1
|
Liu H, Liu J, Sun S, Dai W, Nie B, Xu B, Dong Z, Yu S. Medication overuse headache associated with decreased dopamine transporter availability in the medial but not in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex: a 11CFT PET/MR study. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:543-550. [PMID: 36120989 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2126773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Dysfunction of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system in medication overuse headache (MOH) is unknown. This study aimed to determine dopamine transporter (DAT) availability, which is sensitive to dopamine levels, in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system in MOH patients. METHODS This case-control study investigated eligible MOH patients admitted to the International Headache Centre in the neurological department of Chinese PLA General Hospital between July 2018 and August 2019. All subjects underwent an integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) brain scans with 11CFT, a radioligand that binds to DAT. Standardised uptake value ratio (SUVr) images were compared voxelwise between MOH patients and healthy controls (HCs). SUVr values from significantly changed regions were extracted, and partial correlation analyses with clinical measures were conducted. RESULTS We examined 17 MOH patients and 16 HCs. MOH patients had lower SUVr levels in the medial rather than lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) than HCs (T = -5.0317, PGRF < 0.01), which showed no correlation with clinical features. CONCLUSIONS MOH is characterised by decreased DAT availability in the medial OFC, which might reflect compensatory downregulation due to low dopamine signalling within the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system and provide a new perspective to understand the pathogenesis of MOH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanxian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajin Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baixuan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Headache Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gan M, Yao R, Wang B, Li J, Wang N, Choi MMF, Bian W. 3-aminophenylboronic acid modified carbon nitride quantum dots as fluorescent probe for selective detection of dopamine and cell imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2024; 12:025001. [PMID: 38118181 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad17a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is the most abundant catecholamine neurotransmitter in the brain and plays an extremely essential role in the physiological activities of the living organism. There is a critical need for accurately and efficiently detecting DA levels in organisms in order to reflect physiological states. Carbon nitride quantum dots (C3N4) were, in recent years, used enormously as electrochemical and fluorescence probes for the detection of metal ions, biomarkers and other environmental or food impurities due to their unique advantageous optical and electronic properties. 3-Aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) can specifically combine with DA through an aggregation effect, providing an effective DA detection method. In this work, 3-APBA modified carbon nitride quantum dots (3-APBA-CNQDs) were synthesized from urea and sodium citrate. The structure, chemical composition and optical properties of 3-APBA-CNQDs were investigated by XRD, TEM, UV-visible, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The addition of DA could induce fluorescence quenching of 3-APBA-CNQDs possibly through the inner filter effect (IFE). 3-APBA-CNQDs shows better selectivity and sensitivity to DA than other interfering substances. By optimizing the experiment conditions, good linearity was obtained at 0.10-51μM DA with a low detection limit of 22.08 nM. More importantly, 3-APBA-CNQDs have been successfully applied for the detection of DA in human urine and blood samples as well as for bioimaging of intracellular DA. This study provides a promising novel method for the rapid detection of DA in real biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Gan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Wang
- Lvliang People's Hospital, Lvliang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Lvliang People's Hospital, Lvliang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin M F Choi
- Bristol Chinese Christian Church, c/o Tyndale Baptist Church, 137-139 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, People's Republic of China
- Lvliang People's Hospital, Lvliang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Richardson BJ, Hamilton J, Roeder N, Thanos KZ, Marion M, Thanos PK. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 differentially impacts dopamine signaling independent of sex and environment. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 8:100118. [PMID: 37664218 PMCID: PMC10470066 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal/brain fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) plays an integral role in the intracellular trafficking of bioactive lipids/endocannabinoids and the subsequent initiation of cellular cascades affecting cannabinoid and dopamine (DA) systems. Social isolation (SI) and environmental enrichment (EE) during adolescence have been shown to impact DA signaling, and, specifically, DA transporter (DAT) and receptor levels of DA type 1 (D1) and 2 (D2); however, the relationship between FABP5, environment and DA signaling remains unclear. The present study quantified DAT and DA receptor levels in male/female FABP5-/- and FABP5+/+ mice raised in either SI or EE. Results showed that FABP5-/- mice had 6.09-8.81% greater D1 levels in striatal sub-regions of the caudal brain, independent of sex or environment. D1 levels were 8.03% greater only in the olfactory tubercle of enrichment-reared animals. In summary, these results supported that FABP5 plays an important function in regulating striatal DA signaling, and this may have important implications as a target with therapeutic potential for various psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J. Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kyriaki Z. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
