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Li X, Oestreich LKL, Rangelov D, Lévy-Bencheton D, O’Sullivan MJ. Intrinsic functional networks for distinct sources of error in visual working memory. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae401. [PMID: 39385613 PMCID: PMC11464681 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual working memory (VWM) is a core cognitive function wherein visual information is stored and manipulated over short periods. Response errors in VWM tasks arise from the imprecise memory of target items, swaps between targets and nontargets, and random guesses. However, it remains unclear whether these types of errors are underpinned by distinct neural networks. To answer this question, we recruited 80 healthy adults to perform delayed estimation tasks and acquired their resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The tasks required participants to reproduce the memorized visual feature along continuous scales, which, combined with mixture distribution modeling, allowed us to estimate the measures of memory precision, swap errors, and random guesses. Intrinsic functional connectivity within and between different networks, identified using a hierarchical clustering approach, was estimated for each participant. Our analyses revealed that higher memory precision was associated with increased connectivity within a frontal-opercular network, as well as between the dorsal attention network and an angular-gyrus-cerebellar network. We also found that coupling between the frontoparietal control network and the cingulo-opercular network contributes to both memory precision and random guesses. Our findings demonstrate that distinct sources of variability in VWM performance are underpinned by different yet partially overlapping intrinsic functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqian Li
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Lena K L Oestreich
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia
- National Imaging Facility, The University of Queensland, University Drive, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Dragan Rangelov
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, QBI Building 79, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia
- School of Economics, The University of Queensland, 39 Blair Drive, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia
| | | | - Michael J O’Sullivan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
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Istomina A, Arsalidou M. Add, subtract and multiply: Meta-analyses of brain correlates of arithmetic operations in children and adults. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101419. [PMID: 39098250 PMCID: PMC11342769 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mathematical operations are cognitive actions we take to calculate relations among numbers. Arithmetic operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are elemental in education. Addition is the first one taught in school and is most popular in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Division, typically taught last is least studied with fMRI. fMRI meta-analyses show that arithmetic operations activate brain areas in parietal, cingulate and insular cortices for children and adults. Critically, no meta-analysis examines concordance across brain correlates of separate arithmetic operations in children and adults. We review and examine using quantitative meta-analyses data from fMRI articles that report brain coordinates separately for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in children and adults. Results show that arithmetic operations elicit common areas of concordance in fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks in adults and children. Between operations differences are observed primarily for adults. Interestingly, higher within-group concordance, expressed in activation likelihood estimates, is found in brain areas associated with the cingulo-opercular network rather than the fronto-parietal network in children, areas also common between adults and children. Findings are discussed in relation to constructivist cognitive theory and practical directions for future research.
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3
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Marti E, Coll SY, Doganci N, Ptak R. Cortical and subcortical substrates of working memory in the right hemisphere: A connectome-based lesion-symptom mapping study. Neuropsychologia 2024; 204:108998. [PMID: 39251106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Working Memory (WM) is a cognitive system whose crucial role is to temporarily hold and manipulate information. Early studies suggest that verbal WM is typically associated with left hemisphere (LH) brain regions, while the processing of visuospatial information in WM more specifically depends on the right hemisphere (RH). However, recent evidence suggests a more complex network involving both hemispheres' prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices in these processes. Unfortunately, previous lesion studies often examined only one modality (either verbal, or visuospatial) or one hemisphere, which limits the possible conclusions regarding non-lateralized hemispheric involvement. Using connectome-based lesion-symptom mapping on a large sample of patients with left (LBD) and right (RBD) focal brain damage, we examined whether gray matter damage and white matter disconnections predict deficits of WM updating in an N-back task. Patients were examined with two WM tasks that differed regarding modality (verbal, spatial) and cognitive load (1-back, 2-back). Behavioral outcomes indicated that RBD patients showed significant deficits in WM updating, regardless of task modality or load. This observation was supported by whole-brain voxel-based analysis, revealing associations between WM deficits and gray matter clusters in the RH. Specifically, damage to the right lateral frontal cortex including the brain region homologous to Broca's area was associated with verbal WM deficits, while damage to the right inferior parietal lobe and posterior temporal cortex predicted spatial WM deficits. Additionally, white matter analyses identified severely impacted tracts in the RH, predicting deficits in both verbal and spatial WM. Our findings suggest that the mental manipulation of both verbal and visuospatial information in WM updating relies on the integrity of the RH, irrespective of the specific type of information held in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Marti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Sélim Yahia Coll
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naz Doganci
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Radek Ptak
