL Lyon 1, F-69000, France
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France.,University UCBL Lyon 1, F-69000, France
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12
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Arcaro MJ, Livingstone MS. A hierarchical, retinotopic proto-organization of the primate visual system at birth. eLife 2017; 6:e26196. [PMID: 28671063 PMCID: PMC5495573 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult primate visual system comprises a series of hierarchically organized areas. Each cortical area contains a topographic map of visual space, with different areas extracting different kinds of information from the retinal input. Here we asked to what extent the newborn visual system resembles the adult organization. We find that hierarchical, topographic organization is present at birth and therefore constitutes a proto-organization for the entire primate visual system. Even within inferior temporal cortex, this proto-organization was already present, prior to the emergence of category selectivity (e.g., faces or scenes). We propose that this topographic organization provides the scaffolding for the subsequent development of visual cortex that commences at the onset of visual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Arcaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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13
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Slater H, Milne AE, Wilson B, Muers RS, Balezeau F, Hunter D, Thiele A, Griffiths TD, Petkov CI. Individually customisable non-invasive head immobilisation system for non-human primates with an option for voluntary engagement. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 269:46-60. [PMID: 27189889 PMCID: PMC4935671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive head immobilisation for neuroscience experiments in monkeys. Individually customised system combining functionality of previous systems. Allows access for auditory and visual stimulation. Has the option for voluntary engagement to assist habituation. Systematically evaluated against scientific and animal welfare needs.
Background Head immobilisation is often necessary for neuroscientific procedures. A number of Non-invasive Head Immobilisation Systems (NHIS) for monkeys are available, but the need remains for a feasible integrated system combining a broad range of essential features. New method We developed an individualised macaque NHIS addressing several animal welfare and scientific needs. The system comprises a customised-to-fit facemask that can be used separately or combined with a back piece to form a full-head helmet. The system permits presentation of visual and auditory stimuli during immobilisation and provides mouth access for reward. Results The facemask was incorporated into an automated voluntary training system, allowing the animals to engage with it for increasing periods leading to full head immobilisation. We evaluated the system during performance on several auditory or visual behavioural tasks with testing sessions lasting 1.5–2 h, used thermal imaging to monitor for and prevent pressure points, and measured head movement using MRI. Comparison with existing methods A comprehensive evaluation of the system is provided in relation to several scientific and animal welfare requirements. Behavioural results were often comparable to those obtained with surgical implants. Cost–benefit analyses were conducted comparing the system with surgical options, highlighting the benefits of implementing the non-invasive option. Conclusions The system has a number of potential applications and could be an important tool in neuroscientific research, when direct access to the brain for neuronal recordings is not required, offering the opportunity to conduct non-invasive experiments while improving animal welfare and reducing reliance on surgically implanted head posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Slater
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Alice E Milne
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Wilson
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Ross S Muers
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Balezeau
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - David Hunter
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Thiele
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D Griffiths
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher I Petkov
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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14
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Monfardini E, Redouté J, Hadj-Bouziane F, Hynaux C, Fradin J, Huguet P, Costes N, Meunier M. Others' Sheer Presence Boosts Brain Activity in the Attention (But Not the Motivation) Network. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:2427-2439. [PMID: 25858969 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sheer presence of another member of the same species affects performance, sometimes impeding it, sometimes enhancing it. For well-learned tasks, the effect is generally positive. This fundamental form of social influence, known as social facilitation, concerns human as well as nonhuman animals and affects many behaviors from food consumption to cognition. In psychology, this phenomenon has been known for over a century. Yet, its underlying mechanism (motivation or attention) remains debated, its relationship to stress unclear, and its neural substrates unknown. To address these issues, we investigated the behavioral, neuronal, and endocrinological markers of social facilitation in monkeys trained to touch images to obtain rewards. When another animal was present, performance was enhanced, but testing-induced stress (i.e., plasma cortisol elevation) was unchanged, as was metabolic activity in the brain motivation network. Rather, task-related activity in the (right) attention frontoparietal network encompassing the lateral prefrontal cortex, ventral premotor cortex, frontal eye field, and intraparietal sulcus was increased when another individual was present compared with when animals were tested alone. These results establish the very first link between the behavioral enhancement produced by the mere presence of a peer and an increase of metabolic activity in those brain structures underpinning attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Monfardini
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon F-69000, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France.,Institut de Médecine Environnementale, Paris, France
| | | | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon F-69000, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Clément Hynaux
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon F-69000, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | | | - Pascal Huguet
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7290-LPC and Fédération de Recherche 3C, Marseille, France
| | | | - Martine Meunier
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon F-69000, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
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