| | - Matthew Marion
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamamoto Y, Takahata K, Kubota M, Takeuchi H, Moriguchi S, Sasaki T, Seki C, Endo H, Matsuoka K, Tagai K, Kimura Y, Kurose S, Mimura M, Kawamura K, Zhang MR, Higuchi M. Association of protein distribution and gene expression revealed by positron emission tomography and postmortem gene expression in the dopaminergic system of the human brain. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3928-3936. [PMID: 37581725 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The topological distribution of dopamine-related proteins is determined by gene transcription and subsequent regulations. Recent research strategies integrating positron emission tomography with a transcriptome atlas have opened new opportunities to understand the influence of regulation after transcription on protein distribution. Previous studies have reported that messenger (m)-RNA expression levels spatially correlate with the density maps of serotonin receptors but not with those of transporters. This discrepancy may be due to differences in regulation after transcription between presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, which have not been studied in the dopaminergic system. Here, we focused on dopamine D1 and D2/D3 receptors and dopamine transporters and investigated their region-wise relationship between mRNA expression and protein distribution. METHODS We examined the region-wise correlation between regional binding potentials of the target region relative to that of non-displaceable tissue (BPND) values of 11C-SCH-23390 and mRNA expression levels of dopamine D1 receptors (D1R); regional BPND values of 11C-FLB-457 and mRNA expression levels of dopamine D2/D3 receptors (D2/D3R); and regional total distribution volume (VT) values of 18F-FE-PE2I and mRNA expression levels of dopamine transporters (DAT) using Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS We found significant positive correlations between regional BPND values of 11C-SCH-23390 and the mRNA expression levels of D1R (r = 0.769, p = 0.0021). Similar to D1R, regional BPND values of 11C-FLB-457 positively correlated with the mRNA expression levels of D2R (r = 0.809, p = 0.0151) but not with those of D3R (r = 0.413, p = 0.3095). In contrast to D1R and D2R, no significant correlation between VT values of 18F-FE-PE2I and mRNA expression levels of DAT was observed (r = -0.5934, p = 0.140). CONCLUSION We found a region-wise correlation between the mRNA expression levels of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and their respective protein distributions. However, we found no region-wise correlation between the mRNA expression levels of dopamine transporters and their protein distributions, indicating different regulatory mechanisms for the localization of pre- and postsynaptic proteins. These results provide a broader understanding of the application of the transcriptome atlas to neuroimaging studies of the dopaminergic nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Moriguchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15 Kotobashi, Sumida-Ku, Tokyo, 130-8575, Japan
| | - Chie Seki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hironobu Endo
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Tagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Shin Kurose
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prange S, Theis H, Banwinkler M, van Eimeren T. Molecular Imaging in Parkinsonian Disorders—What’s New and Hot? Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091146. [PMID: 36138882 PMCID: PMC9496752 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Highlights Abstract Neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders are characterized by a great diversity of clinical symptoms and underlying neuropathology, yet differential diagnosis during lifetime remains probabilistic. Molecular imaging is a powerful method to detect pathological changes in vivo on a cellular and molecular level with high specificity. Thereby, molecular imaging enables to investigate functional changes and pathological hallmarks in neurodegenerative disorders, thus allowing to better differentiate between different forms of degenerative parkinsonism, improve the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis and disentangle the pathophysiology of disease-related symptoms. The past decade led to significant progress in the field of molecular imaging, including the development of multiple new and promising radioactive tracers for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) as well as novel analytical methods. Here, we review the most recent advances in molecular imaging for the diagnosis, prognosis, and mechanistic understanding of parkinsonian disorders. First, advances in imaging of neurotransmission abnormalities, metabolism, synaptic density, inflammation, and pathological protein aggregation are reviewed, highlighting our renewed understanding regarding the multiplicity of neurodegenerative processes involved in parkinsonian disorders. Consequently, we review the role of molecular imaging in the context of disease-modifying interventions to follow neurodegeneration, ensure stratification, and target engagement in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Prange
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon, 69675 Bron, France
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (T.v.E.); Tel.: +49-221-47882843 (T.v.E.)