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Pan Q, Qu Q, Wen B, Pang F, Xu J. Fronto-parietal activity changes associated with changes in working memory load: Evidence from simultaneous electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:5413-5427. [PMID: 39223860 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) involves the capacity to maintain and manipulate information over short periods. Previous research has suggested that fronto-parietal activities play a crucial role in WM. However, there remains no agreement on the effect of working memory load (WML) on neural activities and haemodynamic responses. Here, our study seeks to examine the effect of WML through simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In this study, a delay change detection task was conducted on 23 healthy volunteers. The task included three levels: one item, three items and five items. The EEG and fNIRS were simultaneously recorded during the task. Neural activities and haemodynamic responses at prefrontal and parietal regions were analysed using time-frequency analysis and weighted phase-lag index (wPLI). We observed a significant enhancement in prefrontal and parietal β suppression as WML increased. Furthermore, as WML increased, there was a notable enhancement in fronto-parietal connectivity (FPC), as evidenced by both EEG and fNIRS. Correlation analysis indicated that as WML increased, there was a potential for enhancement of neurovascular coupling (NVC) of FPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Sichuan Digital Economy Industry Development Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Fangning Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Sichuan Digital Economy Industry Development Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Baroni M, Bastiani L, Scalese M, Biagioni S, Denoth F, Fizzarotti C, Potente R, Miniati M, Menicucci D, Molinaro S. Executive functions and addictions: a Structural Equation Modeling Approach and the Italian validation of the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI). APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39154224 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2388230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the work aims to observe the associations between psychoactive substance use and gambling and executive functioning as well as to validate the Italian version of the "Adult Executive Functioning Inventory" (ADEXI) scale. METHODS data were collected through a representative cross-sectional study among 5,160 people (18-84 years old) called IPSAD® (Italian Population Survey on Alcohol and Other Drugs). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed to explore the associations between ADEXI and other behaviors measured with standardized questionnaires. Cronbach α has been performed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the ADEXI scale. RESULTS SEM showed that both WM and INH were correlated with problematic cannabis use (WM r = 0.112; INH r = 0.251) and gambling (WM r = 0.101; INH r = 0.168), while problematic alcohol use was correlated only with INH (r = 0.233). Cronbach α for the WM subscale was 0.833 (CI 0.826-0.840), while for INH was 0.694 (CI 0.680-0.708). CONCLUSION results pointed out a strong correlation between addictions (substance-related and non-substance-related) and WM and INH impairments among the adult general population. Moreover, the ADEXI scale could be considered a valuable tool for general population surveys to detect working memory and inhibition characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Baroni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bastiani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scalese
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Biagioni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Denoth
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Fizzarotti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Potente
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Miniati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Menicucci
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Zhou Z, Yan Y, Gu H, Sun R, Liao Z, Xue K, Tang C. Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex plays multiple roles in the executive function of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1759-1767. [PMID: 38103242 PMCID: PMC10960281 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities, leading to cognitive impairment. One common issue in Parkinson's disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive functioning. Executive functions help us plan, organize, and control our actions based on our goals. The brain area responsible for executive functions is called the prefrontal cortex. It acts as the command center for the brain, especially when it comes to regulating executive functions. The role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes is influenced by a chemical messenger called dopamine. However, little is known about how dopamine affects the cognitive functions of patients with Parkinson's disease. In this article, the authors review the latest research on this topic. They start by looking at how the dopaminergic system, is altered in Parkinson's disease with executive dysfunction. Then, they explore how these changes in dopamine impact the synaptic structure, electrical activity, and connection components of the prefrontal cortex. The authors also summarize the relationship between Parkinson's disease and dopamine-related cognitive issues. This information may offer valuable insights and directions for further research and improvement in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yalong Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruiao Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zihan Liao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Dobryakova E, Tong TT, Iosipchuk O, Lequerica A, Schneider V, Chiaravalloti N, Sandry J. Bypassing Striatal Learning Mechanisms Using Delayed Feedback to Circumvent Learning Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2024:00001199-990000000-00147. [PMID: 39046329 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Feedback facilitates learning by guiding and modifying behaviors through an action-outcome contingency. As the majority of existing studies have focused on the immediate presentation of feedback, the impact of delayed feedback on learning is understudied. Prior work demonstrated that learning from immediate and delayed feedback employed distinct brain regions in healthy individuals, and compared to healthy individuals, individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are impaired in learning from immediate feedback. The goal of the current investigation was to assess the effects of delayed vs immediate feedback on learning in individuals with TBI and examine brain networks associated with delayed and immediate feedback processing. SETTING Nonprofit research organization. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI. DESIGN Participants completed a paired-associate word learning task while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. During the task, feedback was presented either immediately, after a delay, or not at all (control condition). MAIN MEASURES Learning performance accuracy, confidence ratings, post-task questionnaire, and blood oxygen level-dependent signal. RESULTS Behavioral data showed that delayed feedback resulted in better learning performance than immediate feedback and no feedback. In addition, participants reported higher confidence in their performance during delayed feedback trials. During delayed vs immediate feedback processing, greater activation was observed in the superior parietal and angular gyrus. Activation in these areas has been previously associated with successful retrieval and greater memory confidence. CONCLUSION The observed results might be explained by delayed feedback processing circumventing the striatal dopaminergic regions responsible for learning from immediate feedback that are impaired in TBI. In addition, delayed feedback evokes less of an affective reaction than immediate feedback, which likely benefited memory performance. Indeed, compared to delayed feedback, positive or negative immediate feedback was more likely to be rated as rewarding or punishing, respectively. The findings have significant implications for TBI rehabilitation and suggest that delaying feedback during rehabilitation might recruit brain regions that lead to better functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dobryakova
- Author Affiliations: Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, (Dr Dobryakova, Dr Tong, Ms Iosipchuk, Dr Lequerica, Ms Schneider, and Dr Chiaravalloti); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, (Drs Dobryakova, Lequerica, and Chiaravalloti); and Psychology Department, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey (Dr Sandry)
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8
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Nozari N, Martin RC. Is working memory domain-general or domain-specific? Trends Cogn Sci 2024:S1364-6613(24)00164-5. [PMID: 39019705 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Given the fundamental role of working memory (WM) in all domains of cognition, a central question has been whether WM is domain-general. However, the term 'domain-general' has been used in different, and sometimes misleading, ways. By reviewing recent evidence and biologically plausible models of WM, we show that the level of domain-generality varies substantially between three facets of WM: in terms of computations, WM is largely domain-general. In terms of neural correlates, it contains both domain-general and domain-specific elements. Finally, in terms of application, it is mostly domain-specific. This variance encourages a shift of focus towards uncovering domain-general computational principles and away from domain-general approaches to the analysis of individual differences and WM training, favoring newer perspectives, such as training-as-skill-learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazbanou Nozari
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Randi C Martin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Sasaoka T, Hirose K, Maekawa T, Inui T, Yamawaki S. The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in intero-exteroceptive integration for spatial image transformation of the self-body. Neuroimage 2024; 293:120634. [PMID: 38705431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial image transformation of the self-body is a fundamental function of visual perspective-taking. Recent research underscores the significance of intero-exteroceptive information integration to construct representations of our embodied self. This raises the intriguing hypothesis that interoceptive processing might be involved in the spatial image transformation of the self-body. To test this hypothesis, the present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity during an arm laterality judgment (ALJ) task. In this task, participants were tasked with discerning whether the outstretched arm of a human figure, viewed from the front or back, was the right or left hand. The reaction times for the ALJ task proved longer when the stimulus presented orientations of 0°, 90°, and 270° relative to the upright orientation, and when the front view was presented rather than the back view. Reflecting the increased reaction time, increased brain activity was manifested in a cluster centered on the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), suggesting that the activation reflects the involvement of an embodied simulation in ALJ. Furthermore, this cluster of brain activity exhibited overlap with regions where the difference in activation between the front and back views positively correlated with the participants' interoceptive sensitivity, as assessed through the heartbeat discrimination task, within the pregenual ACC. These results suggest that the ACC plays an important role in integrating intero-exteroceptive cues to spatially transform the image of our self-body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Sasaoka
- Center for Brain, Mind, and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hirose
- Center for Brain, Mind, and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Center for Brain, Mind, and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Center for Brain, Mind, and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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10
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Ptak R, Bourgeois A. Disengagement of attention with spatial neglect: A systematic review of behavioral and anatomical findings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105622. [PMID: 38490498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The present review examined the consequences of focal brain injury on spatial attention studied with cueing paradigms, with a particular focus on the disengagement deficit, which refers to the abnormal slowing of reactions following an ipsilesional cue. Our review supports the established notion that the disengagement deficit is a functional marker of spatial neglect and is particularly pronounced when elicited by peripheral cues. Recent research has revealed that this deficit critically depends on cues that have task-relevant characteristics or are associated with negative reinforcement. Attentional capture by task-relevant cues is contingent on damage to the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and is modulated by functional connections between the TPJ and the right insular cortex. Furthermore, damage to the dorsal premotor or prefrontal cortex (dPMC/dPFC) reduces the effect of task-relevant cues. These findings support an interactive model of the disengagement deficit, involving the right TPJ, the insula, and the dPMC/dPFC. These interconnected regions play a crucial role in regulating and adapting spatial attention to changing intrinsic values of stimuli in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Ptak
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland; Division of Neurorehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.