| | - Hendrik Theis
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Magdalena Banwinkler
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (T.v.E.); Tel.: +49-221-47882843 (T.v.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Basile GA, Bertino S, Bramanti A, Ciurleo R, Anastasi GP, Milardi D, Cacciola A. Striatal topographical organization: Bridging the gap between molecules, connectivity and behavior. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34643358 PMCID: PMC8524362 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum represents the major hub of the basal ganglia, receiving projections from the entire cerebral cortex and it is assumed to play a key role in a wide array of complex behavioral tasks. Despite being extensively investigated during the last decades, the topographical organization of the striatum is not well understood yet. Ongoing efforts in neuroscience are focused on analyzing striatal anatomy at different spatial scales, to understand how structure relates to function and how derangements of this organization are involved in various neuropsychiatric diseases. While being subdivided at the macroscale level into dorsal and ventral divisions, at a mesoscale level the striatum represents an anatomical continuum sharing the same cellular makeup. At the same time, it is now increasingly ascertained that different striatal compartments show subtle histochemical differences, and their neurons exhibit peculiar patterns of gene expression, supporting functional diversity across the whole basal ganglia circuitry. Such diversity is further supported by afferent connections which are heterogenous both anatomically, as they originate from distributed cortical areas and subcortical structures, and biochemically, as they involve a variety of neurotransmitters. Specifically, the cortico-striatal projection system is topographically organized delineating a functional organization which is maintained throughout the basal ganglia, subserving motor, cognitive and affective behavioral functions. While such functional heterogeneity has been firstly conceptualized as a tripartite organization, with sharply defined limbic, associative and sensorimotor territories within the striatum, it has been proposed that such territories are more likely to fade into one another, delineating a gradient-like organization along medio-lateral and ventro-dorsal axes. However, the molecular and cellular underpinnings of such organization are less understood, and their relations to behavior remains an open question, especially in humans. In this review we aimed at summarizing the available knowledge on striatal organization, especially focusing on how it links structure to function and its alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases. We examined studies conducted on different species, covering a wide array of different methodologies: from tract-tracing and immunohistochemistry to neuroimaging and transcriptomic experiments, aimed at bridging the gap between macroscopic and molecular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Antonio Basile
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Salvatore Bertino
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Medical School of Salerno", University of Salerno.
| | | | - Giuseppe Pio Anastasi
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Demetrio Milardi
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rigney G, Ayubcha C, Werner TJ, Alavi A, Revheim ME. The utility of PET imaging in the diagnosis and management of psychosis: a brief review. Clin Transl Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Advances in the pathophysiological characterization of psychosis has led to a newfound role of biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic contexts. Further, advances in the accuracy and sensitivity of nuclear medicine imaging techniques, and specifically positron emission tomography (PET), have improved the ability to diagnose and manage individuals experiencing first-episode psychosis or those at greater risk for developing psychosis.
Methods
Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify papers related to the use of PET imaging in the diagnosis or management of psychosis. Search terms used included “positron emission tomography”, “PET imaging”, “psychosis”, “disorders of psychosis”, “schizophrenia”, “biomarkers”, “diagnostic biomarkers”, “prognostic biomarker”, “monitoring biomarker”, “outcome biomarker”, and “predictive biomarker.”
Results
Studies included fell into three categories: those examining microglia, those studying dopamine synthesis capacity, and those examining acetylcholine receptor activity. Microglial imaging has been shown to be ineffective in all patients with psychosis, but some believe it shows promise in a subset of patients with psychosis, although no defining characteristics of said subset have been postulated. Studies of dopamine synthesis capacity suggest that presynaptic dopamine is reliably elevated in patients with psychosis, but levels of dopamine active transporter are not. Further, positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fluoro-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine ([18F]FDOPA)-PET has been recently used successfully as a predictive biomarker of dopaminergic treatment response, although more work is needed to validate such findings. Finally, existing studies have also documented lower levels of binding to the α7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor (α7-nAChR) via [18F]-ASEM PET in patients with psychosis, however there is a dearth of prospective, randomized studies evaluating the efficacy of [18F]-ASEM as a diagnostic or monitoring biomarker of any kind.
Conclusion
Molecular imaging has become a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of psychosis. Further work must be done to improve the comparative prognostic value and diagnostic accuracy of different radiotracers.
Collapse
|
8
|
Structural properties of corpus callosum are associated differently with verbal creativity and visual creativity. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2511-2521. [PMID: 34430997 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies demonstrate that creativity is related to brain regions across both hemispheres, and the corpus callosum forms the structural basis of inter-hemispheric information exchange. However, the findings regarding the relationship between inter-hemispheric interaction and creativity remain inconsistent, which may be caused by different types of creativity and neural features being adopted. To clarify the inconsistency, and understand how inter-hemispheric interactions are related to different kinds of creativity, we explored the correlation between eight structural measures of the corpus callosum (CC) and two different domains of creativity [verbal creativity (VerC) and visual creativity (VisC)] using a large healthy-adult sample (n = 446). The results showed that VerC was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy (FA) and negatively correlated with the radial diffusivity (RD) of CC; whereas there was no significant association between VisC and CC measures. These results persisted after regressing VisC from VerC, regressing VerC from VisC, and regress out general intelligence from both creativity measures. In summary, we showed that the structural properties of corpus collosum are associated in different ways with two domains of creativity, i.e., verbal creativity and visual creativity, which enriches our understanding of the underlying neural mechanism in different types of creativity.
Collapse
|