| | - Alexia Bourgeois
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland; University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, School of Health Sciences, Avenue de Champel 47, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
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11
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Wolman A, Çatal Y, Klar P, Steffener J, Northoff G. Repertoire of timescales in uni - and transmodal regions mediate working memory capacity. Neuroimage 2024; 291:120602. [PMID: 38579900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) describes the dynamic process of maintenance and manipulation of information over a certain time delay. Neuronally, WM recruits a distributed network of cortical regions like the visual and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as the subcortical hippocampus. How the input dynamics and subsequent neural dynamics impact WM remains unclear though. To answer this question, we combined the analysis of behavioral WM capacity with measuring neural dynamics through task-related power spectrum changes, e.g., median frequency (MF) in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We show that the processing of the input dynamics, e.g., the task structure's specific timescale, leads to changes in the unimodal visual cortex's corresponding timescale which also relates to working memory capacity. While the more transmodal hippocampus relates to working memory capacity through its balance across multiple timescales or frequencies. In conclusion, we here show the relevance of both input dynamics and different neural timescales for WM capacity in uni - and transmodal regions like visual cortex and hippocampus for the subject's WM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Wolman
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada.
| | - Yasir Çatal
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Philipp Klar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jason Steffener
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Ave, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
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12
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Zhang Y. Editorial for "Effect of Physical Exercise on MRI-Assessed Brain Perfusion in Chemotherapy-Treated Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial". J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:1681-1682. [PMID: 37587647 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Department of Basic Discipline, Beihai Vocational college, Beihai, China
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Park Y, Zhang Y, Schwartz F, Iuculano T, Chang H, Menon V. Integrated number sense tutoring remediates aberrant neural representations in children with mathematical disabilities. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.587577. [PMID: 38645139 PMCID: PMC11030345 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.587577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Number sense is essential for early mathematical development but it is compromised in children with mathematical disabilities (MD). Here we investigate the impact of a personalized 4-week Integrated Number Sense (INS) tutoring program aimed at improving the connection between nonsymbolic (sets of objects) and symbolic (Arabic numerals) representations in children with MD. Utilizing neural pattern analysis, we found that INS tutoring not only improved cross-format mapping but also significantly boosted arithmetic fluency in children with MD. Critically, the tutoring normalized previously low levels of cross-format neural representations in these children to pre-tutoring levels observed in typically developing, especially in key brain regions associated with numerical cognition. Moreover, we identified distinct, 'inverted U-shaped' neurodevelopmental changes in the MD group, suggesting unique neural plasticity during mathematical skill development. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of targeted INS tutoring for remediating numerical deficits in MD, and offer a foundation for developing evidence-based educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Park
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Flora Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Teresa Iuculano
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris 75016, France
| | - Hyesang Chang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, CA, 94305
- Symbolic Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, CA, 94305
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Santo-Angles A, Temudo A, Babushkin V, Sreenivasan KK. Effective connectivity of working memory performance: a DCM study of MEG data. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1339728. [PMID: 38501039 PMCID: PMC10944968 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1339728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual working memory (WM) engages several nodes of a large-scale network that includes frontal, parietal, and visual regions; however, little is understood about how these regions interact to support WM behavior. In particular, it is unclear whether network dynamics during WM maintenance primarily represent feedforward or feedback connections. This question has important implications for current debates about the relative roles of frontoparietal and visual regions in WM maintenance. In the current study, we investigated the network activity supporting WM using MEG data acquired while healthy subjects performed a multi-item delayed estimation WM task. We used computational modeling of behavior to discriminate correct responses (high accuracy trials) from two different types of incorrect responses (low accuracy and swap trials), and dynamic causal modeling of MEG data to measure effective connectivity. We observed behaviorally dependent changes in effective connectivity in a brain network comprising frontoparietal and early visual areas. In comparison with high accuracy trials, frontoparietal and frontooccipital networks showed disrupted signals depending on type of behavioral error. Low accuracy trials showed disrupted feedback signals during early portions of WM maintenance and disrupted feedforward signals during later portions of maintenance delay, while swap errors showed disrupted feedback signals during the whole delay period. These results support a distributed model of WM that emphasizes the role of visual regions in WM storage and where changes in large scale network configurations can have important consequences for memory-guided behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniol Santo-Angles
- Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Brain and Health, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ainsley Temudo
- Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vahan Babushkin
- Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kartik K. Sreenivasan
- Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Brain and Health, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xu T, Han X, Ge X, Chen F. Finger motor representation supports the autonomy in arithmetic: neuroimaging evidence from abacus training. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad524. [PMID: 38186011 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Researches have reported the close association between fingers and arithmetic. However, it remains unclear whether and how finger training can benefit arithmetic. To address this issue, we used the abacus-based mental calculation (AMC), which combines finger training and mental arithmetic learning, to explore the neural correlates underlying finger-related arithmetic training. A total of 147 Chinese children (75 M/72 F, mean age, 6.89 ± 0.46) were recruited and randomly assigned into AMC and control groups at primary school entry. The AMC group received 5 years of AMC training, and arithmetic abilities and resting-state functional magnetic resonance images data were collected from both groups at year 1/3/5. The connectome-based predictive modeling was used to find the arithmetic-related networks of each group. Compared to controls, the AMC's positively arithmetic-related network was less located in the control module, and the inter-module connections between somatomotor-default and somatomotor-control modules shifted to somatomotor-visual and somatomotor-dorsal attention modules. Furthermore, the positive network of the AMC group exhibited a segregated connectivity pattern, with more intra-module connections than the control group. Overall, our results suggested that finger motor representation with motor module involvement facilitated arithmetic-related network segregation, reflecting increased autonomy of AMC, thus reducing the dependency of arithmetic on higher-order cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- Bio-X Laboratory, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Bio-X Laboratory, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianyong Xu
- Bio-X Laboratory, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Bio-X Laboratory, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuelian Ge
- Bio-X Laboratory, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feiyan Chen
- Bio-X Laboratory, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Barbieri R, Töpfer FM, Soch J, Bogler C, Sprekeler H, Haynes JD. Encoding of continuous perceptual choices in human early visual cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1277539. [PMID: 38021249 PMCID: PMC10679739 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1277539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research on the neural mechanisms of perceptual decision-making has typically focused on simple categorical choices, say between two alternative motion directions. Studies on such discrete alternatives have often suggested that choices are encoded either in a motor-based or in an abstract, categorical format in regions beyond sensory cortex. Methods In this study, we used motion stimuli that could vary anywhere between 0° and 360° to assess how the brain encodes choices for features that span the full sensory continuum. We employed a combination of neuroimaging and encoding models based on Gaussian process regression to assess how either stimuli or choices were encoded in brain responses. Results We found that single-voxel tuning patterns could be used to reconstruct the trial-by-trial physical direction of motion as well as the participants' continuous choices. Importantly, these continuous choice signals were primarily observed in early visual areas. The tuning properties in this region generalized between choice encoding and stimulus encoding, even for reports that reflected pure guessing. Discussion We found only little information related to the decision outcome in regions beyond visual cortex, such as parietal cortex, possibly because our task did not involve differential motor preparation. This could suggest that decisions for continuous stimuli take can place already in sensory brain regions, potentially using similar mechanisms to the sensory recruitment in visual working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Barbieri
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience and Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix M. Töpfer
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience and Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joram Soch
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience and Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bogler
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience and Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Sprekeler
- Department for Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John-Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience and Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain and Institute of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Razza L, Vanderhasselt M, Luethi M, Repple J, Busatto G, Buchpiguel C, Brunoni A, da Silva P. Cortical thickness is related to working memory performance after non-invasive brain stimulation. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12945. [PMID: 37878887 PMCID: PMC10591489 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) probing the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to have little effect on working memory. The variability of NIBS responses might be explained by inter-subject brain anatomical variability. We investigated whether baseline cortical brain thickness of regions of interest was associated with working memory performance after NIBS by performing a secondary analysis of previously published research. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed from healthy subjects who received transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), and placebo. Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to receive all the interventions in a random order. The working memory task was conducted after the end of each NIBS session. Regions of interest were the bilateral DLPFC, medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex. Overall, 66 NIBS sessions were performed. Findings revealed a negative significant association between cortical thickness of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and reaction time for both tDCS (left: P=0.045, right: P=0.037) and iTBS (left: P=0.007, right: P=0.007) compared to placebo. A significant positive association was found for iTBS and posterior cingulate cortex (P=0.03). No association was found for accuracy. Our findings provide the first evidence that individual cortical thickness of healthy subjects might be associated with working memory performance following different NIBS interventions. Therefore, cortical thickness could explain - to some extent - the heterogeneous effects of NIBS probing the DLPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.B. Razza
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M.A. Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M.S. Luethi
- Serviço Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação, Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J. Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - G. Busatto
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM-21) e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C.A. Buchpiguel
- Divisão de Medicina Nuclear (LIM-43), Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A.R. Brunoni
- Serviço Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação, Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - P.H.R. da Silva
- Serviço Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação, Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Oka N, Iwai K, Sakai H. The neural substrates responsible for food odor processing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1191617. [PMID: 37424999 PMCID: PMC10326844 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1191617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In many species including humans, food odors appear to play a distinct role when compared with other odors. Despite their functional distinction, the neural substrates responsible for food odor processing remain unclear in humans. This study aimed to identify brain regions involved in food odor processing using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis. We selected olfactory neuroimaging studies conducted with sufficient methodological validity using pleasant odors. We then divided the studies into food and non-food odor conditions. Finally, we performed an ALE meta-analysis for each category and compared the ALE maps of the two categories to identify the neural substrates responsible for food odor processing after minimizing the confounding factor of odor pleasantness. The resultant ALE maps revealed that early olfactory areas are more extensively activated by food than non-food odors. Subsequent contrast analysis identified a cluster in the left putamen as the most likely neural substrate underlying food odor processing. In conclusion, food odor processing is characterized by the functional network involved in olfactory sensorimotor transformation for approaching behaviors to edible odors, such as active sniffing.
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Zeng J, Meng J, Wang C, Leng W, Zhong X, Gong A, Bo S, Jiang C. High vagally mediated resting-state heart rate variability is associated with superior working memory function. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1119405. [PMID: 36891458 PMCID: PMC9986304 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1119405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV), a cardiac vagal tone indicator, has been proven to predict performance on some cognitive tasks that rely on the prefrontal cortex. However, the relationship between vagal tone and working memory remains understudied. This study explores the link between vagal tone and working memory function, combined with behavioral tasks and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods A total of 42 undergraduate students were tested for 5-min resting-state HRV to obtain the root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD) data, and then divided into high and low vagal tone groups according to the median of rMSSD data. The two groups underwent the n-back test, and fNIRS was used to measure the neural activity in the test state. ANOVA and the independent sample t-test were performed to compare group mean differences, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis. Results The high vagal tone group had a shorter reaction time, higher accuracy, lower inverse efficiency score, and lower oxy-Hb concentration in the bilateral prefrontal cortex in the working memory tasks state. Furthermore, there were associations between behavioral performance, oxy-Hb concentration, and resting-state rMSSD. Conclusion Our findings suggest that high vagally mediated resting-state HRV is associated with working memory performance. High vagal tone means a higher efficiency of neural resources, beneficial to presenting a better working memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zeng
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwu Leng
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhong
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Anmin Gong
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an, China
| | - Shumin Bo
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Changhao Jiang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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Slotnick SD. Does working memory activate the hippocampus during the late delay period? Cogn Neurosci 2022; 13:182-207. [PMID: 35699620 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2022.2075842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present discussion paper was to identify whether any fMRI studies have provided convincing evidence that the hippocampus is associated with working memory. The key outcome variable was the phase in which hippocampal activity was observed: study, early delay, late delay, and/or test. During working memory tasks, long-term memory processes can operate during the study phase, early delay phase (due to extended encoding), or test phase. Thus, working memory processes can be isolated from long-term memory processes during only the late delay period. Twenty-six working memory studies that reported hippocampal activity were systematically analyzed. Many experimental protocols and analysis parameters were considered including number of participants, stimulus type(s), number of items during the study phase, delay duration, task during the test phase, behavioral accuracy, relevant fMRI contrast(s), whether the information was novel or familiar, number of phases modeled, and whether activation timecourses were extracted. For studies that were able to identify activity in different phases, familiar information sometimes produced activity during the study phase and/or test phase, but never produced activity during the delay period. When early-delay phase and late-delay phase activity could be distinguished via modeling these phases separately or inspecting activation timecourses, novel information could additionally produce activity during the early delay phase. There was no convincing evidence of hippocampal activity during the late delay period. These results indicate that working memory does not activate the hippocampus and suggest a model of working memory where maintenance of novel information can foster long-term memory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College Boston, MA, USA
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